Crimean War

The Crimean War was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between the Russian Empire and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia-Piedmont. ^[1]

A. J. P. Taylor

Alan John Percivale Taylor (25 March 1906 – 7 September 1990) was a British historian who specialised in 19th- and 20th-century European diplomacy.

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ABC-Clio

ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.

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Abdülmecid I

Abdülmecid I (ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd-i evvel, I.; 25 April 182325 June 1861) was the 31st sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Crimean War and Abdülmecid I are Abdulmejid I.

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Aberdeen ministry

After the collapse of Lord Derby's minority government, the Whigs and Peelites formed a coalition under the Peelite leader Lord Aberdeen.

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Adjarians

The Adjarians (tr), also known as Muslim Georgians, are an ethnographic group of Georgians indigenous to Adjara in south-western Georgia.

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Aide-de-camp

An aide-de-camp (French expression meaning literally "helper in the military camp") is a personal assistant or secretary to a person of high rank, usually a senior military, police or government officer, or to a member of a royal family or a head of state.

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Akhaltsikhe

Akhaltsikhe (ახალციხე), formerly known as Lomsia (ლომსია), is a small city in Georgia's southwestern region of Samtskhe–Javakheti.

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Alaska Purchase

The Alaska Purchase was the purchase of Alaska from the Russian Empire to the United States for a sum of $7.2 million in 1867 (equivalent to $ million in). On May 15 of that year, the United States Senate ratified a bilateral treaty that had been signed on March 30, and American sovereignty became legally effective across the territory on October 18. Crimean War and Alaska Purchase are Alexander II of Russia.

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Aleksandr Baryatinsky

Prince Aleksandr Ivanovich Baryatinsky (Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Баря́тинский, tr.; – 9 March 1879) was a Russian General and Field Marshal (from 1859), Prince, governor of the Caucasus.

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Alexander II of Russia

Alexander II (p; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881.

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Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov

Prince Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov (Князь Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Ме́ншиков; 26 August 17872 May 1869) was a Russian nobleman, military commander and statesman.

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Alexander William Kinglake

Alexander William Kinglake (5 August 1809 – 2 January 1891) was an English travel writer and historian.

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Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes

Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes (27 November 1790 – 10 June 1860) was a French admiral and senator.

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Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora

Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora (18 November 18045 January 1878) was an Italian general and statesman.

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Alfred Nobel

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and businessman.

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Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892), was an English poet.

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Alma (Crimea)

The Alma is a small river in Crimea that flows from the Crimean Mountains in a broadly west-north-west direction to the Black Sea.

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Andrew Lambert

Andrew David Lambert (born 31 December 1956) is a British naval historian, who since 2001 has been the Laughton Professor of Naval History in the Department of War Studies, King's College London.

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Anti-war movement

An anti-war movement (also antiwar) is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict.

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Ardahan

Ardahan (tr; translit) is a city in northeastern Turkey, near the Georgian border.

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Armenia

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.

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Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

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Asia

Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.

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Auguste Febvrier Despointes

Auguste Febvrier-Despointes (1796 – 5 March 1855) was a French counter admiral.

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Auspicious Incident

The Auspicious Incident or Auspicious EventGoodwin, pp.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.

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Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a multinational European great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs.

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Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867

The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (Ausgleich, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary, which was a military and diplomatic alliance of two sovereign states.

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Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina fell under Austro-Hungarian rule in 1878, when the Congress of Berlin approved the occupation of the Bosnia Vilayet, which officially remained part of the Ottoman Empire.

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Austro-Prussian War

The Austro-Prussian War, also by many variant names such as Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as Deutscher Krieg ("German War"), Deutscher Bruderkrieg ("German war of brothers") and by a variety of other names, was fought in 1866 between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, with each also being aided by various allies within the German Confederation. Crimean War and Austro-Prussian War are wars involving Italy.

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Azov

Azov (Азов), previously known as Azak (Turki/Kypchak), is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town.

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Åland

Åland (Ahvenanmaa) is an autonomous and demilitarised region of Finland.

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Åland War

The Åland War was the operations of a Anglo-French naval force against military and civilian facilities on the coast of the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1854–1856, during the Crimean War between the Russian Empire and the allied France and Britain.

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Balaklava

Balaklava (Ukrainian and) is a settlement on the Crimean Peninsula and part of the city of Sevastopol.

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Balance of power (international relations)

The balance of power theory in international relations suggests that states may secure their survival by preventing any one state from gaining enough military power to dominate all others.

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Balkans

The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.

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Baltic Fleet

The Baltic Fleet (Baltiyskiy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea.

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Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.

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Bastion fort

A bastion fort or trace italienne (a phrase derived from non-standard French, literally meaning 'Italian outline') is a fortification in a style that evolved during the early modern period of gunpowder when the cannon came to dominate the battlefield.

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Battle of Acre (1840)

The Battle of Acre (also known as the Fourth Battle of Acre) occurred on 3 November 1840.

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Battle of Başgedikler

The Battle of Başgedikler occurred on 1 December 1853 during the Crimean War when a Russian army attacked and defeated a large Turkish force near the village of Başgedikler in the Trans-Caucasus.

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Battle of Balaclava

The Battle of Balaclava, fought on 25 October 1854 during the Crimean War, was part of the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55), an Allied attempt to capture the port and fortress of Sevastopol, Russia's principal naval base on the Black Sea.

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Battle of Bomarsund

The Battle of Bomarsund, in August 1854, took place during the Åland War, which was part of the Crimean War, when an Anglo-French expeditionary force attacked a Russian fortress.

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Battle of Cetate

The Battle of Cetate was fought during the Crimean War.

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Battle of Eupatoria

The Battle of Eupatoria (Russian: Штурм Евпатории (Storm of Eupatoria), Turkish: Gözleve Muharebesi) occurred on 17 February 1855 during the Crimean War when the army of the Russian Empire unsuccessfully attempted to capture the Crimean port city of Eupatoria held by the forces of the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Inkerman

The Battle of Inkerman was fought during the Crimean War on 5 November 1854 between the allied armies of Britain and France against the Imperial Russian Army.

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Battle of Kinburn (1855)

The Battle of Kinburn, a combined land-naval engagement during the final stage of the Crimean War, took place on the tip of the Kinburn Peninsula (on the south shore of the Dnieper–Bug estuary in what is now Ukraine) on 17 October 1855.

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Battle of Kurekdere

The Battle of Kürekdere took place on 6 August 1854 as part of the Crimean War.

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Battle of Malakoff

The Battle of Malakoff (Bataille de Malakoff, Бой на Малаховом кургане) or the Storming of the Malakhov Kurgan (Штурм Малахова кургана) was a series of French attacks against Russian forces on the Malakoff redoubt.

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Battle of Navarino

The Battle of Navarino was a naval battle fought on 20 October (O.S. 8 October) 1827, during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829), in Navarino Bay (modern Pylos), on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Ionian Sea.

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Battle of Nezib

The Battle of Nezib (معركة نزب) (present-day Nizip) was fought on 24 June 1839 between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Oltenița

The Battle of Oltenița (or Oltenitza) was fought on 4 November 1853 and was the first engagement of the Crimean War.

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Battle of Sedan

The Battle of Sedan was fought during the Franco-Prussian War from 1 to 2 September 1870. Crimean War and Battle of Sedan are Napoleon III.

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Battle of Sinop

The Battle of Sinop, or the Battle of Sinope, was a naval battle that took place on 30 November 1853 between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire during the opening phase of the Crimean War (1853–1856).

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Battle of Suomenlinna

The Battle of Suomenlinna (also known as the Battle of Viapori or the Bombardment of Sweaborg) was fought on 9–11 August 1855 between Russian defenders and a joint British/French fleet during the Åland War.

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Battle of the Alma

The Battle of the Alma (short for Battle of the Alma River) took place during the Crimean War between an allied expeditionary force (made up of French, British, and Ottoman forces) and Russian forces defending the Crimean Peninsula on 20September 1854.

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Battle of the Chernaya

The Battle of the Chernaya (also Tchernaïa; Russian: Сражение у Черной речки, Сражение у реки Черной, literally: Battle of the Black River) was fought by the Chyornaya River during the Crimean War on August 16, 1855.

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Battle of the Great Redan

The Battle of the Great Redan (or the Storming of the Third Bastion; Оборона Третьего бастиона, Штурм третьего бастиона) was a major battle during the Crimean War, fought between British forces against Russia on 18 June and 8 September 1855 as a part of the Siege of Sevastopol.

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Battle of Waterloo

The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo (at that time in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now in Belgium), marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Batumi

Batumi (ბათუმი), historically Batum or Batoum, is the second-largest city of Georgia and the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, located on the coast of the Black Sea in Georgia's southwest, 20 kilometers north of the border with Turkey.

