Table of Contents
871 relations: Able Archer 83, Abuse of power, Active measures, Adam Rapacki, Adolf Hitler, Adriatic Sea, Afghan Civil War (1989–1992), Afghan conflict, Afghan mujahideen, Afghanistan, Africa, Aftermath of World War II, Ahmar Mountains, Aid, Air-to-air missile, Albert Kahn (architect), Alcide De Gasperi, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Alexei Kosygin, Algeria, Allen Lawrence Pope, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, Allied-occupied Austria, Allied-occupied Germany, Allies of World War I, Allies of World War II, Alpha Group, Ambon, Maluku, American imperialism, American Relief Administration, Analysis of European colonialism and colonization, Andrei Sakharov, Andrey Vyshinsky, Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Angola, Antarctic Treaty System, Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, Anti-communism, Anti-communist mass killings, Anti-nuclear movement, ANZUS, Apollo program, Apollo–Soyuz, April Revolution, Arab Cold War, Armand Hammer, Armistice, Arms race, ASEAN, Ash heap of history, ... Expand index (821 more) »
- 1940s beginnings
- 1990s endings
- Global conflicts
- History of NATO
- Soviet Union–United States military relations
- Wars involving NATO
Able Archer 83
Able Archer 83 was a military exercise conducted by NATO that took place in November 1983. Cold War and Able Archer 83 are nuclear warfare.
See Cold War and Able Archer 83
Abuse of power
Abuse of power or abuse of authority, in the form of "malfeasance in office" or "official abuse of power", is the commission of an unlawful act, done in an official capacity, which affects the performance of official duties.
See Cold War and Abuse of power
Active measures
Active measures (translit) is a term used to describe political warfare conducted by the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.
See Cold War and Active measures
Adam Rapacki
Adam Rapacki (24 December 1909 – 10 October 1970) was a leading Polish Communist politician and diplomat from 1947 to 1968.
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula.
Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
The 1989–1992 Afghan Civil War, also known as the First Afghan Civil War, took place between the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and the end of the Soviet–Afghan War on 15 February 1989 until 27 April 1992, ending the day after the proclamation of the Peshawar Accords proclaiming a new interim Afghan government which was supposed to start serving on 28 April 1992. Cold War and Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) are wars involving the Soviet Union and wars involving the United States.
See Cold War and Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
Afghan conflict
The Afghan conflict (دافغانستان جنګونه; درگیری افغانستان) refers to the series of events that have kept Afghanistan in a near-continuous state of armed conflict since the 1970s.
See Cold War and Afghan conflict
Afghan mujahideen
The Afghan mujahideen (translit; translit) were Islamist resistance groups that fought against the Republic of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union during the Soviet–Afghan War and the subsequent First Afghan Civil War.
See Cold War and Afghan mujahideen
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
Aftermath of World War II
The aftermath of World War II saw the rise of two superpowers, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US). Cold War and aftermath of World War II are nuclear warfare.
See Cold War and Aftermath of World War II
Ahmar Mountains
The Ahmar Mountains is a mountain range of the Ethiopian Highlands, located in the eastern Oromia Region of Ethiopia.
See Cold War and Ahmar Mountains
Aid
In international relations, aid (also known as international aid, overseas aid, foreign aid, economic aid or foreign assistance) is – from the perspective of governments – a voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another.
See Cold War and Aid
Air-to-air missile
Python family of AAM for comparisons, Python-5 (displayed lower-front) and Shafrir-1 (upper-back) An air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from an aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft (including unmanned aircraft such as cruise missiles).
See Cold War and Air-to-air missile
Albert Kahn (architect)
Albert Kahn (March 21, 1869 – December 8, 1942) was an American industrial architect who designed industrial plant complexes such as the Ford River Rouge automobile complex.
See Cold War and Albert Kahn (architect)
Alcide De Gasperi
Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian politician and statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party and served as prime minister of Italy in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953.
See Cold War and Alcide De Gasperi
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian author and Soviet dissident who helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, especially the Gulag prison system.
See Cold War and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Alexei Kosygin
Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin (p; – 18 December 1980) was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War.
See Cold War and Alexei Kosygin
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.
Allen Lawrence Pope
Allen Lawrence Pope (October 20, 1928 – April 4, 2020) was an American military and paramilitary aviator.
See Cold War and Allen Lawrence Pope
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
The Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War consisted of a series of multi-national military expeditions that began in 1918. Cold War and Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War are wars involving the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
Allied-occupied Austria
Austria was occupied by the Allies and declared independent from Nazi Germany on 27 April 1945 (confirmed by the Berlin Declaration for Germany on 5 June 1945), as a result of the Vienna offensive.
See Cold War and Allied-occupied Austria
Allied-occupied Germany
The entirety of Germany was occupied and administered by the Allies of World War II from the Berlin Declaration on 5 June 1945 to the establishment of West Germany on 23 May 1949.
See Cold War and Allied-occupied Germany
Allies of World War I
The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
See Cold War and Allies of World War I
Allies of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.
See Cold War and Allies of World War II
Alpha Group
Spetsgruppa "A", also known as Alpha Group (a popular English name), or Alfa, whose official name is Directorate "A" of the FSB Special Purpose Center (TsSN FSB) (Russian: Спецназ ФСБ "Альфа"), is a stand-alone sub-unit of Russia's special forces within the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB).
Ambon, Maluku
Ambon (formerly Amboina) is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Maluku.
See Cold War and Ambon, Maluku
American imperialism
American imperialism is the expansion of American political, economic, cultural, media, and military influence beyond the boundaries of the United States of America.
See Cold War and American imperialism
American Relief Administration
American Relief Administration (ARA) was an American relief mission to Europe and later post-revolutionary Russia after World War I. Herbert Hoover, future president of the United States, was the program director.
See Cold War and American Relief Administration
Analysis of European colonialism and colonization
Western European colonialism and colonization was the Western European policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over other societies and territories, founding a colony, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
See Cold War and Analysis of European colonialism and colonization
Andrei Sakharov
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (p; 21 May 192114 December 1989) was a Soviet physicist and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world.
See Cold War and Andrei Sakharov
Andrey Vyshinsky
Andrey Yanuaryevich Vyshinsky (Андре́й Януа́рьевич Выши́нский; Andrzej Wyszyński) (– 22 November 1954) was a Soviet politician, jurist and diplomat.
See Cold War and Andrey Vyshinsky
Anglo-Persian Oil Company
The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC; شرکت نفت ایران و انگلیس) was a British company founded in 1909 following the discovery of a large oil field in Masjed Soleiman, Persia (Iran).
See Cold War and Anglo-Persian Oil Company
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-central coast of Southern Africa.
Antarctic Treaty System
The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earth's only continent without a native human population.
See Cold War and Antarctic Treaty System
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, also known as the ABM Treaty or ABMT, was an arms control treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against ballistic missile-delivered nuclear weapons.
See Cold War and Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
Anti-communism
Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals.
See Cold War and Anti-communism
Anti-communist mass killings
Anti-communist mass killings are the politically motivated mass killings of communists, alleged communists, or their alleged supporters which were committed by anti-communists and political organizations or governments which opposed communism.
See Cold War and Anti-communist mass killings
Anti-nuclear movement
The anti-nuclear movement is a social movement that opposes various nuclear technologies.
See Cold War and Anti-nuclear movement
ANZUS
The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS or ANZUS Treaty) is a 1951 collective security agreement initially formed as a trilateral agreement between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States; and from 1986 an agreement between New Zealand and Australia, and separately, Australia and the United States, to co-operate on military matters in the Pacific Ocean region, although today the treaty is taken to relate to conflicts worldwide.
Apollo program
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first men on the Moon from 1968 to 1972.
See Cold War and Apollo program
Apollo–Soyuz
Apollo–Soyuz was the first crewed international space mission, carried out jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975.
April Revolution
The April Revolution (4.19 혁명), also called the April 19 Revolution or April 19 Movement, were mass protests in South Korea against President Syngman Rhee and the First Republic from April 11 to 26, 1960, which led to Rhee's resignation.
See Cold War and April Revolution
Arab Cold War
The Arab Cold War (الحرب العربية الباردة al-ḥarb al-`arabiyyah al-bāridah) was a political rivalry in the Arab world from the early 1950s to the late 1970s and a part of the wider Cold War.
See Cold War and Arab Cold War
Armand Hammer
Armand Hammer (May 21, 1898 – December 10, 1990) was an American business manager and owner.
See Cold War and Armand Hammer
Armistice
An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.
Arms race
An arms race occurs when two or more groups compete in military superiority. Cold War and arms race are geopolitical rivalry.
ASEAN
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly abbreviated as ASEAN, is a political and economic union of 10 states in Southeast Asia.
Ash heap of history
The phrase "ash heap of history", is a derogatory metaphoric reference to oblivion of things no longer relevant.
See Cold War and Ash heap of history
Asia
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Cold War and atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are nuclear warfare.
See Cold War and Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Atomic spies
Atomic spies or atom spies were people in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada who are known to have illicitly given information about nuclear weapons production or design to the Soviet Union during World War II and the early Cold War.
Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II
On 13 May 1981, in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City, Pope John Paul II was shot and wounded by Mehmet Ali Ağca while he was entering the square.
See Cold War and Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II
Augusto Pinochet
Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean army officer and military dictator who ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990.
See Cold War and Augusto Pinochet
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
See Cold War and Authoritarianism
Autocracy
Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat.
Avalon Project
The Avalon Project is a digital library of documents relating to law, history and diplomacy.
See Cold War and Avalon Project
Azerbaijan People's Government
The Azerbaijan People's Government (آذربایجان میللی حکومتی - Azərbaycan Milli Hökuməti; حکومت خودمختار آذربایجان) was a short-lived unrecognized secessionist state in northern Iran from November 1945 to December 1946.
See Cold War and Azerbaijan People's Government
Ba'athist Iraq
Ba'athist Iraq, officially the Iraqi Republic (1968–1992) and later the Republic of Iraq (1992–2003), was the Iraqi state between 1968 and 2003 under the rule of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.
See Cold War and Ba'athist Iraq
Babrak Karmal
Babrak Karmal (Dari/Pashto:; born Sultan Hussein; 6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was an Afghan communist revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Afghanistan, serving in the post of general secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1986.
See Cold War and Babrak Karmal
Ballistic missile
A ballistic missile (BM) is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver warheads on a target.
See Cold War and Ballistic missile
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.
Banana republic
In political science, the term banana republic describes a politically and economically unstable country with an economy dependent upon the export of natural resources.
See Cold War and Banana republic
Bandung Conference
The first large-scale Asian–African or Afro–Asian Conference (Konferensi Asia–Afrika), also known as the Bandung Conference, was a meeting of Asian and African states, most of which were newly independent, which took place on 18–24 April 1955 in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
See Cold War and Bandung Conference
Baruch Plan
The Baruch Plan was a proposal put forward by the United States government on 14 June 1946 to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) during its first meeting.
Basic Books
Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1950 and located in New York City, now an imprint of Hachette Book Group.
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
The Battle of Điện Biên Phủ was a climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War that took place between 13 March and 7 May 1954.
See Cold War and Battle of Dien Bien Phu
Battle of Inchon
The Battle of Inchon, also spelled Battle of Incheon, was an amphibious invasion and a battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations Command (UN).
See Cold War and Battle of Inchon
Battle of Moscow
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See Cold War and Battle of Moscow
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of StalingradSchlacht von Stalingrad see; p (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in southern Russia.
See Cold War and Battle of Stalingrad
Bavaria
Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a state in the southeast of Germany.
Bavarian Soviet Republic
The Bavarian Soviet Republic (or Bavarian Council Republic), also known as the Munich Soviet Republic (Räterepublik Baiern, Münchner Räterepublik), was a short-lived unrecognised socialist state in Bavaria during the German revolution of 1918–1919.
See Cold War and Bavarian Soviet Republic
Bay of Pigs Invasion
The Bay of Pigs Invasion (sometimes called Invasión de Playa Girón or Batalla de Playa Girón after the Playa Girón) was a failed military landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in 1961 by the United States of America and the Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF), consisting of Cuban exiles who opposed Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, clandestinely financed and directed by the U.S.
See Cold War and Bay of Pigs Invasion
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Cold War and BBC
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.
Belgrade
Belgrade.
Bell P-39 Airacobra
The Bell P-39 Airacobra is a fighter produced by Bell Aircraft for the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.
See Cold War and Bell P-39 Airacobra
Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. Cold War and Berlin Blockade are soviet Union–United States military relations.
See Cold War and Berlin Blockade
Berlin Crisis of 1961
The Berlin Crisis of 1961 (Berlin-Krise) was the last major European political and military incident of the Cold War concerning the status of the German capital city, Berlin, and of post–World War II Germany.
See Cold War and Berlin Crisis of 1961
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; West Germany) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany).
Bernard Baruch
Bernard Mannes Baruch (August 19, 1870 – June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman.
See Cold War and Bernard Baruch
Beyond Oil
Beyond Oil: The View from Hubbert's Peak is a 2005 book by Kenneth S. Deffeyes.
Bill Weisband
William Weisband, Sr. (August 28, 1908 – May 14, 1967) was a Ukrainian-American cryptanalyst and NKVD agent (code name 'LINK'), best known for his role in revealing U.S. decryptions of Soviet diplomatic and intelligence codes to Soviet intelligence.
See Cold War and Bill Weisband
Bizone
The Bizone or Bizonia was the combination of the American and the British occupation zones on 1 January 1947 during the occupation of Germany after World War II.
Black propaganda
Black propaganda is a form of propaganda intended to create the impression that it was created by those it is supposed to discredit.
See Cold War and Black propaganda
Blockade
A blockade is the act of actively preventing a country or region from receiving or sending out food, supplies, weapons, or communications, and sometimes people, by military force.
Blowback (intelligence)
Blowback is the unintended consequences and unwanted side-effects of a covert operation.
See Cold War and Blowback (intelligence)
Boeing 747
The Boeing 747 is a long-range wide-body airliner designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States between 1968 and 2023.
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
Bonn
Bonn is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine.
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Борис Николаевич Ельцин,; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as President of Russia from 1991 to 1999.
See Cold War and Boris Yeltsin
Brezhnev Doctrine
The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet foreign policy that proclaimed that any threat to "socialist rule" in any state of the Soviet Bloc in Central and Eastern Europe was a threat to all of them, and therefore, it justified the intervention of fellow socialist states.
See Cold War and Brezhnev Doctrine
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
See Cold War and Brill Publishers
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
See Cold War and British Empire
British Guiana
British Guiana was a British colony, part of the mainland British West Indies.
See Cold War and British Guiana
Buffer state
A buffer state is a country geographically lying between two rival or potentially hostile great powers.
Bundeswehr
The Bundeswehr (literally Federal Defence) is the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR or Byelorussian SSR; Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка; Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика), also known as Byelorussia, was a republic of the Soviet Union (USSR).
See Cold War and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Calvin Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge (born John Calvin Coolidge Jr.;; July 4, 1872January 5, 1933) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929.
See Cold War and Calvin Coolidge
Cambodian campaign
The Cambodian campaign (also known as the Cambodian incursion and the Cambodian liberation) was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia in mid-1970 by South Vietnam and the United States as an expansion of the Vietnam War and the Cambodian Civil War.
See Cold War and Cambodian campaign
Cambodian Civil War
The Cambodian Civil War (សង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិលកម្ពុជា, UNGEGN) was a civil war in Cambodia fought between the forces of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (known as the Khmer Rouge, supported by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong) against the government forces of the Kingdom of Cambodia and, after October 1970, the Khmer Republic, which had succeeded the kingdom (both supported by the United States and South Vietnam).
See Cold War and Cambodian Civil War
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
The Cambodian–Vietnamese War was an armed conflict between Democratic Kampuchea, controlled by Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
See Cold War and Cambodian–Vietnamese War
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Cold War and Cambridge University Press
Canada in the Cold War
Canada in the Cold War was one of the western powers playing a central role in the major alliances.
See Cold War and Canada in the Cold War
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
Carlos Castillo Armas
Carlos Castillo Armas (4 November 191426 July 1957) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who was the 28th president of Guatemala, serving from 1954 to 1957 after taking power in a coup d'état.
See Cold War and Carlos Castillo Armas
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April (25 de Abril), was a military coup by military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo government on 25 April 1974 in Lisbon, producing major social, economic, territorial, demographic, and political changes in Portugal and its overseas colonies through the Processo Revolucionário Em Curso.
