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137 relations: Abundance of the chemical elements, Actinide, Allotropy, Ammonium oxalate, Atomic number, Atomic orbital, Auschwitz concentration camp, Automotive industry, Barium, Bastnäs, Bastnäsite, Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, Beta decay, Bismuthate, Burn, Cadmium sulfide, Calcium carbonate, Calcium phosphate, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Carl Gustaf Mosander, Catalytic converter, Ceres (dwarf planet), Ceres (mythology), Cerianite-(Ce), Ceric ammonium nitrate, Cerimetry, Cerium nitrate, Cerium(III) oxide, Cerium(III) sulfate, Cerium(IV) oxide, Cerium(IV) sulfate, Chalcogen, Charge-transfer complex, Chemical element, Chemical-mechanical planarization, Chlorine, Copper, Cross section (physics), Crown ether, Cubic crystal system, Cyclooctatetraene, Cyclopentadienyl, Didymium, Double beta decay, Ductility, Dwarf planet, Electride, Electrochemistry, Electron capture, Electron configuration, ..., Electronic structure, Europium, F-center, Ferrocerium, Fluorite, Gadolinium, Gas mantle, Gas tungsten arc welding, Hardness, Hexagonal crystal family, Humphry Davy, Hydrochloric acid, Iron, Isotopes of lanthanum, Isotopes of praseodymium, Isotopes of radium, Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Lanthanide, Lanthanum, Lead, Magic number (physics), Magnesium, Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Metal, Metal carbonyl, Methanesulfonic acid, Methanotroph, Methemoglobinemia, Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum, Mischmetal, Monazite, Neodymium, Non-stoichiometric compound, NOx, Nuclear fission product, Organic chemistry, Organocerium chemistry, Organolanthanide chemistry, Oxalate, Oxidation state, Oxidizing agent, P-nuclei, Parts-per notation, Periodic trends, Peroxydisulfate, Photodisintegration, Positron emission, Praseodymium, Primo Levi, Primordial nuclide, Pyrophoricity, R-process, Radioactive decay, Rare-earth element, Regular icosahedron, S-process, Samarium, Selenium, Silver, Snub disphenoid, Sodium hydroxide, Solubility, Spallation, Spontaneous fission, Stellar nucleosynthesis, Sulfur, Sulfuric acid, Synthetic radioisotope, Tellurium, Terbium, Thorium, Thorium dioxide, Tin, Titration, Tungsten, Ultraviolet, United States Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Uranium, Uranocene, Valence electron, Wilhelm Hisinger, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Zircon, Zirconium, 18-Crown-6. Expand index (87 more) »
Abundance of the chemical elements
The abundance of the chemical elements is a measure of the occurrence of the chemical elements relative to all other elements in a given environment.
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Actinide
The actinide or actinoid (IUPAC nomenclature) series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium.
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Allotropy
Allotropy or allotropism is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of these elements.
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Ammonium oxalate
Ammonium oxalate, C2H8N2O4 – more commonly written as (NH4)2C2O4 – is an oxalate salt with ammonium (sometimes as a monohydrate).
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Atomic number
The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Atomic orbital
In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom.
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Auschwitz concentration camp
Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II.
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Automotive industry
The automotive industry is a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles, some of them are called automakers.
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Barium
Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56.
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Bastnäs
Bastnäs (Bastnäs or Bastnäsfältet) is an ore field near Riddarhyttan, Västmanland, Sweden.
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Bastnäsite
The mineral bastnäsite (or bastnaesite) is one of a family of three carbonate-fluoride minerals, which includes bastnäsite-(Ce) with a formula of (Ce, La)CO3F, bastnäsite-(La) with a formula of (La, Ce)CO3F, and bastnäsite-(Y) with a formula of (Y, Ce)CO3F.
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Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction
A Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, or BZ reaction, is one of a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, resulting in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator.
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Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta ray (fast energetic electron or positron) and a neutrino are emitted from an atomic nucleus.
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Bismuthate
Bismuthate is an ion.
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Burn
A burn is a type of injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation.