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Beşik Bay, Çanakkale

Beşik Bay (italic or italic) is a small bay on the Aegean shore of Troy, at the mouth of the Hellespont in present-day Asiatic Turkey.

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Beirut

Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

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Benjamin Disraeli

Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British statesman, Conservative politician and writer who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Black Sea Fleet

The Black Sea Fleet (Chernomorskiy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Mediterranean Sea.

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Blockship

A blockship is a ship deliberately sunk to prevent a river, channel, or canal from being used as a waterway.

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Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library

Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library is one of the three national Libraries in Russia.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Bosnian Crisis

The Bosnian Crisis, also known as the Annexation Crisis (Bosnische Annexionskrise, Bosna Krizi; Анексиона криза) or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted on 5 October 1908 when Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, territories formerly within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire but under Austro-Hungarian administration since 1878.

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Bosporus

The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait (Istanbul strait, colloquially Boğaz) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey.

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British Army during the Victorian Era

The British Army during the Victorian era served through a period of great technological and social change.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

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Bulgarians

Bulgarians (bŭlgari) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and its neighbouring region, who share a common Bulgarian ancestry, culture, history and language.

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Buoy

A buoy is a floating device that can have many purposes.

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Calafat

Calafat is a city in Dolj County, southern Romania, in the region of Oltenia.

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Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour

Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as the Count of Cavour (Conte di Cavour) or simply Cavour, was an Italian politician, statesman, businessman, economist, and noble, and a leading figure in the movement towards Italian unification.

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Caracal, Romania

Caracal is a city in Olt County, Romania, situated in the historic region of Oltenia, on the plains between the lower reaches of the Jiu and Olt rivers.

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Casus belli

A casus belli is an act or an event that either provokes or is used to justify a war.

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Catherine the Great

Catherine II (born Princess Sophie Augusta Frederica von Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 172917 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the reigning empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.

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Cetate, Dolj

Cetate is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania.

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Chargé d'affaires

A chargé d'affaires, plural chargés d'affaires, often shortened to chargé (French) and sometimes in colloquial English to charge-D, is a diplomat who serves as an embassy's chief of mission in the absence of the ambassador.

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Charge of the Light Brigade

The Charge of the Light Brigade was a military action undertaken by British light cavalry against Russian forces during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War, resulting in many casualties to the cavalry.

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Charles Napier (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Sir Charles John Napier (6 March 1786Priscilla Napier (1995), who is not elsewhere free from error, gives the birth year as 1787 (p. 1, and book title), but provides no evidence. All other authorities agree on 1786. – 6 November 1860) was a British naval officer whose sixty years in the Royal Navy included service in the War of 1812, the Napoleonic Wars, Syrian War and the Crimean War, and a period commanding the Portuguese navy in the Liberal Wars.

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Charles, Marquis de La Valette

Charles Jean Marie Félix, Marquis de La Valette (25 November 1806 – 2 May 1881) was a French politician and diplomat.

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Chernihiv Governorate

Chernihiv Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit of the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian SSR, existing from 1918 to 1925.

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Chios massacre

The Chios massacre (in Η σφαγή της Χίου) was a catastrophe that resulted in the death, enslavement, and flight of about four-fifths of the total population of Greeks on the island of Chios by Ottoman troops, during the Greek War of Independence in 1822.

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Choloki

The Choloki (ჩოლოქი, also Cholok) in Georgia forms the border between the autonomous province of Ajaria and the province of Guria. Crimean War and Choloki are military history of Georgia (country).

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Christianity in the Ottoman Empire

Under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, Christians and Jews were considered dhimmi (meaning "protected") under Ottoman law in exchange for loyalty to the state and payment of the jizya tax.

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Church of the Nativity

The Church of the Nativity, or Basilica of the Nativity, is a basilica located in Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine.

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Circassians

The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe (Adyghe and Adygekher) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus.

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Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde

Field Marshal Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde, (20 October 1792– 14 August 1863), was a British Army officer.

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Concert of Europe

The Concert of Europe was a general agreement among the great powers of 19th-century Europe to maintain the European balance of power, political boundaries, and spheres of influence.

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Congress of Paris (1856)

The Congress of Paris is the name for a series of diplomatic meetings held in 1856 in Paris, France, to negotiate peace between the warring powers in the Crimean War that had started almost three years earlier.

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Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.

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Constanța

Constanța (Custantsa; Kyustendzha, or label; Dobrujan Tatar: Köstencĭ; Kōnstántza, or label; Köstence), historically known as Tomis or Tomi (Τόμις or Τόμοι), is a port city in the Dobruja historical region of Romania.

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Constantinople

Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.

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Convention of London (1840)

The Convention of London of 1840 was a treaty with the title of Convention for the Pacification of the Levant, signed on 15 July 1840 between the Great Powers of United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia, Russia on one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other.

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Corvée

Corvée is a form of unpaid forced labour that is intermittent in nature, lasting for limited periods of time, typically only a certain number of days' work each year.

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Cossacks

The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia.

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Count Karl Ferdinand von Buol

Karl Ferdinand von Buol (Karl Ferdinand Graf von Buol-Schauenstein; 17 May 1797 – 28 October 1865) was an Austrian Empire diplomatist and statesman, who served as Foreign Minister of Austrian Empire from 1852 to 1859.

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Crimea

Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov.

See Crimean War and Crimea

Crimean Khanate

The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441–1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde.

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Crimean Tatars

Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group and nation native to Crimea.

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Crimean War Research Society

The Crimean War Research Society (CWRS) is an international society of professional and amateur historians who research the Crimean War of 1854–56.

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Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe

Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe were the slave raids, for over three centuries, conducted by the military of the Crimean Khanate and the Nogai Horde primarily in lands controlled by Russia and Poland-Lithuania as well as other territories, often under the sponsorship of the Ottoman Empire, which provided slaves for the Crimean slave trade.

See Crimean War and Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe

Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

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Danube

The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.

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Danube Delta

The Danube Delta (Delta Dunării,; Del'ta Dunaju) is the second largest river delta in Europe, after the Volga Delta, and is the best preserved on the continent.

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Danubian Principalities

The Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene, translit) was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century.

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Dardanelles

The Dardanelles (lit; translit), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli (after the Gallipoli peninsula) and in Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (Helle), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey.

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David Price (Royal Navy officer)

Rear Admiral David Powell Price (1790 – 31 August 1854) was a Royal Navy officer of the 19th century, who served as Commander-in-Chief, Pacific from 1853.

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David Urquhart

David Urquhart Jr. (1 July 180516 May 1877) was a Scottish diplomat, writer and politician, serving as a Member of Parliament for Stafford from 1847 to 1852.

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Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire

In the late 18th century, the Ottoman Empire faced threats on numerous frontiers from multiple industrialised European powers.

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Depaldo Stairs

The Depaldo Stone Steps (also Старая каменная лестница) in Taganrog in Russia were constructed in 1823.

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Dhimmi

(ذمي,, collectively أهل الذمة / "the people of the covenant") or (معاهد) is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection.

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Dmitry Milyutin

Count Dmitry Alekseyevich Milyutin (Дмитрий Алексеевич Милютин, tr.; 28 June 1816, Moscow – 25 January 1912, Simeiz near Yalta) was a military historian, Minister of War (1861–81) and the last Field Marshal of Imperial Russia (1898).

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Dnieper

The Dnieper, also called Dnepr or Dnipro, is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea.

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Doğubayazıt

Doğubayazıt (Bazîd) is a town of Ağrı Province of Turkey, near the border with Iran.

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Dobruja

Dobruja or Dobrudja (Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea, or; Zadunav"ya; Dobruca) is a geographical and historical region in Southeastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.

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Don (river)

The Don (p) is the fifth-longest river in Europe.

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Don Cossacks

Don Cossacks (Donskiye kazaki, translit) or Donians (dontsy, translit), are Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don.

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Don Pacifico affair

The Don Pacifico affair was a diplomatic episode which occurred in 1850 and concerned the governments of Greece, the United Kingdom and Portugal, and is considered an example of gunboat diplomacy.

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Duchy of Modena and Reggio

The Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Ducato di Modena e Reggio; Ducatus Mutinae et Regii; Duchêt ed Mòdna e Rèz) was an Italian state created in 1452 located in Northwestern Italy, in the present day region of Emilia-Romagna.

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Eastern Christianity

Eastern Christianity comprises Christian traditions and church families that originally developed during classical and late antiquity in the Eastern Mediterranean region or locations further east, south or north.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.

