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Definitions of whiteness in the United States

Index Definitions of whiteness in the United States

The legal and social strictures defining white Americans, and distinguishing them from persons not considered white by the government and society, has varied throughout U.S. history. [1]

129 relations: Abraham Lincoln, African Americans, Afro-Cuban, Afro-Puerto Ricans, Ancestry.com, Anglo-America, Anti-miscegenation laws, Arab Americans, Arab world, Armenians, Asian Americans, Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans, Benjamin Franklin, Bhicaji Balsara, Black Hispanic and Latino Americans, Blond, Blood quantum laws, California, Caucasian race, Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood, Chicano Movement, Chinese Americans, Citizens' Councils, Citizenship, Citizenship of the United States, Colonial history of the United States, Cuban Americans, Cuban exile, Cultural assimilation of Native Americans, David Duke, David Hennessy, David Roediger, Dow v. United States, Dutch Americans, English Americans, Europe, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Finnish Americans, Finnish Civil War, French Americans, George Sutherland, German Americans, Great Depression, Great Depression in the United States, Hindu, Hispanic, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States, Honorary whites, Hypodescent, ..., Indian Americans, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Japanese people, Jews, Jim Crow laws, Latin America, Los Angeles, Lum v. Rice, March 14, 1891 New Orleans lynchings, Mediterranean race, Mendez v. Westminster, Mestizo, Mexican Repatriation, Middle East, Middle Eastern Americans, Minnesota, Miscegenation, Mississippi, Mongoloid, Mulatto, Mumbai, Native Americans in the United States, Naturalization, Naturalization Act of 1790, Nepalese Americans, New Mexico, New Sweden, Non-Hispanic whites, North Africa, Northern Europe, Norwegian Americans, Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc., Oklahoma, Olive skin, Ozawa v. United States, Parsi, Passing (racial identity), Pennsylvania, Person of color, Pew Research Center, Plurality (voting), Polish Americans, Puerto Ricans, Punjab, Quadroon, Race and ethnicity in the United States, Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, San Antonio, Saxons, Scandinavia, Scotch-Irish Americans, Scottish Americans, Semitic people, Socialism, Southern Europe, Spaniards, Sri Lankan Americans, Supreme Court of the United States, Swedish Americans, Swedish language, Telenovela, Teutons, Texas, The History of White People, United States Census, United States Census Bureau, United States Congress Joint Immigration Commission, United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, United States v. Wong Kim Ark, Uralic languages, White Americans, White Hispanic and Latino Americans, White Latin Americans, William Alexander Cant, Workingmen's Party of California, Yellow Peril, 2000 United States Census, 2010 United States Census. Expand index (79 more) »

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

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African Americans

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.

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Afro-Cuban

The term Afro-Cuban refers to Cubans who mostly have West African ancestry, and to historical or cultural elements in Cuba thought to emanate from this community.

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Afro-Puerto Ricans

The history of Puerto Ricans of African descent begins with free African men, known as libertos, who accompanied the Spanish Conquistadors in the invasion of the island.

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Ancestry.com

Ancestry.com LLC is a privately held online company based in Lehi, Utah.

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Anglo-America

Anglo-America most often refers to a region in the Americas in which English is a main language and British culture and the British Empire have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic and cultural impact.

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Anti-miscegenation laws

Anti-miscegenation laws or miscegenation laws are laws that enforce racial segregation at the level of marriage and intimate relationships by criminalizing interracial marriage and sometimes also sex between members of different races.

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Arab Americans

Arab Americans (عَرَبٌ أَمْرِيكِيُّونَ or أمريكيون من أصل عربي) are Americans of Arab ethnic, cultural and linguistic heritage or identity, who identify themselves as Arab.

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Arab world

The Arab world (العالم العربي; formally: Arab homeland, الوطن العربي), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.

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Armenians

Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.

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Asian Americans

Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent.

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Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans

Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans are Hispanic and Latino Americans having Asian ancestry and for those Hispanics who consider themselves or were officially classified by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget, and other U.S. government agencies as Asian Americans.

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Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

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Bhicaji Balsara

Bhicaji Framji Balsara (often misrendered as Bhicaji Franyi Balsara) (May 30, 1872 – 1962) was a Parsi immigrant to the United States, notable for being the first Indian to become a naturalized U.S. citizen.

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Black Hispanic and Latino Americans

In the United States, a Black Hispanic or Afro-Hispanic (Afrohispano) is an American citizen or resident who is officially classified by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget and other U.S. government agencies as a Black person or racially black of Hispanic descent." Hispanicity, which is independent of race, is the only ethnic category, as opposed to racial category, which is officially collated by the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Blond

Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.