See Cold War and Carnation Revolution
Center for International Policy
The Center for International Policy (CIP) is a non-profit foreign policy research and advocacy think tank with offices in Washington, D.C., and New York City.
See Cold War and Center for International Policy
Central Europe
Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.
See Cold War and Central Europe
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Cold War and Central Intelligence Agency
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).
See Cold War and Central Powers
Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe
The Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe (French for "Virtual Centre for Knowledge on Europe "; abbreviated CVCE) is an interdisciplinary research and documentation centre dedicated to European integration studies.
See Cold War and Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe
Challenge (economics magazine)
Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs is a bimonthly magazine covering current affairs in economics.
See Cold War and Challenge (economics magazine)
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French military officer and statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France.
See Cold War and Charles de Gaulle
Charles E. Bohlen
Charles "Chip" Eustis Bohlen (August 30, 1904 – January 1, 1974) was an American diplomat, ambassador, and expert on the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Charles E. Bohlen
Charles Evans Hughes
Charles Evans Hughes Sr. (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was an American statesman, politician, academic, and jurist who served as the 11th chief justice of the United States from 1930 to 1941.
See Cold War and Charles Evans Hughes
Charles R. H. Tripp
Charles Rees Howard Tripp, (born 8 March 1952) is an academic and author specializing in the politics and history of the Near and Middle East.
See Cold War and Charles R. H. Tripp
Che Guevara
Ernesto "Che" Guevara (14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on was 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted by Jon Lee Anderson), asserts that he was actually born on 14 May of that year. Constenla alleges that she was told by Che's mother, Celia de la Serna, that she was already pregnant when she and Ernesto Guevara Lynch were married and that the date on the birth certificate of their son was forged to make it appear that he was born a month later than the actual date to avoid scandal.
Cheddi Jagan
Cheddi Berret Jagan (22 March 1918 – 6 March 1997) was a Guyanese politician and dentist who was first elected Chief Minister in 1953 and later Premier of British Guiana from 1961 to 1964.
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 18875 April 1975) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and military commander.
See Cold War and Chiang Kai-shek
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America.
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
Chinese nationalism
Chinese nationalism is a form of nationalism in which asserts that the Chinese people are a nation and promotes the cultural and national unity of all Chinese people.
See Cold War and Chinese nationalism
Christian Democracy (Italy)
Christian Democracy (Democrazia Cristiana, DC and also called White Whale, Balena Bianca) was a Christian democratic political party in Italy.
See Cold War and Christian Democracy (Italy)
Civil liberties
Civil liberties are guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation, without due process.
See Cold War and Civil liberties
Civil rights movement
The civil rights movement was a social movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country.
See Cold War and Civil rights movement
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See Cold War and CNN
Cold peace
A cold peace is a state of relative peace between two countries that is marked by the enforcement of a peace treaty ending the state of war while the government or populace of at least one of the parties to the treaty continues to treat the treaty with vocal disgust domestically.
Cold War (1962–1979)
The Cold War (1962–1979) refers to the phase within the Cold War that spanned the period between the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis in late October 1962, through the détente period beginning in 1969, to the end of détente in the late 1970s.
See Cold War and Cold War (1962–1979)
Cold War (1979–1985)
The Cold War from 1979 to 1985 was a late phase of the Cold War marked by a sharp increase in hostility between the Soviet Union and the West.
See Cold War and Cold War (1979–1985)
Cold War (1985–1991)
The time period of around 1985–1991 marked the final period of the Cold War.
See Cold War and Cold War (1985–1991)
Cold war (term)
A cold war is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates. Cold War and cold war (term) are geopolitical rivalry.
See Cold War and Cold war (term)
Cold War espionage
Cold War espionage describes the intelligence gathering activities during the Cold War (1947–1991) between the Western allies (primarily the US and Western Europe) and the Eastern Bloc (primarily the Soviet Union and allied countries of the Warsaw Pact).
See Cold War and Cold War espionage
Collectivization in the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union introduced forced collectivization (Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 during the ascension of Joseph Stalin.
See Cold War and Collectivization in the Soviet Union
Comecon
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (English abbreviation COMECON, CMEA, CEMA, or CAME) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of socialist states elsewhere in the world.
Common European Home
The "Common European Home" was a concept created and espoused by former Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev.
See Cold War and Common European Home
Communism
Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.
Communist International
The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was an international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism, and which was led and controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Communist International
Communist Party of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia.
See Cold War and Communist Party of Indonesia
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), at some points known as the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist Party (SCP), was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Communist Party of Ukraine
The Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU or KPU) is a banned political party in Ukraine.
See Cold War and Communist Party of Ukraine
Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)
The Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed) (Komunistychna Partiia Ukrainy (onovlena), KPU(o)) was a political party in Ukraine, formed in November 2000, sd.net following a split from the Communist Party of Ukraine (KPU).
See Cold War and Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)
Communist Party of Workers and Peasants
The Communist Party of Workers and Peasants (Комуністична партія робітників і селян, Komunistychna Partiya Robitnykiv i Selian, KPRS) was a political party in Ukraine, formed in 2001 following a split from the Communist Party of Ukraine (KPU).
See Cold War and Communist Party of Workers and Peasants
Communist Party USA
The Communist Party USA, officially the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), is a communist party in the United States which was established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America following the Russian Revolution.
See Cold War and Communist Party USA
Communist state
A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state in which the totality of the power belongs to a party adhering to some form of Marxism–Leninism, a branch of the communist ideology.
See Cold War and Communist state
Concession (politics)
In politics, a concession is the act of a losing candidate publicly yielding to a winning candidate after an election after the overall result of the vote has become clear.
See Cold War and Concession (politics)
Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) was a key element of the détente process during the Cold War.
See Cold War and Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
Congo Crisis
The Congo Crisis (Crise congolaise) was a period of political upheaval and conflict between 1960 and 1965 in the Republic of the Congo (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo).
Consumer goods in the Soviet Union
Consumer goods in the Soviet Union were usually produced by a two-category industry.
See Cold War and Consumer goods in the Soviet Union
Containment
Containment was a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.
Contras
The Contras (from lit) were the various U.S.-backed-and-funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to 1990 in opposition to the Marxist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction Government in Nicaragua, which had come to power in 1979 following the Nicaraguan Revolution. Cold War and Contras are wars involving the United States.
Conventional warfare
Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation.
See Cold War and Conventional warfare
Cornell University Library
The Cornell University Library is the library system of Cornell University.
See Cold War and Cornell University Library
Counterinsurgency
Counterinsurgency (COIN, or NATO spelling counter-insurgency) is "the totality of actions aimed at defeating irregular forces".
See Cold War and Counterinsurgency
Covert operation
A covert operation or undercover operation is a military or police operation involving a covert agent or troops acting under an assumed cover to conceal the identity of the party responsible.
See Cold War and Covert operation
Criminal justice
Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have been accused of committing crimes.
See Cold War and Criminal justice
Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory
Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory is a Marxist academic journal published by the Centre for the Study of Socialist Theory and Movements (University of Glasgow).
See Cold War and Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory
Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.
Cuba–Soviet Union relations
After the establishment of diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union after the Cuban Revolution of 1959, Cuba became increasingly dependent on Soviet markets and military aid and was an ally of the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
See Cold War and Cuba–Soviet Union relations
Cuba–United States relations
Cuba and the United States restored diplomatic relations on July 20, 2015, after relations had been severed in 1961 during the Cold War.
See Cold War and Cuba–United States relations
Cuban exodus
The Cuban exodus is the mass emigration of Cubans from the island of Cuba after the Cuban Revolution of 1959.
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba. Cold War and Cuban Missile Crisis are soviet Union–United States military relations.
See Cold War and Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Revolution
The Cuban Revolution (Revolución cubana) was the military and political effort to overthrow Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship which reigned as the government of Cuba between 1952 and 1959.
See Cold War and Cuban Revolution
Cult of personality
A cult of personality, or a cult of the leader,Mudde, Cas and Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira (2017) Populism: A Very Short Introduction.
See Cold War and Cult of personality
Culture during the Cold War
The Cold War was reflected in culture through music, movies, books, television, and other media, as well as sports, social beliefs, and behavior.
See Cold War and Culture during the Cold War
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, known from 1948 to 1960 as the Czechoslovak Republic, Fourth Czechoslovak Republic, or simply Czechoslovakia, was the Czechoslovak state from 1948 until 1989, when the country was under communist rule, and was regarded as a satellite state in the Soviet sphere of interest.
See Cold War and Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary.
See Cold War and Czechoslovakia
Daily News and Analysis
The Daily News and Analysis, abbreviated as DNA, is a Hindi-language news program on Zee news that was earlier a newspaper with multiple local city editions across India.
See Cold War and Daily News and Analysis
Daniel Patrick Moynihan
Daniel Patrick Moynihan (March 16, 1927 – March 26, 2003) was an American politician and diplomat.
See Cold War and Daniel Patrick Moynihan
Daniel Yergin
Daniel Howard Yergin (born February 6, 1947) is an American author and consultant within the energy and economic sectors.
See Cold War and Daniel Yergin
Détente
Détente (paren) is the relaxation of strained relations, especially political ones, through verbal communication.
Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR (r) was a political act of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, then part of the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of constitutional reform in Russia.
See Cold War and Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Decolonisation of Africa
The decolonisation of Africa was a series of political developments in Africa that spanned from the mid-1950s to 1975, during the Cold War. Cold War and decolonisation of Africa are aftermath of World War II.
See Cold War and Decolonisation of Africa
Decolonisation of Asia
The decolonisation of Asia was the gradual growth of independence movements in Asia, leading ultimately to the retreat of foreign powers and the creation of several nation-states in the region. Cold War and decolonisation of Asia are aftermath of World War II.
See Cold War and Decolonisation of Asia
Decolonisation of Oceania
The decolonisation of Oceania occurred after World War II when nations in Oceania achieved independence by transitioning from European colonial rule to full independence.
See Cold War and Decolonisation of Oceania
Decolonization
independence. Decolonization is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby imperial nations establish and dominate foreign territories, often overseas. Cold War and Decolonization are aftermath of World War II.
See Cold War and Decolonization
Decommunization
Decommunization in former communist states is the process of purging former communist high officials and eliminating communist symbols.
See Cold War and Decommunization
Decree 900
Decree 900 (Decreto 900), also known as the Agrarian Reform Law, was a Guatemalan land-reform law passed on June 17, 1952, during the Guatemalan Revolution.
Democratic Kampuchea
Democratic Kampuchea (renamed from Kampuchea in 1976) was the Cambodian state from 1975 to 1979, under the totalitarian dictatorship of Pol Pot and the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), commonly known as the Khmer Rouge.
See Cold War and Democratic Kampuchea
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.
See Cold War and Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA), renamed the Republic of Afghanistan in 1987, was the Afghan state during the one-party rule of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) from 1978 to 1992.
See Cold War and Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
Derg
The Derg (or Dergue), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the Marxist–Leninist military dictatorship that ruled Ethiopia, then including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to 1987, when the military leadership or junta formally "civilianized" the administration but stayed in power until 1991.
Deterrence theory
Deterrence theory refers to the scholarship and practice of how threats of using force by one party can convince another party to refrain from initiating some other course of action. Cold War and Deterrence theory are nuclear warfare.
See Cold War and Deterrence theory
Deutsche Mark
The Deutsche Mark (English: German mark), abbreviated "DM" or "D-Mark", was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later the unified Germany from 1990 until the adoption of the euro in 2002.
See Cold War and Deutsche Mark
Deutsche Welle
("German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.
See Cold War and Deutsche Welle
Developing country
A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
See Cold War and Developing country
Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional
The Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (National Intelligence Directorate) or DINA was the secret police of Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
See Cold War and Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional
Disinformation
Disinformation is false information deliberately spread to deceive people.
See Cold War and Disinformation
Division of Korea
The division of Korea began on August 15, 1945 when the official announcement of the surrender of Japan was released, thus ending the Pacific Theater of World War II.
See Cold War and Division of Korea
Dominican Civil War
The Dominican Civil War, also known as the April Revolution, took place between April 24, 1965, and September 3, 1965, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Cold War and Dominican Civil War are wars involving the United States.
See Cold War and Dominican Civil War
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a North American country on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north.
See Cold War and Dominican Republic
Dominican Revolutionary Party
The Dominican Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Dominicano, PRD) is a political party in the Dominican Republic.
See Cold War and Dominican Revolutionary Party
Domino theory
The domino theory is a geopolitical theory which posits that changes in the political structure of one country tend to spread to neighboring countries in a domino effect.
See Cold War and Domino theory
Double agent
In the field of counterintelligence, a double agent is an employee of a secret intelligence service for one country, whose primary purpose is to spy on a target organization of another country, but who is now spying on their own country's organization for the target organization.
Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American military leader who served as General of the Army for the United States, as well as a field marshal to the Philippine Army.
See Cold War and Douglas MacArthur
Duke University Press
Duke University Press is an academic publisher and university press affiliated with Duke University.
See Cold War and Duke University Press
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
See Cold War and Dwight D. Eisenhower
East Berlin
East Berlin (Ost-Berlin) was the partially recognised capital of East Germany (GDR) from 1949 to 1990.
East Germany
East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990.
Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).
Eastern Bloc media and propaganda
Eastern Bloc media and propaganda was controlled directly by each country's communist party, which controlled the state media, censorship and propaganda organs.
See Cold War and Eastern Bloc media and propaganda
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
See Cold War and Eastern Europe
Eastern Front (World War II)
The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in contemporary German and Ukrainian historiographies, was a theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Poland.
See Cold War and Eastern Front (World War II)
Economic growth
Economic growth can be defined as the increase or improvement in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy in a financial year.
See Cold War and Economic growth
Economic sanctions
Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by states or institutions against states, groups, or individuals.
See Cold War and Economic sanctions
Economic warfare
Economic warfare or economic war is an economic strategy utilized by belligerent states with the goal of weakening the economy of other states.
See Cold War and Economic warfare
Economy of Europe
The economy of Europe comprises about 748 million people in 50 countries.
See Cold War and Economy of Europe
Edward Jay Epstein
Edward Jay Epstein (December 6, 1935 – January 9, 2024) was an American investigative journalist and a political science professor at Harvard University, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
See Cold War and Edward Jay Epstein
Effects of the Cold War
The effects of the Cold War on nation-states were numerous both economically and socially until its subsequent century.
See Cold War and Effects of the Cold War
Efraín Ríos Montt
José Efraín Ríos Montt (16 June 1926 – 1 April 2018) was a Guatemalan military officer, politician, and dictator who served as de facto President of Guatemala from 1982 to 1983.
See Cold War and Efraín Ríos Montt
Elías Wessin y Wessin
Elías Wessin y Wessin (July 22, 1924 – April 18, 2009) was a Dominican politician and Dominican Air Force general.
See Cold War and Elías Wessin y Wessin
Embassy of the United States, Kabul
The Embassy of the United States of America in Kabul was the official diplomatic mission of the United States of America to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
See Cold War and Embassy of the United States, Kabul
Emigration from the Eastern Bloc
After World War II, emigration restrictions were imposed by countries in the Eastern Bloc, which consisted of the Soviet Union and its satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe.
See Cold War and Emigration from the Eastern Bloc
Empire of Japan
The Empire of Japan, also referred to as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was the Japanese nation-state that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the reformed Constitution of Japan in 1947.
See Cold War and Empire of Japan
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Cold War and Encyclopædia Britannica
End of World War II in Europe
The final battles of the European theatre of World War II continued after the definitive surrender of Nazi Germany to the Allies, signed by Field marshal Wilhelm Keitel on 8 May 1945 (VE Day) in Karlshorst, Berlin.
See Cold War and End of World War II in Europe
Enemy of the people
The terms enemy of the people and enemy of the nation are designations for the political opponents and for the social-class opponents of the power group within a larger social unit, who, thus identified, can be subjected to political repression.
See Cold War and Enemy of the people
Entropy
Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.
Era of Stagnation
The "Era of Stagnation" (Períod zastóya, or Эпо́ха засто́я) is a term coined by Mikhail Gorbachev in order to describe the negative way in which he viewed the economic, political, and social policies of the Soviet Union that began during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982) and continued under Yuri Andropov (1982–1984) and Konstantin Chernenko (1984–1985).
See Cold War and Era of Stagnation
Eric Foner
Eric Foner (born February 7, 1943) is an American historian.
Espionage
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence).
Estado Novo (Portugal)
The Estado Novo was the corporatist Portuguese state installed in 1933.
See Cold War and Estado Novo (Portugal)
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR), Soviet Estonia, or simply Estonia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union (USSR), covering the occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991.
