Communication

748 relations: Abdullah Hussain, Abraham Lincoln, Afghanistan, Alan Cranston, Alans, Albert Plesman, Aleksis Kivi, Alex Ferguson, Alex Salmond, Alexander Smith (poet), Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan, American Civil War, American Revolutionary War, Amy Cure, Andreas Vesalius, Andy Summers, Anthony Hopkins, Archibald Hoxsey, Arima Yoriyuki, Arthur Guinness, Arthur R. von Hippel, AT&T Corporation, Atje Keulen-Deelstra, Attorney-General for Australia, Avram Hershko, Æthelwulf of Berkshire, Édgar Gerardo Lugo, Émile Loubet, Émilie Le Pennec, Ólafur Thors, Ōmisoka, Baltimore, Baron Waqa, Barry Hughes, Basil Wolverton, Battle of Englefield, Battle of Grozny (1994–95), Battle of Quebec (1775), Battle of Stones River, Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy, Bebe Neuwirth, Belisarius, Bell System, Ben Hannant, Ben Kingsley, Benjamin Ward, Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, Beth Howland, Bianca Maria Sforza, Bill Idelson, ..., Billie Dove, Billy Snedden, Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane, Blue moon, Bob Gilder, Bob Grant (radio host), Bob Shaw, Bobby Byrne (baseball), Boies Penrose, Bojana Jovanovski Petrović, Boris Yeltsin, Brandon Teena, Brent Barry, Bryan Hamilton, Bryon Russell, Bucharest, Burj Khalifa, Burton Cummings, Byzantine Empire, Cahal Daly, Calendar of saints, Calvin Zola, Cape of Good Hope, Carl Dudley, Carlo Gimach, Carlos Morales Quintana, Carmen Contreras-Bozak, Carsten Schlangen, Catherine Labouré, Catherine of Braganza, Catholic Church, Central African Republic, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Edward Stuart, Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine, Charles Koechlin, Cheryl Womack, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, Chris Hallam, Christian, Cliff Richey, Cold War, Commodus, Connie Willis, Consul, Continental Army, Coup d'état, Craig Gordon, Crossing of the Rhine, Curtis Myden, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Dal Stivens, Danes, Danny Holla, Danny McNamara, Daphne Oram, David Dacko, December 2009 lunar eclipse, December 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics), Diane von Fürstenberg, Dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Don James (American football), Donald E. 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Abdullah Hussain

Datuk Abdullah Hussain (25 March 1920 – 31 December 2014) was a Malaysian novelist and writer.

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Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Alan Cranston

Alan MacGregor Cranston (June 19, 1914 – December 31, 2000) was an American politician, journalist and world federalist who served as a United States Senator from California, from 1969 to 1993.

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Alans

The Alans (or Alani) were an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity.

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Albert Plesman

Albert Plesman (7 September 1889 – 31 December 1953) was a Dutch pioneer in aviation and the founder of the KLM, the oldest airline in the world still operating under its original name.

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Aleksis Kivi

Aleksis Kivi, born Alexis Stenvall, (10 October 1834 – 31 December 1872) was a Finnish author who wrote the first significant novel in the Finnish language, Seven Brothers (Finnish title: Seitsemän veljestä).

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Alex Ferguson

Sir Alexander Chapman Ferguson (born 31 December 1941) is a Scottish former football manager and player who managed Manchester United from 1986 to 2013.

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Alex Salmond

Alexander Elliot Anderson Salmond (born 31 December 1954) is a Scottish politician who served as the First Minister of Scotland from 2007 to 2014.

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Alexander Smith (poet)

Alexander Smith (1829/30, likely 31 December 18295 January 1867) was a Scottish poet, labelled as one of the Spasmodic School, and essayist.

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Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan

Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan (امیر محمد اکرم اعوان,; born 31 December 1934 in Noorpur Sethi, British India – died 7 December 2017 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan) was an Islamic scholar and spiritual leader of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah order of Sufism.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.

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Amy Cure

Amy Louise Cure (born 31 December 1992) is an Australian professional track cyclist.

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Andreas Vesalius

Andreas Vesalius (31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564) was a 16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body).

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Andy Summers

Andrew James Somers (born 31 December 1942), known professionally as Andy Summers, is an English guitarist who was a member of the rock band The Police.

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Anthony Hopkins

Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins (born 31 December 1937), better known as Anthony Hopkins, is a Welsh actor, widely considered to be one of the world's greatest living actors.

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Archibald Hoxsey

Archibald Hoxsey (October 15, 1884 – December 31, 1910) was an American aviator who worked for the Wright brothers.

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Arima Yoriyuki

was a Japanese mathematician of the Edo period.

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Arthur Guinness

Arthur Guinness (Irish: Art Mac Aonasa; b. 28 September 1725 – d. 23 January 1803) was an Irish brewer and the founder of the Guinness brewery business and family.

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Arthur R. von Hippel

Arthur Robert von Hippel (November 19, 1898 – December 31, 2003) was a German American materials scientist and physicist.

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AT&T Corporation

AT&T Corp., originally the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, is the subsidiary of AT&T that provides voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.

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Atje Keulen-Deelstra

Atje Keulen-Deelstra (31 December 1938 – 22 February 2013) was a Dutch speed skater, who was a four-time World Allround Champion between the age of 32 and 36.

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Attorney-General for Australia

The Attorney-General for AustraliaThe title is officially "Attorney-General".

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Avram Hershko

Avram Hershko (אברהם הרשקו; born 31 December 1937) is a Hungarian-born Israeli biochemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.

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Æthelwulf of Berkshire

Æthelwulf of Berkshire (before 825 – 4 January, 871) was a Saxon ealdorman.

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Édgar Gerardo Lugo

Edgar Gerardo Lugo Aranda (December 31, 1984) is a Mexican footballer currently playing at C.S. Herediano, of the Costa Rican first division.

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Émile Loubet

Émile François Loubet (30 December 1838 – 20 December 1929) was the 45th Prime Minister of France and later President of France.

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Émilie Le Pennec

Émilie Le Pennec (born 31 December 1987 in La Garenne-Colombes, Hauts-de-Seine) is a retired French artistic gymnast.

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Ólafur Thors

Ólafur Tryggvason Thors (19 January 1892 – 31 December 1964), the son of Margrét Þorbjörg Kristjánsdóttir and Thor Philip Axel Jensen, was an Icelandic politician of the Independence Party, who served five times as Prime Minister of Iceland.

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Ōmisoka

—or —is a Japanese traditional celebration on the last day of the year.

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Baltimore

Baltimore is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 30th-most populous city in the United States.

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Baron Waqa

Baron Divavesi Waqa (born 31 December 1959) is a Nauruan politician who has been 14th President of Nauru since 11 June 2013.

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Barry Hughes

Barry Hughes (born 31 December 1937) is a Welsh former professional football player and manager, active primarily in the Netherlands.

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Basil Wolverton

Basil Wolverton (July 9, 1909 – December 31, 1978) at the Lambiek Comiclopedia was an American cartoonist and illustrator, and "Producer of Preposterous Pictures of Peculiar People who Prowl this Perplexing Planet." His many publishers included Marvel Comics and Mad magazine.

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Battle of Englefield

The Battle of Englefield was a battle on 31 December 870 at Englefield, near Reading in what is now the English county of Berkshire.

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Battle of Grozny (1994–95)

The First Battle of Grozny was the Russian Army's invasion and subsequent conquest of the Chechen capital, Grozny, during the early months of the First Chechen War.

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Battle of Quebec (1775)

The Battle of Quebec (French: Bataille de Québec) was fought on December 31, 1775, between American Continental Army forces and the British defenders of Quebec City early in the American Revolutionary War.

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Battle of Stones River

The Battle of Stones River (also known as the Second Battle of Murfreesboro) was a battle fought from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, in Middle Tennessee, as the culmination of the Stones River Campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.

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Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy

Infanta Beatrice of Portugal) (31 December 1504 – 8 January 1538) was Duchess of Savoy by marriage to Charles III, Duke of Savoy. She was the Sovereign Countess of Asti from 1531 to 1538.

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Bebe Neuwirth

Beatrice "Bebe" Neuwirth (born December 31, 1958) is an American actress, singer, and dancer.

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Belisarius

Flavius Belisarius (Φλάβιος Βελισάριος, c. 505 – 565) was a general of the Byzantine Empire.

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Bell System

The Bell System was the system of companies, led by the Bell Telephone Company and later by AT&T, which provided telephone services to much of the United States and Canada from 1877 to 1984, at various times as a monopoly.

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Ben Hannant

Benjamin Hannant (born 31 December 1984) is an Australian retired professional rugby league footballer of the 2000s and 2010s.

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Ben Kingsley

Sir Ben Kingsley (born Krishna Pandit Bhanji; 31 December 1943) is an English actor with a career spanning over 50 years.

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Benjamin Ward

Benjamin Ward (August 10, 1926 – June 10, 2002) was the first African American New York City Police Commissioner.

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Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins

Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins (8 February 1807 – 27 January 1894) was an English sculptor and natural history artist renowned for his work on the life-size models of dinosaurs in the Crystal Palace Park in south London.

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Beth Howland

Elizabeth "Beth" Howland (May 28, 1941 – December 31, 2015) was an American actress.

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Bianca Maria Sforza

Bianca Maria Sforza (5 April 1472 – 31 December 1510) was a Queen of the Romans and Holy Roman Empress as the second spouse of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Bill Idelson

Bill Idelson (August 21, 1919 – December 31, 2007) was an actor, writer, director and producer widely known for his teenage role as Rush Gook on the radio comedy Vic and Sade and his recurring television role as Herman Glimscher on The Dick Van Dyke Show in the 1960s.

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Billie Dove

Billie Dove (May 14, 1903 – December 31, 1997) was an American actress.

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Billy Snedden

Sir Billy Mackie Snedden, (31 December 1926 – 27 June 1987) was an Australian politician who served as the leader of the Liberal Party from 1972 to 1975.

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Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane

Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane (בנימין זאב כהנא‎ 3 October 1966 – 31 December 2000) was an Israeli Orthodox rabbi and the son of Rabbi Meir Kahane.

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Blue moon

A blue moon is an additional full moon that appears in a subdivision of a year: either the third of four full moons in a season, or a second full moon in a month of the common calendar.

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Bob Gilder

Robert Bryan Gilder (born December 31, 1950) is an American professional golfer.

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Bob Grant (radio host)

Robert Ciro Gigante, known as Bob Grant (March 14, 1929 – December 31, 2013), was an American radio host.

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Bob Shaw

Robert "Bob" Shaw (31 December 1931 – 11 February 1996) was a science fiction writer and fan from Northern Ireland, noted for his originality and wit.

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Bobby Byrne (baseball)

Robert Matthew Byrne (December 31, 1884 – December 31, 1964) was a third baseman in Major League Baseball.