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Blood quantum laws

Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws are those enacted in the United States and the former colonies to define qualification by ancestry as Native American, sometimes in relation to tribal membership.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Caucasian race

The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid or Europid) is a grouping of human beings historically regarded as a biological taxon, which, depending on which of the historical race classifications used, have usually included some or all of the ancient and modern populations of Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia and South Asia.

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Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood

A Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood or Certificate of Degree of Alaska Native Blood (both abbreviated CDIB) is an official U.S. document that certifies an individual possesses a specific degree of Native American blood of a federally recognized Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, or community.

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Chicano Movement

The Chicano Movement of the 1960s, also called the Chicano civil rights movement or El Movimiento, was a civil rights movement extending the Mexican-American civil rights movement of the 1960s with the stated goal of achieving Mexican American empowerment.

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Chinese Americans

Chinese Americans, which includes American-born Chinese, are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry.

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Citizens' Councils

The Citizens' Councils (also referred to as White Citizens' Councils) were an associated network of white supremacist, extreme right, organizations in the United States, concentrated in the South.

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Citizenship

Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or belonging to a nation.

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Citizenship of the United States

Citizenship of the United States is a status that entails specific rights, duties and benefits.

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Colonial history of the United States

The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European colonization of the Americas from the start of colonization in the early 16th century until their incorporation into the United States of America.

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Cuban Americans

Cuban Americans (Cubanoamericanos) are Americans who trace their ancestry to Cuba.

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Cuban exile

The term "Cuban exile" refers to the many Cubans who fled from or left the island of Cuba.

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Cultural assimilation of Native Americans

The cultural assimilation of Native Americans was an assimilation effort by the United States to transform Native American culture to European–American culture between the years of 1790 and 1920.

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David Duke

David Ernest Duke (born July 1, 1950) is an American white supremacist and white nationalist politician, antisemitic conspiracy theorist, Holocaust denier, convicted felon, and former Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.

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David Hennessy

David C. Hennessy (1858 – October 16, 1890) was a police chief of New Orleans, Louisiana.

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David Roediger

David R. Roediger (born July 13, 1952) is the Foundation Distinguished Professor of American Studies and History at the University of Kansas, where he has been since the fall of 2014.

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Dow v. United States

Dow v. United States, 226 F. 145 (4th Cir., 1915) is a United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit case in which a Syrian immigrant, George Dow, appealed two lower court decisions denying his application for naturalization as a United States citizen.

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Dutch Americans

Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from the Netherlands in the recent or distant past.

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English Americans

English Americans, also referred to as Anglo-Americans, are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England, a country that is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), formerly the Bureau of Investigation (BOI), is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, and its principal federal law enforcement agency.

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Finnish Americans

Finnish Americans (Finnish: Amerikansuomalaiset) comprise Americans with ancestral roots from Finland or Finnish people who emigrated to and reside in the United States.

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Finnish Civil War

The Finnish Civil War was a conflict for the leadership and control of Finland during the country's transition from a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state.

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French Americans

French Americans (French: Franco-Américains) are citizens or nationals of the United States who identify themselves with having full or partial French or French Canadian heritage, ethnicity, and/or ancestral ties.

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George Sutherland

George Alexander Sutherland (March 25, 1862 – July 18, 1942) was an English-born U.S. jurist and politician.

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German Americans

German Americans (Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Great Depression in the United States

The Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hispanic

The term Hispanic (hispano or hispánico) broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain.

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Hispanic and Latino Americans

Hispanic Americans and Latino Americans (Estadounidenses hispanos) are people in the United States who are descendants of people from countries of Latin America and Spain.

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Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States

The racial and ethnic demographics of the United States have changed dramatically throughout its history.

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Honorary whites

Honorary whites is a term that was used by the apartheid regime of South Africa to grant almost all of the rights and privileges of whites.

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Hypodescent

In societies that regard some races of people as dominant or superior and others as subordinate or inferior, hypodescent refers to the automatic assignment by the dominant culture of children of a mixed union or sexual relations between members of different socioeconomic groups or ethnic groups to the subordinate group.

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Indian Americans

Indian Americans or Indo-Americans are Americans whose ancestry belongs to any of the many ethnic groups of the Republic of India.

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Irish Americans

Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánaigh) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics.

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Italian Americans

Italian Americans (italoamericani or italo-americani) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have ancestry from Italy.