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Eastern question

In diplomatic history, the Eastern question was the issue of the political and economic instability in the Ottoman Empire from the late 18th to early 20th centuries and the subsequent strategic competition and political considerations of the European great powers in light of this.

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Egyptian intervention in the Crimean War

The Egypt Eyalet began a military intervention in Crimea at the request of the Ottoman Sultan Abdulmejid I after the Russian armies crossed the Prut River in 1853, they occupied the states of Wallachia and Moldavia (currently Romania), and peaceful efforts failed to resolve the deteriorating situation.

See Crimean War and Egyptian intervention in the Crimean War

Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)

The First Egyptian–Ottoman War or First Syrian War (1831–1833) was a military conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt brought about by Muhammad Ali Pasha's demand to the Sublime Porte for control of Greater Syria, as reward for aiding the Sultan during the Greek War of Independence. Crimean War and Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833) are wars involving the Ottoman Empire.

See Crimean War and Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)

Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)

The Second Egyptian–Ottoman War lasted from 1839 until 1841 and was fought mainly in Syria. Crimean War and Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841) are wars involving the Ottoman Empire and wars involving the United Kingdom.

See Crimean War and Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)

Electrical telegraph

Electrical telegraphy is a point-to-point text messaging system, primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century.

See Crimean War and Electrical telegraph

Emancipation reform of 1861

The emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia, also known as the Edict of Emancipation of Russia, (translit – "peasants' reform of 1861") was the first and most important of the liberal reforms enacted during the reign of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. Crimean War and emancipation reform of 1861 are Alexander II of Russia.

See Crimean War and Emancipation reform of 1861

Emperor of the French

Emperor of the French (French: Empereur des Français) was the title of the monarch and supreme ruler of the First and the Second French Empires.

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Encyclopedia of Ukraine

The Encyclopedia of Ukraine (translit), published from 1984 to 2001, is a fundamental work of Ukrainian Studies.

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Enguri

The Enguri (tr, ingiri, Егры, Egry) is a river in western Georgia.

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Epirus

Epirus is a geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now shared between Greece and Albania.

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Epirus Revolt of 1854

The 1854 revolt in Epirus was one of the most important of a series of Greek uprisings that occurred in Epirus during that period.

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Erzurum

Erzurum is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey.

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European balance of power

The European balance of power is a tenet in international relations that no single power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of Europe.

See Crimean War and European balance of power

Far East

The Far East is the geographical region that encompasses the easternmost portion of the Asian continent, including East, North, and Southeast Asia.

See Crimean War and Far East

Fascine

A fascine (pronounced) is a rough bundle of brushwood or other material used for strengthening an earthen structure, or making a path across uneven or wet terrain.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

See Crimean War and Finland

First Balkan War

The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro) against the Ottoman Empire. Crimean War and First Balkan War are wars involving Greece and wars involving the Ottoman Empire.

See Crimean War and First Balkan War

First Lord of the Admiralty

The First Lord of the Admiralty, or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, was the political head of the English and later British Royal Navy.

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First Opium War

The First Opium War, also known as the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the British Empire and the Qing dynasty of China between 1839 and 1842.

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FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan

Field Marshal FitzRoy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan, (30 September 1788 – 28 June 1855), known before 1852 as Lord FitzRoy Somerset, was a British Army officer.

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Fleet in being

In naval warfare, a "fleet in being" is a naval force that extends a controlling influence without ever leaving port.

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Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing.

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Foreign policy of the Russian Empire

The foreign policy of the Russian Empire covers Russian foreign relations from their origins in the policies of the Tsardom of Russia (until 1721) down to the end of the Russian Empire in 1917.

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Foreign Secretary

The secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs, also known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.

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Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Crimean War and Franco-Prussian War are wars involving France.

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French Army

The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (Armée de terre), is the principal land warfare force of France, and the largest component of the French Armed Forces; it is responsible to the Government of France, alongside the French Navy, French Air and Space Force, and the National Gendarmerie.

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French conquest of Algeria

The French conquest of Algeria took place between 1830 and 1903. Crimean War and French conquest of Algeria are wars involving France.

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French invasion of Russia

The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign (Campagne de Russie) and in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (Otéchestvennaya voyná 1812 góda), was initiated by Napoleon with the aim of compelling the Russian Empire to comply with the continental blockade of the United Kingdom. Crimean War and French invasion of Russia are invasions of Russia, wars involving France and wars involving the Russian Empire.

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French ship Charlemagne (1851)

Charlemagne was an 80-gun French ship of the line.

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French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

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Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, political theorist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

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Frigate

A frigate is a type of warship.

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Gabion

A gabion (from Italian gabbione meaning "big cage"; from Italian gabbia and Latin cavea meaning "cage") is a cage, cylinder or box filled with rocks, concrete, or sometimes sand and soil for use in civil engineering, road building, military applications and landscaping.

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Gallipoli

The Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu Yarımadası; Chersónisos tis Kallípolis) is located in the southern part of East Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles strait to the east.

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George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan

George Charles Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, (16 April 1800 – 10 November 1888), styled Lord Bingham before 1839, was an Anglo-Irish peer and military officer.

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George Hamilton Seymour

Sir George Hamilton Seymour (21 September 1797 – 2 February 1880) was a British diplomat.

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George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen

George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (28 January 178414 December 1860), styled Lord Haddo from 1791 to 1801, was a British statesman, diplomat and landowner, successively a Tory, Conservative and Peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs.

See Crimean War and George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen

Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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Georgians

The Georgians, or Kartvelians (tr), are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to present-day Georgia and surrounding areas historically associated with the Georgian kingdoms.

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Georgiy Evseevich Eristov

Duke Georgiy Evseevich Eristov (Eristavi) (გეორგი ევეევიჩი ერისტოვი (ერისთავი) Eristavi Георгий Евсеевич Эристов; (1769 – 18 November 1863) was a nobleman of the Georgian Eristavi princerely family and general as well as senator of the Russian Empire.

See Crimean War and Georgiy Evseevich Eristov

German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

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Giurgiu

Giurgiu (Gyurgevo) is a city in southern Romania.

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Gogland

Gogland or Hogland (Гогланд, transliteration from original Hogland; Suursaari, German: Hochland) is an island in the Gulf of Finland in the eastern Baltic Sea, about 180 km west from Saint Petersburg and 35 km from the coast of Finland (near Kotka).

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Government reforms of Alexander II of Russia

The Government reforms imposed by Tsar Alexander II of Russia, often called the Great Reforms (Velikie reformy) by historians, were a series of major social, political, legal and governmental reforms in the Russian Empire carried out in the 1860s. Crimean War and government reforms of Alexander II of Russia are Alexander II of Russia.

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Governor of Taganrog

The Governor of Taganrog (Таганрогское градоначальство) was the head of the Taganrog borough or governorate (incorporated municipality with privileges given by royal charter), between October 8, 1802 and May 19, 1887.

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Grand Crimean Central Railway

The Grand Crimean Central Railway was a military railway built in 1855 during the Crimean War by the United Kingdom.

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Grand Duchy of Finland

The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, was the predecessor state of modern Finland.

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Grand Duchy of Tuscany

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Granducato di Toscana; Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1860, replacing the Republic of Florence.

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Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia (Великий князь Константин Николаевич; 21 September 1827 – 25 January 1892) was the Emperor's Viceroy of Poland from 1862 to 1863 and a general admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy.

See Crimean War and Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia

Great Armament

The Great Armament was the popular name given to the rapid build-up in the strength of the British Royal Navy as a consequence of the need for inshore warfare vessels that emerged during the 1854-56 Crimean War against Russia.

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Great Game

The Great Game was a rivalry between the 19th-century British and Russian empires over influence in Central Asia, primarily in Afghanistan, Persia, and Tibet. Crimean War and Great Game are wars involving the United Kingdom.

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Great power

A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.

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Great Storm of 1854

The Great Storm of 1854 occurred in and around the Black Sea on 14 November 1854.

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Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem

The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem,Πατριαρχεῖον Ἱεροσολύμων, Patriarcheîon Hierosolýmōn; Rūm Orthodox in Jerusalem, הפטריארכיה היוונית-אורתודוקסית של ירושלים also known as the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, is an autocephalous church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

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Greek tortoise

The Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca), also known commonly as the spur-thighed tortoise or Moorish tortoise, is a species of tortoise in the family Testudinidae.

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Greek Volunteer Legion

The Greek Volunteer Legion (Ελληνική Λεγεώνα Εθελοντών) was a volunteer military corps formed by Greeks and other Balkan Christians that fought for the Russian Empire during the Crimean War.

