Table of Contents
215 relations: ABC transporter, Abomasum, Acetic acid, Acetylcholine, Acid, Acta Biomaterialia, Active transport, Agrobacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Amino acid, Amylase, Anal canal, Animal, Anus, Assimilation (biology), Bacteria, Bacterial conjugation, Bacterial outer membrane, Beak, Bicarbonate, Bile, Bile acid, Biotin, Bird, Bird hybrid, Blood plasma, Blood vessel, Bolus (digestion), Butyric acid, Canine tooth, Carbohydrate, Carnivore, Catabolism, Cecum, Cell membrane, Cellular compartment, Cellulose, Cerebral cortex, Chewing, Cholecystokinin, Chyme, Chymosin, Chymotrypsin, Circulatory system, Columbidae, Coprophagia, Crop (anatomy), Crop milk, Cubilin, Defecation, ... Expand index (165 more) »
ABC transporter
The ABC transporters, ATP synthase (ATP)-binding cassette transporters are a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and possibly one of the oldest gene families.
See Digestion and ABC transporter
Abomasum
The abomasum, also known as the maw, rennet-bag, or reed tripe, is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. Digestion and abomasum are digestive system.
Acetic acid
Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula (also written as,, or). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water.
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter.
See Digestion and Acetylcholine
Acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.
Acta Biomaterialia
Acta Biomaterialia is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.
See Digestion and Acta Biomaterialia
Active transport
In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient.
See Digestion and Active transport
Agrobacterium
Agrobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria established by H. J. Conn that uses horizontal gene transfer to cause tumors in plants.
See Digestion and Agrobacterium
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causal agent of crown gall disease (the formation of tumours) in over 140 species of eudicots.
See Digestion and Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
Amylase
An amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin) into sugars.
Anal canal
The anal canal is the part that connects the rectum to the anus, located below the level of the pelvic diaphragm. Digestion and anal canal are digestive system.
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.
Anus
In mammals, invertebrates and most fish, the anus (anuses or ani; from Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is the external body orifice at the exit end of the digestive tract (bowel), i.e. the opposite end from the mouth. Digestion and anus are digestive system.
Assimilation (biology)
Assimilation is the process of absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other chemicals from food as part of the nutrition of an organism. Digestion and Assimilation (biology) are metabolism.
See Digestion and Assimilation (biology)
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
Bacterial conjugation
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.
See Digestion and Bacterial conjugation
Bacterial outer membrane
The bacterial outer membrane is found in gram-negative bacteria.
See Digestion and Bacterial outer membrane
Beak
The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure found mostly in birds, but also in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs and a few mammals.
Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.
Bile
Bile (from Latin bilis), or gall, is a yellow-green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. Digestion and bile are digestive system.
Bile acid
Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates.
Biotin
Biotin (also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins.
Bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
Bird hybrid
A bird hybrid is a bird that has two different species as parents.
Blood plasma
Blood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but which contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension.
See Digestion and Blood plasma
Blood vessel
Blood vessels are the structures of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body.
See Digestion and Blood vessel
Bolus (digestion)
In digestion, a bolus (from Latin bolus, "ball") is a ball-like mixture of food and saliva that forms in the mouth during the process of chewing (which is largely an adaptation for plant-eating mammals). Digestion and bolus (digestion) are digestive system.
See Digestion and Bolus (digestion)
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula.
See Digestion and Butyric acid
Canine tooth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth.
See Digestion and Canine tooth
Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).
See Digestion and Carbohydrate
Carnivore
A carnivore, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements are met by the consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) whether through hunting or scavenging.
Catabolism
Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions. Digestion and Catabolism are metabolism.
Cecum
The cecum or caecum is a pouch within the peritoneum that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. Digestion and cecum are digestive system.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
See Digestion and Cell membrane
Cellular compartment
Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid layer membrane.
See Digestion and Cellular compartment
Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals.
See Digestion and Cerebral cortex
Chewing
Chewing or mastication is the process by which food is crushed and ground by the teeth. Digestion and Chewing are digestive system.
Cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin (CCK or CCK-PZ; from Greek chole, "bile"; cysto, "sac"; kinin, "move"; hence, move the bile-sac (gallbladder)) is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein.