See Cold War and Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Estonian War of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German Baltische Landeswehr.
See Cold War and Estonian War of Independence
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.
European balance of power
The European balance of power is a tenet in international relations that no single power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of Europe. Cold War and European balance of power are history of international relations.
See Cold War and European balance of power
European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
See Cold War and European Court of Human Rights
Evil Empire speech
The "Evil Empire" speech was a speech delivered by US President Ronald Reagan to the National Association of Evangelicals on March 8, 1983, at the height of the Cold War and the Soviet–Afghan War.
See Cold War and Evil Empire speech
Failed state
A failed state is a state that has lost its ability to fulfill fundamental security and development functions, lacking effective control over its territory and borders.
Fall of Saigon
The fall of Saigon was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong on 30 April 1975.
See Cold War and Fall of Saigon
False alarm
A false alarm, also called a nuisance alarm, is the deceptive or erroneous report of an emergency, causing unnecessary panic and/or bringing resources (such as emergency services) to a place where they are not needed.
Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger Williams Straus Jr. and John C. Farrar.
See Cold War and Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.
Federal government of the United States
The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, five major self-governing territories, several island possessions, and the federal district/national capital of Washington, D.C., where most of the federal government is based.
See Cold War and Federal government of the United States
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008.
Final good
A final good or consumer good is a final product ready for sale that is used by the consumer to satisfy current wants or needs, unlike an intermediate good, which is used to produce other goods.
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.
Finnish Civil War
The Finnish Civil War was a civil war in Finland in 1918 fought for the leadership and control of the country between White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland) during the country's transition from a grand duchy ruled by the Russian Empire to a fully independent state.
See Cold War and Finnish Civil War
Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948
The Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance of 1948, also known as the YYA Treaty from the Finnish Ystävyys-, yhteistyö- ja avunantosopimus (YYA-sopimus) (Swedish: Vänskaps-, samarbets- och biståndsavtalet (VSB-avtalet)), was the basis for Finno–Soviet relations from 1948 to 1992.
See Cold War and Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948
Fire-control system
A fire-control system (FCS) is a number of components working together, usually a gun data computer, a director and radar, which is designed to assist a ranged weapon system to target, track, and hit a target.
See Cold War and Fire-control system
First Indochina War
The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam, and alternatively internationally as the French-Indochina War) was fought between France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and their respective allies, from 19 December 1946 until 20 July 1954. Cold War and First Indochina War are 20th-century conflicts, aftermath of World War II, wars involving the Soviet Union and wars involving the United States.
See Cold War and First Indochina War
First World
The concept of the First World was originally one of the "Three Worlds" formed by the global political landscape of the Cold War, as it grouped together those countries that were aligned with the Western Bloc of the United States.
Flexible response
Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower's New Look and its policy of massive retaliation.
See Cold War and Flexible response
Flight recorder
A flight recorder is an electronic recording device placed in an aircraft for the purpose of facilitating the investigation of aviation accidents and incidents.
See Cold War and Flight recorder
Force de dissuasion
The Force de dissuasion ('Deterrence Force'), known as the Force de frappe ('Strike Force') prior to 1961,Gunston, Bill.
See Cold War and Force de dissuasion
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States.
See Cold War and Ford Motor Company
Foreign Affairs
Foreign Affairs is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.
See Cold War and Foreign Affairs
Frank B. Kellogg
Frank Billings Kellogg (December 22, 1856 – December 21, 1937) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served in the U.S. Senate and as U.S. Secretary of State.
See Cold War and Frank B. Kellogg
Frank Borman
Frank Frederick Borman II (March 14, 1928 – November 7, 2023) was an American United States Air Force (USAF) colonel, aeronautical engineer, NASA astronaut, test pilot, and businessman.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.
See Cold War and Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franz Josef Strauss
Franz Josef Strauss (6 September 1915 – 3 October 1988) was a German politician.
See Cold War and Franz Josef Strauss
Free Territory of Trieste
The Free Territory of Trieste was an independent territory in Southern Europe between northern Italy and Yugoslavia, facing the north part of the Adriatic Sea, under direct responsibility of the United Nations Security Council in the aftermath of World War II. Cold War and Free Territory of Trieste are aftermath of World War II.
See Cold War and Free Territory of Trieste
Freedom of information
Freedom of information is freedom of a person or people to publish and have access to information.
See Cold War and Freedom of information
Freedom of movement
Freedom of movement, mobility rights, or the right to travel is a human rights concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the territory of a country,Jérémiee Gilbert, Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights (2014), p. 73: "Freedom of movement within a country encompasses both the right to travel freely within the territory of the State and the right to relocate oneself and to choose one's place of residence".
See Cold War and Freedom of movement
Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction.
See Cold War and Freedom of speech
Freedom of the press
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the fundamental principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.
See Cold War and Freedom of the press
French Algeria
French Algeria (Alger until 1839, then Algérie afterwards; unofficially Algérie française, الجزائر المستعمرة), also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of Algerian history when the country was a colony and later an integral part of France.
See Cold War and French Algeria
Fulgencio Batista
Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and as a military dictator from 1952 until his overthrow in the Cuban Revolution in 1959.
See Cold War and Fulgencio Batista
Fulton, Missouri
Fulton is the largest city in and the county seat of Callaway County, Missouri, United States.
See Cold War and Fulton, Missouri
Gail Halvorsen
Colonel Gail Seymour "The Candy Bomber" Halvorsen (October 10, 1920 – February 16, 2022) was a senior officer and command pilot in the United States Air Force.
See Cold War and Gail Halvorsen
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).
See Cold War and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Geneva
Geneva (Genève)Genf; Ginevra; Genevra.
Geneva Summit (1985)
The Geneva Summit of 1985 was a Cold War-era meeting in Geneva, Switzerland.
See Cold War and Geneva Summit (1985)
Geopolitics
Geopolitics is the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations.
George F. Kennan
George Frost Kennan (February 16, 1904 – March 17, 2005) was an American diplomat and historian.
See Cold War and George F. Kennan
George H. W. Bush
George Herbert Walker BushAfter the 1990s, he became more commonly known as George H. W. Bush, "Bush Senior," "Bush 41," and even "Bush the Elder" to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd U.S. president from 2001 to 2009; previously, he was usually referred to simply as George Bush.
See Cold War and George H. W. Bush
George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950) was a British novelist, poet, essayist, journalist, and critic who wrote under the pen name of George Orwell, a name inspired by his favourite place River Orwell.
See Cold War and George Orwell
George Washington University
The George Washington University (GW or GWU) is a private federally-chartered research university in Washington, D.C. Originally named Columbian College, it was chartered in 1821 by the United States Congress and is the first university founded under Washington D.C.'s jurisdiction.
See Cold War and George Washington University
German Army (1935–1945)
The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular armed forces of Nazi Germany, from 1935 until it effectively ceased to exist in 1945 and then was formally dissolved in August 1946.
See Cold War and German Army (1935–1945)
German reunification
German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single full sovereign state, which took place between 9 November 1989 and 15 March 1991.
See Cold War and German reunification
German revolution of 1918–1919
The German revolution of 1918–1919, also known as the November Revolution (Novemberrevolution), was an uprising started by workers and soldiers in the final days of World War I. It quickly and almost bloodlessly brought down the German Empire, then in its more violent second stage, the supporters of a parliamentary republic were victorious over those who wanted a soviet-style council republic.
See Cold War and German revolution of 1918–1919
German–Soviet Axis talks
German–Soviet Axis talks occurred in October and November 1940, nominally concerning the Soviet Union's potential adherent as a fourth Axis power during World War II among other potential agreements.
See Cold War and German–Soviet Axis talks
Ghost Wars
Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001, abbreviated as Ghost Wars, is a book written by Steve Coll, published in 2004 by Penguin Press.
Glasnost
Glasnost (гласность) is a concept relating to openness and transparency.
Government of Ukraine
The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (translit; shortened to CabMin), commonly referred to as the Government of Ukraine (Уряд України, Uriad Ukrainy), is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine.
See Cold War and Government of Ukraine
Graham E. Fuller
Graham E. Fuller (born November 28, 1937) is an American author and political analyst, specializing in Islamist extremism.
See Cold War and Graham E. Fuller
Grand strategy
Grand strategy or high strategy is a state's strategy of how means (military and nonmilitary) can be used to advance and achieve national interests in the long-term.
See Cold War and Grand strategy
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.
See Cold War and Great Depression
Greek Civil War
The Greek Civil War (translit) took place from 1946 to 1949. Cold War and Greek Civil War are aftermath of World War II and wars involving the United States.
See Cold War and Greek Civil War
GRUNK
The Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (Gouvernement royal d'union nationale du Kampuchéa, GRUNK; រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលរួបរួមជាតិកម្ពុជា) was a government-in-exile of Cambodia, based in Beijing and Hong Kong, that was in existence between 1970 and 1976, and was briefly in control of the country starting from 1975.
Guatemala
Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America.
Guatemalan Civil War
The Guatemalan Civil War was a civil war in Guatemala fought from 1960 to 1996 between the government of Guatemala and various leftist rebel groups.
See Cold War and Guatemalan Civil War
Gulf of Tonkin incident
The Gulf of Tonkin incident (Sự kiện Vịnh Bắc Bộ) was an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War.
See Cold War and Gulf of Tonkin incident
Gulf War
The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States. Cold War and Gulf War are wars involving the United States.
Guyana
Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic mainland British West Indies. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the country's largest city.
Hafizullah Amin
Hafizullah Amin (حفيظ الله امين; 1 August 192927 December 1979) was an Afghan communist head of state, who served in that position for a little over three months, from September 1979 until his assassination.
See Cold War and Hafizullah Amin
Hard currency
In macroeconomics, hard currency, safe-haven currency, or strong currency is any globally traded currency that serves as a reliable and stable store of value.
See Cold War and Hard currency
Harold Macmillan
Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963.
See Cold War and Harold Macmillan
Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953.
See Cold War and Harry S. Truman
Héctor García-Godoy
Héctor Rafael García-Godoy Cáceres (Moca, January 11, 1921 – Santo Domingo, April 20, 1970) was a politician from the Dominican Republic.
See Cold War and Héctor García-Godoy
Hegemony
Hegemony is the political, economic, and military predominance of one state over other states, either regional or global. Cold War and Hegemony are geopolitical rivalry.
Helsinki Accords
The Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third phase of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland, between 30 July and 1 August 1975, following two years of negotiations known as the Helsinki Process.
See Cold War and Helsinki Accords
Henry Ford
Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate.
Henry Holt and Company
Henry Holt and Company is an American book-publishing company based in New York City.
See Cold War and Henry Holt and Company
Henry Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (May 27, 1923November 29, 2023) was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the United States secretary of state from 1973 to 1977 and national security advisor from 1969 to 1975, in the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
See Cold War and Henry Kissinger
Henry Morgenthau Jr.
Henry Morgenthau Jr. (May 11, 1891February 6, 1967) was the United States Secretary of the Treasury during most of the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
See Cold War and Henry Morgenthau Jr.
Herbert Bayard Swope
Herbert Bayard Swope Sr. (January 5, 1882 – June 20, 1958) was an American editor, journalist and intimate of the Algonquin Round Table.
See Cold War and Herbert Bayard Swope
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933.
See Cold War and Herbert Hoover
History of Germany (1945–1990)
The history of Germany from 1945 to 1990 comprises the period following World War II.
See Cold War and History of Germany (1945–1990)
History of military technology
The military funding of science has had a powerful transformative effect on the practice and products of scientific research since the early 20th century.
See Cold War and History of military technology
History of the Jews in the Soviet Union
The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Russian Empire conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
See Cold War and History of the Jews in the Soviet Union
History of the People's Republic of China
The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since 1 October 1949, when CCP chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen, after a near complete victory (1949) by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War.
See Cold War and History of the People's Republic of China
Ho Chi Minh trail
The Ho Chi Minh Trail, also called Annamite Range Trail was a logistical network of roads and trails that ran from North Vietnam to South Vietnam through the kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia.
See Cold War and Ho Chi Minh trail
Huế Phật Đản shootings
The Huế Phật Đản shootings were the deaths of nine unarmed Buddhist civilians on 8 May 1963 in the city of Huế, South Vietnam, at the hands of the army and security forces of the government of Ngô Đình Diệm, a Roman Catholic.
See Cold War and Huế Phật Đản shootings
Human capital flight
Human capital flight is the emigration or immigration of individuals who have received advanced training at home.
See Cold War and Human capital flight
Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)
Human intelligence (HUMINT, pronounced) is intelligence-gathering by means of human sources and interpersonal communication.
See Cold War and Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)
Human rights in the Soviet Union
Human rights in the Soviet Union were severely limited.
See Cold War and Human rights in the Soviet Union
Hungarian People's Republic
The Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság) was a one-party socialist state from 20 August 1949 to 23 October 1989.
See Cold War and Hungarian People's Republic
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 4 November 1956; 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was an attempted countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the policies caused by the government's subordination to the Soviet Union (USSR). Cold War and Hungarian Revolution of 1956 are wars involving the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Hungarian Revolution of 1956
Iceland
Iceland (Ísland) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe.
Ilta-Sanomat
the evening news is one of Finland's two prominent tabloid size evening newspapers and the second largest paper in the country.
Imre Nagy
Imre Nagy (7 June 1896 – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (de facto Prime Minister) of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1953 to 1955.
Imre Pozsgay
Imre András Pozsgay (Pozsgay Imre,; 26 November 1933 – 25 March 2016) was a Hungarian Communist politician who played a key role in Hungary's transition to democracy after 1988.
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
Large-scale killings and civil unrest primarily targeting members and supposed sympathizers of the Communist Party (PKI) were carried out in Indonesia from 1965 to 1966.
See Cold War and Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.
See Cold War and Intelligence agency
Inter-American Peace Force
The Inter-American Peace Force (IAPF) (Spanish: Fuerza Interamericana de Paz, FIP) was a peacekeeping force in the Dominican Republic from several countries from the Americas that was formed towards the end of the Dominican Civil War. Cold War and Inter-American Peace Force are wars involving the United States.
See Cold War and Inter-American Peace Force
Inter-Asia Cultural Studies
Inter-Asia Cultural Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal with the aim of enhancing the communication and exchange between inter-Asia and other regions of the cultural studies world.
See Cold War and Inter-Asia Cultural Studies
Intercontinental ballistic missile
An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than, primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads).
See Cold War and Intercontinental ballistic missile
Interfax-Ukraine
Interfax-Ukraine (Інтерфакс-Україна) is a Ukrainian news agency.
See Cold War and Interfax-Ukraine
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) was an arms control treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union (and its successor state, the Russian Federation).
See Cold War and Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
International Civil Aviation Organization
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.
See Cold War and International Civil Aviation Organization
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty that commits nations to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial.
See Cold War and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
International organization
An international organization, also known as an intergovernmental organization or an international institution, is an organization that is established by a treaty or other type of instrument governed by international law and possesses its own legal personality, such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and NATO.
See Cold War and International organization
Iran–Contra affair
The Iran–Contra affair (ماجرای ایران-کنترا; Caso Irán-Contra), often referred to as the Iran–Contra scandal and more rarely as the Iran Initiative, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan administration.
See Cold War and Iran–Contra affair
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.
See Cold War and Iranian Revolution
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.
Iron Curtain
During the Cold War, the Iron Curtain was a political metaphor used to describe the political and later physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. Cold War and Iron Curtain are 1940s neologisms and aftermath of World War II.
Islamism
Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an ongoing military and political conflict about land and self-determination within the territory of the former Mandatory Palestine. Cold War and Israeli–Palestinian conflict are 20th-century conflicts.
See Cold War and Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Italian Communist Party
The Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy.
See Cold War and Italian Communist Party
Italian Socialist Party
The Italian Socialist Party (PSI) was a social-democratic and democratic-socialist political party in Italy, whose history stretched for longer than a century, making it one of the longest-living parties of the country.
See Cold War and Italian Socialist Party
Jackson–Vanik amendment
The Jackson–Vanik amendment to the Trade Act of 1974 is a 1974 provision in United States federal law intended to affect U.S. trade relations with countries with non-market economies (originally, countries of the Soviet Bloc) that restrict freedom of Jewish emigration and other human rights.
See Cold War and Jackson–Vanik amendment
Jacobo Árbenz
Juan Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán (14 September 191327 January 1971) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the 25th president of Guatemala.
See Cold War and Jacobo Árbenz
Jakarta
Jakarta, officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta) and formerly known as Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia.