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Greek War of Independence

The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. Crimean War and Greek War of Independence are wars involving France, wars involving Greece, wars involving Tunisia, wars involving the Ottoman Empire, wars involving the Russian Empire and wars involving the United Kingdom.

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Grigory Potemkin

Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tauricheski (A number of dates as late as 1742 have been found on record; the veracity of any one is unlikely to be proved. This is his "official" birth-date as given on his tombstone.) was a Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman, and favourite of Catherine the Great.

See Crimean War and Grigory Potemkin

Gulf of Finland

The Gulf of Finland (Soome laht; Suomenlahti; p; Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea.

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Gunboat

A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies.

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Gunboat diplomacy

Gunboat diplomacy is the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of naval power, implying or constituting a direct threat of warfare should terms not be agreeable to the superior force.

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Gunpowder

Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive.

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Gyumri

Gyumri (Գյումրի) is an urban municipal community and the second-largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative center of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country.

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Hellenic Army

The Hellenic Army (Ellinikós Stratós, sometimes abbreviated as ΕΣ), formed in 1828, is the land force of Greece.

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Helsinki

Helsinki is the capital and most populous city in Finland.

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Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865), known as Lord Palmerston, was a British statesman and politician who was twice prime minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century.

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Henry Kissinger

Henry Alfred Kissinger (May 27, 1923November 29, 2023) was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the United States secretary of state from 1973 to 1977 and national security advisor from 1969 to 1975, in the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.

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Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley

Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley, (17 June 1804 – 15 July 1884), known as The Lord Cowley between 1847 and 1857, was a British diplomat.

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History of the Russo-Turkish wars

Russo-Turkish wars (Russko-turetskiye voyny) or Russo-Ottoman wars (Osmanlı-Rus savaşları) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. Crimean War and History of the Russo-Turkish wars are military history of Ukraine, Russo-Turkish wars and wars involving the Russian Empire.

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History Today

History Today is a history magazine.

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HMS Fury (1845)

HMS Fury was a designed by Sir William Symonds, Surveyor of the Navy.

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HMS Grinder (1855)

HMS Grinder was a wooden 3-gun, launched on 7 March 1855.

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HMS Miranda (1851)

HMS Miranda was a 14-gun (15-gun from 1856) wooden screw sloop of the Royal Navy.

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Holy Alliance

The Holy Alliance (Heilige Allianz; Священный союз, Svjaščennyj sojuz), also called the Grand Alliance, was a coalition linking the monarchist great powers of Austria, Prussia, and Russia, which was created after the final defeat of Napoleon at the behest of Emperor (Tsar) Alexander I of Russia and signed in Paris on 26 September 1815.

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House of Commons of the United Kingdom

The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn

Field Marshal Hugh Henry Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn, (6 April 1801 – 16 October 1885) was a senior British Army officer.

See Crimean War and Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn

Hungarian Revolution of 1848

The Hungarian Revolution of 1848, also known in Hungary as Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 was one of many European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas.

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Hurst and Blackett

Hurst and Blackett was a publisher founded in 1852 by Henry Blackett (26 May 1825 – 7 March 1871), the grandson of a London shipbuilder, and Daniel William Stow Hurst (17 February 1802 – 6 July 1870).

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Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt

Ibrahim Pasha (إبراهيمباشا Ibrāhīm Bāshā; 1789 – 10 November 1848) was an Egyptian general and politician; he was the commander of both the Egyptian and Ottoman armies and the eldest son of Muhammad Ali, the Wāli and unrecognized Khedive of Egypt and Sudan.

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Imam Shamil

Imam Shamil (al-Šaykh Šāmil; Sheykh Shamil; imam Shemal; Shamil; Имам Шамиль; 26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the political, military, and spiritual leader of North Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s, the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859), and a Sunni Muslim sheikh of the Naqshbandi Sufis.

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Immanuel Nobel

Immanuel Nobel the Younger (24 March 1801 – 3 September 1872) was a Swedish engineer, architect, inventor and industrialist.

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Imperial Russian Army

The Imperial Russian Army or Russian Imperial Army (Rússkaya imperátorskaya ármiya) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Imperial Russian Navy

The Imperial Russian Navy operated as the navy of the Russian Tsardom and later the Russian Empire from 1696 to 1917.

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Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. Crimean War and Indian Rebellion of 1857 are wars involving the United Kingdom.

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Infantry square

An infantry square, also known as a hollow square, was a historic close order formation used in combat by infantry units, usually when threatened with cavalry attack.

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International Affairs (journal)

International Affairs is a 100-year-old peer-reviewed academic journal of international relations.

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International relations (1814–1919)

This article covers worldwide diplomacy and, more generally, the international relations of the great powers from 1814 to 1919.

See Crimean War and International relations (1814–1919)

International Relations (journal)

International Relations is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of international relations.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Ironclad warship

An ironclad was a steam-propelled warship protected by steel or iron armor constructed from 1859 to the early 1890s.

See Crimean War and Ironclad warship

Ivan Krasnov

Ivan Ivanovich Krasnov Краснов, Иван Иванович (1802–1871) was a Russian general and author.

See Crimean War and Ivan Krasnov

Ivan Paskevich

Count Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich-Erevansky, Serene Prince of Warsaw (translit; &ndash) was an Imperial Russian military leader who was the Namiestnik of Poland.

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Ivane Andronikashvili

Prince Ivane Andronikashvili (ივანე ანდრონიკაშვილი; Ivan Malkhazovich Andronnikov; 1798 – November 19, 1868) was a Russian general from the Georgian noble Andronikashvili family.

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Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud

Armand-Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud (20 August 1798 – 29 September 1854) was a French soldier and Marshal of France.

See Crimean War and Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud

James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan

Lieutenant-General James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan (16 October 1797 – 28 March 1868), styled as Lord Cardigan, was an officer in the British Army who commanded the Light Brigade during the Crimean War, leading its charge at the Battle of Balaclava.

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Janissary

A janissary (yeŋiçeri) was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops.

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Jizya

Jizya (jizya), or jizyah, is a tax historically levied on dhimmis, that is, protected non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law.

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John Bright

John Bright (16 November 1811 – 27 March 1889) was a British Radical and Liberal statesman, one of the greatest orators of his generation and a promoter of free trade policies.

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John Fox Burgoyne

Field Marshal Sir John Fox Burgoyne, 1st Baronet, (24 July 1782 – 7 October 1871) was a British Army officer.

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Kacha, Sevastopol

Kacha (Qaçı) is an urban-type settlement under the City of Sevastopol's jurisdiction, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as part of the Crimean Federal District.

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Kadikoi

Kadikoi (Qadıköy, Кадыкой) in the 19th century was a village on the Crimean peninsula, in Ukraine, about one mile north of Balaklava.

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Kalamita Bay

Kalamita Bay (Каламитский залив, Каламітська затока, Kalamita körfezi, Каламита корьфези), also known as Gulf of Kalamita, is a bay and a gulf in the Black Sea south of Yevpatoria, Crimea.

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Kamchatka Peninsula

The Kamchatka Peninsula (poluostrov Kamchatka) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about.

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Kamiesch

Kamiesch (Комишова бухта, Qamış Körfezi) is a sea inlet and adjoining port, sited on the Chersonese or Khersones peninsula, three miles SW of the city centre of Sevastopol and ten miles WNW of Balaklava in the Crimean peninsula.

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Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

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Karl Nesselrode

Karl Robert Reichsgraf von Nesselrode-Ehreshoven, also known as Charles de Nesselrode (Karl Vasilyevich Nesselrode; 14 December 1780 – 23 March 1862), was a Russian diplomat of German descent.

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Kars

Kars (or; Qars; Qers) is a city in northeast Turkey.

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Kerch

Kerch, also known as Keriç or Kerich, is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of Crimea.

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Kerch Strait

The Kerch Strait is a strait in Eastern Europe.

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Kiev Governorate

Kiev Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire from 1796 to 1919 and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1919 to 1925.

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Kingdom of Greece

The Kingdom of Greece (Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος) was established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic Republic.

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Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century.

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Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia

The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Regnum Langobardiae et Venetiae), commonly called the "Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom" (Regno Lombardo-Veneto; Königreich Lombardo-Venetien), was a constituent land (crown land) of the Austrian Empire from 1815 to 1866.

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Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

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Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)

The Kingdom of Sardinia is a term used to denote the Savoyard state from 1720 until 1861, which united the island of Sardinia with the mainland possessions of the House of Savoy.

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Kola, Russia

Kola (Ко́ла; Guoládat; Kuâlõk) is a town and the administrative center of Kolsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kola and Tuloma Rivers, south of Murmansk and southwest of Severomorsk.