See Digestion and Cholecystokinin
Chyme
Chyme or chymus (from Greek χυμός khymos, "juice") is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine). Digestion and chyme are digestive system.
Chymosin
Chymosin or rennin is a protease found in rennet.
Chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin (chymotrypsins A and B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin A, alpha-chymotrypsin) is a digestive enzyme component of pancreatic juice acting in the duodenum, where it performs proteolysis, the breakdown of proteins and polypeptides.
See Digestion and Chymotrypsin
Circulatory system
The circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.
See Digestion and Circulatory system
Columbidae
Columbidae is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons.
Coprophagia
Coprophagia or coprophagy is the consumption of feces.
Crop (anatomy)
The crop (also the croup, the craw, the ingluvies, and the sublingual pouch) is a thin-walled, expanded portion of the alimentary tract, which is used for the storage of food before digestion.
See Digestion and Crop (anatomy)
Crop milk
Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds in some species that is regurgitated to young birds.
Cubilin
Cubilin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CUBN gene.
Defecation
Defecation (or defaecation) follows digestion, and is a necessary process by which organisms eliminate a solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material known as feces from the digestive tract via the anus or cloaca. Digestion and Defecation are digestive system.
Delta cell
Delta cells (δ-cells or D cells) are somatostatin-producing cells.
Denaturation (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose folded structure present in their native state due to various factors, including application of some external stress or compound, such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent (e.g., alcohol or chloroform), agitation and radiation, or heat.
See Digestion and Denaturation (biochemistry)
Deoxyribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) refers to a group of glycoprotein endonucleases which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, thus degrading DNA.
See Digestion and Deoxyribonuclease
Diazotroph
Diazotrophs are bacteria and archaea that fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere into bioavailable forms such as ammonia.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Digestive enzyme
Digestive enzymes take part in the chemical process of digestion, which follows the mechanical process of digestion.
See Digestion and Digestive enzyme
Digestive system of gastropods
The digestive system of gastropods has evolved to suit almost every kind of diet and feeding behavior. Digestion and digestive system of gastropods are digestive system.
See Digestion and Digestive system of gastropods
Diglyceride
A diglyceride, or diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages.
Dipeptidase
Dipeptidases are enzymes secreted by enterocytes into the small intestine.
Disaccharide
A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.
See Digestion and Disaccharide
Discovery and development of proton pump inhibitors
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) block the gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+/K+ ATPase) and inhibit gastric acid secretion.
See Digestion and Discovery and development of proton pump inhibitors
Duodenum
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. Digestion and duodenum are digestive system.
Earthworm
An earthworm is a soil-dwelling terrestrial invertebrate that belongs to the phylum Annelida.
Ecological niche
In ecology, a niche is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition.
See Digestion and Ecological niche
Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that are electrically conductive through the movement of those ions, but not conducting electrons.
Endosymbiont
An endosymbiont or endobiont is an organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism.
See Digestion and Endosymbiont
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part of the genus Entamoeba.
See Digestion and Entamoeba histolytica
Enteropeptidase
Enteropeptidase (also called enterokinase) is an enzyme produced by cells of the duodenum and is involved in digestion in humans and other animals.
See Digestion and Enteropeptidase
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. Digestion and Enzyme are metabolism.
Epithelium
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.
Erepsin
Erepsin is a mixture of enzymes contained in a protein fraction found in the intestinal juices that digest peptones into amino acids.
Esophagus
The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English, see spelling differences; both;: (o)esophagi or (o)esophaguses), colloquially known also as the food pipe, food tube, or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach. Digestion and esophagus are digestive system.
Evolution of mammals
The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the Pennsylvanian sub-period of the late Carboniferous period.
See Digestion and Evolution of mammals
Exopeptidase
An exopeptidase is any peptidase that catalyzes the cleavage of the terminal (or the penultimate) peptide bond; the process releases a single amino acid, dipeptide or a tripeptide from the peptide chain.
See Digestion and Exopeptidase
Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
Feces
Feces (or faeces;: faex) are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the small intestine, and has been broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.
Fermentation
Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substances through the action of enzymes. Digestion and Fermentation are metabolism.