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Cadmium sulfide
Cadmium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula CdS.
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Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3.
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Calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphate is a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions.
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Carl Auer von Welsbach
Carl Auer von Welsbach, also known as Carl Auer, Freiherr von Welsbach (1 September 1858 – 4 August 1929) was an Austrian scientist and inventor, who had a talent not only for discovering advances, but also for turning them into commercially successful products.
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Carl Gustaf Mosander
Carl Gustaf Mosander (10 September 1797 – 15 October 1858) was a Swedish chemist.
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Catalytic converter
A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction (an oxidation and a reduction reaction).
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Ceres (dwarf planet)
Ceres (minor-planet designation: 1 Ceres) is the largest object in the asteroid belt that lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, slightly closer to Mars' orbit.
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Ceres (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion, Ceres (Cerēs) was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships.
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Cerianite-(Ce)
Cerianite-(Ce) is a relatively rare oxide mineral, belonging to uraninite group with the formula (Ce,Th)O2.
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Ceric ammonium nitrate
Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6.
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Cerimetry
Cerimetry or cerimetric titration, also known as cerate oximetry, is a method of volumetric chemical analysis developed by Ion Atanasiu.
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Cerium nitrate
Cerium nitrate refers to a family of nitrates of cerium in the three or four oxidation state.
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Cerium(III) oxide
Cerium(III) oxide, also known as cerium oxide, cerium trioxide, cerium sesquioxide, cerous oxide or dicerium trioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium.
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Cerium(III) sulfate
Cerium(III) sulfate, also called cerous sulfate, is an inorganic compound with the formula Ce2(SO4)3.
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Cerium(IV) oxide
Cerium(IV) oxide, also known as ceric oxide, ceric dioxide, ceria, cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium.
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Cerium(IV) sulfate
Cerium(IV) sulfate, also called ceric sulfate, is an inorganic compound.
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Chalcogen
The chalcogens are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table.
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Charge-transfer complex
A charge-transfer complex (CT complex) or electron-donor-acceptor complex is an association of two or more molecules, or of different parts of one large molecule, in which a fraction of electronic charge is transferred between the molecular entities.
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Chemical element
A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).
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Chemical-mechanical planarization
Chemical mechanical polishing/planarization is a process of smoothing surfaces with the combination of chemical and mechanical forces.
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Chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Cross section (physics)
When two particles interact, their mutual cross section is the area transverse to their relative motion within which they must meet in order to scatter from each other.
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Crown ether
Crown ethers are cyclic chemical compounds that consist of a ring containing several ether groups.
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Cubic crystal system
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube.
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Cyclooctatetraene
1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene (COT) is an unsaturated derivative of cyclooctane, with the formula C8H8.
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Cyclopentadienyl
Cyclopentadienyl can refer to.
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Didymium
Didymium (twin element) is a mixture of the elements praseodymium and neodymium.
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Double beta decay
In nuclear physics, double beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which two protons are simultaneously transformed into two neutrons, or vice versa, inside an atomic nucleus.
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Ductility
Ductility is a measure of a material's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, which may be expressed as percent elongation or percent area reduction from a tensile test.
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Dwarf planet
A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that is neither a planet nor a natural satellite.
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Electride
An electride is a ionic compound in which an electron is the anion.
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Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the relationship between electricity, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change, with either electricity considered an outcome of a particular chemical change or vice versa.
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Electron capture
Electron capture (K-electron capture, also K-capture, or L-electron capture, L-capture) is a process in which the proton-rich nucleus of an electrically neutral atom absorbs an inner atomic electron, usually from the K or L electron shell.
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Electron configuration
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals.
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Electronic structure
In quantum chemistry, electronic structure is the state of motion of electrons in an electrostatic field created by stationary nuclei.
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Europium
Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63.
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F-center
An F-center, Farbe center or color center (from the original German Farbzentrum; Farbe means color, and zentrum center) is a type of crystallographic defect in which an anionic vacancy in a crystal is filled by one or more unpaired electrons.