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Boies Penrose

Boies Penrose (November 1, 1860 – December 31, 1921) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Bojana Jovanovski Petrović

Bojana Jovanovski Petrović (born 31 December 1991) is a Serbian tennis player.

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Boris Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (p; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.

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Brandon Teena

Brandon Teena (born Teena Renae Brandon; December 12, 1972 – December 31, 1993) was an American trans man who was raped and murdered in Humboldt, Nebraska.

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Brent Barry

Brent Robert Barry (born December 31, 1971), commonly known by the nicknames Bones, is an American retired professional basketball player.

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Bryan Hamilton

Bryan Hamilton (born 31 December 1946) is a Northern Irish former professional football player and manager.

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Bryon Russell

Bryon Demetrise Russell (born December 31, 1970) is an American former professional basketball player from San Bernardino, California.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.

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Burj Khalifa

The Burj Khalifa (برج خليفة, Arabic for "Khalifa Tower"; pronounced), known as the Burj Dubai before its inauguration in 2010, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

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Burton Cummings

Burton Lorne Cummings, (born December 31, 1947) is a Canadian musician, singer and songwriter.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).

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Cahal Daly

Cahal Brendan Daly (1 October 1917 – 31 December 2009) was an Irish philosopher, theologian, writer and international speaker and, in later years, a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Calendar of saints

The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint.

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Calvin Zola

Calvin Zola-Makongo (born 31 December 1984), often known simply as Calvin Zola, is a retired English professional footballer who was released by Stevenage in May 2015.

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Cape of Good Hope

The Cape of Good Hope (Kaap die Goeie Hoop, Kaap de Goede Hoop, Cabo da Boa Esperança) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.

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Carl Dudley

Carl Ward Dudley (1910-1973) was an American film director and producer.

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Carlo Gimach

Carlo Gimach (2 March 1651 – 31 December 1730) was a Maltese architect, engineer and poet who was active in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

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Carlos Morales Quintana

Carlos Javier Morales Quintana (born December 31, 1970) is a Spanish architect and yachtsman.

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Carmen Contreras-Bozak

Tech4 Carmen Contreras-Bozak, (December 31, 1919 – January 30, 2017) was the first Hispanic to serve in the U.S. Women's Army Corps (WAC) where she served as an interpreter and in numerous administrative positions.

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Carsten Schlangen

Carsten Schlangen (born 31 December 1980) is a German middle distance runner who specialises in the 1500 metres.

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Catherine Labouré

Saint Catherine Labouré, D.C..

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Catherine of Braganza

Catherine of Braganza (Catarina; 25 November 1638 – 31 December 1705) was queen consort of England, of Scotland and of Ireland from 1662 to 1685, as the wife of King Charles II.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Central African Republic

The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka; République centrafricaine, or Centrafrique) is a landlocked country in Central Africa.

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Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis

Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis KG, PC (31 December 1738 – 5 October 1805), styled Viscount Brome between 1753 and 1762 and known as The Earl Cornwallis between 1762 and 1792, was a British Army general and official.

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Charles Edward Stuart

Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart, grandson of James II and VII and after 1766 the Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain.

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Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine

Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine (Neuburg, 4 November 1661 – Mannheim, 31 December 1742) was a ruler from the house of Wittelsbach.

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Charles Koechlin

Charles Koechlin, baptized Charles-Louis-Eugène Koechlin (27 November 186731 December 1950), was a French composer, teacher and writer on music.

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Cheryl Womack

Verna Cheryl Womack (born December 31, 1950) is an entrepreneur who founded Kansas City, Missouri-based VCW and National Association of Independent Truckers, Inc.

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Chief Justice of the Common Pleas

The Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was the head of the Court of Common Pleas, also known as the Common Bench or Common Place, which was the second-highest common law court in the English legal system until 1875, when it, along with the other two common law courts and the equity and probate courts, became part of the High Court of Justice.

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Chris Hallam

Christopher "Chris" Alexander Hallam, MBE (31 December 1962 – 16 August 2013) was a Welsh Paralympian and wheelchair athlete.

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Christian

A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Cliff Richey

George Clifford Richey Jr. (born December 31, 1946) is an American former amateur and professional tennis player who was active during the 1960s and 1970s.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).

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Commodus

Commodus (31 August 161– 31 December 192AD), born Lucius Aurelius Commodus and died Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, was Roman emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from177 to his father's death in 180, and solely until 192.

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Connie Willis

Constance Elaine Trimmer Willis (born December 31, 1945), commonly known as Connie Willis, is an American science fiction and fantasy writer.

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Consul

Consul (abbrev. cos.; Latin plural consules) was the title of one of the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently a somewhat significant title under the Roman Empire.

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Continental Army

The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe de estado, or an overthrow, is a type of revolution, where the illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus occurs.

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Craig Gordon

Craig Sinclair Gordon (born 31 December 1982) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Scottish club Celtic and the Scotland national team.

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Crossing of the Rhine

The crossing of the Rhine by a mixed group of barbarians that included Vandals, Alans and Suebi is traditionally considered to have occurred on 31 December 406.

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Curtis Myden

Curtis Allen Myden (born December 31, 1973) is a former breaststroke and medley swimmer from Canada, who competed at three consecutive Summer Olympics in 1992, 1996 and 2000.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

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Dal Stivens

Dallas George "Dal" Stivens (31 December 1911 – 16 June 1997) was an Australian writer who produced six novels and eight collections of short stories between 1936, when The Tramp and Other Stories was published, and 1976, when his last collection The Unicorn and Other Tales was released.

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Danes

Danes (danskere) are a nation and a Germanic ethnic group native to Denmark, who speak Danish and share the common Danish culture.

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Danny Holla

Danny Holla (born 31 December 1987) is a Dutch professional football midfielder who plays for Dutch club FC Twente.

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Danny McNamara

Daniel "Danny" Anthony McNamara (31 December 1970 in Halifax) is the lead singer of English band Embrace.

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Daphne Oram

Daphne Oram (31 December 1925 – 5 January 2003) was a British composer and electronic musician.

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David Dacko

David Dacko (24 March 1930 – 20 November 2003) was the 1st President of the Central African Republic from 14 August 1960 to 1 January 1966, and 3rd President from 21 September 1979 to 1 September 1981.

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December 2009 lunar eclipse

A partial lunar eclipse was visible on New Year's Eve, December 31, 2009.

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December 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

December 30 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 1 All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 13 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

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Diane von Fürstenberg

Diane von Fürstenberg, formerly Princess Diane of Fürstenberg (Diane Prinzessin zu Fürstenberg; born Diane Simone Michelle Halfin; December 31, 1946) is a Belgian-American fashion designer best known for her wrap dress.

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Dissolution of Czechoslovakia

The Dissolution of Czechoslovakia (Rozdělení Československa, Rozdelenie Česko-Slovenska), which took effect on 1 January 1993, was an event that saw the self-determined split of the federal state of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, entities that had arisen before as the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic in 1969 within the framework of Czechoslovak federalisation.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Don James (American football)

Donald Earl James (December 31, 1932 – October 20, 2013) was an American football player and coach.

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Donald E. Westlake

Donald Edwin Westlake (July 12, 1933 – December 31, 2008) was an American writer, with over a hundred novels and non-fiction books to his credit.

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Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017.

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Donald Trump Jr.

Donald John Trump Jr. (born December 31, 1977) is an American businessman and former reality television personality.

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Donna Summer

LaDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948May 17, 2012), widely known by her stage name Donna Summer, was an American singer, songwriter, and painter.

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Dorgon

Dorgon (Manchu:, literally "badger"; 17 November 1612 – 31 December 1650), formally known as Prince Rui, was a Manchu prince and regent of the early Qing dynasty.

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Downtown Dubai

Downtown Dubai, previously known as Downtown Burj Dubai, is a large-scale, mixed-use complex under development in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

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Dudley North (economist)

Sir Dudley North (16 May 1641 in Westminster31 December 1691 in London) was an English merchant, politician and economist, a writer on free trade.

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Duke of Normandy

In the Middle Ages, the Duke of Normandy was the ruler of the Duchy of Normandy in north-western France.

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Dupont Plaza Hotel arson

The Dupont Plaza Hotel arson was a fire that occurred at the "Hotel Dupont Plaza" (now San Juan Marriott Resort & Stellaris Casino) in San Juan, Puerto Rico on New Year's Eve, December 31, 1986.

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East India Company

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.

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Edward Bunker

Edward Heward Bunker (December 31, 1933 – July 19, 2005) was an American author of crime fiction, a screenwriter, convicted felon and an actor.

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Edward Herrmann

Edward Kirk Herrmann (July 21, 1943 – December 31, 2014) was an American actor, director, writer, and comedian, best known for his portrayals of Franklin D. Roosevelt on television, Richard Gilmore in Gilmore Girls, a ubiquitous narrator for historical programs on The History Channel and in such PBS productions as Nova, and as a spokesman for Dodge automobiles in the 1990s.

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Efimeris

Efimeris (Εφημερίς) was a Greek language newspaper published in Vienna from 1790 to 1797.

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Eileen Heckart

Eileen Heckart (born Anna Eileen Herbert, March 29, 1919 – December 31, 2001) was an American actress of film, stage, and television.

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Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino

For other women of the same name, see Eleanor Gonzaga (disambiguation) Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino (31 December 1493 – 13 February 1570) was Duchess and sometime regent of Urbino by marriage to Francesco Maria I della Rovere, duke of Urbino.

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Elizabeth Arden

Florence Nightingale Graham (December 31, 1878 – October 18, 1966), who went by the business name Elizabeth Arden, was a Canadian American businesswoman who founded what is now Elizabeth Arden, Inc., and built a cosmetics empire in the United States.

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Elizabeth Arden, Inc.

Elizabeth Arden, Inc. is a major American cosmetics, skin care and fragrance company founded by Elizabeth Arden.

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Elizabeth of Russia

Elizabeth Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́та) Петро́вна) (–), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death.

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Ellen Datlow

Ellen Datlow (born December 31, 1949) is an American science fiction, fantasy, and horror editor and anthologist.

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Elliot Richardson

Elliot Lee Richardson (July 20, 1920 December 31, 1999) was an American lawyer and politician who was a member of the cabinet of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.

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Emperor Go-Yōzei

was the 107th Emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): according to the traditional order of succession.

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Emperor Seiwa

was the 56th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): according to the traditional order of succession.

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Enrico Di Giuseppe

Enrico Di Giuseppe (October 14, 1932 – December 31, 2005) was a celebrated American operatic tenor who had an active performance career from the late 1950s through the 1990s.

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Enrique Maier

Enrique 'Bubi' Maier (December 31, 1910 – August 22, 1981) was a male Spanish tennis player who was mainly active in the 1930s.

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Eric Robson

Eric Robson (born 31 December, 1946) is a television broadcaster, author and documentary film maker who has lived for most of his life in Cumbria, where he has a sheep farm.

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Esteban Loaiza

Esteban Antonio Loaiza Veyna (born December 31, 1971) is a Mexican retired professional baseball pitcher.