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Kronstadt

Kronstadt (Kronshtadt) is a Russian port city in Kronshtadtsky District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, located on Kotlin Island, west of Saint Petersburg, near the head of the Gulf of Finland.

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Kuril Islands

The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands (p; Japanese: or) are a volcanic archipelago administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast in the Russian Far East.

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Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)

The Leader of His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition, more commonly referred to as the Leader of the Opposition, is the person who leads the Official Opposition in the United Kingdom.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

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Leo Tolstoy

Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as, which corresponds to the romanization Lyov.

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List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Russia

The ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia (Russian: Британский Посол в России) is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Russian Federation and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Russia.

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List of British recipients of the Légion d'Honneur for the Crimean War

The Légion d'Honneur was awarded to 746 members of the British Armed Forces during the Crimean War (also known as the Russian War) which lasted from 1854 to 1856.

See Crimean War and List of British recipients of the Légion d'Honneur for the Crimean War

List of Crimean War Victoria Cross recipients

The Victoria Cross (VC) was awarded to 111 members of the British Armed Forces during the Crimean War (also known as the Russian War) that lasted from 1854 to 1856.

See Crimean War and List of Crimean War Victoria Cross recipients

List of Latin phrases (U)

See Crimean War and List of Latin phrases (U)

Lombardy

Lombardy (Lombardia; Lombardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population.

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London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

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London Straits Convention

In the London Straits Convention concluded on 13 July 1841 between the Great Powers of Europe at the time—Russia, the United Kingdom, France, Austria and Prussia—the "ancient rule" of the Ottoman Empire was re-established by closing the Turkish Straits (the Bosporus and Dardanelles), which link the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, from all warships whatsoever, barring those of the Sultan's allies during wartime.

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Louis Nolan

Lewis Edward Nolan, known to his family as Louis Nolan and in Austrian service as Ludwig Nolan (4 January 1818 – 25 October 1854) was a British Army officer and cavalry tactician best known for his role and death in the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War.

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Mahmud II

Mahmud II (Maḥmûd-u s̠ânî, II.; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.

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Mamelon (fort)

A mamelon is a French name for a breast shaped hillock.

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Marani, Georgia

Marani (მარანი) is a village in Abasha Municipality of Georgia.

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Mary Seacole

Mary Jane Seacole (Anionwu, E. N. (2012), Mary Seacole: nursing care in many lands. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 6(5), pp. 244–248 23 November 1805 – 14 May 1881) was a British nurse and businesswoman.

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Mascot

A mascot is any human, animal, or object thought to bring luck, or anything used to represent a group with a common public identity, such as a school, sports team, society, military unit, or brand name.

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Materiel

Materiel is supplies, equipment, and weapons in military supply-chain management, and typically supplies and equipment in a commercial supply chain context.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

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Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov

Prince Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov (Михаил Дмитриевич Горчаков, Michaił Dymitrowicz Gorczakow; –, Warsaw) was a Russian General of the Artillery from the Gorchakov family, who commanded the Russian forces in the latter stages of the Crimean War and later served as a Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland from 1856 until his death.

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Mikhail Pogodin

Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin (Михаи́л Петро́вич Пого́дин) was a Russian historian and journalist who, jointly with Nikolay Ustryalov, dominated the national historiography between the death of Nikolay Karamzin in 1826 and the rise of Sergey Solovyov in the 1850s.

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Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov

Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov (Князь Михаил Семёнович Воронцов) was a Russian nobleman and field-marshal, renowned for his success in the Napoleonic Wars and most famous for his participation in the Caucasian War from 1844 to 1853.

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Minié rifle

The Minié rifle was an important infantry rifle of the mid-19th century.

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Ministry of War of the Russian Empire

Ministry of War of the Russian Empire, (Военное министерство, Military Ministry) was an administrative body in the Russian Empire from 1802 to 1917.

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Mius

The Mius is a river in Eastern Europe that flows through Ukraine and Russia.

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Moldavia

Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei, literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: Молдова or Цара Мѡлдовєй) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River.

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Moscow State University

Moscow State University (MSU; Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia.

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Muhammad Ali of Egypt

Muhammad Ali (4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian governor and military commander who was the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, considered the founder of modern Egypt.

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Napoleon III

Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first president of France from 1848 to 1852, and the last monarch of France as the second Emperor of the French from 1852 until he was deposed on 4 September 1870.

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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions. Crimean War and Napoleonic Wars are wars involving France, wars involving Italy, wars involving the Ottoman Empire, wars involving the Russian Empire and wars involving the United Kingdom.

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Naval mine

A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines.

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New-York Tribune

The New-York Tribune (from 1914: New York Tribune) was an American newspaper founded in 1841 by editor Horace Greeley.

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Nicholas I of Russia

Nicholas I (–) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland.

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Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky

Nikolay Nikolayevich Muravyov-Karsky (Николай Николаевич Муравьёв-Карский; 13 August 1794 – 4 November 1866) was an Imperial Russian military officer and General of the Russian Army.

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Nikolay Pirogov

Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Николай Иванович Пирогов; —) was a Russian scientist, medical doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847), one of the most widely recognized Russian physicians.

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Nikolskaya sopka

Nikolskaya sopka (Нико́льская со́пка), is a (hill) located in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia, close to the historic centre of the city.

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Nile Delta

The Nile Delta (دلتا النيل, or simply الدلتا) is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea.

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Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin (NG) (alternative spelling of nitroglycerine), also known as trinitroglycerol (TNG), nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a dense, colorless or pale yellow, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a region in Europe governed by Russia.

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Nursing

Nursing is a health care profession that "integrates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and human functioning; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; and alleviation of suffering through compassionate presence".

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Odesa

Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.

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Oltenița

Oltenița is a city in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania, on the left bank of the river Argeș, where its waters flow into the Danube.

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Omar Pasha

Omer Pasha, also known as Omer Pasha Latas (Ömer Lütfi Paşa, Omer-paša Latas; 24 September 1806 – 18 April 1871) was an Ottoman field marshal and governor.

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Order of Nakhimov

The Order of Nakhimov (орден Нахимова) is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named in honour of Russian admiral Pavel Nakhimov (1802–1855) and bestowed to naval officers for outstanding military leadership.

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Orlando Figes

Orlando Guy Figes (born 20 November 1959) is a British historian and writer.

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Otto of Greece

Otto (1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867) was King of Greece from the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece on 27 May 1832, under the Convention of London, until he was deposed in October 1862.

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Otto von Bismarck

Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898; born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck) was a Prussian statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany.

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Ottoman Crete

The island of Crete (script) was declared an Ottoman province (eyalet) in 1646, after the Ottomans managed to conquer the western part of the island as part of the Cretan War, but the Venetians maintained their hold on the capital Candia, until 1669, when Francesco Morosini surrendered the keys of the town.

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Ottoman dynasty

The Ottoman dynasty (Osmanlı Hanedanı) consisted of the members of the imperial House of Osman (Ḫānedān-ı Āl-i ʿOsmān), also known as the Ottomans (Osmanlılar).

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Ottoman Egypt

Ottoman Egypt was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856

The Imperial Reform Edict (اصلاحات خط همايونى, Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümâyûnu; Modern Islâhat Fermânı) was a February 18, 1856 edict of the Ottoman government and part of the Tanzimat reforms.

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Ottoman Syria

Ottoman Syria (سوريا العثمانية) was a group of divisions of the Ottoman Empire within the region of Syria, usually defined as being east of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the Euphrates River, north of the Arabian Desert and south of the Taurus Mountains.

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Ottoman wars in Europe

A series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states took place from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century. Crimean War and Ottoman wars in Europe are wars involving the Ottoman Empire.

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Pacific Fleet (Russia)

The Pacific Fleet (Tikhookeansky flot) is the Russian Navy fleet in the Pacific Ocean.

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Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.

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Palestine (region)

The region of Palestine, also known as Historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia.

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Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories.

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Pavel Muratov

Pavel Pavlovich Muratov (Па́вел Па́влович Мура́тов), also known as Paul Muratov or Paul Muratoff (– February 5, 1950), was a Russian essayist, novelist, art historian, critic and playwright.

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Pavel Nakhimov

Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov (Павел Степанович Нахимов.,; &ndash) was a Russian admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy known for his victory in the Battle of Sinop and his leadership in the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) during the Crimean War.

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Peace Concluded

Peace Concluded, 1856 (1856) is a painting by John Everett Millais which depicts a wounded British officer reading The Times newspaper's report of the end of the Crimean War.

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Peter the Great

Peter I (–), was Tsar of all Russia from 1682, and the first Emperor of all Russia, known as Peter the Great, from 1721 until his death in 1725.