James Baker
James Addison Baker III (born April 28, 1930) is an American attorney, diplomat and statesman.
James Burnham
James Burnham (November 22, 1905 – July 28, 1987) was an American philosopher and political theorist.
See Cold War and James Burnham
James F. Byrnes
James Francis Byrnes (May 2, 1882 – April 9, 1972) was an American judge and politician from South Carolina.
See Cold War and James F. Byrnes
January Events
The January Events (Sausio įvykiai) were a series of violent confrontations between the civilian population of Lithuania, supporting independence, and the Soviet Armed Forces.
See Cold War and January Events
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.
Jeep
Jeep is an American automobile brand, now owned by multi-national corporation Stellantis.
Jihad
Jihad (jihād) is an Arabic word which literally means "exerting", "striving", or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim.
Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981.
JMWAVE
JMWAVE or JM/WAVE or JM WAVE was the codename for a major secret United States covert operations and intelligence gathering station operated by the Central Intelligence Agency from 1961 until 1968.
Joaquín Balaguer
Joaquín Antonio Balaguer Ricardo (1 September 1906 – 14 July 2002) was a Dominican politician, scholar, writer, and lawyer.
See Cold War and Joaquín Balaguer
João Goulart
João Belchior Marques Goulart (1 March 1919 – 6 December 1976), commonly known as Jango, was a Brazilian politician who served as the 24th president of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on 1 April 1964.
John A. Garraty
John Arthur Garraty (July 4, 1920 – December 19, 2007) was an American historian and biographer.
See Cold War and John A. Garraty
John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.
See Cold War and John F. Kennedy
John Foster Dulles
John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) was an American politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as United States secretary of state under president Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 until his resignation in 1959.
See Cold War and John Foster Dulles
John K. Cooley
John Kent Cooley (November 25, 1927 – August 6, 2008) was an American journalist and author who specialized in islamist groups and the Middle East.
See Cold War and John K. Cooley
John Lewis Gaddis
John Lewis Gaddis (born April 2, 1941) is an American military historian, political scientist, and writer.
See Cold War and John Lewis Gaddis
John Patrick Diggins
John Patrick Diggins (April 1, 1935 – January 28, 2009) was an American professor of history at the University of California, Irvine, Princeton University, and the City University of New York Graduate Center.
See Cold War and John Patrick Diggins
Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
The Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations of January 1, 1979, established official relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China (commonly called "China").
See Cold War and Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
Joint warfare in South Vietnam, 1963–1969
During the Cold War in the 1960s, the United States and South Vietnam began a period of gradual escalation and direct intervention referred to as the "Americanization" of joint warfare in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Cold War and joint warfare in South Vietnam, 1963–1969 are wars involving the Soviet Union and wars involving the United States.
See Cold War and Joint warfare in South Vietnam, 1963–1969
Joseph Kasa-Vubu
Joseph Kasa-Vubu, alternatively Joseph Kasavubu, (– 24 March 1969) was a Congolese politician who served as the first President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the Republic of the Congo until 1964) from 1960 until 1965.
See Cold War and Joseph Kasa-Vubu
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.
See Cold War and Joseph Stalin
Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz (Јосип Броз,; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (Тито), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980.
See Cold War and Josip Broz Tito
Juan Bosch (politician)
Juan Emilio Bosch y Gaviño (30 June 1909 – 1 November 2001) was a Dominican politician, historian, writer, essayist, educator, and the first democratically elected president of the Dominican Republic for a brief time in 1963.
See Cold War and Juan Bosch (politician)
Junta of National Reconstruction
The Junta of National Reconstruction (Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucción Nacional) was the provisional government of Nicaragua from the fall of the Somoza dictatorship in July 1979 until January 1985, with the election of Sandinista National Liberation Front’s Daniel Ortega as president.
See Cold War and Junta of National Reconstruction
Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation
The Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation (KUFNS; រណសិរ្សសាមគ្គីសង្គ្រោះជាតិកម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: Rônâsĕrs Samôkki Sângkrŏăh Chéatĕ Kâmpŭchéa; Front uni national pour le salut du Kampuchéa, FUNSK) often simply referred to as Salvation Front, was the nucleus of a new Cambodian regime that would topple the Khmer Rouge and later establish the People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK).
See Cold War and Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation
Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic
The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish SSR), also called Soviet Karelia or simply known as Karelia, was a republic of the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic
Karl von Habsburg
Karl Habsburg (given names: Karl Thomas Robert Maria Franziskus Georg Bahnam; born 11 January 1961) is an Austrian politician and the head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, the former royal house of the defunct Austro-Hungarian thrones.
See Cold War and Karl von Habsburg
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Kazakhstan, the Kazakh SSR, or simply Kazakhstan, was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991.
See Cold War and Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
KGB
The Committee for State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (KGB)) was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 13 March 1954 until 3 December 1991.
See Cold War and KGB
Khalq
Khalq (خلق) was a faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).
Khmer Rouge
The Khmer Rouge (ខ្មែរក្រហម) is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.
Killing Fields
The Killing Fields (វាលពិឃាត) are sites in Cambodia where collectively more than 1.3 million people were killed and buried by the Communist Party of Kampuchea during Khmer Rouge rule from 1975-79, immediately after the end of the Cambodian Civil War (1970–75).
See Cold War and Killing Fields
Kim Il Sung
Kim Il Sung (born Kim Sung Ju; 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was a North Korean politician and the founder of North Korea, which he led as Supreme Leader from the country's establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994. Afterwards, he was succeeded by his son Kim Jong Il and was declared Eternal President.
Kim Philby
Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 191211 May 1988) was a British intelligence officer and a spy for the Soviet Union.
Kirov, Kirov Oblast
Kirov (Киров) is the largest city and administrative center of Kirov Oblast, Russia.
See Cold War and Kirov, Kirov Oblast
Konrad Adenauer
Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1963.
See Cold War and Konrad Adenauer
Konstantin Chernenko
Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (24 September 1911 – 10 March 1985) was a Soviet politician and the seventh General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Konstantin Chernenko
Korea under Japanese rule
From 1910 to 1945, Korea was ruled as a part of the Empire of Japan under the name Chōsen (Hanja: 朝鮮, Korean: 조선), the Japanese reading of Joseon.
See Cold War and Korea under Japanese rule
Korean Air Lines Flight 007
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (KE007/KAL007)The flight number KAL 007 was used by air traffic control, while the public flight booking system used KE 007 was a scheduled Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage, Alaska.
See Cold War and Korean Air Lines Flight 007
Korean Armistice Agreement
The Korean Armistice Agreement (한국정전협정 / 조선정전협정; t) is an armistice that brought about a cessation of hostilities of the Korean War.
See Cold War and Korean Armistice Agreement
Korean People's Army
The Korean People's Army (KPA) encompasses the combined military forces of North Korea and the armed wing of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK).
See Cold War and Korean People's Army
Korean War
The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea; it began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea and ceased upon an armistice on 27 July 1953. Cold War and Korean War are aftermath of World War II, wars involving the Soviet Union and wars involving the United States.
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949.
Kurdish separatism in Iran
Kurdish separatism in Iran or the Kurdish–Iranian conflict is an ongoing, long-running, separatist dispute between the Kurdish opposition in Western Iran and the governments of Iran, lasting since the emergence of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1918.
See Cold War and Kurdish separatism in Iran
Kyiv Post
The Kyiv Post is the oldest English-language newspaper in Ukraine, founded in October 1995 by Jed Sunden.
Larry McDonald
Lawrence Patton McDonald (April 1, 1935 – September 1, 1983) was an American physician, politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Democrat from 1975 until he was killed while a passenger on board Korean Air Lines Flight 007 when it was shot down by Soviet interceptors.
See Cold War and Larry McDonald
Latin America
Latin America often refers to the regions in the Americas in which Romance languages are the main languages and the culture and Empires of its peoples have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural impact.
See Cold War and Latin America
Latvia
Latvia (Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.
Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (Latvian SSR), also known as Soviet Latvia or simply Latvia, was de facto one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1940–1941 and 1944–1990.
See Cold War and Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
Latvian War of Independence
The Latvian War of Independence (Latvijas Neatkarības karš), sometimes called Latvia's freedom battles (Latvijas brīvības cīņas) or the Latvian War of Liberation (Latvijas atbrīvošanas karš), was a series of military conflicts in Latvia between 5 December 1918, after the newly proclaimed Republic of Latvia was invaded by Soviet Russia, and the signing of the Latvian-Soviet Riga Peace Treaty on 11 August 1920.
See Cold War and Latvian War of Independence
Lavrentiy Beria
Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (p; ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია, Lavrenti Pavles dze Beria; – 23 December 1953) was a Soviet politician and one of the longest-serving and most influential of Joseph Stalin's secret police chiefs, serving as head of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) from 1938 to 1946, during the country's involvement in the Second World War.
See Cold War and Lavrentiy Beria
League of Nations
The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
See Cold War and League of Nations
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990.
See Cold War and Lebanese Civil War
Left-wing politics
Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy as a whole or certain social hierarchies.
See Cold War and Left-wing politics
Lend-Lease
Lend-Lease, formally the Lend-Lease Act and introduced as An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, in Milestone Documents, National Archives of the United States, Washington, D.C., retrieved February 8, 2024; (notes: "Passed on March 11, 1941, this act set up a system that would allow the United States to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed 'vital to the defense of the United States.'"; contains photo of the original bill, H.R.
Lend-Lease Sherman tanks
The United States provided tens of thousands of its Medium Tank M4, also named the Sherman, to many of its Allies during the Second World War, under the terms of Lend-Lease. Cold War and Lend-Lease Sherman tanks are soviet Union–United States military relations.
See Cold War and Lend-Lease Sherman tanks
Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (19 December 1906– 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 until his death in 1982, and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1977 to 1982.
See Cold War and Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Krasin
Leonid Borisovich Krasin (Леонид Борисович Красин; – 24 November 1926) was a Russian Soviet politician, engineer, social entrepreneur, Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet diplomat.
See Cold War and Leonid Krasin
LGM-118 Peacekeeper
The LGM-118 Peacekeeper, originally known as the MX for "Missile, Experimental", was a MIRV-capable intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) produced and deployed by the United States from 1985 to 2005.
See Cold War and LGM-118 Peacekeeper
Liberal democracy
Liberal democracy, western-style democracy, or substantive democracy is a form of government that combines the organization of a representative democracy with ideas of liberal political philosophy.
See Cold War and Liberal democracy
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.
See Cold War and Library of Congress
List of countries and territories where English is an official language
The following is a list of countries and territories where English is an official language used in citizen interactions with government officials.
See Cold War and List of countries and territories where English is an official language
List of countries with highest military expenditures
This is a list of countries with the highest military expenditure in a given year.
See Cold War and List of countries with highest military expenditures
List of statues of Vladimir Lenin
This article is a list of current and former known monuments of Vladimir Lenin.
See Cold War and List of statues of Vladimir Lenin
Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian SSR; Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika; Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known as Soviet Lithuania or simply Lithuania, was de facto one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1940–1941 and 1944–1990.
See Cold War and Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Lithuanian–Soviet War
The Lithuanian–Soviet War or Lithuanian–Bolshevik War (karas su bolševikais) was fought between newly independent Lithuania and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in the aftermath of World War I. It was part of the larger Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919.
See Cold War and Lithuanian–Soviet War
Lon Nol
Marshal Lon Nol (លន់ នល់, also លន់ ណុល; 13 November 1913 – 17 November 1985) was a Cambodian politician and general who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia twice (1966–67; 1969–71), as well as serving repeatedly as defence minister and provincial governor.
Lustration
Lustration in Central and Eastern Europe is the official public procedure of scrutinizing a public official or a candidate for public office in terms of their history as a witting confidential collaborator (informant) of relevant former communist secret police, an activity widely condemned by the public opinion of those states as morally corrupt due to its essential role in suppressing political opposition and enabling persecution of dissidents.
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969.
See Cold War and Lyndon B. Johnson
M1 Abrams
The M1 Abrams is a third-generation American main battle tank designed by Chrysler Defense (now General Dynamics Land Systems) and named for General Creighton Abrams.
M3 Lee
The M3 Lee, officially Medium Tank, M3, was an American medium tank used during World War II.
Mainland Southeast Asia
Mainland Southeast Asia (also known Indochina or the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia.
See Cold War and Mainland Southeast Asia
Malta Summit
The Malta Summit was a meeting between United States President George H. W. Bush and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev on December 2–3, 1989, just a few weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Manado
Manado (Wenang) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of North Sulawesi.
Manchuria
Manchuria is a term that refers to a region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China, and historically parts of the modern-day Russian Far East, often referred to as Outer Manchuria.
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development program undertaken during World War II to produce the first nuclear weapons.
See Cold War and Manhattan Project
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Marcelo Caetano
Marcelo José das Neves Alves Caetano (17 August 1906 – 26 October 1980) was a Portuguese politician and scholar.
See Cold War and Marcelo Caetano
Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman and Conservative politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.
See Cold War and Margaret Thatcher
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe.
See Cold War and Marshall Plan
Martial law in Poland
Martial law in Poland (Stan wojenny w Polsce) existed between 13 December 1981 and 22 July 1983.
See Cold War and Martial law in Poland
Martin Shaw (sociologist)
Martin Shaw (born 30 June 1947 in Driffield, Yorkshire, England) is a British sociologist and academic.
See Cold War and Martin Shaw (sociologist)
Marxism–Leninism
Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution.
See Cold War and Marxism–Leninism
Mass media
Mass media include the diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication.
Mass media in Russia
Television, magazines, and newspapers have all been operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues.
See Cold War and Mass media in Russia
Mass murder
Mass murder is the violent crime of killing a number of people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity.
Massive retaliation
Massive retaliation, also known as a massive response or massive deterrence, is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack. Cold War and massive retaliation are nuclear warfare.
See Cold War and Massive retaliation
Masyumi Party
The Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations Party (Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia), better known as the Masyumi Party, was a major Islamic political party in Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia.
See Cold War and Masyumi Party
Max Frankel
Max Frankel (born April 3, 1930) is an American journalist.
Maxim Litvinov
Maxim Maximovich Litvinov (born Meir Henoch Wallach-Finkelstein; 17 July 1876 – 31 December 1951) was a Russian revolutionary and prominent Soviet statesman and diplomat who served as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs from 1930 to 1939.
See Cold War and Maxim Litvinov
Mátyás Rákosi
Mátyás Rákosi (born Mátyás Rosenfeld; 9 March 1892 – 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian communist politician who was the de facto leader of Hungary from 1947 to 1956.
See Cold War and Mátyás Rákosi
McCarran Internal Security Act
The Internal Security Act of 1950, (Public Law 81-831), also known as the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950, the McCarran Act after its principal sponsor Sen.
See Cold War and McCarran Internal Security Act
McCarthyism
McCarthyism, also known as the Second Red Scare, was the political repression and persecution of left-wing individuals and a campaign spreading fear of communist and Soviet influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage in the United States during the late 1940s through the 1950s.
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Cold War and Mediterranean Sea
Mengistu Haile Mariam
Mengistu Haile Mariam (መንግሥቱ ኀይለ ማርያም, pronunciation:; born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian former politician and former military officer who was the head of state of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991 and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia from 1984 to 1991.
See Cold War and Mengistu Haile Mariam
Mennonites
Mennonites are a group of Anabaptist Christian communities tracing their roots to the epoch of the Radical Reformation.
Metacritic
Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of films, television shows, music albums, video games, and formerly books.
MGM-31 Pershing
The MGM-31A Pershing was the missile used in the Pershing 1 and Pershing 1a field artillery missile systems.
See Cold War and MGM-31 Pershing
Michael Cox (academic)
Michael E. Cox (born March 1947) is a British academic and international relations scholar.
See Cold War and Michael Cox (academic)
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.
See Cold War and Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Suslov
Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov (Михаи́л Андре́евич Су́слов; 25 January 1982) was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War.
See Cold War and Mikhail Suslov
Military Assistance Advisory Group
A Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) is a designation for a group of United States military advisors sent to other countries to assist in the training of conventional armed forces and facilitate military aid.
See Cold War and Military Assistance Advisory Group
Military budget
A military budget (or military expenditure), also known as a defense budget, is the amount of financial resources dedicated by a state to raising and maintaining an armed forces or other methods essential for defense purposes.
See Cold War and Military budget
Military deployment
Military deployment is the movement of armed forces and their logistical support infrastructure around the world.
See Cold War and Military deployment
Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship, or a military regime, is a type of dictatorship in which power is held by one or more military officers.