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Ettore Sottsass

Ettore Sottsass (14 September 1917 – 31 December 2007) was an Italian architect and designer during the 20th century.

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Euro

The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.

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European Capital of Culture

The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union (EU) for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan-European dimension.

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European Exchange Rate Mechanism

The European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) was a system introduced by the European Economic Community on 13 March 1979, as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe, in preparation for Economic and Monetary Union and the introduction of a single currency, the euro, which took place on 1 January 1999.

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Eurozone

No description.

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Evelyn Knight (singer)

Evelyn Knight (December 31, 1917, Reedville, Virginia – September 28, 2007, San Jose, California) was an American singer of the 1940s and 1950s.

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Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also known as the Central African Federation (CAF), was a semi-independent federation of three southern African territories – the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the British protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland – between 1953 and 1963.

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Felix Rexhausen

Felix Rexhausen (31 December 1932 – 6 February 1992) was a German journalist, editor and author.

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Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station

Firenze Santa Maria Novella (in English Florence Santa Maria Novella) or Stazione di Santa Maria Novella is a terminus railway station in Florence, Italy.

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First Battle of Cannanore

The naval battle of Cannanore (1501/1502) (First Battle of Cannanore) was a naval engagement between the Third Portuguese Armada under João da Nova and the naval forces of Calicut, which had been assembled by the Zamorin against the Portuguese in order to prevent their return to Portugal.

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First Chechen War

The First Chechen War (Пе́рвая чече́нская война́), also known as the First Chechen Сampaign (Пе́рвая чече́нская кампа́ния) or First Russian-Chechen war, was a rebellion by the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria against the Russian Federation, fought from December 1994 to August 1996.

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First Minister of Scotland

The First Minister of Scotland (Prìomh Mhinistear na h-Alba; Heid Meinister o Scotland) is the leader of the Scottish Government.

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First Night

First Night is a North American artistic and cultural celebration on New Year's Eve, taking place from afternoon until midnight.

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Flight lieutenant

Flight Lieutenant (Flt Lt in the RAF and IAF; FLTLT in the RAAF and RNZAF—formerly sometimes F/L in all services) is a junior commissioned air force rank that originated in the Royal Naval Air Service and is still used in the Royal Air Force and many other countries, especially in the Commonwealth.

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Floyd Cramer

Floyd Cramer (October 27, 1933 – December 31, 1997) was an American Hall of Fame pianist who was one of the architects of the Nashville sound.

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Fred Beebe

Frederick Leonard Beebe (December 31, 1879 – October 30, 1957) was a professional baseball player.

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Fred Marriott

Fred Marriott (31 December 1872, Needham, Massachusetts - 28 April 1956) was an American race car driver.

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Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine

Frederick III (1240 – 31 December 1302) was the Duke of Lorraine from 1251 to his death.

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Friedrich Robert Faehlmann

Friedrich Robert Faehlmann (Fählmann) (31 December 1798 in Ao Manor – 22 April 1850 in Tartu) was an Estonian writer, medical doctor and philologist active in Livonia, Russian Empire.

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Gabby Douglas

Gabrielle Christina Victoria Douglas (born December 31, 1995) is an American artistic gymnast.

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Gaul

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.

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Gérard Debreu

Gérard Debreu (4 July 1921 – 31 December 2004) was a French-born American economist and mathematician.

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Günter Rössler

Günter Rössler (January 6, 1926 in Leipzig – December 31, 2012 in Leipzig) was a German photographer who made a name for himself especially in the field of nude art photography.

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General Motors

General Motors Company, commonly referred to as General Motors (GM), is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.

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Geoff Marsh

Geoffrey Robert Marsh (born 31 December 1958) is a former Australian cricketer, coach and selector.

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George Allen (American football coach)

George Herbert Allen (April 29, 1918 – December 31, 1990) was an American football coach in the National Football League and the United States Football League.

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George Kerferd

George Briscoe Kerferd (21 January 1831 – 31 December 1889), Australian colonial politician, was the 10th Premier of Victoria.

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George Lewis (clarinetist)

George Lewis (born Joseph Louis Francois Zenon, July 13, 1900 – December 31, 1968) was an American jazz clarinetist who achieved his greatest fame and influence in the later decades of his life.

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George Marshall

George Catlett Marshall Jr. (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American statesman and soldier.

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George Meade

George Gordon Meade (December 31, 1815 – November 6, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer best known for defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War.

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George Sisler Jr.

George Sisler Jr. (1917 – December 31, 2006) was an American general manager of three Minor League Baseball teams (the Columbus Red Birds, Rochester Red Wings and Columbus Clippers) and served as the president of the International League from 1966 to 1976.

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Gerry Dee

Gerry Dee (born December 31, 1968 in Scarborough, Ontario) is a Canadian actor and stand-up comedian.

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Ghana

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.

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Giannis Dalianidis

Giannis Dalianidis (Γιάννης Δαλιανίδης; 31 December 1923 – 16 October 2010) was a Greek film director.

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Giovanni Alfonso Borelli

Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (28 January 1608 – 31 December 1679) was a Renaissance Italian physiologist, physicist, and mathematician.

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Giovanni Boldini

Giovanni Boldini (31 December 1842 – 11 July 1931) was an Italian genre and portrait painter who lived and worked in Paris for most of his career.

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Giovanni Michelucci

Giovanni Michelucci, Italian architect, urban planner and designer, was born in Pistoia, Tuscany, on 2 January 1891 and died on the night of 31 December 1990, two days before his 100th birthday, at his studio-home in Fiesole, in Florence's hills, now the headquarters of his Foundation.

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Giovanni Pascoli

Giovanni Placido Agostino Pascoli (31 December 1855 – 6 April 1912) was an Italian poet and classical scholar.

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Gong Li

Gong Li (born 31 December 1965) is a Chinese film actress.

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Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1645)

Gonzalo Andrés Domingo Fernández de Córdoba (31 December 1585 – 16 February 1645) was a Spanish military leader during the Eighty Years' War, Thirty Years' War and the War of the Mantuan Succession.

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Gottfried August Bürger

Gottfried August Bürger (December 31, 1747 – June 8, 1794) was a German poet.

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Governor of Oregon

The Governor of Oregon is the head of the executive branch of Oregon's state government and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

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Governor-General of India

The Governor-General of India (or, from 1858 to 1947, officially the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was originally the head of the British administration in India and, later, after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Indian head of state.

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GRAIL

The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) was an American lunar science mission in NASA's Discovery Program which used high-quality gravitational field mapping of the Moon to determine its interior structure.

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Gramercy Park

Gramercy ParkSometimes misspelled as Grammercy is the name of both a small, fenced-in private parkKugel, Seth, The New York Times, July 23, 2006.

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Grégory Coupet

Grégory Coupet (born 31 December 1972) is French former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

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Greater St. Louis

Greater St.

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Grozny

Grozny (p; Соьлжа-ГӀала) is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia.

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Guinness

Guinness is an Irish dry stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness (1725–1803) at St. James's Gate brewery in the capital city of Dublin, Ireland.

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Gustave Courbet

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting.

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Halina Czerny-Stefańska

Halina Czerny-Stefańska (ˈxaˈlina t͡ʂɛrnɨ stɛˈfaj᷉ska December 31, 1922July 1, 2001) was a Polish pianist.

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Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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Helen Dodson Prince

Helen Dodson Prince (December 31, 1905 – February 4, 2002) was an astronomer who pioneered work in solar flares at the University of Michigan.

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Helma Knorscheidt

Helma Knorscheidt (born 31 December 1956 in Nauendorf, Saxony-Anhalt) is an East German shot putter.

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Henri Matisse

Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship.

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Henry Carter Adams

Henry Carter Adams (December 31, 1851 – August 11, 1921) was a U.S. economist and Professor of Political Economy and finance at the University of Michigan.

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Henry Gerber

Henry Gerber (June 29, 1892 in Passau, Bavaria– December 31, 1972) was an early homosexual rights activist in the United States.

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Henry I, Duke of Guise

Henry I, Prince of Joinville, Duke of Guise, Count of Eu (31 December 1550 – 23 December 1588), sometimes called Le Balafré (Scarface), was the eldest son of Francis, Duke of Guise, and Anna d'Este.

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Henry Maitland Wilson

Field Marshal Henry Maitland Wilson, 1st Baron Wilson, (5 September 1881 – 31 December 1964), also known as Jumbo Wilson, was a senior British Army officer of the 20th century.

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Herman Boerhaave

Herman Boerhaave (31 December 1668 – 23 September 1738)Underwood, E. Ashworth.

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Hermann Tilke

Hermann Tilke (born 31 December 1954) is a German engineer, racing driver and circuit designer, who has designed numerous Formula One motor racing circuits.

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Hilla Limann

Hilla Limann (12 December 1934 – 23 January 1998) was the President of Ghana from 24 September 1979 to 31 December 1981.

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Hogmanay

Hogmanay is the Scots word for the last day of the year and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year (Gregorian calendar) in the Scottish manner.

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Horacio Quiroga

Horacio Silvestre Quiroga Forteza (31 December 1878 – 19 February 1937) was a Uruguayan playwright, poet, and short story writer.

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Hugh Nelson (Australian politician)

Sir Hugh Muir Nelson, (31 December 1833 – 1 January 1906) was Premier of Queensland from 1893 to 1898.

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Huguenots

Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.

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Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford

Humphrey (VI) de Bohun (c. 1249He was reported to be 18 ½ years old in the 51st year of the reign of Henry III, and 24 or 26 after the death of his grandfather in 1275. Cokayne (1910–59), pp. 463–6. – 31 December 1298), 3rd Earl of Hereford and 2nd Earl of Essex, was an English nobleman known primarily for his opposition to King Edward I over the Confirmatio Cartarum.Fritze and Robison, (2002).

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Iguanodon

Iguanodon (meaning "iguana-tooth") is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that existed roughly halfway between the first of the swift bipedal hypsilophodontids of the mid-Jurassic and the duck-billed dinosaurs of the late Cretaceous.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Incandescent light bulb

An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to such a high temperature that it glows with visible light (incandescence).

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Indian Airlines flight 814 hijacking

Indian Airlines Flight 814 commonly known as IC 814 was an Indian Airlines Airbus A300 en route from Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu, Nepal to Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi, India on Friday, 24 December 1999, when it was hijacked.

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Inge Helten

Ingeborg "Inge" Helten (born 31 December 1950) is a former athlete from West Germany, who competed mainly in the 100 metres.

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Ion Creangă

Ion Creangă (also known as Nică al lui Ștefan a Petrei, Ion Torcălău and Ioan Ștefănescu; March 1, 1837 – December 31, 1889) was a Moldavian, later Romanian writer, raconteur and schoolteacher.

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Irina Korschunow

Irina Korschunow (31 December 1925 – 31 December 2013) was a German writer.