See Digestion and Fermentation
Food
Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support.
Fructose
Fructose, or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.
Functional group
In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.
See Digestion and Functional group
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
G cell
A G cell or gastrin cell is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin.
Galactose
Galactose (galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
Gallbladder
In vertebrates, the gallbladder, also known as the cholecyst, is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine. Digestion and gallbladder are digestive system.
Gastric acid
Gastric acid or stomach acid is the acidic component – hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the stomach lining.
See Digestion and Gastric acid
Gastric distension
Gastric distention is the enlargement of the stomach, and can be due to a number of causes.
See Digestion and Gastric distension
Gastric glands
Gastric glands are glands in the lining of the stomach that play an essential role in the process of digestion. Digestion and Gastric glands are digestive system.
See Digestion and Gastric glands
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is an inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones.
See Digestion and Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Gastrin
Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. Digestion and gastrin are digestive system.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications.
See Digestion and Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Digestion and gastrointestinal tract are digestive system.
See Digestion and Gastrointestinal tract
Gastrovascular cavity
The gastrovascular cavity is the primary organ of digestion and circulation in two major animal phyla: the Coelenterates or cnidarians (including jellyfish and corals) and Platyhelminthes (flatworms). Digestion and gastrovascular cavity are digestive system.
See Digestion and Gastrovascular cavity
Gizzard
The gizzard, also referred to as the ventriculus, gastric mill, and gigerium, is an organ found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (birds and other dinosaurs, crocodiles, alligators, pterosaurs), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans.
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.
Glycerol
Glycerol, also called glycerine or glycerin, is a simple triol compound.
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that unlike gram-positive bacteria do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation.
See Digestion and Gram-negative bacteria
Haptocorrin
Haptocorrin (HC) also known as transcobalamin-1 (TC-1) or cobalophilin is a transcobalamin protein that in humans is encoded by the gene. Digestion and Haptocorrin are digestive system.
Hemicellulose
A hemicellulose (also known as polyose) is one of a number of heteropolymers (matrix polysaccharides), such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all terrestrial plant cell walls.
See Digestion and Hemicellulose
Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.
Histamine
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses communication, as well as regulating physiological functions in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus.
Human anus
In humans, the anus (anuses or ani; from Latin ānus, "ring", "circle") is the external opening of the rectum located inside the intergluteal cleft. Digestion and human anus are digestive system.
Human digestive system
The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion and human digestive system are digestive system and metabolism.
See Digestion and Human digestive system
Human feces
Human feces (or faeces in British English) are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine of humans, but has been further broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.
Human mouth
In human anatomy, the mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and produces saliva. Digestion and human mouth are digestive system.
Humpback whale
The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a species of baleen whale.
See Digestion and Humpback whale
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl).
See Digestion and Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus (hypothalami) is a small part of the vertebrate brain that contains a number of nuclei with a variety of functions.
See Digestion and Hypothalamus
Infant
An infant or baby is the very young offspring of human beings.
Ingestion
Ingestion is the consumption of a substance by an organism. Digestion and Ingestion are digestive system.
Innate immune system
The innate immune system or nonspecific immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies (the other being the adaptive immune system) in vertebrates.
See Digestion and Innate immune system
Intestinal gland
In histology, an intestinal gland (also crypt of Lieberkühn and intestinal crypt) is a gland found in between villi in the intestinal epithelial lining of the small intestine and large intestine (or colon). Digestion and intestinal gland are digestive system.
See Digestion and Intestinal gland
Intestinal villus
Intestinal villi (villus) are small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine.
See Digestion and Intestinal villus
Intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor (IF), cobalamin binding intrinsic factor, also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF), is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells (in humans) or chief cells (in rodents) of the stomach.
See Digestion and Intrinsic factor
Α-Amylase
α-Amylase is an enzyme (systematic name 4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) that hydrolyses α bonds of large, α-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding shorter chains thereof, dextrins, and maltose, through the following biochemical process: It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals.
Kingdom (biology)
In biology, a kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain.
See Digestion and Kingdom (biology)
Lactase
(Phlorizin hydrolase) | EC_number.
Lactose
Lactose, or milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11.
Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is caused by a lessened ability or a complete inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. Digestion and lactose intolerance are digestive system.
See Digestion and Lactose intolerance
Large intestine
The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in tetrapods. Digestion and large intestine are digestive system.
See Digestion and Large intestine
Lingual lipase
Lingual lipase is a member of a family of digestive enzymes called triacylglycerol lipases, EC 3.1.1.3, that use the catalytic triad of aspartate, histidine, and serine to hydrolyze medium and long-chain triglycerides into partial glycerides and free fatty acids.
See Digestion and Lingual lipase
Liver
The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. Digestion and liver are digestive system.
Lysosome
A lysosome is a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells.
Macaw
Macaws are a group of New World parrots that are long-tailed and often colorful, in the tribe Arini.
Maltose
Maltose, also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch.
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is a long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem.
See Digestion and Medulla oblongata
Membrane fusion protein
Membrane fusion proteins (not to be confused with chimeric or fusion proteins) are proteins that cause fusion of biological membranes.
See Digestion and Membrane fusion protein
Microvillus
Microvilli (microvillus) are microscopic cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area for diffusion and minimize any increase in volume, and are involved in a wide variety of functions, including absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion, and mechanotransduction.
Migrating motor complex
Migrating motor complex, also known as migrating myoelectric complex, migratory motor complex, migratory myoelectric complex and MMC, is a cyclic, recurring motility pattern that occurs in the stomach and small bowel during fasting; it is interrupted by feeding. Digestion and migrating motor complex are digestive system.
See Digestion and Migrating motor complex
Molecular diffusion
Molecular diffusion, often simply called diffusion, is the thermal motion of all (liquid or gas) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.
See Digestion and Molecular diffusion
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built.
See Digestion and Monosaccharide
Mosby (imprint)
Mosby is an academic publisher of textbooks and academic journals based in the United States.
See Digestion and Mosby (imprint)
Motilin
Motilin is a 22-amino acid polypeptide hormone in the motilin family that, in humans, is encoded by the MLN gene.
Mouth
The mouth is the body orifice through which many animals ingest food and vocalize. Digestion and mouth are digestive system.
Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs.
See Digestion and Mucous membrane
Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
Nuclease
In biochemistry, a nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides of nucleic acids.
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.
Nutrition
Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.
Omasum
The omasum, also known as the bible, the fardel, the manyplies and the psalterium, is the third compartment of the stomach in ruminants. Digestion and omasum are digestive system.
Opine
Opines are low molecular weight compounds found in plant crown gall tumors or hairy root tumors produced by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium and Rhizobium.
Oral mucosa
The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth.
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
Osmosis
Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential (region of higher solute concentration), in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
Outer membrane vesicle
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicles released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria.
See Digestion and Outer membrane vesicle
Pancreas
The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. Digestion and pancreas are digestive system.
Pancreatic duct
The pancreatic duct or duct of Wirsung (also, the major pancreatic duct due to the existence of an accessory pancreatic duct) is a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct.
See Digestion and Pancreatic duct
Pancreatic juice
Pancreatic juice is a liquid secreted by the pancreas, which contains a number of digestive enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase, nucleases and amylase.
See Digestion and Pancreatic juice
Pancreatic lipase family
Triglyceride lipases are a family of lipolytic enzymes that hydrolyse ester linkages of triglycerides.
See Digestion and Pancreatic lipase family
Parietal cell
Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) are epithelial cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.
See Digestion and Parietal cell
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and -γενής, "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease.
Pepsin
Pepsin is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids.
Peptide
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Peristalsis
Peristalsis is a type of intestinal motility, characterized by radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles that propagate in a wave down a tube, in an anterograde direction. Digestion and Peristalsis are digestive system.
PH
In chemistry, pH, also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen").
See Digestion and PH
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.
See Digestion and Phagocytosis
Phagolysosome
In biology, a phagolysosome, or endolysosome, is a cytoplasmic body formed by the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome in a process that occurs during phagocytosis.
See Digestion and Phagolysosome
Phagosome
In cell biology, a phagosome is a vesicle formed around a particle engulfed by a phagocyte via phagocytosis.
Pharynx
The pharynx (pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs respectively). Digestion and pharynx are digestive system.