See Cold War and Military dictatorship
Military occupations by the Soviet Union
During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed several countries effectively handed over by Nazi Germany in the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939.
See Cold War and Military occupations by the Soviet Union
Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require.
See Cold War and Military organization
Military–industrial complex
The expression military–industrial complex (MIC) describes the relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy.
See Cold War and Military–industrial complex
Milovan Djilas
Milovan Djilas (Milovan Đilas,; 12 June 1911 – 20 April 1995) was a Yugoslav communist politician, theorist and author.
See Cold War and Milovan Djilas
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MFA Russia; Министерство иностранныхдел Российской Федерации, МИД РФ) is the central government institution charged with leading the foreign policy and foreign relations of Russia.
See Cold War and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (Ministerstvo vnutrishnikh sprav Ukrainy, MVS) is the ministry of the Ukrainian government that oversees the interior affairs of Ukraine.
See Cold War and Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)
Mobutu Sese Seko
Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa za Banga (born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997), often shortened to Mobutu Sese Seko or Mobutu and also known by his initials MSS, was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the 1st and only President of Zaire from 1971 to 1997.
See Cold War and Mobutu Sese Seko
Modern liberalism in the United States
Modern liberalism in the United States is based on the combined ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice.
See Cold War and Modern liberalism in the United States
Mohammad Mosaddegh
Mohammad Mosaddegh (محمد مصدق,; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 30th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, elected by the 16th Majlis.
See Cold War and Mohammad Mosaddegh
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), commonly referred to in the Western world as Mohammad Reza Shah, or just simply The Shah, was the last monarch of Iran.
See Cold War and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic or Moldavian SSR (Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ), also known as the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan SSR, Soviet Moldavia, Soviet Moldova, or simply Moldavia or Moldova, was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991.
See Cold War and Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Mole (espionage)
In espionage jargon, a mole (also called a "penetration agent", "deep cover agent", "illegal" or "sleeper agent") is a long-term spy (espionage agent) who is recruited before having access to secret intelligence, subsequently managing to get into the target organization.
See Cold War and Mole (espionage)
Molotov Plan
The Molotov Plan was the system created by the Soviet Union in 1947 in order to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet Union.
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.
See Cold War and Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
Moneron Island
Moneron Island, (Монерон, Kaibato, label, Ainu: Todomoshiri) is a small island off Sakhalin Island.
See Cold War and Moneron Island
Moon landing
A Moon landing or lunar landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon, including both crewed and robotic missions.
Morgenthau Plan
The Morgenthau Plan was a proposal to weaken Germany following World War II by eliminating its arms industry and removing or destroying other key industries basic to military strength.
See Cold War and Morgenthau Plan
Moscow Summit (1988)
The Moscow Summit was a summit meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev.
See Cold War and Moscow Summit (1988)
Most favoured nation
In international economic relations and international politics, most favoured nation (MFN) is a status or level of treatment accorded by one state to another in international trade.
See Cold War and Most favoured nation
Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy
The Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, also called the Moynihan Commission, after its chairman, U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, was a bipartisan statutory commission in the United States.
See Cold War and Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy
MPLA
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, abbr. MPLA), from 1977–1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party, is an Angolan social democratic political party.
Mujahideen
Mujahideen, or Mujahidin (mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad, interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).
Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was an agreement reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy.
See Cold War and Munich Agreement
Murder of the Romanov family
The Russian Imperial Romanov family (Nicholas II of Russia, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, and their five children: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei) were shot and bayoneted to death by Bolshevik revolutionaries under Yakov Yurovsky on the orders of the Ural Regional Soviet in Yekaterinburg on the night of 16–17 July 1918.
See Cold War and Murder of the Romanov family
National Academies Press
The US National Academies Press (NAP) was created to publish the reports issued by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, and the National Research Council.
See Cold War and National Academies Press
National anthem of Russia
The "State Anthem of the Russian Federation" is the national anthem of Russia.
See Cold War and National anthem of Russia
National Committee of Defense Against Communism
The National Committee of Defense Against Communism (Comité Nacional de Defensa contra El Comunismo) was a committee formed on 19 July 1954 in Guatemala by president Carlos Castillo at the request of the United States Central Intelligence Agency.
See Cold War and National Committee of Defense Against Communism
National Geographic Society
The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world.
See Cold War and National Geographic Society
National Liberation Front of Angola
The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independence, under the leadership of Holden Roberto.
See Cold War and National Liberation Front of Angola
National Security Act of 1947
The National Security Act of 1947 (Pub.L., 61 Stat., enacted July 26, 1947) was a law enacting major restructuring of the United States government's military and intelligence agencies following World War II.
See Cold War and National Security Act of 1947
National Security Archive
The National Security Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-governmental, non-profit research and archival institution located on the campus of the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1985 to check rising government secrecy.
See Cold War and National Security Archive
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
Nazism
Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.
Near East
The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt.
Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism, also neo-liberalism, is both a political philosophy and a term used to signify the late-20th-century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism.
See Cold War and Neoliberalism
Neutral country
A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO).
See Cold War and Neutral country
New Look (policy)
The New Look was the name given to the national security policy of the United States during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
See Cold War and New Look (policy)
New Union Treaty
The New Union Treaty (Novyy soyuznyy dogovor) was a draft treaty that would have replaced the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) to salvage and reform the USSR.
See Cold War and New Union Treaty
New York University Press
New York University Press (or NYU Press) is a university press that is part of New York University.
See Cold War and New York University Press
New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Ngo Dinh Diem
Ngô Đình Diệm (or;; 3 January 1901 – 2 November 1963) was a South Vietnamese politician who was the final prime minister of the State of Vietnam (1954–1955) and later the first president of South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) from 1955 until his capture and assassination during the CIA-backed 1963 South Vietnamese coup.
See Cold War and Ngo Dinh Diem
Nicaraguan Revolution
The Nicaraguan Revolution (Revolución Nicaragüense or Revolución Popular Sandinista) began with rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the ouster of the dictatorship in 1978–79, and the Contra War, fought between the government and the Contras from 1981 to 1990.
See Cold War and Nicaraguan Revolution
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers (premier) from 1958 to 1964.
See Cold War and Nikita Khrushchev
Nikolai Novikov (diplomat)
Nikolai Vasilyevich Novikov (Никола́й Васи́льевич Но́виков; 7 February 1903 – 1989) was a Soviet diplomat born in Saint Petersburg.
See Cold War and Nikolai Novikov (diplomat)
Nikolai Podgorny
Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny (– 12 January 1983) was a Soviet statesman who served as the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the head of state of the Soviet Union, from 1965 to 1977.
See Cold War and Nikolai Podgorny
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod is the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Volga Federal District in Russia.
See Cold War and Nizhny Novgorod
Nomenklatura
The nomenklatura (a; from nomenclatura, system of names) were a category of people within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in the bureaucracy, running all spheres of those countries' activity: government, industry, agriculture, education, etc., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region.
Nordic countries
The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or Norden) are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic.
See Cold War and Nordic countries
Norodom Sihanouk
Norodom Sihanouk (31 October 192215 October 2012) was a member of the Cambodian royal house who led the country as King and Prime Minister.
See Cold War and Norodom Sihanouk
North Atlantic Treaty
The North Atlantic Treaty forms the legal basis of, and is implemented by, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
See Cold War and North Atlantic Treaty
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa; chữ Nôm: 越南民主共和), was a socialist state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1945 to 1976, with formal sovereignty being fully recognized in 1954.
See Cold War and North Vietnam
NSC 68
United States Objectives and Programs for National Security, better known as NSC68, was a 66-page top secret U.S. National Security Council (NSC) policy paper drafted by the Department of State and Department of Defense and presented to President Harry S. Truman on 7 April 1950.
Nuclear arms race
The nuclear arms race was an arms race competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. Cold War and nuclear arms race are geopolitical rivalry.
See Cold War and Nuclear arms race
Nuclear disarmament
Nuclear disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons.
See Cold War and Nuclear disarmament
Nuclear warfare
Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Cold War and nuclear warfare are 20th-century conflicts.
See Cold War and Nuclear warfare
Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion.
See Cold War and Nuclear weapon
Nuclear weapons testing
Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the performance, yield, and effects of nuclear weapons and have resulted until 2020 in up to 2.4 million people dying from its global fallout.
See Cold War and Nuclear weapons testing
Nuon Chea
Nuon Chea (នួន ជា; born Lao Kim Lorn; 7 July 1926 – 4 August 2019), also known as Long Bunruot (ឡុង ប៊ុនរត្ន) or Rungloet Laodi (រុងឡឺត ឡាវឌី รุ่งเลิศ เหล่าดี), was a Cambodian communist politician and revolutionary who was the chief ideologist of the Khmer Rouge.
Nur Muhammad Taraki
Nur Muhammad Taraki (14 July 1917 – 9 October 1979) was an Afghan revolutionary communist politician, journalist and writer.
See Cold War and Nur Muhammad Taraki
Oblasts of Ukraine
An oblast (oblast) in Ukraine, sometimes translated as region or province, is the main type of first-level administrative division of the country.
See Cold War and Oblasts of Ukraine
Occidental Petroleum
Occidental Petroleum Corporation (often abbreviated Oxy in reference to its ticker symbol and logo) is an American company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration in the United States and the Middle East as well as petrochemical manufacturing in the United States, Canada, and Chile.
See Cold War and Occidental Petroleum
Occupation of Japan
Japan was occupied and administered by the Allies of World War II from the surrender of the Empire of Japan on September 2, 1945, at the war's end until the Treaty of San Francisco took effect on April 28, 1952.
See Cold War and Occupation of Japan
Occupation of the Baltic states
The occupation of the Baltic states was a period of annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania begun by the Soviet Union in 1940, continued for three years by Nazi Germany after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, and finally resumed by the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991.
See Cold War and Occupation of the Baltic states
October Revolution
The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup,, britannica.com Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.
See Cold War and October Revolution
Odd Arne Westad
Odd Arne Westad FBA (born 5 January 1960) is a Norwegian historian specializing in the Cold War and contemporary East Asian history.
See Cold War and Odd Arne Westad
OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
Ogaden
Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled Ogadēn; Ogaadeen, ውጋዴ/ውጋዴን) is one of the historical names used for the modern Somali Region which forms the eastern portion of Ethiopia and borders Somalia.
Ogaden War
The Ogaden War, also known as the Ethio-Somali War (ye’ītiyop’iya somalīya t’orinet), was a military conflict fought between Somalia and Ethiopia from July 1977 to March 1978 over the sovereignty of Ogaden. Cold War and Ogaden War are wars involving the Soviet Union.
Oleg Kalugin
Oleg Danilovich Kalugin (Олег Данилович Калугин; born 6 September 1934) is a former KGB general (stripped of his rank and awards by a Russian Court decision in 2002).
OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing and oil-dependent countries in order to collectively influence the global oil market and maximize profit.
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
See Cold War and Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barrel Roll
Operation Barrel Roll was a covert U.S. Air Force 2nd Air Division and U.S. Navy Task Force 77, interdiction and close air support campaign conducted in the Kingdom of Laos between 5 March 1964 and 29 March 1973 concurrent with the Vietnam War.
See Cold War and Operation Barrel Roll
Operation Condor
Operation Condor (Operação Condor; Operación Cóndor) was a campaign of political repression involving intelligence operations, coups, and assassinations of left-wing sympathizers, liberals and democrats and their families in South America which formally existed from 1975 to 1983.
See Cold War and Operation Condor
Operation Freedom Deal
Operation Freedom Deal was a military campaign led by the United States Seventh Air Force, taking place in Cambodia between 19 May 1970 and 15 August 1973. Part of the larger Vietnam War and the Cambodian Civil War, the goal of the operation was to provide air support and interdiction in the region. Launched by President Richard Nixon as a follow-up to the earlier ground invasion during the Cambodian Campaign, the initial targets of the operation were the base areas and border sanctuaries of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (VC).
See Cold War and Operation Freedom Deal
Operation Gladio
Operation Gladio was the codename for clandestine "stay-behind" operations of armed resistance that were organized by the Western Union (WU) (founded in 1948), and subsequently by NATO (formed in 1949) and by the CIA (established in 1947), in collaboration with several European intelligence agencies during the Cold War. Cold War and operation Gladio are history of NATO.
See Cold War and Operation Gladio
Operation Menu
Operation Menu was a covert United States Strategic Air Command (SAC) tactical bombing campaign conducted in eastern Cambodia from 18 March 1969 to 26 May 1970 as part of both the Vietnam War and the Cambodian Civil War.
See Cold War and Operation Menu
Operation Mongoose
The Cuban Project, also known as Operation Mongoose, was an extensive campaign of terrorist attacks against civilians, and covert operations, carried out by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency in Cuba.
See Cold War and Operation Mongoose
Operation Pokpung
Operation Pokpung was the military invasion of the Republic of Korea (ROK) by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) that triggered the Korean War.
See Cold War and Operation Pokpung
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War began with demonstrations in 1965 against the escalating role of the United States in the Vietnam War.
See Cold War and Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia.
See Cold War and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Organization of American States
The Organization of American States (OAS or OEA; Organización de los Estados Americanos; Organização dos Estados Americanos; Organisation des États américains) is an international organization founded on 30 April 1948 to promote cooperation among its member states within the Americas.
See Cold War and Organization of American States
Ostpolitik
Neue Ostpolitik (German for "new eastern policy"), or Ostpolitik for short, was the normalization of relations between the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, or West Germany) and Eastern Europe, particularly the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany) beginning in 1969.
Otto von Habsburg
Otto von Habsburg (Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius, Ferenc József Ottó Róbert Mária Antal Károly Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Lajos Gaetan Pius Ignác; 20 November 1912 4 July 2011) was the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary from 1916 until the dissolution of the empire in November 1918.
See Cold War and Otto von Habsburg
Outline of the Cold War
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Cold War: Cold War – period of political and military tension that occurred after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact).
See Cold War and Outline of the Cold War
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Cold War and Oxford University Press
Pactomania
Pactomania is a term originally created to describe the period between 1945 and 1955, during which the United States concluded or ratified a significant amount of alliances, treaties, and pacts.
Padang
Padang is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of West Sumatra.
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people; i.e. the globally dispersed population, not just those in the Palestinian territories who are represented by the Palestinian Authority.
See Cold War and Palestine Liberation Organization
Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.
See Cold War and Palgrave Macmillan
Pan-European Picnic
The Pan-European Picnic (Paneuropäisches Picknick; páneurópai piknik; Paneurópsky piknik; Czech: Panevropský piknik) was a peace demonstration held on the Austrian-Hungarian border near Sopron, Hungary on 19 August 1989.
See Cold War and Pan-European Picnic
Paneuropean Union
The International Paneuropean Union, also referred to as the Pan-European Movement and the Pan-Europa Movement, is an international organisation and the oldest European unification movement.
See Cold War and Paneuropean Union
Parcham
Parcham (Pashto and Dari: پرچم) was the more moderate socialist faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) led by Afghan communist politician Babrak Karmal.
Patrice Lumumba
Patrice Émery Lumumba (2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961), born Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa, was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then known as the Republic of the Congo) from June until September 1960, following the May 1960 election.
See Cold War and Patrice Lumumba
Paul Nitze
Paul Henry Nitze (January 16, 1907 – October 19, 2004) was an American businessman and government official who served as United States Deputy Secretary of Defense, U.S. Secretary of the Navy, and Director of Policy Planning for the U.S. State Department.
PBS
The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.
See Cold War and PBS
Peace movement
A peace movement is a social movement which seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or wars) or minimizing inter-human violence in a particular place or situation.
See Cold War and Peace movement
Peaceful coexistence
Peaceful coexistence (translit) was a theory, developed and applied by the Soviet Union at various points during the Cold War in the context of primarily Marxist–Leninist foreign policy and adopted by Soviet-allied socialist states, according to which the Socialist Bloc could peacefully coexist with the capitalist bloc (i.e., U.S.-allied states).
See Cold War and Peaceful coexistence
Pearson Education
Pearson Education, known since 2011 as simply Pearson, is the educational publishing and services subsidiary of the international corporation Pearson plc.
See Cold War and Pearson Education
Pen and Sword Books
Pen and Sword Books, also stylised as Pen & Sword, is a British publisher which specialises in printing and distributing books in both hardback and softback on military history, militaria and other niche subjects, primarily focused on the United Kingdom.