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Isma'il Pasha

Isma'il Pasha (إسماعيل باشا Ismā‘īl Bāshā, Turkish: İsmail Paşa), known as Ismail the Magnificent (31 December 1830 – 2 March 1895), was the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of the United Kingdom.

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Jacques Cartier

Jacques Cartier (Jakez Karter; December 31, 1491September 1, 1557) was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France.

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Jaime Escalante

Jaime Alfonso Escalante Gutierrez (December 31, 1930 – March 30, 2010) was a Bolivian educator known for teaching students calculus from 1974 to 1991 at Garfield High School, East Los Angeles, California.

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James Avery (actor)

James LaRue Avery (November 27, 1945 – December 31, 2013) was an American actor, voice over artist and poet.

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James I of Aragon

James I the Conqueror (Jaume el Conqueridor, Chaime lo Conqueridor, Jacme lo Conquistaire, Jaime el Conquistador; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276.

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James II of England

James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701An assertion found in many sources that James II died 6 September 1701 (17 September 1701 New Style) may result from a miscalculation done by an author of anonymous "An Exact Account of the Sickness and Death of the Late King James II, as also of the Proceedings at St. Germains thereupon, 1701, in a letter from an English gentleman in France to his friend in London" (Somers Tracts, ed. 1809–1815, XI, pp. 339–342). The account reads: "And on Friday the 17th instant, about three in the afternoon, the king died, the day he always fasted in memory of our blessed Saviour's passion, the day he ever desired to die on, and the ninth hour, according to the Jewish account, when our Saviour was crucified." As 17 September 1701 New Style falls on a Saturday and the author insists that James died on Friday, "the day he ever desired to die on", an inevitable conclusion is that the author miscalculated the date, which later made it to various reference works. See "English Historical Documents 1660–1714", ed. by Andrew Browning (London and New York: Routledge, 2001), 136–138.) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

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Jan Smit (singer)

Jan Smit (born 31 December 1985) is a Dutch singer, television host, actor and football director.

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Jane Badler

Jane Badler (born December 31, 1953, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actress and singer.

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January 0

January 0 is an alternative name for December 31.

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January 1

January 1 is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar.

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Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–1655)

Prince Janusz Radziwiłł, also known as Janusz the Second or Janusz the Younger (Jonušas Radvila, 2 December 1612 – 31 December 1655) was a noble and magnate in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Jason Campbell

Jason S. Campbell (born December 31, 1981) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL).

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Javaris Crittenton

Javaris Cortez Crittenton (born December 31, 1987) is an American former professional basketball player who played for the Los Angeles Lakers, Memphis Grizzlies, and Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Zhejiang Lions of the Chinese Basketball Association, and the Dakota Wizards of the NBA D-League.

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Jean-Bédel Bokassa

Jean-Bédel Bokassa (22 February 1921 – 3 November 1996), also known as Bokassa I of Central Africa and Salah Eddine Ahmed Bokassa, was the ruler of the Central African Republic and its successor state, the Central African Empire, from his coup d'état on 1 January 1966 until overthrown in a subsequent coup (supported by France) on 20 September 1979.

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Jean-François Marmontel

Jean-François Marmontel (11 July 1723 – 31 December 1799) was a French historian and writer, a member of the Encyclopédistes movement.

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Jean-Pierre Rives

Jean-Pierre Rives (born 31 December 1952 in Toulouse, Occitania) is a French former rugby union player and visual artist.

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Jeff Waldstreicher

Jeffrey D. Waldstreicher (born December 31, 1979 in Silver Spring, Maryland) is an American politician from Maryland and a member of the Democratic Party.

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Jennifer Higdon

Jennifer Higdon (born December 31, 1962) is an American composer of classical music and composition teacher.

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Jeremy Heywood

Sir Jeremy John Heywood (born 31 December 1961) is a senior British civil servant who has been the Cabinet Secretary since 1 January 2012, and Head of the Home Civil Service since September 2014.

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Jerry Rawlings

Jerry John Rawlings (born 22 June 1947) is a former head of state and president of Ghana.

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Jerry Turner (anchorman)

Jerry Turner (August 6, 1929 – December 31, 1987) was an American television news anchorman at WJZ-TV in Baltimore, Maryland.

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Jesse Carlson

Jesse Craig Carlson (born December 31, 1980) is an American former professional baseball pitcher.

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Joanna of Bavaria

Joanna of Bavaria (c. 1362 – 31 December 1386), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was German queen from 1376 and Queen of Bohemia from 1378 until her death, by her marriage with the Luxembourg king Wenceslaus.

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Joe Abercrombie

Joe Abercrombie (born 31 December 1974) is a British fantasy writer and film editor.

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Joe Dallesandro

Joseph Angelo D'Allesandro III (born December 31, 1948), better known as Joe Dallesandro, is an American actor and Warhol superstar.

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Joey McIntyre

Joseph Mulrey McIntyre (born December 31, 1972), known professionally as Joey or Joe McIntyre, is an American singer-songwriter and actor.

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Johann Spurzheim

Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (December 31, 1776 – November 10, 1832) was a German physician who became one of the chief proponents of phrenology, which was developed c. 1800 by Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828).

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John Denver

Henry John Deutschendorf Jr. (December 31, 1943 – October 12, 1997), known professionally as John Denver, was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, actor, activist, and humanitarian, whose greatest commercial success was as a solo singer.

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John Flamsteed

John Flamsteed FRS (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal.

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John Frost (British Army officer)

Major General John Dutton (Johnny) Frost CB, DSO & Bar, MC, DL (31 December 1912 – 21 May 1993) was an airborne officer of the British Army best known for being the leader of the small group of British airborne troops that actually arrived at Arnhem bridge during the Battle of Arnhem in Operation Market Garden, in World War II.

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John Moisant

John Bevins Moisant (April 25, 1868 – December 31, 1910), known as the "King of Aviators," was an American aviator, aeronautical engineer, flight instructor, businessman, and revolutionary.

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John Radcliffe (died 1568)

Sir John Radcliffe (bap. 31 December 1539 – 9 November 1568), was the son of Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex, and his third wife, Mary Arundell.

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John Wycliffe

John Wycliffe (also spelled Wyclif, Wycliff, Wiclef, Wicliffe, Wickliffe; 1320s – 31 December 1384) was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, Biblical translator, reformer, English priest, and a seminary professor at the University of Oxford.

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Jonah Jones

Jonah Jones (born Robert Elliott Jones; December 31, 1909 – April 29, 2000) was a jazz trumpeter who created concise versions of jazz and swing and jazz standards that appealed to a mass audience.

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Jonathan Horton

Jonathan Alan Horton (born December 31, 1985) is a retired American artistic gymnast.

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Jorge Alberto da Costa Silva

Jorge Alberto da Costa Silva known as Jorjão or sometimes Jorgeao (literally Big Jorge) (born 31 December 1970) is a former Brazilian footballer.

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José Greco

José Greco (December 23, 1918 – December 31, 2000) was an Italian-born American flamenco dancer and choreographer known for popularizing Spanish dance on the stage and screen in America mostly in the 1950s and 1960s.

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Joseph S. Cullinan

Joseph Stephen Cullinan (December 31, 1860 – March 11, 1937) was a U.S. oil industrialist.

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Jovette Marchessault

Jovette Marchessault (February 9, 1938 – December 31, 2012).

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Jule Styne

Jule Styne (December 31, 1905 – September 20, 1994) was a British-American song writer and composer known for a series of Broadway musicals, which include several famous and frequently revived shows.

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Julie Doucet

Julie Doucet (born December 31, 1965) is a Canadian underground cartoonist and artist, best known for her autobiographical works such as Dirty Plotte and My New York Diary.

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Julio DePaula

Julio César DePaula (born December 31, 1982 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a Major League Baseball relief pitcher who is currently a free agent.

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Julius Meier

Julius L. Meier (December 31, 1874 – July 14, 1937) was an American businessman, civic leader, and politician in the state of Oregon.

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Junot Díaz

Junot Díaz (born December 31, 1968) is a Dominican-American writer, creative writing professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and fiction editor at Boston Review.

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Justin Keating

Justin Keating (7 January 1930 – 31 December 2009) was an Irish Labour Party politician, broadcaster, journalist, lecturer and veterinary surgeon.

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Kade Snowden

Kade Snowden (born 31 December 1986) is a former professional rugby league footballer.

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Kandahar International Airport

Kandahar International Airport (د کندهار نړيوال هوايي ډګر; referred to by ISAF as Kandahar Airfield, KAF) is located south-east of Kandahar City in Afghanistan.

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Kansas Attorney General

The Attorney General of Kansas is a statewide elected official responsible for providing legal services to the state government of Kansas.

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Karl Benz

Karl Friedrich Benz (25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer and automobile engineer.

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Karl Kruuda

Karl Kruuda (born 31 December 1992) is an Estonian rally driver.

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Kenny Roberts

Kenneth Leroy Roberts (born December 31, 1951 in Modesto, California) is an American former professional motorcycle racer and racing team owner.

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Kevin MacMichael

Kevin Scott Macmichael (7 November 1951 – 31 December 2002) was a Canadian guitarist, songwriter and record producer, best known for being a member of the 1980s UK-based pop-rock band, Cutting Crew, who had a number-one hit in 1987 with "(I Just) Died in Your Arms".

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King Kelly

Michael Joseph "King" Kelly (December 31, 1857 – November 8, 1894), also commonly known as "$10,000 Kelly," was an American outfielder, catcher, and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League, International Association, Players' League, and the American Association.

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Kingdom of East Anglia

The Kingdom of the East Angles (Ēast Engla Rīce; Regnum Orientalium Anglorum), today known as the Kingdom of East Anglia, was a small independent kingdom of the Angles comprising what are now the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk and perhaps the eastern part of the Fens.

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Kiribati

Kiribati, officially the Republic of Kiribati (Gilbertese: Ribaberiki Kiribati),.

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KLM

KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, legally Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V., is the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands.

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Konstantin Konik

Konstantin Konik (– 3 August 1936) was an Estonian politician and surgeon, member of the Estonian Salvation Committee Konstantin Konik was born to a working-class family in Tartu; his father made living as a carter.

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Kwanzaa

Kwanzaa is a celebration held in the United States and in other nations of the African diaspora in the Americas and lasts a week.

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Lawrence Beesley

Lawrence Beesley (31 December 1877 – 14 February 1967) was an English science teacher, journalist and author who was a survivor of the sinking of the RMS ''Titanic''.

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Laxman Sivaramakrishnan

Laxman Sivaramakrishnan (born 31 December 1965), popularly known as Siva and LS, is a former Indian cricketer.

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Lý Chiêu Hoàng

Lý Chiêu Hoàng (1218 – 1278) was the ninth and last sovereign of the Lý dynasty from 1224 to 1225 and the only empress regnant in the history of Vietnam.