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Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Петропавловск-Камчатский) is a city and the administrative center of Kamchatka Krai, Russia.

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Pipe-and-cable-laying plough

A pipe-and-cable-laying plough or moleplough is a method to bury cables or pipes.

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Piraeus

Piraeus (Πειραιάς; Πειραιεύς; Ancient:, Katharevousa) is a port city within the Athens-Piraeus urban area, in the Attica region of Greece.

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Plateway

A plateway is an early kind of railway, tramway or wagonway, where the rails are made from cast iron.

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Port of Sevastopol

200px Sevastopol Marine Trade Port (SMTP) is a port in Sevastopol.

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Poti

Poti (ფოთი; Mingrelian: ფუთი; Laz: ჶაში/Faşi or ფაში/Paşi) is a port city in Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti in the west of the country.

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Presidencies and provinces of British India

The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent.

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Principality of Bulgaria

The Principality of Bulgaria (Knyazhestvo Balgariya) was a vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.

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Principality of Montenegro

The Principality of Montenegro (Knjaževina Crna Gora) was a principality in Southeastern Europe that existed from 13 March 1852 to 28 August 1910.

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Principality of Serbia

The Principality of Serbia (Knjažestvo Srbija) was an autonomous state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution, which lasted between 1804 and 1817.

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Prussia

Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.

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Prut

The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth;, Прут) is a river in Eastern Europe.

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Qajar Iran

The Sublime State of Iran, commonly referred to as Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, Sublime State of Persia, and also the Guarded Domains of Iran, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani.

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R. B. McCallum

Ronald Buchanan McCallum (28 August 1898 in Paisley, Renfrewshire – 18 May 1973 in Letcombe Regis, Berkshire) was a British historian.

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Rail transport

Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel rails.

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Redoubt Kali

Redoubt Kali (რედუტ-კალე) was a Russian fort on the east coast of the Black Sea.

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Richard Cobden

Richard Cobden (3 June 1804 – 2 April 1865) was an English Radical and Liberal politician, manufacturer, and a campaigner for free trade and peace.

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Richard Delafield

Richard Delafield (September 1, 1798 – November 5, 1873) was a United States Army officer for 52 years.

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Robert Fulton

Robert Fulton (November 14, 1765 – February 24, 1815) was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the world's first commercially successful steamboat, the (also known as Clermont).

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Roger Fenton

Roger Fenton (28 March 1819 – 8 August 1869) was a British photographer, noted as one of the first war photographers.

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Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

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Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast

Rostov (p) is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring.

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Rostov-on-Don

Rostov-on-Don is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia.

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Royal Engineers

The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually called the Royal Engineers (RE), and commonly known as the Sappers, is the engineering arm of the British Army.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Russian colonization of North America

From 1732 to 1867, the Russian Empire laid claim to northern Pacific Coast territories in the Americas.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Russian ship of the line Rossiya

Rossiya (Россия) was the 120/128-gun first-rate ship of the line built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the late 1830s.

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Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1686–1700 was part of the joint European effort to confront the Ottoman Empire. Crimean War and Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) are military history of Ukraine and Russo-Turkish wars.

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Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 resulted from the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829; war broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian ships and in November 1827 revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention in retaliation for the participation of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Battle of Navarino of October 1827. Crimean War and Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) are military history of Georgia (country), Nicholas I of Russia, Russo-Turkish wars, wars involving France, wars involving the Ottoman Empire, wars involving the Russian Empire and wars involving the United Kingdom.

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Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

The Russo-Turkish War (lit, named for the year 1293 in the Islamic calendar; Russko-turetskaya voyna, "Russian–Turkish war") was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire which included Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Crimean War and Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) are Alexander II of Russia, Russo-Turkish wars, wars involving Chechnya and wars involving Egypt.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

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Sakhalin

Sakhalin (p) is an island in Northeast Asia.

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Sapper

A sapper, also called a combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair.

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Sardinian expeditionary corps in the Crimean War

The Kingdom of Sardinia sided with France, Britain and the Ottoman Empire against Russia during the Crimean War (October 1853 – February 1856) and sent an expeditionary force to the Crimea in 1855.

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Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.

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Sea of Azov

The Sea of Azov is an inland shelf sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about) Strait of Kerch, and sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea.

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Sea of Azov naval campaign (1855)

During the Crimean War (1853–1856), a naval campaign was fought in the Sea of Azov between the Royal Navy and the French Navy against the Russian Navy between 25 May–22 November 1855.

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Second French Empire

The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was an Imperial Bonapartist regime, ruled by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third French Republics.

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Second Italian War of Independence

The Second Italian War of Independence, also called the Sardinian War, the Austro-Sardinian War, the Franco-Austrian War, or the Italian War of 1859 (Italian: Seconda guerra d'indipendenza italiana; German: Sardinischer Krieg; French: Campagne d'Italie), was fought by the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia against the Austrian Empire in 1859 and played a crucial part in the process of Italian Unification. Crimean War and Second Italian War of Independence are wars involving France.

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Serbian Revolution

The Serbian Revolution (Српска револуција / Srpska revolucija) was a national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia that took place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Ottoman province into a rebel territory, a constitutional monarchy, and modern Serbia.

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Serbs

The Serbs (Srbi) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history, and language.

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Sevastopol

Sevastopol, sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea and a major port on the Black Sea.

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Sevastopol Bay

Sevastopol Bay (Севастопольська бухта; Севастопольская бухта) is a city harbor that includes a series of smaller bays carved out its shores.

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Sevastopol Sketches

The Sevastopol Sketches (pre-reform Sevastópolʹskiye razskázy; post-reform Sevastópolʹskiye rasskázy), translated into English as Sebastopol Sketches or Sebastopol Stories or Sevastopol, are three short stories by Leo Tolstoy published in 1855 to record his experiences during the previous year's siege of Sevastopol in Crimea.

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Shell (projectile)

A shell, in a military context, is a projectile whose payload contains an explosive, incendiary, or other chemical filling.

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Shepard B. Clough

Shepard Bancroft Clough (December 6, 1901 – June 7, 1990) was an American economic historian.

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Ship of the line

A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century.

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Sick man of Europe

"Sick man of Europe" is a label given to a state located in Europe experiencing economic difficulties, social unrest or impoverishment. Crimean War and Sick man of Europe are Nicholas I of Russia.

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Siege of Calafat

The siege of Calafat took place in 1854 during the Crimean War.

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Siege of Kars

The siege of Kars was the last major operation of the Crimean War.

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Siege of Metz (1870)

The Siege of Metz was a battle fought during the Franco-Prussian War from August 19 to October 27, 1870 and ended in a decisive allied German victory.

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Siege of Petropavlovsk

The siege of Petropavlovsk was a military operation in the Pacific theatre of the Crimean War.

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Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)

The Siege of Sevastopol (at the time called in English the Siege of Sebastopol) lasted from October 1854 until September 1855, during the Crimean War.

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Siege of Sevastopol (panorama)

The Siege of Sevastopol is a painted panorama by the Russian artist Franz Roubaud.

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Siege of Silistria

The siege of Silistria, or siege of Silistra, took place during the Crimean War, from 11 May to 23 June 1854, when Russian forces besieged the Ottoman fortress of Silistria (present-day Bulgaria).

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Siege of Taganrog

The siege of Taganrog is a name given in some Russian histories to Anglo-French naval operations in the Sea of Azov between June and November 1855 during the Crimean War.

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Silistra

Silistra (Силистра; Silistre; Silistra or Dârstor) is a town in Northeastern Bulgaria.

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Sinop, Turkey

Sinop, historically known as Sinope (Σινώπη), is a city on the isthmus of İnce Burun (İnceburun, Cape Ince) and on the Boztepe Peninsula, near Cape Sinope (Sinop Burnu, Boztepe Cape, Boztepe Burnu) which is situated on the northernmost edge of the Turkish side of the Black Sea coast, in the ancient region of Paphlagonia, in modern-day northern Turkey.

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Solovetsky Islands

The Solovetsky Islands (p), or Solovki (p), are an archipelago located in the Onega Bay of the White Sea, Russia.

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Southern Bessarabia

Southern Bessarabia or South Bessarabia is a territory of Bessarabia which, as a result of the Crimean War, was returned to the Moldavian Principality in 1856.

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St Martin-in-the-Fields

St Martin-in-the-Fields is a Church of England parish church at the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, London.

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Status Quo (Jerusalem and Bethlehem)

The Status Quo (סטטוס קוו; الوضع الراهن) is an understanding among religious communities with respect to nine shared religious sites in Jerusalem and Bethlehem.