See Cold War and Pen and Sword Books
Penguin Group
Penguin Group is a British trade book publisher and part of Penguin Random House, which is owned by the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
See Cold War and Penguin Group
People's Army of Vietnam
The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), officially the Vietnam People's Army (VPA; of Vietnam), also recognized as the Vietnamese Army (lit) or the People's Army (Quân đội Nhân dân), is the national military force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the armed wing of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV).
See Cold War and People's Army of Vietnam
People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was a Marxist–Leninist political party in Afghanistan established on 1 January 1965.
See Cold War and People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) was a socialist state that existed in Ethiopia and present-day Eritrea from 1987 to 1991.
See Cold War and People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
People's Liberation Army
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China.
See Cold War and People's Liberation Army
People's Progressive Party/Civic
The People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C) is a major political party in Guyana.
See Cold War and People's Progressive Party/Civic
People's Republic of Angola
The People's Republic of Angola was the self-declared socialist state which governed Angola from its independence in 1975 until 25 August 1992, during the Angolan Civil War.
See Cold War and People's Republic of Angola
People's Republic of Bulgaria
The People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB; Народна република България (НРБ), Narodna republika Bŭlgariya, NRB) was the official name of Bulgaria when it was a socialist republic from 1946 to 1990, ruled by the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) together with its coalition partner, the Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union.
See Cold War and People's Republic of Bulgaria
People's Republic of Korea
The People's Republic of Korea (PRK) was a short-lived provisional government that was organized at the time of the surrender of the Empire of Japan at the end of World War II.
See Cold War and People's Republic of Korea
People's Republic of Mozambique
The People's Republic of Mozambique (Portuguese: República Popular de Moçambique) was a socialist state that existed in present-day Mozambique from 1975 to 1990.
See Cold War and People's Republic of Mozambique
People's Socialist Republic of Albania
The People's Socialist Republic of Albania (Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë), officially the People's Republic of Albania from 1946 until 1976, and from 1991 to 1992 as the Republic of Albania, was the one-party communist state in Albania from 1946 to 1991.
See Cold War and People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Percentages agreement
The percentages agreement was a secret informal agreement between British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin during the Fourth Moscow Conference in October 1944.
See Cold War and Percentages agreement
Perestroika
Perestroika (a) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.
Permesta
Permesta was a rebel movement in Indonesia that was declared on 2 March 1957 by civil and military leaders in East Indonesia.
Petro Poroshenko
Petro Oleksiiovych Poroshenko (born 26 September 1965) is a Ukrainian oligarch and politician who served as the fifth president of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019.
See Cold War and Petro Poroshenko
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
Planned economy
A planned economy is a type of economic system where the distribution of goods and services or the investment, production and the allocation of capital goods takes place according to economic plans that are either economy-wide or limited to a category of goods and services.
See Cold War and Planned economy
Pluto Press
Pluto Press is a British independent book publisher based in London, founded in 1969.
Pol Pot
Pol Pot (born Saloth Sâr; 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian communist revolutionary, politician and a dictator who ruled Cambodia as Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea between 1976 and 1979.
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.
Polish Committee of National Liberation
The Polish Committee of National Liberation (Polish: Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN), also known as the Lublin Committee, was an executive governing authority established by the Soviet-backed communists in Poland at the later stage of World War II.
See Cold War and Polish Committee of National Liberation
Polish government-in-exile
The Polish government-in-exile, officially known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile (Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic.
See Cold War and Polish government-in-exile
Polish United Workers' Party
The Polish United Workers' Party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989.
See Cold War and Polish United Workers' Party
Polish–Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War (late autumn 1918 / 14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic before it became a union republic in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution, on territories which were previously held by the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy following the Partitions of Poland.
See Cold War and Polish–Soviet War
Politico
Politico (stylized in all caps), known originally as The Politico, is an American political digital newspaper company.
Politics and sports
Politics and sports or sports diplomacy describes the use of sport as a means to influence diplomatic, social, and political relations.
See Cold War and Politics and sports
Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Jan Paweł II; Giovanni Paolo II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła,; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.
See Cold War and Pope John Paul II
Post-Soviet states
The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
See Cold War and Post-Soviet states
Post-war
A post-war or postwar period is the interval immediately following the end of a war. Cold War and post-war are aftermath of World War II.
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference was held at Potsdam in the Soviet occupation zone from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to allow the three leading Allies to plan the postwar peace, while avoiding the mistakes of the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Cold War and Potsdam Conference are aftermath of World War II.
See Cold War and Potsdam Conference
Power projection
Power projection (or force projection or strength projection) in international relations is the capacity of a state to deploy and sustain forces outside its territory.
See Cold War and Power projection
Prague Spring
The Prague Spring (Pražské jaro, Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
See Cold War and Prague Spring
Presidency of Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman's tenure as the 33rd president of the United States began on April 12, 1945, upon the death of president Franklin D. Roosevelt, and ended on January 20, 1953.
See Cold War and Presidency of Harry S. Truman
Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon B. Johnson's tenure as the 36th president of the United States began on November 22, 1963, upon the assassination of president John F. Kennedy, and ended on January 20, 1969.
See Cold War and Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan's tenure as the 40th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1981, and ended on January 20, 1989.
See Cold War and Presidency of Ronald Reagan
President of Russia
The president of the Russian Federation (Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the executive head of state of Russia.
See Cold War and President of Russia
Preventive Penal Law Against Communism
The Preventive Penal Law Against Communism (Ley Preventiva Penal Contra el Comunismo) was a Guatemalan decree passed by the military junta of Carlos Castillo Armas on 24 August 1954.
See Cold War and Preventive Penal Law Against Communism
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Cold War and Princeton University Press
Production quota
A production quota is a goal for the production of a good.
See Cold War and Production quota
Prohibited airspace
A prohibited airspace is an area (volume) of airspace within which flight of aircraft is not allowed, usually due to security concerns.
See Cold War and Prohibited airspace
Propaganda in the Soviet Union
Propaganda in the Soviet Union was the practice of state-directed communication aimed at promoting class conflict, proletarian internationalism, the goals of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the party itself.
See Cold War and Propaganda in the Soviet Union
Provisional government
A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, a transitional government or provisional leadership, is a temporary government formed to manage a period of transition, often following state collapse, revolution, civil war, or some combination thereof.
See Cold War and Provisional government
Proxy war
In political science, a proxy war is as an armed conflict fought between two belligerents, wherein one belligerent is a non-state actor supported by an external third-party power.
Psychological warfare
Psychological warfare (PSYWAR), or the basic aspects of modern psychological operations (PsyOp), has been known by many other names or terms, including Military Information Support Operations (MISO), Psy Ops, political warfare, "Hearts and Minds", and propaganda.
See Cold War and Psychological warfare
PublicAffairs
PublicAffairs (or PublicAffairs Books) is a book publishing company located in New York City and has been a part of the Hachette Book Group since 2016.
See Cold War and PublicAffairs
Quakers
Quakers are people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is an American government-funded international media organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analyses to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East.
See Cold War and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Radio jamming
Radio jamming is the deliberate blocking of or interference with wireless communications.
See Cold War and Radio jamming
Rapacki Plan
The Rapacki Plan (pronounced Rapatz-ki) was a proposal presented in a speech by Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki to the United Nations General Assembly on 2 October 1957 as a limited plan for nuclear disarmament and demilitarization in Central Europe by establishing a nuclear-free zone.
Raymond L. Garthoff
Raymond Leonard "Ray" Garthoff (born March 26, 1929) is a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, a specialist on arms control, intelligence, the Cold War, NATO, and the former Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Raymond L. Garthoff
RDS-1
The RDS-1 (РДС-1), also known as Izdeliye 501 (device 501) and First Lightning, was the nuclear bomb used in the Soviet Union's first nuclear weapon test.
Reagan Doctrine
The Reagan Doctrine was a United States strategy implemented by the Reagan Administration to overwhelm the global influence of the Soviet Union in the late Cold War. Cold War and Reagan Doctrine are 20th-century conflicts.
See Cold War and Reagan Doctrine
Recession
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.
Reconnaissance satellite
A reconnaissance satellite or intelligence satellite (commonly, although unofficially, referred to as a spy satellite) is an Earth observation satellite or communications satellite deployed for military or intelligence applications.
See Cold War and Reconnaissance satellite
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.
Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
The Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan, also known as the Sovietization or Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan, took place in April 1920.
See Cold War and Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
Red Army invasion of Georgia
The Red Army invasion of Georgia (12 February17 March 1921), also known as the Georgian–Soviet War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia,Debo, R. (1992).
See Cold War and Red Army invasion of Georgia
Red Scare
A Red Scare is a form of moral panic provoked by fear of the rise, supposed or real, of leftist ideologies in a society, especially communism.
Red Terror
The Red Terror (krasnyy terror) was a campaign of political repression and executions in Soviet Russia carried out by the Bolsheviks, chiefly through the Cheka, the Bolshevik secret police.
Refusenik
Refusenik (otkaznik,; alternatively spelled refusnik) was an unofficial term for individuals—typically, but not exclusively, Soviet Jews—who were denied permission to emigrate, primarily to Israel, by the authorities of the Soviet Union and other countries of the Soviet Bloc.
Reichsmark
The Reichsmark (sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948.
Republic of Mahabad
The Republic of Mahabad, also referred to as the Republic of Kurdistan (translit; جمهوری مهاباد), was a short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran, from 22 January to 15 December 1946.
See Cold War and Republic of Mahabad
Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)
The Republic of the Congo (République du Congo) was a sovereign state in Central Africa, created with the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960.
See Cold War and Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party, also known as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.
See Cold War and Republican Party (United States)
Republics of the Soviet Union
The Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Union Republics (r) were national-based administrative units of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
See Cold War and Republics of the Soviet Union
Restatement of Policy on Germany
"Restatement of Policy on Germany", or the "Speech of Hope", is a speech given by James F. Byrnes, the US Secretary of State, in Stuttgart on September 6, 1946.
See Cold War and Restatement of Policy on Germany
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia
The Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia, PRRI) was a revolutionary government set up in Sumatra to oppose the central government of Indonesia in 1958.
See Cold War and Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia
Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)
There was a period of revolutions and interventions in Hungary between 1918 and 1920.
See Cold War and Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)
Revolutions of 1989
The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world.
See Cold War and Revolutions of 1989
Reykjavík
Reykjavík is the capital and largest city of Iceland.
Reykjavík Summit
The Reykjavík Summit was a summit meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, held in Reykjavík, Iceland, on 11–12 October 1986.
See Cold War and Reykjavík Summit
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974.
See Cold War and Richard Nixon
Richard Pipes
Richard Edgar Pipes (ריכארד פּיִפּעץ Rikhard Pipets; Ryszard Pipes; July 11, 1923 – May 17, 2018) was an American historian who specialized in Russian and Soviet history.
See Cold War and Richard Pipes
Richard V. Allen
Richard Vincent Allen (born January 1, 1936) is a former United States National Security Advisor serving President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1982.
See Cold War and Richard V. Allen
Riga
Riga is the capital, the primate, and the largest city of Latvia, as well as one of the most populous cities in the Baltic States.
Right to property
The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership), is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions.
See Cold War and Right to property
Right-wing dictatorship
A right-wing dictatorship, sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship or right-wing authoritarianism, is an authoritarian or sometimes totalitarian regime following right-wing policies.
See Cold War and Right-wing dictatorship
Robert F. Kelley
For a list of other people named Robert Kelley see Robert Kelley (disambiguation) Robert F. Kelley (1894 February 13, Somerville, Massachusetts – 1976) was an adamantly anticommunist official of the US State Department who influenced a generation of Russian specialists such as George F. Kennan and Charles Bohlen.
See Cold War and Robert F. Kelley
Rockwell B-1 Lancer
The Rockwell B-1 Lancer is a supersonic variable-sweep wing, heavy bomber used by the United States Air Force.
See Cold War and Rockwell B-1 Lancer
Rollback
In political science, rollback is the strategy of forcing a change in the major policies of a state, usually by replacing its ruling regime.
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.
Romania in World War II
The Kingdom of Romania, under the rule of King Carol II, was initially a neutral country in World War II.
See Cold War and Romania in World War II
Romanian revolution
The Romanian revolution (Revoluția română) was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world, primarily within the Eastern Bloc.
See Cold War and Romanian revolution
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
See Cold War and Ronald Reagan
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Rowman & Littlefield
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.
See Cold War and Rowman & Littlefield
RSD-10 Pioneer
The RSD-10 Pioneer (ракета средней дальности (РСД) «Пионер» tr.: raketa sredney dalnosti (RSD) "Pioner"; Medium-Range Missile "Pioneer") was an intermediate-range ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead, deployed by the Soviet Union from 1976 to 1988.
See Cold War and RSD-10 Pioneer
Rule of law
The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers and leaders.
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.
Russia and the United Nations
The Russian Federation succeeded to the Soviet Union's seat, including its permanent membership on the Security Council in the United Nations after the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, which originally co-founded the UN in 1945.
See Cold War and Russia and the United Nations
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the overthrowing of the social-democratic Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. Cold War and Russian Civil War are wars involving the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Russian Civil War
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.
See Cold War and Russian Empire
Russian famine of 1921–1922
The Russian famine of 1921–1922, also known as the Povolzhye famine (Голод в Поволжье, 'Volga region famine') was a severe famine in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic that began early in the spring of 1921 and lasted until 1922.
See Cold War and Russian famine of 1921–1922
Russian Famine Relief Act
The Russian Famine Relief Act of 1921 was formed by the United States Congress on February 24, 1919, with a budget of 100 million dollars ($ in). Its budget was boosted by private donations, which resulted in another 100 million dollars.
See Cold War and Russian Famine Relief Act
Russian Republic
The Russian Republic, referred to as the Russian Democratic Federal Republic in the 1918 Constitution, was a short-lived state which controlled, de jure, the territory of the former Russian Empire after its proclamation by the Russian Provisional Government on 1 September (14 September) 1917 in a decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-Chairman and Alexander Zarudny as Minister of Justice.
See Cold War and Russian Republic
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR..
See Cold War and Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Safari Club
The Safari Club was a covert alliance of intelligence services formed in 1976 that ran clandestine operations around Africa at a time when the United States Congress had limited the power of the CIA after years of abuses and when Portugal was dismantling its colonial empire in Africa.
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.
See Cold War and Saint Petersburg
Sakhalin
Sakhalin (p) is an island in Northeast Asia.
Salvador Allende
Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens (26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973) was a Chilean socialist politician who served as the 28th president of Chile from 1970 until his death in 1973.
See Cold War and Salvador Allende
Sandinista National Liberation Front
The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a Christian socialist political party in Nicaragua.
See Cold War and Sandinista National Liberation Front
Santa Clara Province
Santa Clara (also known as Las Villas after 1940) was a historical province of Cuba and its capital was Santa Clara.
See Cold War and Santa Clara Province
Satellite state
A satellite state or dependent state is a country that is formally independent but under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control from another country.
See Cold War and Satellite state
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
Saur Revolution
The Saur Revolution or Sowr Revolution (د ثور انقلاب; إنقلاب ثور), also known as the April Revolution or the April Coup, was staged on 27–28 April 1978 (rtl) by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and overthrew Afghan president Mohammad Daoud Khan, who had himself taken power in the 1973 Afghan coup d'état and established an autocratic one-party system in the country.
See Cold War and Saur Revolution
SAVAK
The Bureau for Intelligence and Security of the State (Sāzmān-e Ettelā'āt va Amniyat-e Keshvar), shortened to as SAVAK (ساواک) or S.A.V.A.K. (س.ا.و.ا.ک) was the secret police of the Imperial State of Iran.
Sąjūdis
Sąjūdis ("Movement"), initially known as the Reform Movement of Lithuania (Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis), is a political organisation which led the struggle for Lithuanian independence in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
The Second Iraqi–Kurdish War was the second chapter of the Barzani rebellion, initiated by the collapse of the Kurdish autonomy talks and the consequent Iraqi offensive against rebel KDP troops of Mustafa Barzani during 1974–1975. The war came in the aftermath of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–1970), as the 1970 peace plan for Kurdish autonomy had failed to be implemented by 1974.
See Cold War and Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.
See Cold War and Second Polish Republic
Second Quebec Conference
Princess Alice, and Clementine Churchill during the conference. The Second Quebec Conference (codenamed "OCTAGON") was a high-level military conference held during World War II by the British and American governments.
See Cold War and Second Quebec Conference
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. Cold War and Second Sino-Japanese War are wars involving the United States.
See Cold War and Second Sino-Japanese War
Second World
The Second World is one of the "Three Worlds" formed by the global political landscape of the Cold War, as it grouped together those countries that were aligned with the Eastern Bloc of the Soviet Union.