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Lý dynasty

The Lý dynasty (Nhà Lý, Hán Nôm: 家李), sometimes known as the Later Lý dynasty, was a Vietnamese dynasty that began in 1009 when emperor Lý Thái Tổ overthrew the Early Lê dynasty and ended in 1225, when the empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng (then 8 years old) was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of her husband, Trần Cảnh.

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Leopold V, Duke of Austria

Leopold V (1157 – 31 December 1194), known as the Virtuous (der Tugendhafte), a member of the House of Babenberg, was Duke of Austria from 1177 and Duke of Styria from 1192 until his death.

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Li Shiji

Li Shiji (594The Old Book of Tang indicated that Li Shiji was 75 at the time of his death, while the New Book of Tang indicated that Li Shiji was 85 at the time of his death. Compare Old Book of Tang, vol. 67 with New Book of Tang, vol. 93. The Zizhi Tongjian, while not explicitly stating that Li Shiji was 75 at the time of his death, appeared to follow the Old Book of Tang by quoting Li Shiji as stating that he was satisfied with living almost to 80. See Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 201. (The New Book of Tang, containing apparently the same quote, had a slightly different version that had Li Shiji stating that he was satisfied with living over 80.) – December 31, 669), courtesy name Maogong, posthumously known as Duke Zhenwu of Ying, was a Chinese general who lived in the early Tang dynasty.

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Limann government

This is a listing of the ministers who served in Limann's People's National Party government during the Third Republic of Ghana.

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Line Islands

The Line Islands, Teraina Islands or Equatorial Islands, is a chain of atolls (with partially or fully enclosed lagoons) and coral islands (with a surrounding reef).

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Lionel Daunais

Noël Ferdinand Lionel Daunais, (December 31, 1901 – July 18, 1982) was a French Canadian baritone and composer.

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List of governors of the Duchy of Milan

The Governor of Milan ruled the Duchy of Milan as a representative of the King of Spain (1535–1706) and the Archduke of Austria (1706–1796) and (1799–1800).

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List of heads of state of Ghana

This is a list of the heads of state of Ghana, from the independence of Ghana in 1957 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of the Central African Republic

The following is a complete list of heads of state of the Central African Republic and the Central African Empire.

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List of minor secular observances

This is a list of articles about notable observed periods (days, weeks, months, and years) declared by various governments, groups and organizations to raise awareness of an issue, commemorate a group or event, or celebrate something.

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List of tallest buildings and structures

The world's tallest artificial structure is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates).

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Liveris Andritsos

Liveris Andritsos (Λιβέρης Ανδρίτσος; born December 31, 1959 in Athens, Greece) is a retired Greek professional basketball player and coach.

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Logging

Logging is the cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars.

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Lord Chancellor

The Lord Chancellor, formally the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest ranking among those Great Officers of State which are appointed regularly in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking even the Prime Minister.

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Lord Deputy of Ireland

The Lord Deputy was the representative of the monarch and head of the Irish executive under English rule, during the Lordship of Ireland and then the Kingdom of Ireland.

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Lord High Constable of England

The Lord High Constable of England is the seventh of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Great Chamberlain and above the Earl Marshal.

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Louis XIV of France

Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (Roi Soleil), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

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Luís Carreira

Luis Filipe de Sousa Carreira (31 December 1976 Angola;– 15 November 2012) was a Portuguese motorcycle road racer.

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Ludolph van Ceulen

Ludolph van Ceulen (28 January 1540 – 31 December 1610) was a German-Dutch mathematician from Hildesheim.

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Luis Zuloaga

Luis Zuloaga (December 31, 1922 – May 23, 2013) was a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher.

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Luke Schenscher

Luke Dean Schenscher (born on 31 December 1982 in Hope Forest, South Australia) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Southern Tigers of the Premier League.

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Lyudmila Pakhomova

Lyudmila Alekseyevna Pakhomova (Людмила Алексеевна Пахомова; 31 December 1946 – 17 May 1986) was an ice dancer who competed for the Soviet Union.

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Malawi

Malawi (or; or maláwi), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland.

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Malcolm Campbell

Major Sir Malcolm Campbell (11 March 1885 – 31 December 1948) was a British racing motorist and motoring journalist.

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Malcolm Middleton

Malcolm Bruce Middleton (born 31 December 1973) is a Scottish musician best known for his work with Aidan Moffat in indie band Arab Strap, and his subsequent solo career, writing and producing.

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Mallorca

Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean.

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Manhattan

Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.

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Mani Neumeier

Mani Neumeier (Manfred Neumeier, born December 31, 1940 in Munich) is a German rock musician, free-jazz drummer, artist, and frontman (singer and drummer) of the German Krautrock-band Guru Guru.

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Mannheim

Mannheim (Palatine German: Monnem or Mannem) is a city in the southwestern part of Germany, the third-largest in the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart and Karlsruhe with a 2015 population of approximately 305,000 inhabitants.

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Margaret Holland, Duchess of Clarence

Margaret Holland, Countess of Somerset (1385 – 31 December 1439) was the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, who was the son of Joan "the Fair Maid of Kent" (granddaughter of Edward I of England, wife of Edward the Black Prince and mother of Richard II of England).

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Margaret Simpson

Margaret Simpson (born 31 December 1981 in Krapa) is a Ghanaian heptathlete.

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Margaret, Countess of Anjou

Margaret, Countess of Anjou (1272 – 31 December 1299) was Countess of Anjou and Maine in her own right and Countess of Valois, Alençon, Chartres and Perche by marriage.

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Marie d'Agoult

Marie Catherine Sophie, Comtesse d'Agoult (31 December 18055 March 1876), was a French romantic author, known also by her pen name, Daniel Stern.

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Mario Aerts

Mario Aerts (born 31 December 1974 in Herentals, Belgium) is a former professional road bicycle racer, who competed between 1996 and 2011.

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Marshall McLuhan

Herbert Marshall McLuhan (July 21, 1911December 31, 1980) was a Canadian professor, philosopher, and public intellectual.

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Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion (nearly $ billion in US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.

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Marvin Panch

Marvin Panch (May 28, 1926December 31, 2015) was an American stock car racing driver.

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Mary Logan Reddick

Mary Logan Reddick (31 December 1914 – 1 October 1966) was a neuroembryologist who earned her PhD from Radcliffe College, Harvard University in 1944.

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Matt Cross (wrestler)

Matthew "Matt" Capiccioni (born December 31, 1980) is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring names M-Dogg 20, Matt Cross and Son of Havoc.

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Matthew Hoggard

Matthew James Hoggard, (born 31 December 1976) is a former English cricketer, who played international cricket for England cricket team from 2000–2008, playing both Test cricket and One Day Internationals.

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Matthew Pavlich

Matthew Pavlich (born 31 December 1981) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

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Max Pechstein

Hermann Max Pechstein (December 31, 1881 – June 29, 1955) was a German expressionist painter and printmaker, and a member of the Die Brücke group.

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Menlo Park, New Jersey

Menlo Park is an unincorporated community located within Edison Township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States.

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Michael Goldberg (painter)

Michael Goldberg (December 24, 1924 – December 31, 2007) was an American abstract expressionist painter and teacher known for his gestural action paintings, abstractions and still-life paintings.

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Michael McDonald (comedian)

Michael James McDonald (born December 31, 1964) is an American actor, director, writer, and comedian.

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Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2").

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Mies Bouwman

Maria Antoinette "Mies" Bouwman (31 December 1929 – 26 February 2018) was a Dutch television presenter.

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Miguel de Unamuno

Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) was a Spanish Basque essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector at the University of Salamanca.

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Mihály Fekete

Mihály Fekete (31 December 1884 – 16 April 1960) was a Hungarian actor, screenwriter and film director.

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Milton L. Klein

Milton Lowen Klein, (February 21, 1910 – December 31, 2007) was a Montreal lawyer, a former Member of Parliament and a figure in the Jewish-Canadian community.

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Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation

The Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation (An tAire Gnó, Fiontar agus Nuálaíochta) is the senior minister at the Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation in the Government of Ireland.

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Minister of Education and Research (Estonia)

The Minister of Education and Research is the senior minister at the Ministry of Education and Research (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium) in the Estonian Government.

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Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar

Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, (مظفرالدین شاه قاجار, Mozaffar Ŝāh-e Qājār,; 23 March 1853 – 3 January 1907) was the fifth Qajar king of Persia (Iran), reigning from 1896 until his death in 1907.

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Muhammad bin Qasim

‘Imād ad-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Qāsim ath-Thaqafī (عماد الدين محمد بن القاسم الثقفي; c. 695715) was an Umayyad general who conquered the Sindh and Multan regions along the Indus River (now a part of Pakistan) for the Umayyad Caliphate.

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Muhammadu Buhari

Muhammadu Buhari is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015.

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Murfreesboro, Tennessee

Murfreesboro is a city in, and the county seat of, Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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Natalie Cole

Natalie Maria Cole (February 6, 1950 – December 31, 2015) was an American singer, voice actress, songwriter, and actress.

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Nate Freiman

Nathan Samuel Freiman (born December 31, 1986) is an American former professional baseball first baseman who played for the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball in 2013 and 2014.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Nazi hunter

A Nazi hunter is a private individual who tracks down and gathers information on alleged former Nazis, SS members, and Nazi collaborators who were involved in the Holocaust, typically for use at trial on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

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Nemanja Nikolić (footballer, born 1987)

Nemanja Nikolić (Немања Николић; Nikolics Nemanja; born 31 December 1987) is a Yugoslavian-born Hungarian footballer who plays as a striker for Major League Soccer club Chicago Fire.

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New Year's Day

New Year's Day, also called simply New Year's or New Year, is observed on January 1, the first day of the year on the modern Gregorian calendar as well as the Julian calendar.

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New Year's Eve

In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve (also known as Old Year's Day or Saint Sylvester's Day in many countries), the last day of the year, is on 31 December which is the seventh day of Christmastide.

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New York City Police Department

The City of New York Police Department, commonly known as the NYPD, is the primary law enforcement and investigation agency within the five boroughs of New York City.

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Nicholas Sparks

Nicholas Charles Sparks (born December 31, 1965) is an American romance novelist and screenwriter.

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Nicolas Calas

Nicolas Calas (Νικόλαος Κάλας) (May 27, 1907 – December 31, 1988) was the pseudonym of Nikos Kalamaris (Νίκος Καλαμάρης), a Greek-American poet and art critic.

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Nigel Rudd

Sir Nigel Rudd, (born 31 December 1946 in Derby, England) is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.

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Nikos Ploumpidis

Nikos Ploumpidis (also Ploumbidis) (31 December 1902 – 14 August 1954) was in the leading cadre of the Greek Communist Party during the Second World War and a famous member of the wartime anti-Nazi resistance.

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Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (officially Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne, or the Swedish National Bank's Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel), commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics, is an award for outstanding contributions to the field of economics, and generally regarded as the most prestigious award for that field.

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Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.

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Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.