Phases of digestion
The nervous system, and endocrine system collaborate in the digestive system to control gastric secretions, and motility associated with the movement of food throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including peristalsis, and segmentation contractions. Digestion and Phases of digestion are digestive system.
See Digestion and Phases of digestion
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides, or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food.
See Digestion and Polysaccharide
Propionic acid
Propionic acid (from the Greek words πρῶτος: prōtos, meaning "first", and πίων: píōn, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula.
See Digestion and Propionic acid
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Digestion and Proteolysis are metabolism.
Proteose
A proteose is any of various water-soluble compounds that are produced during in-vitro or in-vivo hydrolytic breakdown of proteins a little before producing amino acids.
Protozoa
Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.
Pylorus
The pylorus connects the stomach to the duodenum. Digestion and pylorus are digestive system.
Rabbit
Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also includes the hares), which is in the order Lagomorpha (which also includes pikas).
Radula
The radula (radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue.
Rectum
The rectum (rectums or recta) is the final straight portion of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals, and the gut in others. Digestion and rectum are digestive system.
Red blood cell
Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
See Digestion and Red blood cell
Regurgitation (digestion)
Regurgitation is the expulsion of material from the pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood.
See Digestion and Regurgitation (digestion)
Reticulum (anatomy)
The reticulum is the second chamber in the four-chamber alimentary canal of a ruminant animal. Digestion and reticulum (anatomy) are digestive system.
See Digestion and Reticulum (anatomy)
Rhizobia
Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae).
Rhizobium rhizogenes
Rhizobium rhizogenes (formerly Agrobacterium rhizogenes) is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces hairy root disease in dicotyledonous plants.
See Digestion and Rhizobium rhizogenes
Ribonuclease
Ribonuclease (commonly abbreviated RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyzes the degradation of RNA into smaller components.
See Digestion and Ribonuclease
Rodent
Rodents (from Latin rodere, 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.
Rumen
The rumen, also known as a paunch, is the largest stomach compartment in ruminants and the larger part of the reticulorumen, which is the first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. Digestion and rumen are digestive system.
Ruminant
Ruminants are herbivorous grazing or browsing artiodactyls belonging to the suborder Ruminantia that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions.
Saliva
Saliva (commonly referred to as spit or drool) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.
Salivary gland
The salivary glands in many vertebrates including mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts.
See Digestion and Salivary gland
Secretin
Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. Digestion and secretin are digestive system.
Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.
Segmentation contractions
Segmentation contractions (or movements) are a type of intestinal motility. Digestion and Segmentation contractions are digestive system.
See Digestion and Segmentation contractions
Shark anatomy
Shark anatomy differs from that of bony fish in a variety of ways.
See Digestion and Shark anatomy
Short-chain fatty acid
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids of two to six carbon atoms.
See Digestion and Short-chain fatty acid
Small intestine
The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place. Digestion and small intestine are digestive system.
See Digestion and Small intestine
Somatostatin
Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or by several other names, is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones.
See Digestion and Somatostatin
Spider
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk.
Squid
A squid (squid) is a mollusc with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the orders Myopsida, Oegopsida, and Bathyteuthida.
Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
Stomach
The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. Digestion and stomach are digestive system.
Sublingual administration
Sublingual (abbreviated SL), from the Latin for "under the tongue", refers to the pharmacological route of administration by which substances diffuse into the blood through tissues under the tongue.
See Digestion and Sublingual administration
Sucrase
Sucrases are digestive enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to its component monosaccharides, fructose and glucose.
Sucrose
Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits.
Surface area
The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies.
See Digestion and Surface area
Swallowing
Swallowing, also called deglutition or inglutition in scientific contexts, is the process in the body of a human or other animal that allows for a substance to pass from the mouth, to the pharynx, and into the esophagus, while shutting the epiglottis.
Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.
See Digestion and Sympathetic nervous system
Toddler
A toddler is a child approximately 1 to 3 years old, though definitions vary.
Tongue
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. Digestion and tongue are digestive system.
Triglyceride
A triglyceride (from tri- and glyceride; also TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.