Secrecy
Secrecy is the practice of hiding information from certain individuals or groups who do not have the "need to know", perhaps while sharing it with other individuals.
Self-censorship
Self-censorship is the act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse.
See Cold War and Self-censorship
Semey
Semey (Семей / Semei,; Семей), until 2007 known as Semipalatinsk (Семипала́тинск) and between 1917 and 1920 as Alash-Qala (Алаш-қала / Alaş-qala), is a city in eastern Kazakhstan, in the Kazakh part of Siberia. When Abai Region was created in 2022, Semey became its administrative centre.
Separate peace
A separate peace is a nation's agreement to cease military hostilities with another even though the former country had previously entered into a military alliance with other states that remain at war with the latter country.
See Cold War and Separate peace
Sergey Mikhalkov
Sergey Vladimirovich Mikhalkov (Сергей Владимирович Михалков; 27 August 2009) was a Soviet and Russian author of children's books and satirical fables.
See Cold War and Sergey Mikhalkov
Shah
Shah (شاه) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Indian and Iranian monarchies.
Siad Barre
Mohammed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre, Osmanya script: 𐒑𐒖𐒄𐒖𐒑𐒗𐒆 𐒈𐒘𐒕𐒛𐒆 𐒁𐒖𐒇𐒇𐒗, محمد زياد بري Muhammad Siad Bariy; 6 October 1909 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali major general, politician and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 January 1991.
Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT).
See Cold War and Signals intelligence
Sihanouk Trail
The Sihanouk Trail was a logistical supply system in Cambodia used by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and its Viet Cong (VC) guerillas during the Vietnam War (1960–1975).
See Cold War and Sihanouk Trail
Sinatra Doctrine
The Sinatra Doctrine was a Soviet foreign policy under Mikhail Gorbachev for allowing member states of the Warsaw Pact to determine their own domestic affairs.
See Cold War and Sinatra Doctrine
Sino-Soviet border conflict
The Sino-Soviet border conflict was a seven-month undeclared military conflict between the Soviet Union and China in 1969, following the Sino-Soviet split. Cold War and Sino-Soviet border conflict are wars involving the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Sino-Soviet border conflict
Sino-Soviet split
The Sino-Soviet split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War. Cold War and Sino-Soviet split are 20th-century conflicts.
See Cold War and Sino-Soviet split
Sino-Vietnamese War
The Sino-Vietnamese War (also known by other names) was a brief conflict that occurred in early 1979 between China and Vietnam. Cold War and Sino-Vietnamese War are 20th-century conflicts.
See Cold War and Sino-Vietnamese War
Six-Day War
The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 June 1967.
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara (EYD: Syafruddin Prawiranegara; 28 February 1911 – 15 February 1989) was an Indonesian statesman and economist.
See Cold War and Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
Social fascism
Social fascism was a theory developed by the Communist International (Comintern) in the early 1930s which saw social democracy as a moderate variant of fascism.
See Cold War and Social fascism
Socialism with a human face
Socialism with a human face (socialismus s lidskou tváří, socializmus s ľudskou tvárou) is a slogan referring to the reformist and democratic socialist programme of Alexander Dubček and his colleagues, agreed at the Presidium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in April 1968, after he became chairman of the KSČ in January 1968.
See Cold War and Socialism with a human face
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe.
See Cold War and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Party of Chile
The Socialist Party of Chile (Partido Socialista de Chile, or PS) is a centre-left political party founded in 1933.
See Cold War and Socialist Party of Chile
Socialist Republic of Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989).
See Cold War and Socialist Republic of Romania
Solidarity (Polish trade union)
Solidarity („Solidarność”), full name Independent Self-Governing Trade Union "Solidarity" (Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy „Solidarność”, abbreviated NSZZ „Solidarność”), is a Polish trade union founded in August 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland.
See Cold War and Solidarity (Polish trade union)
Somalia
Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa.
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
South Kasai
South Kasai (Sud-Kasaï) was an unrecognised secessionist state within the Republic of the Congo (the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) which was semi-independent between 1960 and 1962.
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.
South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; Việt Nam Cộng hòa; VNCH, République du Viêt Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam.
See Cold War and South Vietnam
South Yemen
South Yemen, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, officially abbreviated to Democratic Yemen, was a state that existed from 1967 to 1990 as the only communist state in the Middle East and the Arab world.
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty signed in September 1954 in Manila, Philippines.
See Cold War and Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
Southern Cone
The Southern Cone (Cono Sur, Cone Sul) is a geographical and cultural subregion composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn.
See Cold War and Southern Cone
Sovereignty
Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority.
Soviet Air Forces
The Soviet Air Forces (r, VVS SSSR; literally "Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"; initialism VVS, sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force", were one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Service in 1917, and faced their greatest test during World War II.
See Cold War and Soviet Air Forces
Soviet Armed Forces
The Soviet Armed Forces, also known as the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union, the Red Army (1918–1946) and the Soviet Army (1946–1991), were the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922) and the Soviet Union (1922–1991) from their beginnings in the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923 to the collapse of the USSR in 1991.
See Cold War and Soviet Armed Forces
Soviet Army
The Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union (Sovetskiye sukhoputnye voyska) was the land warfare service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1946 to 1992.
Soviet atomic bomb project
The Soviet atomic bomb project was the classified research and development program that was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during and after World War II.
See Cold War and Soviet atomic bomb project
Soviet Central Asia
Soviet Central Asia (Sovetskaya Srednyaya Aziya) was the part of Central Asia administered by the Soviet Union between 1918 and 1991, when the Central Asian republics declared independence.
See Cold War and Soviet Central Asia
Soviet dissidents
--> Soviet dissidents were people who disagreed with certain features of Soviet ideology or with its entirety and who were willing to speak out against them.
See Cold War and Soviet dissidents
Soviet empire
The term "Soviet empire" collectively refers to the world's territories that the Soviet Union dominated politically, economically, and militarily.
See Cold War and Soviet empire
Soviet invasion of Manchuria
The Soviet invasion of Manchuria, formally known as the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation or simply the Manchurian Operation, began on 9 August 1945 with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.
See Cold War and Soviet invasion of Manchuria
Soviet invasion of Poland
The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military conflict by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war.
See Cold War and Soviet invasion of Poland
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
Between 28 June and 3 July 1940, the Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, following an ultimatum made to Romania on 26 June 1940 that threatened the use of force. Cold War and Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina are wars involving the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
The Soviet occupation of the Baltic states covers the period from the Soviet–Baltic mutual assistance pacts in 1939, to their invasion and annexation in 1940, to the mass deportations of 1941.
See Cold War and Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
Soviet occupation zone in Germany
The Soviet occupation zone in Germany (or label) was an area of Germany that was occupied by the Soviet Union as a communist area, established as a result of the Potsdam Agreement on 1 August 1945.
See Cold War and Soviet occupation zone in Germany
Soviet territorial claims against Turkey
According to the memories of Nikita Khrushchev, the deputy premier Lavrentiy Beria (1946–1953) pressed Joseph Stalin to claim eastern Anatolian territory that had supposedly been stolen from Georgia by the Turks.
See Cold War and Soviet territorial claims against Turkey
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
Soviet war crimes
From 1917 to 1991, a multitude of war crimes and crimes against humanity were carried out by the Soviet Union or any of its Soviet republics, including the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and its armed forces.
See Cold War and Soviet war crimes
Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
Pursuant to the Geneva Accords of 14 April 1988, the Soviet Union conducted a total military withdrawal from Afghanistan between 15 May 1988 and 15 February 1989.
See Cold War and Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
Soviet–Afghan War
The Soviet–Afghan War was a protracted armed conflict fought in the Soviet-controlled Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) from 1979 to 1989. The war was a major conflict of the Cold War as it saw extensive fighting between Soviet Union, the DRA and allied paramilitary groups against the Afghan mujahideen and their allied foreign fighters. Cold War and Soviet–Afghan War are wars involving the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Soviet–Afghan War
Soviet–Japanese War
The Soviet–Japanese War was a campaign of the Second World War that began with the Soviet invasion of Manchuria following the Soviet declaration of war against Japan on 8 August 1945.
See Cold War and Soviet–Japanese War
Space Race
The Space Race (Космическая гонка) was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union, to achieve superior spaceflight capability. Cold War and space Race are geopolitical rivalry.
Special Relationship
The Special Relationship is a term that is often used to describe the political, social, diplomatic, cultural, economic, legal, environmental, religious, military and historic relations between the United Kingdom and the United States or its political leaders. Cold War and Special Relationship are 1940s neologisms.
See Cold War and Special Relationship
Spencer C. Tucker
Spencer C. Tucker is an American historian who was a Fulbright scholar, retired university professor, and author of works on military history.
See Cold War and Spencer C. Tucker
Sphere of influence
In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity.
See Cold War and Sphere of influence
Sputnik 1
Sputnik 1 (Спутник-1, Satellite 1) was the first artificial Earth satellite.
Stalin Note
The Stalin Note, also known as the March Note, was a document delivered to the representatives of the Western Allies (the United Kingdom, France, and the United States) from the Soviet Union in separated Germany including the two countries in West and East on 10 March 1952.
Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.
See Cold War and Stanford University Press
Stanislav Petrov
Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov (Станисла́в Евгра́фович Петро́в; 7 September 1939 – 19 May 2017) was a lieutenant colonel of the Soviet Air Defence Forces who played a key role in the 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident. Cold War and Stanislav Petrov are nuclear warfare.
See Cold War and Stanislav Petrov
START I
START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a bilateral treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the reduction and the limitation of strategic offensive arms.
START II
START II (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a bilateral treaty between the United States and Russia on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms.
Stasi
The Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit,; abbreviated as "MfS"), commonly known as the italics, an abbreviation of Staatssicherheit, was the state security service and secret police of East Germany (the GDR) from 1950 to 1990.
State Anthem of the Soviet Union
The "State Anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" was the national anthem of the Soviet Union and the regional anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing "The Internationale".
See Cold War and State Anthem of the Soviet Union
State continuity of the Baltic states
The three Baltic countries, or the Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – are held to have continued as legal entities under international lawZiemele (2005).
See Cold War and State continuity of the Baltic states
State of Katanga
The State of Katanga (État du Katanga; Inchi Ya Katanga), also known as the Republic of Katanga, was a breakaway state that proclaimed its independence from Congo-Léopoldville on 11 July 1960 under Moise Tshombe, leader of the local ''Confédération des associations tribales du Katanga'' (CONAKAT) political party.
See Cold War and State of Katanga
State Protection Authority
The State Protection Authority (Államvédelmi Hatóság, ÁVH) was the secret police of the People's Republic of Hungary from 1945 to 1956.
See Cold War and State Protection Authority
State terrorism
State terrorism refers to acts of terrorism which a state conducts against another state or against its own citizens.
See Cold War and State terrorism
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Strategic Defense Initiative
The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic nuclear missiles. Cold War and Strategic Defense Initiative are soviet Union–United States military relations.
See Cold War and Strategic Defense Initiative
Strobe Talbott
Nelson Strobridge Talbott III (born April 25, 1946) is an American foreign policy analyst focused on Russia.
See Cold War and Strobe Talbott
Suez Crisis
The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and as the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956.
Suharto
Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving President of Indonesia.
Sukarno
Sukarno (born Koesno Sosrodihardjo,, 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.
Superpower
Superpower describes a sovereign state or supranational union that holds a dominant position characterized by the ability to exert influence and project power on a global scale. Cold War and Superpower are 1940s neologisms.
Surrender of Japan
The surrender of the Empire of Japan in World War II was announced by Emperor Hirohito on 15 August and formally signed on 2 September 1945, ending the war.
See Cold War and Surrender of Japan
Surveillance aircraft
Surveillance aircraft are aircraft used for surveillance.
See Cold War and Surveillance aircraft
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.
Syngman Rhee
Syngman Rhee (26 March 1875 – 19 July 1965) was a South Korean politician who served as the first president of South Korea from 1948 to 1960.
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
Szczecin
Szczecin (Stettin; Stettin; Sedinum or Stetinum) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland.
T-72
The T-72 is a family of Soviet main battle tanks that entered production in 1971.
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.
Tajbeg Palace assault
The Tajbeg Palace assault, known by the military codename Operation Storm-333 (Шторм-333), was a military raid executed by the Soviet Union in Afghanistan on 27 December 1979.
See Cold War and Tajbeg Palace assault
Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
Seventeen days after the German invasion of Poland in 1939, which marked the beginning of the Second World War, the Soviet Union entered the eastern regions of Poland (known as the Kresy) and annexed territories totalling with a population of 13,299,000.
See Cold War and Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
Terrorism
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims.
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a major escalation and one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War.
See Cold War and Tet Offensive
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.
The Barricades
The Barricades (Barikādes) were a series of confrontations between the Republic of Latvia and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in January 1991 which took place mainly in Riga.
See Cold War and The Barricades
The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
See Cold War and The Economist
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
The Historian (journal)
The Historian is a history journal published quarterly by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the history honor society, Phi Alpha Theta.
See Cold War and The Historian (journal)
The New York Review of Books
The New York Review of Books (or NYREV or NYRB) is a semi-monthly magazine with articles on literature, culture, economics, science and current affairs.
See Cold War and The New York Review of Books
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Cold War and The New York Times
The Observer
The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.
The Washington Post
The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.
See Cold War and The Washington Post
Third World
The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
See Cold War and Time (magazine)
Tito–Stalin split
The Tito–Stalin split or the Soviet–Yugoslav split was the culmination of a conflict between the political leaderships of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, under Josip Broz Tito and Joseph Stalin, respectively, in the years following World War II.
See Cold War and Tito–Stalin split
Tolyatti
Tolyatti or Togliatti (Тольятти), known before 1964 as Stavropol, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia.
Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.
See Cold War and Totalitarianism
Trade Act of 1974
The Trade Act of 1974 (codified at) was passed to help industry in the United States become more competitive or phase workers into other industries or occupations.
See Cold War and Trade Act of 1974
Transition to the New Order
Indonesia's transition to the New Order in the mid-1960s ousted the country's first president, Sukarno, after 22 years in the position.
See Cold War and Transition to the New Order
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria), by which Russia withdrew from World War I. The treaty, which followed months of negotiations after the armistice on the Eastern Front in December 1917, was signed at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus).
See Cold War and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (Vertrag über die abschließende Regelung in Bezug auf Deutschland), more commonly referred to as the Two Plus Four Agreement (Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrag), is an international agreement that allowed the reunification of Germany in October 1990. Cold War and Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany are aftermath of World War II.
See Cold War and Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
Tribune (magazine)
Tribune is a democratic socialist political magazine founded in 1937 and published in London, initially as a newspaper, then converting to a magazine in 2001.
See Cold War and Tribune (magazine)
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy.
Triumvirate
A triumvirate (triumvirātus) or a triarchy is a political institution ruled or dominated by three individuals, known as triumvirs (triumviri).
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine is an American foreign policy that pledges American "support for democracies against authoritarian threats." The doctrine originated with the primary goal of countering the growth of the Soviet bloc during the Cold War.
See Cold War and Truman Doctrine
Tudeh Party of Iran
The Tudeh Party of Iran (lit) is an Iranian communist party.
See Cold War and Tudeh Party of Iran
Typhus
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus.
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainska Radianska Sotsialistychna Respublika; Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991.
See Cold War and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Ukrainska Pravda
Ukrainska Pravda (lit) is a Ukrainian online newspaper founded by Georgiy Gongadze on 16 April 2000 (the day of the Ukrainian constitutional referendum).
See Cold War and Ukrainska Pravda
Ukrinform
The National News Agency of Ukraine (Українське національне інформаційне агентство), or Ukrinform (Укрінформ), is a state information and news agency, and international broadcaster of Ukraine.
Ultimatum
An paren;;: ultimata or ultimatums) is a demand whose fulfillment is requested in a specified period of time and which is backed up by a threat to be followed through in case of noncompliance (open loop). An ultimatum is generally the final demand in a series of requests. As such, the time allotted is usually short, and the request is understood not to be open to further negotiation.
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk, known until 1924 as Simbirsk, is a city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River east of Moscow.
Unholy Wars
Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism is a book by John K. Cooley, a news correspondent.
UNITA
The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola, abbr. UNITA) is the second-largest political party in Angola.
United Fruit Company
The United Fruit Company (later the United Brands Company) was an American multinational corporation that traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas) grown on Latin American plantations and sold in the United States and Europe.