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Norm Phelps

Norm Phelps (born Norman Nelson Phelps, III) (May 16, 1939 – December 31, 2014) was an American writer.

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Novy God

Novy God is the Russian phrase for "New Year", and also designates the Russian New Year's Eve and New Year's Day celebration.

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Odetta

Odetta Holmes (December 31, 1930 – December 2, 2008), known as Odetta, was an American singer, actress, guitarist, lyricist, and a civil and human rights activist, often referred to as "The Voice of the Civil Rights Movement".

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Oliver St John

Sir Oliver St John (pronounced "Sinjun") (c. 1598 – 31 December 1673), was an English judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1653.

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Operation Nordwind

Operation North Wind (Unternehmen Nordwind) was the last major German offensive of World War II on the Western Front.

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Ostrogoths

The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi, Austrogothi) were the eastern branch of the later Goths (the other major branch being the Visigoths).

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Ottawa

Ottawa is the capital city of Canada.

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Ottokar III of Styria

Ottokar III (1124 – December 31, 1164) was Margrave of Styria from 1129 until 1164.

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Palermo

Palermo (Sicilian: Palermu, Panormus, from Πάνορμος, Panormos) is a city of Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo.

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Palma de Mallorca

Palma de Mallorca, frequently used name for the city of Palma, is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain.

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Panama

Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

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Panama Canal

The Panama Canal (Canal de Panamá) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.

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Panama Canal Zone

The Panama Canal Zone (Zona del Canal de Panamá) was an unincorporated territory of the United States from 1903 to 1979, centered on the Panama Canal and surrounded by the Republic of Panama.

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Pancha Carrasco

Pancha Carrasco (8 April 1826 – 31 December 1890), born Francisca Carrasco Jiménez, was Costa Rica's first woman in the military.

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Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.

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Patrick Chan

Patrick Lewis Wai-Kuan Chan (born December 31, 1990) is a Canadian former competitive figure skater.

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Paul McGregor (rugby league)

Paul "Mary" McGregor (born 31 December 1967) is the head coach of the St. George Illawarra Dragons in the National Rugby League and an Australian former professional rugby league player.

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Paul O'Neill (racing driver)

Paul O'Neill (born 31 December 1979 in Widnes, Cheshire, England) is a British auto racing driver of Irish parentage, and the half-brother of English singer Melanie C.

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Paul Westerberg

Paul Harold Westerberg (born December 31, 1959) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer, guitarist and songwriter in The Replacements, one of the seminal alternative rock bands of the 1980s.

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Penult

Penult is a linguistics term for the second to last syllable of a word.

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People's National Party (Ghana)

The People's National Party (PNP) was the ruling party in Ghana during the Third Republic (1979-1981).

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Per Oscarsson

Per Oscar Heinrich Oscarsson (28 January 1927 – 31 December 2010) was a Swedish actor.

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Persian Constitution of 1906

The Persia Constitution of 1906 (قانون اساسی مشروطه 1906), was the first constitution of Persia (Iran) that resulted from the Persian Constitutional Revolution and it was written by Hassan Pirnia, Hossein Pirnia, and Ismail Mumtaz, among others.

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Pete Quaife

Peter Alexander Greenlaw Quaife (born Kinnes; 31 December 1943 – 23 June 2010) was an English musician, artist and author.

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Peter Ebert

Peter Ebert (born 6 April 1918, Frankfurt am Main, Germany - d. 25 December 2012, Sussex, England) was a German opera director.

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Peter May (cricketer)

Peter Barker Howard May, CBE (31 December 1929 – 27 December 1994) was an English cricketer who played for Surrey, Cambridge University and England.

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Phil Blakeway

Philip John Blakeway (born 31 December 1950) is a former international rugby union player.

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Phill Kline

Phillip D. Kline (born December 31, 1959) is a former Kansas state legislator (1992-2000), former district attorney of Johnson County, and the Attorney General of Kansas from January 2003 to January 2007.

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Phillip Whitehead

Phillip Whitehead (30 May 1937 – 31 December 2005) was a British Labour politician, television producer and writer.

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Phoenix Islands

The Phoenix Islands or Rawaki are a group of eight atolls and two submerged coral reefs, lying in the central Pacific Ocean east of the Gilbert Islands and west of the Line Islands.

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Pierino Belli

Pierino Belli (20 March 1502, Alba - 31 December 1575, Turin) was an Italian soldier and jurist.

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Pierre-Charles Villeneuve

Pierre-Charles-Jean-Baptiste-Silvestre de Villeneuve (31 December 1763 – 22 April 1806) was a French naval officer during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Pius Ncube

Pius Alick Mvundla Ncube (born 31 December 1946) served as the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, until he resigned on 11 September 2007.

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Police commissioner

Police commissioner (also known as the commissioner of police) is a senior rank in many police forces.

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Pope Callixtus III

Pope Callixtus III (31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfons de Borja, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his death in 1458.

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Pope Sylvester I

Pope Sylvester I (also Silvester, died 31 December 335), was Pope of the Catholic Church from 314 to his death in 335.

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Pound sterling

The pound sterling (symbol: £; ISO code: GBP), commonly known as the pound and less commonly referred to as Sterling, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, and Tristan da Cunha.

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Premier of Queensland

The Premier of Queensland is the head of government in the Australian state of Queensland.

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Premier of Victoria

The Premier of Victoria is the Head of government in the Australian state of Victoria.

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President of France

The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.

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President of Georgia

The President of Georgia (საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი, sakartvelos prezidenti) is the head of state and supreme commander-in-chief.

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President of Nauru

The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from among its members, and is both the head of state and the head of government of Nauru.

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President of Russia

The President of the Russian Federation (Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the elected head of state of the Russian Federation, as well as holder of the highest office in Russia and commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces.

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Prime Minister of Iceland

The Prime Minister of Iceland (Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is Iceland's head of government.

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Prime Minister of Russia

The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (translit), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister (translit) is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation.

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Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein

Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Viktoria Adelheid Helene Luise Marie Friederike; 31 December 1885 – 3 October 1970) was the consort of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and is the maternal grandmother of Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.

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Provisional National Defence Council

The Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) was the name of the Ghanaian government after the People's National Party's elected government was overthrown by Jerry Rawlings, the former head of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, on 31 December 1981.

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Psy

Park Jae-sang (born December 31, 1977), known professionally as Psy, stylized PSY, is a South Korean singer, rapper, songwriter, and record producer.

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Public holidays in Azerbaijan

Holidays in Azerbaijan were regulated in the Constitution of Azerbaijan SSR for the first time on 19 May 1921 by the Azeri leader Nariman Narimanov.

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Public holidays in the Philippines

This is a list of public holidays in the Philippines.

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Queen Victoria

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death.

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Quintus Fabius Maximus

Quintus Fabius Maximus (possibly Quintus Fabius Maximus Sanga) (died December 31, 45 BC) was a general and politician of the late Roman Republic who became suffect consul in 45 BC.

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Raidió Teilifís Éireann

Raidió Teilifís Éireann (Radio-Television of Ireland; abbreviated as RTÉ) is a semi-state company and the national public service broadcaster of Ireland.

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Raimond Valgre

Raimond Valgre (born Raimond Tiisel; 7 October 1913 – 31 December 1949) was an Estonian composer and musician, whose songs have become some of the most well known in Estonia.

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Rami Alanko

Rami Alanko (born December 31, 1975) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey player.

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Raoul Walsh

Raoul A. Walsh (March 11, 1887December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) and the brother of the silent screen actor George Walsh.

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Raphael Kaplinsky

Raphael Kaplinsky (born 31 December 1946), is professorial fellow, Science Policy Research Unit, and emeritus professorial fellow, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.

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Ray Graves

Samuel Ray Graves (December 31, 1918 – April 10, 2015) was an American college and professional football player and college football coach.

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Raymond Impanis

Raymond Impanis (19 October 1925 – 31 December 2010) was a Belgian professional cyclist from 1947 to 1963.

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Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı

Rıza Tevfik (Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934; 1869 – 31 December 1949) was a Turkish philosopher, poet, politician of liberal signature and a community leader (for some members among the Bektashi community) of the late-19th-century and early-20th-century.

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Reading, Berkshire

Reading is a large, historically important minster town in Berkshire, England, of which it is the county town.

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René Robert

René Paul Robert (born December 31, 1948) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger who played 12 seasons in the NHL between 1970 and 1982.

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Rex Allen

Rex Elvie Allen (December 31, 1920 – December 17, 1999) was an American film and television actor, singer and songwriter, known as "the Arizona Cowboy" and as the narrator of many Disney nature and Western productions.

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Rhodesia

Rhodesia was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe.

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Richard Montgomery

Richard Montgomery (December 2, 1738 – December 31, 1775) was an Irish soldier who first served in the British Army.

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Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury

Richard Neville, jure uxoris 5th Earl of Salisbury and 7th and 4th Baron Montacute (1400 – 31 December 1460) was a Yorkist leader during the early parts of the Wars of the Roses.

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Richard Owen

Sir Richard Owen (20 July 1804 – 18 December 1892) was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and paleontologist.

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Richie McCaw

Richard Hugh McCaw (born 31 December 1980) is a retired New Zealand rugby union player.

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Rick Aguilera

Richard Warren Aguilera (born December 31, 1961) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher.

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Ricky Nelson

Eric Hilliard Nelson (May 8, 1940 – December 31, 1985) was an American rock and roll star, musician, and singer-songwriter.

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Ricky Whittle

Richard "Ricky" Whittle (born 31 December 1981) is an English actor.

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Rita Lee

Rita Lee (born Rita Lee Jones, December 31, 1947) is a Brazilian rock singer and composer.

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Rizal Day

Rizal Day is a Philippine national holiday commemorating the life and works of José Rizal, one of the Philippines' national heroes.

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Rob Penders

Rob Penders (born 31 December 1975 in Zaandam, North Holland) is a former Dutch footballer who mainly played for NAC Breda during his career.

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Robert Boyle

Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor.

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Robert Goodwill

Robert Goodwill (born 31 December 1956) is a British Conservative Party politician and farmer.

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Robert Grant Aitken

Robert Grant Aitken (December 31, 1864 – October 29, 1951) was an American astronomer.

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Roberto Ciotti

Roberto Ciotti (20 February 1953 – 31 December 2013) was an Italian bluesman, composer and professional guitarist.

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Roberto Clemente

Roberto Enrique Clemente Walker (August 18, 1934 – December 31, 1972) was a Puerto Rican professional baseball right fielder who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates.

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Romanian Television

Televiziunea Română, more commonly referred to as TVR, is the short name for Societatea Românǎ de Televiziune (Romanian Television Corporation), or SRTV—Romanian public television.

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Rosalind Cash

Rosalind Theresa Cash (December 31, 1938October 31, 1995) was an American singer and actress.

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Ross Barbour (singer)

Ross Edwin Barbour (December 31, 1928 – August 20, 2011) was an American singer with the vocal quartet The Four Freshmen.