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Strategic frivolity

Strategic frivolity in the foreign policy defines shortsighted political decisions that are not connected to the long-term interests of the country making these decisions.

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Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe

Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, (4 November 1786 – 14 August 1880) was a British diplomat who became best known as the longtime British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire.

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Sublime Porte

The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (Bāb-ı Ālī or Babıali, from gate and عالي), was a synecdoche or metaphor used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul.

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Suing for peace

Suing for peace is an act by a warring party to initiate a peace process.

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Sukhumi

Sukhumi (see also other names) is a city in a wide bay on the Black Sea's eastern coast.

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Suomenlinna

Suomenlinna (until 1918 Viapori), or Sveaborg, is an inhabited sea fortress composed of eight islands, of which six have been fortified; it is about 4 km southeast of the city center of Helsinki, the capital of Finland.

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Suzerainty

Suzerainty includes the rights and obligations of a person, state, or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state but allows the tributary state internal autonomy.

See Crimean War and Suzerainty

Taganrog

Taganrog (Таганрог) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River.

See Crimean War and Taganrog

Taganrog Bay

Taganrog Bay (Таганрозька затока) is the northeastern arm of the Sea of Azov.

See Crimean War and Taganrog Bay

Telegraphy

Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message.

See Crimean War and Telegraphy

The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)

"The Charge of the Light Brigade" is an 1854 narrative poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson about the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War.

See Crimean War and The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)

The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

See Crimean War and The Independent

The Thin Red Line (Battle of Balaclava)

The Thin Red Line described an episode of the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854, during the Crimean War.

See Crimean War and The Thin Red Line (Battle of Balaclava)

The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

See Crimean War and The Times

The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

See Crimean War and The Washington Post

Thessaly

Thessaly (translit; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name.

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Thomas Milner Gibson

Thomas Milner Gibson PC (3 September 1806 – 25 February 1884) was a British politician.

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Timothy (tortoise)

Timothy (c. 1844 – 3 April 2004) was a Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise, estimated to be about 160 years old at the time of her death.

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Torpedo

A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, and with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target.

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Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square is a public square in the City of Westminster, Central London, established in the early 19th century around the area formerly known as Charing Cross.

See Crimean War and Trafalgar Square

Trajan's Wall

Trajan's Wall (Valul lui Traian in Romanian) is the name used for several linear earthen fortifications (valla) found across Eastern Europe, Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine.

See Crimean War and Trajan's Wall

Transylvania

Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.

See Crimean War and Transylvania

Treaty of Adrianople (1829)

The Treaty of Adrianople (also called the Treaty of Edirne) concluded the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29, between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

See Crimean War and Treaty of Adrianople (1829)

Treaty of Balta Liman

The 1838 Treaty of Balta Liman, or the Anglo-Ottoman Treaty, is a formal trade agreement signed between the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire and Great Britain.

See Crimean War and Treaty of Balta Liman

Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi

The Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi (once commonly spelled Unkiar Skelessi, and translating to The Treaty of "the Royal Pier" or "the Sultan's Pier") was a treaty signed between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on July 8, 1833, following the military aid of Russia against Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt that same year. Crimean War and treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi are Russo-Turkish wars.

See Crimean War and Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi

Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması; Кючук-Кайнарджийский мир), formerly often written Kuchuk-Kainarji, was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kaynardzha, Bulgaria) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74 with many concessions to Russia. Crimean War and treaty of Küçük Kaynarca are Russo-Turkish wars.

See Crimean War and Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

Treaty of Paris (1856)

The Treaty of Paris of 1856 brought an end to the Crimean War between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia. Crimean War and Treaty of Paris (1856) are Russo-Turkish wars.

See Crimean War and Treaty of Paris (1856)

Tsinandali

Tsinandali (წინანდალი) is a village in Kakheti, Georgia, situated in the district of Telavi, 79 km east of Tbilisi.

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Tskhenistsqali

Tskhenistsqali (ცხენისწყალი, Cxenisċqali, also: Tskhenistskali) is a river in northern Georgia.

See Crimean War and Tskhenistsqali

Unification of Germany

The unification of Germany was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).

See Crimean War and Unification of Germany

Unification of Italy

The unification of Italy (Unità d'Italia), also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th century political and social movement that in 1861 resulted in the consolidation of various states of the Italian Peninsula and its outlying isles into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy.

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Union between Sweden and Norway

Sweden and Norway or Sweden–Norway (Svensk-norska unionen; Den svensk-norske union(en)), officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, and known as the United Kingdoms, was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under a common monarch and common foreign policy that lasted from 1814 until its peaceful dissolution in 1905.

See Crimean War and Union between Sweden and Norway

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.

See Crimean War and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia

The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (Principatele Unite ale Moldovei și Țării Românești), commonly called United Principalities or Wallachia and Moldavia, was the personal union of the Principality of Moldavia and the Principality of Wallachia.

See Crimean War and United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

See Crimean War and United States

United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

See Crimean War and United States Army

Urup

Urup (Uruppu-tō; Urúp, Urup) is an uninhabited volcanic island in the Kuril Islands chain in the south of the Sea of Okhotsk, northwest Pacific Ocean.

See Crimean War and Urup

Vakhtang Orbeliani

Prince Vakhtang Orbeliani (ვახტანგ ორბელიანი) (5 April 1812 – 29 September 1890) was a Georgian Romanticist poet and soldier in the Imperial Russian service, of the noble House of Orbeliani.

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Varna, Bulgaria

Varna (Варна) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and in the Northern Bulgaria region.

See Crimean War and Varna, Bulgaria

Vassal

A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.

See Crimean War and Vassal

Vassal state

A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe.

See Crimean War and Vassal state

Vasylkiv

Vasylkiv (Васильків,, Васильков, Vasilkov) is a city on the Stuhna River in Obukhiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast, central Ukraine.

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Veteran

A veteran is a person who has significant experience (and is usually adept and esteemed) and expertise in an occupation or field.

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Vidin

Vidin (Видин) is a port city on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria.

See Crimean War and Vidin

Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

See Crimean War and Vienna

Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (lit,; Old Romanian: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рꙋмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia).

See Crimean War and Wallachia

War correspondent

A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

See Crimean War and War correspondent

War photography

War photography involves photographing armed conflict and its effects on people and places.

See Crimean War and War photography

Western Europe

Western Europe is the western region of Europe.

See Crimean War and Western Europe

White Sea

The White Sea (Beloye more; Karelian and lit; Serako yam) is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia.

See Crimean War and White Sea

Wild Fields

The Wild Fields (translit, translit, Dzikie pola, Dykra, Loca deserta or campi deserti inhabitati, also translated as "the wilderness") is a historical term used in the Polish–Lithuanian documents of the 16th to 18th centuries to refer to the Pontic steppe in the territory of present-day Eastern and Southern Ukraine and Western Russia, north of the Black Sea and Azov Sea.

See Crimean War and Wild Fields

William Edward David Allen

William Edward David Allen OBE (6 January 1901 – 18 September 1973) was a British scholar, Foreign Service officer, fascist politician and businessman, best known as a historian of the South Caucasus—notably Georgia.

See Crimean War and William Edward David Allen

William Howard Russell

Sir William Howard Russell, (28 March 182710 February 1907) was an Irish reporter with The Times, and is considered to have been one of the first modern war correspondents.

See Crimean War and William Howard Russell

William Simpson (Scottish artist)

William Simpson (28 October 1823 – 17 August 1899) was a Scottish artist, war artist and war correspondent.

See Crimean War and William Simpson (Scottish artist)

Winfried Baumgart

Winfried Baumgart (born 29 September 1938) is a German historian.

See Crimean War and Winfried Baumgart

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Crimean War and World War I are Russo-Turkish wars, wars involving France, wars involving Greece, wars involving Italy, wars involving the Ottoman Empire, wars involving the Russian Empire and wars involving the United Kingdom.

See Crimean War and World War I

Yegor Tolstoy

Count Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy Граф Егор Петрович Толстой; 19 July 1802 – 12 March 1874) was an Imperial Russian lieutenant-general, senator, and governor of Taganrog, Kaluga, and Penza.

See Crimean War and Yegor Tolstoy

Yeni-Kale

Yeni-Kale (Єні-Кале; Еникале; Yenikale; Yeñi Qale, also spelled as Yenikale and Eni-Kale and Yeni-Kaleh or Yéni-Kaleb) is a fortress on the shore of Kerch Strait in the city of Kerch.

See Crimean War and Yeni-Kale

Yevfimiy Putyatin

Yevfimiy Vasilyevich Putyatin (Евфи́мий Васи́льевич Путя́тин; 8 November 1803 – 16 October 1883), also known as was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy.