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Japanese people

are a nation and an ethnic group that is native to Japan and makes up 98.5% of the total population of that country.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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Latin America

Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Spanish, French and Portuguese are spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America.

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels";; officially: the City of Los Angeles; colloquially: by its initials L.A.) is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City.

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Lum v. Rice

Lum v. Rice,, is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the exclusion on account of race of a child of Chinese ancestry from a state high school did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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March 14, 1891 New Orleans lynchings

The March 14, 1891 New Orleans lynchings were the murders of eleven Italian Americans in New Orleans, Louisiana, by a mob for their alleged role in the murder of police chief David Hennessy after some of them had been acquitted at trial.

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Mediterranean race

The Mediterranean race (also Mediterranid race) is one of the sub-races into which the Caucasian race was categorised by most anthropologists in the late 19th to mid-20th centuries.

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Mendez v. Westminster

Mendez, et al v. Westminster School District of Orange County, et al, 64 F.Supp.

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Mestizo

Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Spain, Latin America, and the Philippines that originally referred a person of combined European and Native American descent, regardless of where the person was born.

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Mexican Repatriation

The Mexican Repatriation was a mass deportation of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans from the United States between 1929 and 1936.

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Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

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Middle Eastern Americans

Middle Eastern Americans are Americans with ancestry or citizenship from the Middle East.

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Minnesota

Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwest and northern regions of the United States.

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Miscegenation

Miscegenation (from the Latin miscere "to mix" + genus "kind") is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, or procreation.

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Mississippi

Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.

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Mongoloid

Mongoloid is a grouping of all or some peoples indigenous to East Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, North Asia, South Asia, the Arctic, the Americas and the Pacific Islands.

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Mulatto

Mulatto is a term used to refer to people born of one white parent and one black parent or to people born of a mulatto parent or parents.

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Mumbai

Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.

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Naturalization

Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen in a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country.

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Naturalization Act of 1790

The original United States Naturalization Law of March 26, 1790 provided the first rules to be followed by the United States in the granting of national citizenship.

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Nepalese Americans

Nepalese Americans or Nepali Americans are Americans whose ethnic origins lie fully or partially in any part of Nepal.

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New Mexico

New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.

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New Sweden

New Sweden (Swedish: Nya Sverige; Uusi Ruotsi; Nova Svecia) was a Swedish colony along the lower reaches of the Delaware River in North America from 1638 to 1655, established during the Thirty Years' War, when Sweden was a great power.

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Non-Hispanic whites

Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin (commonly referred to as Anglo-Americans)Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of Anglo in English: It is defined as a synonym for Anglo-American--Page 86 are European Americans who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity, as defined by the United States Census Bureau.

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North Africa

North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries and territories situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.

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Northern Europe

Northern Europe is the general term for the geographical region in Europe that is approximately north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea.

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Norwegian Americans

Norwegian Americans (norskamerikanere) are Americans with ancestral roots from Norway.

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Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.

Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc. is a short essay written in 1751 by Benjamin Franklin.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Olive skin

Olive skin is a human skin color spectrum.

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Ozawa v. United States

Takao Ozawa v. United States,, was a case in which the United States Supreme Court found Takao Ozawa, a Japanese-American who was born in Japan but had lived in the United States for 20 years, ineligible for naturalization.

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Parsi

A Parsi (or Parsee) means "Persian" in the "Persian Language", which today mainly refers to a member of a Zoroastrian community, one of two (the other being Iranis) mainly located in India, with a few in Pakistan.

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Passing (racial identity)

Racial passing occurs when a person classified as a member of one racial group is also accepted as a member of a different racial group.

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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

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Person of color

The term "person of color" (plural: people of color, persons of color; sometimes abbreviated POC) is used primarily in the United States to describe any person who is not white.

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Pew Research Center

The Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan American fact tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.

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Plurality (voting)

A plurality vote (in North America) or relative majority (in the United Kingdom) describes the circumstance when a candidate or proposition polls more votes than any other, but does not receive a majority.

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Polish Americans

Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry.

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Puerto Ricans

Puerto Ricans (Puertorriqueños; or boricuas) are people from Puerto Rico, the inhabitants and citizens of Puerto Rico, and their descendants.

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Punjab

The Punjab, also spelled Panjab (land of "five rivers"; Punjabi: پنجاب (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾਬ (Gurumukhi); Πενταποταμία, Pentapotamia) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India.