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Roy Amara

Roy Charles Amara (7 April 1925 – 31 December 2007) was an American researcher, scientist, futurist and president of the Institute for the Future best known for coining Amara's law on the effect of technology.

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Roy Goodall

Frederick Roy Goodall (31 December 1902 – 19 January 1982) was a professional footballer, who played for Huddersfield Town for 16 years and played 25 games for England, 12 as captain.

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Roy Greenslade

Roy Greenslade (born 31 December 1946) is Professor of Journalism at City University London and has been a media commentator since 1992, most especially for The Guardian.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Prussia

Russian Prussia refers to two periods in the history of Prussia.

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Ryan Blaney

Ryan Michael Blaney (born December 31, 1993) is an American professional stock car racing driver.

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Ryan Sakoda

Ryan Sakoda (born December 31, 1974) is a Japanese American professional wrestler.

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S. Arthur Spiegel

S.

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Saint Sylvester's Day

Saint Sylvester's Day, also known as Silvester (also spelled Sylvester, Szilveszter, or Sylwester) or the Feast of Saint Sylvester, is the day of the feast of Pope Sylvester I, a saint who served as Pope of the Western Church from 314 to 335 and oversaw both the First Council of Nicaea and Roman Emperor Constantine I's conversion to Christianity.

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Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état

The Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état was a coup d'état staged by Jean-Bédel Bokassa, leader of the Central African Republic (CAR) army, and his military officers against the government of President David Dacko on 31 December 1965 and 1 January 1966.

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Salman of Saudi Arabia

Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (سلمان بن عبد العزیز آل سعود; born 31 December 1935) is the King of Saudi Arabia, Prime Minister, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and head of the House of Saud.

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Sam Ragan

Samuel Talmadge "Sam" Ragan (December 31, 1915 – May 11, 1996)Representative Eva Clayton of North Carolina.

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Samson Raphael Hirsch

Samson Raphael Hirsch (June 20, 1808 – December 31, 1888) was a German Orthodox rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism.

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Samuel Ajayi Crowther

Samuel Ajayi Crowther (–31 December 1891) was a linguist and the first African Anglican bishop in Nigeria.

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San Juan, Puerto Rico

San Juan (Saint John) is the capital and most populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States.

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Sander Schutgens

Sander Schutgens (born 31 December 1975 in Belfeld, Limburg) is a Dutch runner.

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Sandy Jardine

William "Sandy" Pullar Jardine (31 December 1948 – 24 April 2014) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Hearts and represented Scotland.

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Sarah Miles

Sarah Miles (born 31 December 1941) is an English theatre and film actress.

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Satellite

In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit.

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Scott Ian

Scott Ian (born Scott Ian Rosenfeld; December 31, 1963) is an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist, backing and additional lead vocalist, and the only remaining founding member of the thrash metal band Anthrax.

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Second Nigerian Republic

Following the assassination of Nigerian military Head of State, General Murtala Mohammed in 1976, his successor General Olusegun Obasanjo initiated the transition process to terminate military rule in 1979.

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Sevim Burak

Zeliha Sevim Burak (29 June 1931, Istanbul – 31 December 1983, Istanbul) was a Turkish author.

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Seymour Martin Lipset

Seymour Martin Lipset (March 18, 1922 – December 31, 2006) was an American sociologist.

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Shandon Anderson

Shandon Rodriguez Anderson (born December 31, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1996 to 2006.

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Shanghai

Shanghai (Wu Chinese) is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of China and the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million.

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Shimazu Tadayoshi

was a daimyō (feudal lord) of Satsuma Province during Japan's Sengoku period.

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Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Silvestre Revueltas

Silvestre Revueltas Sánchez (December 31, 1899 – October 5, 1940) was a Mexican composer of classical music, a violinist and a conductor.

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Simon Forman

Simon Forman (31 December 1552 – 5 or 12 September 1611) was an Elizabethan astrologer, occultist and herbalist active in London during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and James I of England.

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Simon Wiesenthal

Simon Wiesenthal (31 December 190820 September 2005) was a Jewish Austrian Holocaust survivor, Nazi hunter, and writer.

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Siné

Maurice Sinet (31 December 1928 – 5 May 2016), known professionally as Siné, was a French political cartoonist.

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Skyscraper

A skyscraper is a continuously habitable high-rise building that has over 40 floors and is taller than approximately.

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Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Society for Human Rights

The Society for Human Rights was an American LGBT Rights organization established in Chicago in 1924.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spencer Trask

Spencer Trask (September 18, 1844 – December 31, 1909) was an American financier, philanthropist, and venture capitalist.

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Sri Lal Sukla

Shrilal Shukla (31 December 1925 – 28 October 2011) was a Hindi writer, notable for his satire.

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Steve Bruce

Stephen Roger Bruce (born 31 December 1960) is an English professional football manager and former player who is currently manager of Aston Villa.

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Steve Rude

Steve Rude (born December 31, 1956) is an American comics artist.

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Suebi

The Suebi (or Suevi, Suavi, or Suevians) were a large group of Germanic tribes, which included the Marcomanni, Quadi, Hermunduri, Semnones, Lombards and others, sometimes including sub-groups simply referred to as Suebi.

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Sunset Hills, Missouri

Sunset Hills is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States.

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Susan Shwartz

Susan Shwartz (born December 31, 1949) is an American author.

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Taipei 101

The Taipei 101 / TAIPEI 101, formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center – is a landmark supertall skyscraper in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan.

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Tarak Mekki

Tarak Mekki (طارق المكي‎ 27 June 1958 – 31 December 2012) was a Tunisian businessman and political figure.

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Tatyana Shmyga

Tatyana Ivanovna Shmyga (Татьяна Ивановна Шмыга; born 31 December 1928 – died 3 February 2011) was a Soviet and Russian operetta/musical theatre performer.

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Taylor Hackford

Taylor Edwin Hackford (born December 31, 1945) is an American film director and former president of the Directors Guild of America.

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Taylor Mead

Taylor Mead (December 31, 1924 – May 8, 2013) was an American writer, actor and performer.

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Ted Glossop

Ted Glossop (1934 – 31 December 1998) was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach.

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Tess Jaray

Tess Jaray (born 31 December 1937) is a British painter and printmaker.

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Texaco

Texaco, Inc. ("The Texas Company") is an American oil subsidiary of Chevron Corporation.

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The Rocket Summer

The Rocket Summer is the solo-project of Bryce Avary who is based in Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas.

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Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter

Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter, KG (c. 1377 – c. 31 December 1426) was an English military commander during the Hundred Years' War, and briefly Chancellor of England.

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Thomas Edison

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor.

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Thomas Erastus

Thomas Erastus (September 7, 1524 – December 31, 1583) was a Swiss physician and theologian.

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Thomas Joannes Stieltjes

Thomas Joannes Stieltjes (29 December 1856 – 31 December 1894) was a Dutch mathematician.

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Tim Matheson

Tim Matheson (born Timothy Lewis Matthieson; December 31, 1947) is an American actor and television director.

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Tim Stevens

Timothy John Stevens, (born 31 December 1946) is a retired British Anglican bishop.

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Times Square

Times Square is a major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center and neighborhood in the Midtown Manhattan section of New York City at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue.

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Tom Hamilton (musician)

Thomas William Hamilton (born December 31, 1951 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States) is an American musician, best known as the bassist for the hard rock bands Aerosmith and Thin Lizzy.

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Tomás Balduino

Tomás Balduíno, O.P. (born Paulo Balduino de Sousa Décio, December 31, 1922 – May 2, 2014) was a Brazilian bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Tommy Byrne (baseball)

Thomas Joseph Byrne (December 31, 1919 – December 20, 2007) was an American left-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for four American League teams from through, primarily the New York Yankees.

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Toni Kuivasto

Toni Kuivasto (born 31 December 1975 in Tampere) is a retired Finnish footballer who last played for Veikkausliigaside FC Haka.

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Tony Dorigo

Anthony Robert Dorigo (born 31 December 1965) is an Australian-born English former professional footballer who played as a defender from 1983 to 2001.

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Tony Kanaan

Antoine Rizkallah Kanaan "Tony" Filho (born 31 December 1974), more commonly known as Tony Kanaan, is a Brazilian racing driver.

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Torrijos–Carter Treaties

The Torrijos–Carter Treaties (Tratados Torrijos-Carter) are two treaties signed by the United States and Panama in Washington, D.C., on September 7, 1977, which abrogated the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903.

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Trần dynasty

The Trần dynasty (Nhà Trần, 陳朝, Trần triều,.) ruled in Vietnam (then known as Đại Việt) from 1225 to 1400.

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Trần Thái Tông

Trần Thái Tông (birth name: Trần Cảnh, 17 July 1218 – 4 May 1277) was the first emperor of the Trần Dynasty, seated on the throne for 33 years (1226–58), being Grand Emperor for 19 years.

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Tupolev Tu-144

The Tupolev Tu-144 (Tyполев Ту-144; NATO reporting name: Charger) is a retired jet airliner and commercial supersonic transport aircraft (SST).

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Twelve Days of Christmas

The Twelve Days of Christmas, also known as Twelvetide, is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus Christ.

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Two-stroke engine

A two-stroke (or two-cycle) engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle with two strokes (up and down movements) of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution.

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Tyrone Corbin

Tyrone Kennedy Corbin (born December 31, 1962) is an American retired basketball player, and current assistant coach of the Orlando Magic in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

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Ukase

An ukase, or ukaz (указ, formally "imposition"), in Imperial Russia, was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader (patriarch) that had the force of law.

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Union (American Civil War)

During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4 border and slave states (some with split governments and troops sent both north and south) that supported it.

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United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE; دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة), sometimes simply called the Emirates (الإمارات), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.

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United States Attorney General

The United States Attorney General (A.G.) is the head of the United States Department of Justice per, concerned with all legal affairs, and is the chief lawyer of the United States government.

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United States Secretary of State

The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the U.S. Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs.

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UTC+13:00

UTC+13:00 is an identifier for a +13 hour time offset from UTC.

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UTC+14:00

UTC+14:00 is an identifier for a +14 hour time offset from UTC.

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UTC−10:00

UTC−10:00 is a time offset that subtracts 10 hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

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UTC−11:00

UTC−11:00 is a time offset that subtracts 11 hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

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Val Kilmer

Val Edward Kilmer (born December 31, 1959) is an American actor.

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Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington

Brigadier Arthur Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington, (2 July 1915 – 31 December 2014), styled Marquess of Douro between 1943 and 1972, was a senior British peer and a brigadier in the British Army.

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Valerie Pearl

Valerie Louise Pearl (née Bence; 31 December 1926 – 29 January 2016) was a British historian who was noted for her work on the English Civil War.

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Valletta

Valletta is the capital city of Malta, colloquially known as "Il-Belt" (lit. "The City") in Maltese.

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Vandals

The Vandals were a large East Germanic tribe or group of tribes that first appear in history inhabiting present-day southern Poland.