See Digestion and Triglyceride
Trypsin
Trypsin is an enzyme in the first section of the small intestine that starts the digestion of protein molecules by cutting long chains of amino acids into smaller pieces.
Trypsinogen
Trypsinogen is the precursor form (or zymogen) of trypsin, a digestive enzyme.
Type III secretion system
The type III secretion system (T3SS or TTSS) is one of the bacterial secretion systems used by bacteria to secrete their effector proteins into the host's cells to promote virulence and colonisation.
See Digestion and Type III secretion system
Vacuole
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells.
Vagus nerve
The vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve, cranial nerve X, or simply CN X, is a cranial nerve that carries sensory fibers that create a pathway that interfaces with the parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.
Venus flytrap
The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is a carnivorous plant native to the temperate and subtropical wetlands of North Carolina and South Carolina, on the East Coast of the United States.
See Digestion and Venus flytrap
Vertebrate
Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
In cell biology, a vesicle is a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
See Digestion and Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
Virulence
Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism.
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements.
Zymogen
In biochemistry, a zymogen, also called a proenzyme, is an inactive precursor of an enzyme.
References
Also known as Absorbtive state, Absorption (biology), Absorption (digestive), Absorptive state, Breaking down food, Chemical digestion, Digestant, Digested, Digestibility, Digestible, Digesting, Digestive Organs, Digestive System, Digestive hormone, Disgestive System, Fat digestion, Lipid digestion, Mechanics of the digestive tract, Period of digestion.
, Delta cell, Denaturation (biochemistry), Deoxyribonuclease, Diazotroph, Diffusion, Digestive enzyme, Digestive system of gastropods, Diglyceride, Dipeptidase, Disaccharide, Discovery and development of proton pump inhibitors, Duodenum, Earthworm, Ecological niche, Electrolyte, Endosymbiont, Entamoeba histolytica, Enteropeptidase, Enzyme, Epithelium, Erepsin, Esophagus, Evolution of mammals, Exopeptidase, Fatty acid, Feces, Fermentation, Food, Fructose, Functional group, Fungus, G cell, Galactose, Gallbladder, Gastric acid, Gastric distension, Gastric glands, Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, Gastrin, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Gastrointestinal tract, Gastrovascular cavity, Gizzard, Glucose, Glycerol, Gram-negative bacteria, Haptocorrin, Hemicellulose, Herbivore, Histamine, Human anus, Human digestive system, Human feces, Human mouth, Humpback whale, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrogen, Hydrolysis, Hypothalamus, Infant, Ingestion, Innate immune system, Intestinal gland, Intestinal villus, Intrinsic factor, Α-Amylase, Kingdom (biology), Lactase, Lactose, Lactose intolerance, Large intestine, Lingual lipase, Liver, Lysosome, Macaw, Maltose, Mammal, Medulla oblongata, Membrane fusion protein, Microvillus, Migrating motor complex, Molecular diffusion, Monosaccharide, Mosby (imprint), Motilin, Mouth, Mucous membrane, Mucus, Nuclease, Nucleotide, Nutrition, Omasum, Opine, Oral mucosa, Organism, Osmosis, Outer membrane vesicle, Pancreas, Pancreatic duct, Pancreatic juice, Pancreatic lipase family, Parietal cell, Pathogen, Pepsin, Peptide, Peristalsis, PH, Phagocytosis, Phagolysosome, Phagosome, Pharynx, Phases of digestion, Polysaccharide, Propionic acid, Protein, Proteolysis, Proteose, Protozoa, Pylorus, Rabbit, Radula, Rectum, Red blood cell, Regurgitation (digestion), Reticulum (anatomy), Rhizobia, Rhizobium rhizogenes, Ribonuclease, Rodent, Rumen, Ruminant, Saliva, Salivary gland, Secretin, Secretion, Segmentation contractions, Shark anatomy, Short-chain fatty acid, Small intestine, Somatostatin, Spider, Squid, Starch, Stomach, Sublingual administration, Sucrase, Sucrose, Surface area, Swallowing, Sympathetic nervous system, Toddler, Tongue, Triglyceride, Trypsin, Trypsinogen, Type III secretion system, Vacuole, Vagus nerve, Venus flytrap, Vertebrate, Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Virulence, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K, Zymogen.