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Quadroon

Historically in the context of slave societies of the Americas, a quadroon or quarteron was a person with one quarter African and three quarters European ancestry (or in the context of Australia, one quarter aboriginal ancestry).

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Race and ethnicity in the United States

The United States of America has a racially and ethnically diverse population.

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Race and ethnicity in the United States Census

Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are of Hispanic or Latino origin (the only categories for ethnicity).

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San Antonio

San Antonio (Spanish for "Saint Anthony"), officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States.

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Saxons

The Saxons (Saxones, Sachsen, Seaxe, Sahson, Sassen, Saksen) were a Germanic people whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, Saxonia) near the North Sea coast of what is now Germany.

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Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural and linguistic ties.

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Scotch-Irish Americans

Scotch-Irish (or Scots-Irish) Americans are American descendants of Presbyterian and other Ulster Protestant Dissenters from various parts of Ireland, but usually from the province of Ulster, who migrated during the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Scottish Americans

Scottish Americans or Scots Americans (Scottish Gaelic: Ameireaganaich Albannach; Scots-American) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in Scotland.

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Semitic people

Semites, Semitic people or Semitic cultures (from the biblical "Shem", שם) was a term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group who speak or spoke the Semitic languages.

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Socialism

Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

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Southern Europe

Southern Europe is the southern region of the European continent.

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Spaniards

Spaniards are a Latin European ethnic group and nation.

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Sri Lankan Americans

Sri Lankan-Americans (Sinhala: Sri Lankika Amerikanu); (Tamil: Ilangkaī Amerikan) are Americans of full or partial Sri Lankan ancestry. Sri Lankan Americans are persons of Sri Lankan origin from various Sri Lankan ethnic backgrounds. The people are classified as South Asian in origin.

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Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.

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Swedish Americans

Swedish Americans (Svenskamerikaner) are an American ethnic group of people who have ancestral roots from Sweden.

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Swedish language

Swedish is a North Germanic language spoken natively by 9.6 million people, predominantly in Sweden (as the sole official language), and in parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish.

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Telenovela

A telenovela is a type of limited-run television serial drama or soap opera produced primarily in Latin America.

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Teutons

The Teutons (Latin: Teutones, Teutoni, Greek: "Τεύτονες") were an ancient tribe mentioned by Roman authors.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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The History of White People

The History of White People is a 2010 book by Nell Irvin Painter, in which the author explores the idea of whiteness throughout history, beginning with ancient Greece and continuing through the beginning of scientific racism in early modern Europe to 19th- through 21st-century America.

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United States Census

The United States Census is a decennial census mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, which states: "Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States...

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United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (USCB; officially the Bureau of the Census, as defined in Title) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy.

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United States Congress Joint Immigration Commission

The United States Immigration Commission was a bipartisan special committee formed in February 1907 by the United States Congress, to study the origins and consequences of recent immigration to the United States.

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United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind

United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, 261 U.S. 204 (1923), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously decided that Bhagat Singh Thind, an Indian Sikh man who identified himself as a "high caste aryan, of full Indian blood," was racially ineligible for naturalized citizenship in the United States.

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United States v. Wong Kim Ark

United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898),.

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Uralic languages

The Uralic languages (sometimes called Uralian languages) form a language family of 38 languages spoken by approximately 25million people, predominantly in Northern Eurasia.

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White Americans

White Americans are Americans who are descendants from any of the white racial groups of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, or in census statistics, those who self-report as white based on having majority-white ancestry.

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White Hispanic and Latino Americans

In the United States, a White Hispanic is an American citizen or resident who is racially white and of Hispanic descent.

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White Latin Americans

White Latin Americans or European Latin Americans are Latin Americans who are considered white, typically due to European, or in some cases Levantine, descent.

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William Alexander Cant

William Alexander Cant (December 23, 1863 – January 12, 1933) was a United States federal judge.

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Workingmen's Party of California

The Workingmen's Party of California (WPC) was an American labor organization led by Denis Kearney in the 1870s.

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Yellow Peril

The Yellow Peril (also Yellow Terror and Yellow Spectre) is a racist color-metaphor that is integral to the xenophobic theory of colonialism: that the peoples of East Asia are a danger to the Western world.

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2000 United States Census

The Twenty-second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2% over the 248,709,873 people enumerated during the 1990 Census.

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2010 United States Census

The 2010 United States Census (commonly referred to as the 2010 Census) is the twenty-third and most recent United States national census.

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Redirects here:

Definitions of whiteness in the united states.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_whiteness_in_the_United_States

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