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Vasily Lazarev

Vasily Grigoryevich Lazarev (Васи́лий Григо́рьевич Ла́зарев; February 23, 1928 – December 31, 1990) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 12 spaceflight as well as the abortive Soyuz 18a launch in April 5, 1975.

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Vaughan Jones

Sir Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones (born 31 December 1952) is a New Zealand and American mathematician, known for his work on von Neumann algebras and knot polynomials.

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Veijo Meri

Veijo Väinö Valvo Meri (31 December 1928 – 21 June 2015) was a Finnish writer.

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Vikings

Vikings (Old English: wicing—"pirate", Danish and vikinger; Swedish and vikingar; víkingar, from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.

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Virginia

Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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Wardy Alfaro

Wardy Alfaro Pizarro (born 31 December 1977) is a retired Costa Rican football player, who currently is goalkeeper coach at Alajuelense He played as a goalkeeper, and was one of three that were named in the Costa Rica national squad for the 2006 World Cup held in Germany.

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Washington County, Arkansas

Washington County is a county located in the northwest part of the U.S. state of Arkansas.

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Wayne Rogers

William Wayne McMillan Rogers III (April 7, 1933 – December 31, 2015) was an American film and television actor, known for playing the role of Captain "Trapper" John McIntyre in the CBS television series, M*A*S*H.

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Wesley Addy

Robert Wesley Addy (August 4, 1913 – December 31, 1996) was an American actor.

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West Virginia

West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.

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Western Christianity

Western Christianity is the type of Christianity which developed in the areas of the former Western Roman Empire.

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Western Front (World War II)

The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany. World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered under separate headings. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations. The first phase saw the capitulation of the Netherlands, Belgium, and France during May and June 1940 after their defeat in the Low Countries and the northern half of France, and continued into an air war between Germany and Britain that climaxed with the Battle of Britain. The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat (supported by a massive air war considered to be an additional front), which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945.

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Wilfrid Noyce

Cuthbert Wilfrid Francis Noyce (31 December 1917 – 24 July 1962) (usually known as Wilfrid Noyce (often misspelt as 'Wilfred'), some sources give third forename as Frank) was an English mountaineer and author.

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William Christopher

William Christopher (October 20, 1932 December 31, 2016) was an American actor, best known for playing Private Lester Hummel on Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. from 1965 to 1968 and Father Mulcahy on the television series M*A*S*H from 1972 to 1983 and its spinoff AfterMASH from 1983 to 1985.

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William Heynes

William Munger "Bill" Heynes CBE (31 December 1904-September, 1989), born in Leamington Spa, was an English automotive engineer.

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William Skeffington

Sir William Skeffington (c. 1465 – 31 December 1535), was a Lord Deputy of Ireland.

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Williams Holdings

Williams Holdings was a major British conglomerate.

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Willye White

Willye Brown White (December 31, 1939 – February 6, 2007) was the first American track and field athlete to take part in five Olympics, from 1956 to 1972.

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Winston Benjamin

Winston Keithroy Matthew Benjamin (born 31 December 1964) is a former Antiguan cricketer who played 21 Tests and 85 One Day Internationals for the West Indies.

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Woody Strode

Woodrow Wilson Woolwine "Woody" Strode (July 25, 1914 – December 31, 1994) was an American athlete and actor.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Zambia

Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in south-central Africa, (although some sources prefer to consider it part of the region of east Africa) neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west.

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Zviad Gamsakhurdia

Zviad Gamsakhurdia (ზვიად გამსახურდია, tr. Zviad K'onst'ant'ines dze Gamsakhurdia; Звиа́д Константи́нович Гамсаху́рдия, tr. Zviad Konstantinovich Gamsakhurdiya; March 31, 1939 – December 31, 1993) was a Georgian politician, dissident, scholar, and writer who became the first democratically elected President of Georgia in the post-Soviet era.

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1164

Year 1164 (MCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1194

Year 1194 (MCXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1225

Year 1225 (MCCXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1229

Year 1229 (MCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1298

Year 1298 (MCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1299

Year 1299 (MCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1302

Year 1302 (MCCCII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1378

Year 1378 (MCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1384

Year 1384 (MCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1386

Year 1386 (MCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1426

Year 1426 (MCDXXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1439

Year 1439 (MCDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1460

Year 1460 (MCDLX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1491

Year 1491 (MCDXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1493

Year 1493 (MCDXCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1501

Year 1501 ('''MDI''') was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1504

Year 1504 (MDIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1510

Year 1510 (MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1514

Year 1514 (MDXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1535

Year 1535 (MDXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1539

Year 1539 (MDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1550

Year 1550 (MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1552

Year 1552 (MDLII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1568

Year 1568 (MDLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1572

Year 1572 (MDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1575

Year 1575 (MDLXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1583

No description.

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1585

No description.

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1600

No description.

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1610

Some have suggested that 1610 may mark the beginning of the Anthropocene, or the 'Age of Man', marking a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system, but earlier starting dates (ca. 1000 C.E.) have received broader consensus, based on high resolution pollution records that show the massive impact of human activity on the atmosphere.

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1650

No description.

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1655

No description.

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1660

No description.

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1668

No description.

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1673

No description.

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1679

No description.

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1687

No description.

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1691

No description.

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1705

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Sunday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

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1714

No description.

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1719

No description.

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1720

No description.

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1730

No description.

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1738

No description.

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1741

No description.

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1742

No description.

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1757

No description.

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1759

In Great Britain, this year was known as the Annus Mirabilis, because of British victories in the Seven Years' War.

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1763

No description.

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1775

The American Revolution begins this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-epic ride.

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1776

No description.

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1790

No description.

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1796

No description.

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1798

No description.

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1799

No description.

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1805

After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar.

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1815

No description.

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1830

It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy.

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1831

No description.

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1833

No description.

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1838

No description.

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1842

No description.

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1851

No description.

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1853

No description.

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1855

No description.

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1857

No description.

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1860

No description.

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1862

This year was named by Mitchell Stephens as the greatest year to read newspapers.

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1864

No description.

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1869

No description.

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1872

No description.

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1873

No description.

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1874

No description.

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1876

No description.

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1877

No description.

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1878

No description.

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1879

No description.

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1880

No description.

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1881

No description.

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1884

No description.

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1885

No description.

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1888

In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors.

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1889

No description.

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1890

No description.

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1891

No description.

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1894

No description.

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1899

No description.

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1901

No description.

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1902

No description.

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1904

No description.

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1905

As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War began, more than 100,000 died in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos lead to a revolution against the Tsar (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony is subtitled The Year 1905 to commemorate this).

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1906

No description.

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1907

No description.

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1908

According to NASA reports, 1908 was the coldest recorded year since 1880.

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1909

No description.

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1910

No description.

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1911

A highlight was the race for the South Pole.

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1912

No description.

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1914

This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after an heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.

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1915

Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.

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1917

This year was famous for the October Revolution in Russia, by Vladimir Lenin.

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1918

This year is famous for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the flu pandemic, that killed 50-100 million people worldwide.

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1919

No description.

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192

Year 192 (CXCII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1920

No description.

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1921

No description.

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1922

No description.

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1923

No description.

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1924

No description.

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1925

No description.

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1926

No description.

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1928

No description.

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1929

This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression.

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1930

No description.

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1931

No description.

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1932

No description.

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1933

No description.

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1934

No description.

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1935

No description.

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1936

No description.

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1937

No description.

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1938

No description.

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1939

This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.

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1940

Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1941

Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" acronym.

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1942

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1943

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1944

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1945

This year also marks the end of the Second World War, the deadliest conflict in human history.

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1946

No description.

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1947

No description.

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1948

No description.

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1949

No description.

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1950

No description.

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1951

No description.

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1952

No description.

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1953

No description.

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1954

No description.

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1955

No description.

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1956

No description.

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1958

No description.

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1959

No description.

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1960

It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.

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1961

As MAD Magazine pointed out on its cover for the March 1961 issue, this was the first "upside-up" year — i.e., one in which the numerals that form the year look the same as when the numerals are rotated upside down, a strobogrammatic number — since 1881.

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1962

No description.

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1963

No description.

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1964

No description.

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1965

No description.

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1967

No description.

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1968

This was the year of the Protests of 1968.

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1970

No description.

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1971

The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history.

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1972

Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated.

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1973

No description.

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1974

No description.

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1975

It was also declared the International Women's Year by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe.

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1976

No description.

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1977

No description.

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1978

No description.

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1979

No description.

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1980

No description.

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1981

No description.

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1982

No description.

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1983

The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.

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1984

No description.

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1985

The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.

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1986

The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations.

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1987

No description.

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1988

In the 20th century, the year 1988 has the most Roman numeral digits (11).

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1990

Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen, the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, the separation of Namibia from South Africa, and the Baltic states declaring independence from the Soviet Union amidst Perestroika.

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1991

It was the year that is usually considered the final year of the Cold War that had begun in the late 1940s.

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1992

1992 was designated as.

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1993

No description.

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1994

The year 1994 was designated as the "International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations.

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1995

This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government no longer providing public funding.

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1996

1996 was designated as.

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1997

No description.

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1998

1998 was designated as the International Year of the Ocean.

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1999

1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons.

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2000

2000 was designated as.

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2001

2001 was designated as.

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2002

2002 was designated as.

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2003

2003 was designated the.

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2004

2004 was designated as.

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2005

2005 was designated as.

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2006

2006 was designated as.

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2007

2007 was designated as.

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2008

2008 was designated as.

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2009

2009 was designated as.

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2010

2010 was designated as.

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2010 New Year's Eve tornado outbreak

The 2010 New Year's Eve tornado outbreak was a three-day-long tornado outbreak that impacted the central and lower Mississippi Valley from December 30, 2010 to January 1, 2011.

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2011

2011 was designated as.

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2012

2012 was designated as.

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2013

2013 was designated as.

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2014

2014 was designated as.

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2014 Shanghai stampede

On December 31, 2014, a deadly stampede occurred in Shanghai, near Chen Yi Square on the Bund, where around 300,000 people had gathered for the new year celebration.

New!!: December 31 and 2014 Shanghai stampede · See more »

2015

2015 was designated as.

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2016

2016 was designated as.

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2017

2017 was designated as International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development by the United Nations General Assembly.

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335

Year 335 (CCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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406

Year 406 (CDVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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45 BC

Year 45 BC was either a common year starting on Thursday, Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Friday or Saturday (link will display the full calendar) (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and the first year of the Julian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Proleptic Julian calendar.

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535

Year 535 (DXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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669

Year 669 (DCLXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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695

Year 695 (DCXCV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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870

Year 870 (DCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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878

Year 878 (DCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Redirects here:

12/31, 31 Dec, 31 Dec 1999, 31 December, 31/12, 31st December, 31st of December, Dec 31, Dec. 31, December 31st, Historical anniversaries/December 31.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_31

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