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Ferrocerium
Ferrocerium is a synthetic pyrophoric alloy that produces hot sparks that can reach temperatures of when rapidly oxidized by the process of striking.
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Fluorite
Not to be confused with Fluoride. Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2.
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Gadolinium
Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64.
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Gas mantle
An incandescent gas mantle, gas mantle or Welsbach mantle is a device for generating bright white light when heated by a flame.
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Gas tungsten arc welding
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, is an arc welding process that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld.
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Hardness
Hardness is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation induced by either mechanical indentation or abrasion.
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Hexagonal crystal family
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the 6 crystal families, which includes 2 crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and 2 lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral).
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Humphry Davy
Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a Cornish chemist and inventor, who is best remembered today for isolating, using electricity, a series of elements for the first time: potassium and sodium in 1807 and calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron the following year, as well as discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine.
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Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid is a colorless inorganic chemical system with the formula.
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Iron
Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.
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Isotopes of lanthanum
Naturally occurring lanthanum (57La) is composed of one stable (139La) and one radioactive (138La) isotope, with the stable isotope, 139La, being the most abundant (99.91% natural abundance).
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Isotopes of praseodymium
Naturally occurring praseodymium (59Pr) is composed of one stable isotope, 141Pr.
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Isotopes of radium
Radium (88Ra) has no stable or nearly stable isotopes, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given.
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Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius (20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848), named by himself and contemporary society as Jacob Berzelius, was a Swedish chemist.
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Lanthanide
The lanthanide or lanthanoid series of chemical elements comprises the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium.
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Lanthanum
Lanthanum is a chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57.
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Lead
Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
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Magic number (physics)
In nuclear physics, a magic number is a number of nucleons (either protons or neutrons, separately) such that they are arranged into complete shells within the atomic nucleus.
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Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
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Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817) was a German chemist who discovered uranium (1789), zirconium (1789), and cerium (1803), and named titanium (1795) and tellurium (1798).
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Metal
A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Metal carbonyl
Metal carbonyls are coordination complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide ligands.
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Methanesulfonic acid
Methanesulfonic acid (MsOH) is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
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Methanotroph
Methanotrophs (sometimes called methanophiles) are prokaryotes that metabolize methane as their only source of carbon and energy.
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Methemoglobinemia
Methemoglobinemia is a condition caused by elevated levels of methemoglobin in the blood.
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Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum
Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum is an autotrophic bacteria first described in 2007 growing on volcanic pools near Naples, Italy.
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Mischmetal
Mischmetal (from Mischmetall – "mixed metal") is an alloy of rare-earth elements.
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Monazite
Monazite is a reddish-brown phosphate mineral containing rare-earth metals.
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Neodymium
Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60.
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Non-stoichiometric compound
Non-stoichiometric compounds are chemical compounds, almost always solid inorganic compounds, having elemental composition whose proportions cannot be represented by integers; most often, in such materials, some small percentage of atoms are missing or too many atoms are packed into an otherwise perfect lattice work.
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NOx
In atmospheric chemistry, is a generic term for the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution, namely nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide.
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Nuclear fission product
Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus undergoes nuclear fission.
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Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
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Organocerium chemistry
Organocerium compounds are chemical compounds that contain one or more chemical bond between carbon and cerium.
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Organolanthanide chemistry
Organolanthanide chemistry is the field of chemistry that studies compounds with a lanthanide-to-carbon bond.
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Oxalate
Oxalate (IUPAC: ethanedioate) is the dianion with the formula, also written.
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Oxidation state
The oxidation state, sometimes referred to as oxidation number, describes degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound.
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Oxidizing agent
In chemistry, an oxidizing agent (oxidant, oxidizer) is a substance that has the ability to oxidize other substances — in other words to cause them to lose electrons.
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P-nuclei
p-nuclei (p stands for proton-rich) are certain proton-rich, naturally occurring isotopes of some elements between selenium and mercury inclusive which cannot be produced in either the s- or the r-process.
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Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.
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Periodic trends
Periodic trends are specific patterns that are present in the periodic table that illustrate different aspects of a certain element, including its radius and its electronic properties.