See Crimean War and Yevfimiy Putyatin

Yevpatoria

Yevpatoria (Yevpatoriia; Yevpatoriya;; Eupatoría) is a city in Western Crimea, north of Kalamita Bay.

See Crimean War and Yevpatoria

Zaporozhian Cossacks

The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host, (or label) or simply Zaporozhians (translit-std) were Cossacks who lived beyond (that is, downstream from) the Dnieper Rapids.

See Crimean War and Zaporozhian Cossacks

1854 bombardment of Odessa

The Bombardment of Odessa was an action during the Crimean War in which a joint Anglo-French squadron of warships attacked the Russian port of Odessa.

See Crimean War and 1854 bombardment of Odessa

93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot

The 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot was a Line Infantry Regiment of the British Army, raised in 1799.

See Crimean War and 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_War

Also known as Baltic Campaign of 1854, Baltic theatre of the Crimean War, Battles of the Crimean War, Cremean War, Crim war, Crimea War, Crimean War (1853), Crimean expedition, Crimean struggle, Oriental War, Paris Peace Conference, 1856, Russo-Turkish War, 1853-1856, Russo-Turkish War, 1853-56, The Crimean War, War of Crimea.

, Battle of Nezib, Battle of Oltenița, Battle of Sedan, Battle of Sinop, Battle of Suomenlinna, Battle of the Alma, Battle of the Chernaya, Battle of the Great Redan, Battle of Waterloo, Batumi, Beşik Bay, Çanakkale, Beirut, Benjamin Disraeli, Black Sea, Black Sea Fleet, Blockship, Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian Crisis, Bosporus, British Army during the Victorian Era, British Empire, Bucharest, Bulgaria, Bulgarians, Buoy, Calafat, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Caracal, Romania, Casus belli, Catherine the Great, Catholic Church, Caucasus, Cetate, Dolj, Chargé d'affaires, Charge of the Light Brigade, Charles Napier (Royal Navy officer), Charles, Marquis de La Valette, Chernihiv Governorate, Chios massacre, Choloki, Christianity in the Ottoman Empire, Church of the Nativity, Circassians, Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde, Concert of Europe, Congress of Paris (1856), Congress of Vienna, Constanța, Constantinople, Convention of London (1840), Corvée, Cossacks, Count Karl Ferdinand von Buol, Crimea, Crimean Khanate, Crimean Tatars, Crimean War Research Society, Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe, Cyprus, Danube, Danube Delta, Danubian Principalities, Dardanelles, David Price (Royal Navy officer), David Urquhart, Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, Depaldo Stairs, Dhimmi, Dmitry Milyutin, Dnieper, Doğubayazıt, Dobruja, Don (river), Don Cossacks, Don Pacifico affair, Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Eastern Christianity, Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern question, Egyptian intervention in the Crimean War, Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833), Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841), Electrical telegraph, Emancipation reform of 1861, Emperor of the French, Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Enguri, Epirus, Epirus Revolt of 1854, Erzurum, European balance of power, Far East, Fascine, Finland, First Balkan War, First Lord of the Admiralty, First Opium War, FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan, Fleet in being, Florence Nightingale, Foreign policy of the Russian Empire, Foreign Secretary, Franco-Prussian War, French Army, French conquest of Algeria, French invasion of Russia, French ship Charlemagne (1851), French Third Republic, Friedrich Engels, Frigate, Gabion, Gallipoli, George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, George Hamilton Seymour, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Georgia (country), Georgians, Georgiy Evseevich Eristov, German Empire, Giurgiu, Gogland, Government reforms of Alexander II of Russia, Governor of Taganrog, Grand Crimean Central Railway, Grand Duchy of Finland, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia, Great Armament, Great Game, Great power, Great Storm of 1854, Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, Greek tortoise, Greek Volunteer Legion, Greek War of Independence, Grigory Potemkin, Gulf of Finland, Gunboat, Gunboat diplomacy, Gunpowder, Gyumri, Hellenic Army, Helsinki, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Henry Kissinger, Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley, History of the Russo-Turkish wars, History Today, HMS Fury (1845), HMS Grinder (1855), HMS Miranda (1851), Holy Alliance, House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn, Hungarian Revolution of 1848, Hurst and Blackett, Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, Imam Shamil, Immanuel Nobel, Imperial Russian Army, Imperial Russian Navy, Indian Rebellion of 1857, Infantry square, International Affairs (journal), International relations (1814–1919), International Relations (journal), Iran, Ironclad warship, Ivan Krasnov, Ivan Paskevich, Ivane Andronikashvili, Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud, James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, Janissary, Jizya, John Bright, John Fox Burgoyne, Kacha, Sevastopol, Kadikoi, Kalamita Bay, Kamchatka Peninsula, Kamiesch, Karl Marx, Karl Nesselrode, Kars, Kerch, Kerch Strait, Kiev Governorate, Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kola, Russia, Kronstadt, Kuril Islands, Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom), Lebanon, Leo Tolstoy, List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Russia, List of British recipients of the Légion d'Honneur for the Crimean War, List of Crimean War Victoria Cross recipients, List of Latin phrases (U), Lombardy, London, London Straits Convention, Louis Nolan, Mahmud II, Mamelon (fort), Marani, Georgia, Mary Seacole, Mascot, Materiel, Mediterranean Sea, Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov, Mikhail Pogodin, Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov, Minié rifle, Ministry of War of the Russian Empire, Mius, Moldavia, Moscow State University, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Napoleon III, Napoleonic Wars, Naval mine, New-York Tribune, Nicholas I of Russia, Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky, Nikolay Pirogov, Nikolskaya sopka, Nile Delta, Nitroglycerin, North Caucasus, Nursing, Odesa, Oltenița, Omar Pasha, Order of Nakhimov, Orlando Figes, Otto of Greece, Otto von Bismarck, Ottoman Crete, Ottoman dynasty, Ottoman Egypt, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856, Ottoman Syria, Ottoman wars in Europe, Pacific Fleet (Russia), Pacific Ocean, Palestine (region), Parliament of the United Kingdom, Pavel Muratov, Pavel Nakhimov, Peace Concluded, Peter the Great, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Pipe-and-cable-laying plough, Piraeus, Plateway, Port of Sevastopol, Poti, Presidencies and provinces of British India, Principality of Bulgaria, Principality of Montenegro, Principality of Serbia, Prussia, Prut, Qajar Iran, R. B. McCallum, Rail transport, Redoubt Kali, Richard Cobden, Richard Delafield, Robert Fulton, Roger Fenton, Romania, Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast, Rostov-on-Don, Royal Engineers, Royal Navy, Russian colonization of North America, Russian Empire, Russian ship of the line Rossiya, Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700), Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Saint Petersburg, Sakhalin, Sapper, Sardinian expeditionary corps in the Crimean War, Scandinavia, Sea of Azov, Sea of Azov naval campaign (1855), Second French Empire, Second Italian War of Independence, Serbian Revolution, Serbs, Sevastopol, Sevastopol Bay, Sevastopol Sketches, Shell (projectile), Shepard B. Clough, Ship of the line, Sick man of Europe, Siege of Calafat, Siege of Kars, Siege of Metz (1870), Siege of Petropavlovsk, Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), Siege of Sevastopol (panorama), Siege of Silistria, Siege of Taganrog, Silistra, Sinop, Turkey, Solovetsky Islands, Southern Bessarabia, St Martin-in-the-Fields, Status Quo (Jerusalem and Bethlehem), Strategic frivolity, Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, Sublime Porte, Suing for peace, Sukhumi, Suomenlinna, Suzerainty, Taganrog, Taganrog Bay, Telegraphy, The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem), The Independent, The Thin Red Line (Battle of Balaclava), The Times, The Washington Post, Thessaly, Thomas Milner Gibson, Timothy (tortoise), Torpedo, Trafalgar Square, Trajan's Wall, Transylvania, Treaty of Adrianople (1829), Treaty of Balta Liman, Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi, Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, Treaty of Paris (1856), Tsinandali, Tskhenistsqali, Unification of Germany, Unification of Italy, Union between Sweden and Norway, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, United States, United States Army, Urup, Vakhtang Orbeliani, Varna, Bulgaria, Vassal, Vassal state, Vasylkiv, Veteran, Vidin, Vienna, Wallachia, War correspondent, War photography, Western Europe, White Sea, Wild Fields, William Edward David Allen, William Howard Russell, William Simpson (Scottish artist), Winfried Baumgart, World War I, Yegor Tolstoy, Yeni-Kale, Yevfimiy Putyatin, Yevpatoria, Zaporozhian Cossacks, 1854 bombardment of Odessa, 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot.

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