See Cold War and United Fruit Company
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. Cold War and United Nations are aftermath of World War II.
See Cold War and United Nations
United Nations Command
United Nations Command (UNC or UN Command) is the multinational military force established to support the Republic of Korea (South Korea) during and after the Korean War.
See Cold War and United Nations Command
United Nations Conference on International Organization
The United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO), commonly known as the San Francisco Conference, was a convention of delegates from 50 Allied nations that took place from 25 April 1945 to 26 June 1945 in San Francisco, California, United States.
See Cold War and United Nations Conference on International Organization
United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ.
See Cold War and United Nations General Assembly
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.
See Cold War and United Nations Security Council
United Nations Security Council Resolution 82
Resolution 82 was adopted by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on 25 June 1950.
See Cold War and United Nations Security Council Resolution 82
United Nations Security Council Resolution 83
United Nations Security Council Resolution 83, adopted on June 27, 1950, determined that the attack on the Republic of Korea by forces from North Korea constituted a breach of the peace.
See Cold War and United Nations Security Council Resolution 83
United Nations Security Council veto power
The United Nations Security Council veto power is the power of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) to veto any "substantive" resolution.
See Cold War and United Nations Security Council veto power
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Cold War and United States
United States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces.
See Cold War and United States Department of Defense
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
See Cold War and United States Department of State
United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States Federal government.
See Cold War and United States Government Publishing Office
United States invasion of Grenada
The United States and a coalition of six Caribbean nations invaded the island nation of Grenada, north of Venezuela at dawn on 25 October 1983. Cold War and United States invasion of Grenada are wars involving the United States.
See Cold War and United States invasion of Grenada
United States National Security Council
The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the principal forum used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters.
See Cold War and United States National Security Council
United States special operations forces
United States special operations forces (SOF) are the active and reserve component forces of the United States Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force within the US military, as designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations.
See Cold War and United States special operations forces
University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
See Cold War and University of California Press
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Cold War and University of Chicago
University of North Carolina Press
The University of North Carolina Press (or UNC Press), founded in 1922, is a not-for-profit university press associated with the University of North Carolina.
See Cold War and University of North Carolina Press
Urho Kekkonen
Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (3 September 1900 – 31 August 1986), often referred to by his initials UKK, was a Finnish politician who served as the eighth and longest-serving president of Finland from 1956 to 1982.
See Cold War and Urho Kekkonen
Vehicle armour
Military vehicles are commonly armoured (or armored; see spelling differences) to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets, shells, rockets, and missiles, protecting the personnel inside from enemy fire.
See Cold War and Vehicle armour
Venona project
The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program initiated during World War II by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service and later absorbed by the National Security Agency (NSA), that ran from February 1, 1943, until October 1, 1980. Cold War and Venona project are soviet Union–United States military relations.
See Cold War and Venona project
Viet Cong
The Viet Cong was an epithet and umbrella term to call the communist-driven armed movement and united front organization in South Vietnam.
Viet Minh
The Việt Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam Độc lập Đồng minh, 越南獨立同盟; Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941.
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.
Vietnam syndrome
Vietnam syndrome is a term in U.S. politics that refers to public aversion to American overseas military involvements after the domestic controversy over the Vietnam War.
See Cold War and Vietnam syndrome
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. Cold War and Vietnam War are wars involving the Soviet Union and wars involving the United States.
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.
See Cold War and Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia.
See Cold War and Vladimir Putin
Voice of America
Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international radio broadcasting state media agency owned by the United States of America.
See Cold War and Voice of America
Vyacheslav Molotov
Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich Molotov (9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician, diplomat, and revolutionary who was a leading figure in the government of the Soviet Union from the 1920s to the 1950s, as one of Joseph Stalin's closest allies.
See Cold War and Vyacheslav Molotov
W. W. Norton & Company
W.
See Cold War and W. W. Norton & Company
Walter Bedell Smith
General Walter Bedell "Beetle" Smith (5 October 1895 – 9 August 1961) was a senior officer of the United States Army who served as General Dwight D. Eisenhower's chief of staff at Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ) during the Tunisia Campaign and the Allied invasion of Italy in 1943, during World War II.
See Cold War and Walter Bedell Smith
Walter Cronkite
Walter Leland Cronkite Jr. (November 4, 1916 – July 17, 2009) was an American broadcast journalist who served as anchorman for the CBS Evening News for 19 years, from 1962 to 1981.
See Cold War and Walter Cronkite
Walter Lippmann
Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 – December 14, 1974) was an American writer, reporter, and political commentator.
See Cold War and Walter Lippmann
War of Attrition
The War of Attrition (Ḥarb al-Istinzāf; Milḥemet haHatashah) involved fighting between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and their allies from 1967 to 1970. Cold War and War of Attrition are wars involving the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and War of Attrition
War of Laws
The War of Laws (Война законов, Voyna zakonov) was the series of conflicts between the central government of the Soviet Union and the governments of the Soviet republics during the so-called "parade of sovereignties" in the last years of the Soviet Union (19891991), which eventually contributed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
War on terror
The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is a global counterterrorist military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks and is the most recent global conflict spanning multiple wars. Cold War and war on terror are global conflicts and wars involving the United States.
See Cold War and War on terror
Wars of national liberation
Wars of national liberation, also called wars of independence or wars of liberation, are conflicts fought by nations to gain independence.
See Cold War and Wars of national liberation
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.
Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
On 20–21 August 1968, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was jointly invaded by four Warsaw Pact countries: the Soviet Union, the Polish People's Republic, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and the Hungarian People's Republic.
See Cold War and Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
Washington Summit (1987)
The Washington Summit of 1987 was a Cold War-era meeting between United States president Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev that took place on December 8–10.
See Cold War and Washington Summit (1987)
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.
See Cold War and Washington, D.C.
We will bury you
"We will bury you" (translit) is a phrase that was used by Soviet First (formerly General) Secretary Nikita Khrushchev, the de facto ruler of the USSR, while addressing Western ambassadors at a reception at the Polish embassy in Moscow on November 18, 1956.
See Cold War and We will bury you
West Berlin
West Berlin (Berlin (West) or West-Berlin) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin from 1948 until 1990, during the Cold War.
West Germany
West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.
Western Bloc
The Western Bloc, also known as the Capitalist Bloc, is an informal, collective term for countries that were officially allied with the United States during the Cold War of 1947–1991.
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe.
See Cold War and Western Europe
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
See Cold War and Western world
White Army
The White Army (pre-1918 spelling, although used by the Whites even afterwards to differentiate from the Reds./Белая армия|Belaya armiya) or White Guard (label), also referred to as the Whites or White Guardsmen (label), was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and anti-Bolshevik governments during the Russian Civil War.
White movement
The White movement (p), also known as the Whites (Бѣлые / Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of anti-communist forces that fought the communist Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War and that to a lesser extent continued operating as militarized associations of rebels both outside and within Russian borders in Siberia until roughly World War II (1939–1945).
See Cold War and White movement
White propaganda
White propaganda is propaganda that does not hide its origin or nature.
See Cold War and White propaganda
William Christian Bullitt Jr.
William Christian Bullitt Jr. (January 25, 1891 – February 15, 1967) was an American diplomat, journalist, and novelist.
See Cold War and William Christian Bullitt Jr.
Willy Brandt
Willy Brandt (born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German politician and statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as the chancellor of West Germany from 1969 to 1974.
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and 1951 to 1955.
See Cold War and Winston Churchill
Winter War
The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. Cold War and Winter War are wars involving the Soviet Union.
Wojciech Jaruzelski
Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (6 July 1923 – 25 May 2014) was a Polish military general, politician and de facto leader of the Polish People's Republic from 1981 until 1989.
See Cold War and Wojciech Jaruzelski
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921.
See Cold War and Woodrow Wilson
World peace
World peace is the concept of an ideal state of peace within and among all people and nations on Planet Earth.
World Peace Foundation
The World Peace Foundation or WPF, created in 1910, is a philanthropic foundation for research into peace processes affiliated with The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
See Cold War and World Peace Foundation
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. Cold War and World War II are 20th-century conflicts, global conflicts, nuclear warfare, wars involving the Soviet Union and wars involving the United States.
World War II reparations
After World War II, both the Federal Republic and Democratic Republic of Germany were obliged to pay war reparations to the Allied governments, according to the Potsdam Conference.
See Cold War and World War II reparations
X Article
The "X Article" is an article, formally titled "The Sources of Soviet Conduct", written by George F. Kennan and published under the pseudonym "X" in the July 1947 issue of Foreign Affairs magazine.
Yale University
Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.
See Cold War and Yale University
Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference (Yaltinskaya konferentsiya), held 4–11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe.
See Cold War and Yalta Conference
Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his kunya Abu Ammar, was a Palestinian political leader.
See Cold War and Yasser Arafat
Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District, Russia. The city is located on the Iset River between the Volga-Ural region and Siberia, with a population of roughly 1.5 million residents, up to 2.2 million residents in the urban agglomeration.
See Cold War and Yekaterinburg
Yle
Yleisradio Oy (Rundradion Ab), abbreviated as Yle (formerly styled in all uppercase until 2012), translated into English as the Finnish Broadcasting Company, is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founded in 1926.
See Cold War and Yle
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was an armed conflict fought from 6 to 25 October 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria.
See Cold War and Yom Kippur War
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија) was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 to 1992.
Yuri Andropov
Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (– 9 February 1984) was a Soviet politician who was the sixth leader of the Soviet Union and the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, taking office in late 1982 and serving until his death in 1984.
See Cold War and Yuri Andropov
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or one milliard, one yard, long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001.
See Cold War and 1,000,000,000
17th parallel north
The 17th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 17 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Cold War and 17th parallel north
1947 Polish parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 19 January 1947,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1491 the first since World War II.
See Cold War and 1947 Polish parliamentary election
1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
In late February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), with Soviet backing, assumed undisputed control over the government of Czechoslovakia through a coup d'état.
See Cold War and 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
1948 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on 18 April 1948 to elect the first Parliament of the Italian Republic.
See Cold War and 1948 Italian general election
1954 Geneva Conference
The Geneva Conference was intended to settle outstanding issues resulting from the Korean War and the First Indochina War and involved several nations.
See Cold War and 1954 Geneva Conference
1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état (Golpe de Estado en Guatemala de 1954) deposed the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz and marked the end of the Guatemalan Revolution.
See Cold War and 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
1960 U-2 incident
On 1 May 1960, a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defence Forces while conducting photographic aerial reconnaissance deep inside Soviet territory.
See Cold War and 1960 U-2 incident
1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état
In November 1963, President Ngô Đình Diệm and the Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) were deposed by a group of CIA-backed Army of the Republic of Vietnam officers who disagreed with Diệm's handling of the Buddhist crisis and the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong threat to South Vietnam.
See Cold War and 1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état
1964 Brazilian coup d'état
The 1964 Brazilian coup d'état (Golpe de estado no Brasil em 1964) was the overthrow of Brazilian president João Goulart by a military coup from March 31 to April 1, 1964, ending the Fourth Brazilian Republic (1946–1964) and initiating the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985).
See Cold War and 1964 Brazilian coup d'état
1970 Cambodian coup d'état
The 1970 Cambodian coup d'état (រដ្ឋប្រហារឆ្នាំ១៩៧០, Coup d'État de 1970) was the removal of the Cambodian Chief of State, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, after a vote in the National Assembly on 18 March 1970.
See Cold War and 1970 Cambodian coup d'état
1970 Chilean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Chile on 4 September 1970.
See Cold War and 1970 Chilean presidential election
1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
The 1972 visit by United States president Richard Nixon to the People's Republic of China was an important strategic and diplomatic overture that marked the culmination of the Nixon administration's establishment of relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China after years of American diplomatic policy that favored the Republic of China in Taiwan.
See Cold War and 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
1973 Chilean coup d'état
The 1973 Chilean coup d'état was a military overthrow of the democratic socialist president of Chile Salvador Allende and his Popular Unity coalition government.
See Cold War and 1973 Chilean coup d'état
1973 oil crisis
In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.
See Cold War and 1973 oil crisis
1980 Summer Olympics
The 1980 Summer Olympics (Letnije Olimpijskije igry 1980), officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad (Igry XXII Olimpiady) and officially branded as Moscow 1980 (Москва 1980), were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1980 in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia.
See Cold War and 1980 Summer Olympics
1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was the largest boycott in Olympic history and one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
See Cold War and 1980 Summer Olympics boycott
1980 United States presidential election
The 1980 United States presidential election was the 49th quadrennial presidential election, held on November 4, 1980.
See Cold War and 1980 United States presidential election
1980s oil glut
The 1980s oil glut was a significant surplus of crude oil caused by falling demand following the 1970s energy crisis.
See Cold War and 1980s oil glut
1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident
On 26 September 1983, during the Cold War, the Soviet nuclear early warning system Oko reported the launch of one intercontinental ballistic missile with four more missiles behind it, from the United States. Cold War and 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident are soviet Union–United States military relations.
See Cold War and 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident
1986 United States bombing of Libya
The United States Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps carried out air strikes, code-named Operation El Dorado Canyon, against Libya on 15 April 1986 in retaliation for the West Berlin discotheque bombing ten days earlier, which U.S. President Ronald Reagan blamed on Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.
See Cold War and 1986 United States bombing of Libya
1991 Soviet coup attempt
The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, also known as the August Coup, was a failed attempt by hardliners of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to forcibly seize control of the country from Mikhail Gorbachev, who was Soviet President and General Secretary of the CPSU at the time.
See Cold War and 1991 Soviet coup attempt
1991 Soviet Union referendum
A referendum on the future of the Soviet Union was held on 17 March 1991 across the Soviet Union.
See Cold War and 1991 Soviet Union referendum
1992 State of the Union Address
The 1992 State of the Union Address was given by the 41st president of the United States, George H. W. Bush, on January 28, 1992, at 9:00 p.m. EST, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives to the 102nd United States Congress.
See Cold War and 1992 State of the Union Address
26th of July Movement
The 26th of July Movement (Movimiento 26 de julio; M-26-7) was a Cuban vanguard revolutionary organization and later a political party led by Fidel Castro.
See Cold War and 26th of July Movement
See also
1940s beginnings
- Cold War
1990s endings
Global conflicts
- American Revolutionary War
- Cold War
- Eighty Years' War
- French Revolutionary Wars
- Hundred Years' War
- Napoleonic Wars
- Nine Years' War
- Second Cold War
- Second Hundred Years' War
- Seven Years' War
- Systemic wars theory
- War of the Austrian Succession
- War of the Quadruple Alliance
- War of the Spanish Succession
- War on terror
- World War I
- World War II
- World War III
- World Wars
- World war
History of NATO
- Cold War
- Enlargement of NATO
- History of NATO
- Legitimacy of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
- Message from Turnberry
- NATO Air Training Plan
- NATO Software Engineering Conferences
- NATO Washington Summit Declaration
- North Atlantic Council Fifth Session
- Oksigen FM
- Operation Gladio
- Reactions to the fall of Kabul (2021)
- Vilnius Group
- War crimes in the Kosovo War
- Western Union (alliance)
Soviet Union–United States military relations
- 1958 C-130 shootdown incident
- 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident
- 1986 Black Sea incident
- 1988 Black Sea bumping incident
- Air-to-air combat losses between the Soviet Union and the United States
- Allied Kommandatura
- Allied technological cooperation during World War II
- Arctic convoys of World War II
- Berlin Blockade
- Berlin Victory Parade of 1945
- Cold War
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Lend-Lease Sherman tanks
- Niš incident
- Operation Gold
- Operation Ivy Bells
- SS Metallurg Anosov
- Siberian intervention
- Strategic Defense Initiative
- Tripartite Naval Commission
- Venona project
Wars involving NATO
- Bosnian War
- Cold War
- Croatian War of Independence
- Kosovo War
- Libyan civil war (2011)
- NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
- War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
- Yugoslav Wars
References
Also known as 1st Cold War, Capitalist-Communist War, Cold War (1962-1991), Cold War (1969-1979), Cold War 1.0, Cold War I, Cold War One, Cold War era, Cold War period, Cold Warrior, Cold war history, Cold-War, ColdWar, Confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union, Drop and cover, End of the Cold War (1962-1991), First Cold War, Forty-Five Years' War, Guerra fria, History of the Cold War, Hot Peace, Kholodnaya voyna, Old Cold War, Soviet american war, The Cold War, The Cold War in the 1950s and 1960s, The Cold War since 1970, The Great Game II, Western europe during the cold war, Холо́дная война, Холодная война.
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