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Peroxydisulfate
The peroxydisulfate ion,, is a oxyanion.
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Photodisintegration
Photodisintegration (also called phototransmutation) is a nuclear process in which an atomic nucleus absorbs a high-energy gamma ray, enters an excited state, and immediately decays by emitting a subatomic particle.
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Positron emission
Positron emission or beta plus decay (β+ decay) is a subtype of radioactive decay called beta decay, in which a proton inside a radionuclide nucleus is converted into a neutron while releasing a positron and an electron neutrino (νe).
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Praseodymium
Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59.
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Primo Levi
Primo Michele Levi (31 July 1919 – 11 April 1987) was an Italian Jewish chemist, writer, and Holocaust survivor.
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Primordial nuclide
In geochemistry, geophysics and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides, also known as primordial isotopes, are nuclides found on Earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed.
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Pyrophoricity
A pyrophoric substance (from Greek πυροφόρος, pyrophoros, "fire-bearing") ignites spontaneously in air at or below 55 °C (130 °F).
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R-process
The rapid neutron-capture process, or so-called r-process, is a set of nuclear reactions that in nuclear astrophysics is responsible for the creation (nucleosynthesis) of approximately half the abundances of the atomic nuclei heavier than iron, usually synthesizing the entire abundance of the two most neutron-rich stable isotopes of each heavy element.
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Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.
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Rare-earth element
A rare-earth element (REE) or rare-earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium.
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Regular icosahedron
In geometry, a regular icosahedron is a convex polyhedron with 20 faces, 30 edges and 12 vertices.
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S-process
The slow neutron-capture process or s-process is a series of reactions in nuclear astrophysics that occur in stars, particularly AGB stars.
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Samarium
Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62.
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Selenium
Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.
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Silver
Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.
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Snub disphenoid
In geometry, the snub disphenoid, Siamese dodecahedron, triangular dodecahedron or dodecadeltahedron is a three-dimensional convex polyhedron with twelve equilateral triangles as its faces.
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Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions. Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·n. The monohydrate NaOH· crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, it is frequently utilized alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand was 51 million tonnes.
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Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.
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Spallation
Spallation is a process in which fragments of material (spall) are ejected from a body due to impact or stress.
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Spontaneous fission
Spontaneous fission (SF) is a form of radioactive decay that is found only in very heavy chemical elements.
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Stellar nucleosynthesis
Stellar nucleosynthesis is the theory explaining the creation (nucleosynthesis) of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions between atoms within the stars.
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Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.
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Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.
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Synthetic radioisotope
A synthetic radioisotope is a radionuclide that is not found in nature: no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it, or it is so unstable that it decays away in a very short period of time.
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Tellurium
Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52.
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Terbium
Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65.
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Thorium
Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90.
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Thorium dioxide
Thorium dioxide (ThO2), also called thorium(IV) oxide, is a crystalline solid, often white or yellow in color.
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Tin
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from stannum) and atomic number 50.
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Titration
Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the concentration of an identified analyte.
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Tungsten
Tungsten, or wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W (referring to wolfram) and atomic number 74.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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United States Department of the Interior
The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is the United States federal executive department of the U.S. government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States.
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United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
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Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92.
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Uranocene
Uranocene, U(C8H8)2, is an organouranium compound composed of a uranium atom sandwiched between two cyclooctatetraenide rings.
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Valence electron
In chemistry, a valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
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Wilhelm Hisinger
Wilhelm Hisinger (December 23, 1766 – June 28, 1852) was a Swedish physicist and chemist who in 1807, working in coordination with Jöns Jakob Berzelius, noted that in electrolysis any given substance always went to the same pole, and that substances attracted to the same pole had other properties in common.
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X-ray absorption spectroscopy
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely used technique for determining the local geometric and/or electronic structure of matter.
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition at the parts per thousand range, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material.
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Zircon
Zircon is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates.
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Zirconium
Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40.
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18-Crown-6
18-Crown-6 is an organic compound with the formula 6 and the IUPAC name of 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane.
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Redirects here:
Ce (element), Cerous, Element 58.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium
