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Diphtheria

Index Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. [1]

121 relations: Adenosine diphosphate ribose, ADP-ribosylation, Airborne disease, Alexandre Yersin, American Academy of Pediatrics, Antibiotic, Antitoxin, Antwerp, Bacteria, Bacteriophage, Barcelona, Béla Schick, Belgium, Benzylpenicillin, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clemens von Pirquet, Clindamycin, Clinical case definition, Commonwealth of Independent States, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Cough, Croup, Cyanosis, Cytoplasm, Developed country, Developing country, Diphthamide, Diphtheria toxin, Diphtheria vaccine, Disulfide, Edwin Klebs, Elongation factor, Emil von Behring, Endosome, Erythromycin, Exotoxin, Expanded Program on Immunization, Fatigue, Fever, First Lady of the United States, Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston, Friedrich Loeffler, Grover Cleveland, H. K. Mulford Company, Haiti, Heart arrhythmia, Heart failure, Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, Hermann Biggs, Hippocrates, ..., Histidine, Hoarse voice, Hyderabad, Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, Indonesia, Infection, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Intensive care unit, Intubation, JAMA (journal), Joseph O'Dwyer, Kedah, Kitasato Shibasaburō, Koch's postulates, Lymph node, Lymphadenopathy, Malacca, Malaysia, Merck & Co., MetLife, Metronidazole, Microbiological culture, Molecular mass, Myocarditis, Nicotinamide, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Nome, Alaska, Paralysis, Paul Ehrlich, Pentavalent vaccine, Peptide, Peripheral neuropathy, Pertussis vaccine, Pierre Bretonneau, Pierre Paul Émile Roux, Port-au-Prince, President of the United States, Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (1874–1878), Princeton, New Jersey, Procaine benzylpenicillin, Protease, Protein, Proteinuria, Public domain, Queen Victoria, Receptor-mediated endocytosis, Ribosome, Rifampicin, Ruth Cleveland, Schick test, Serum sickness, Shortness of breath, Stridor, Sub-Saharan Africa, Tetanus, Tetanus vaccine, The BMJ, Thrombocytopenia, Toxin, Tracheotomy, Transfer RNA, UNICEF, Vaccination, Vaccine controversies, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Victor Fourgeaud, William Hallock Park, Zoonosis, 1925 serum run to Nome, 2010 Haiti earthquake. Expand index (71 more) »

Adenosine diphosphate ribose

Adenosine diphosphate ribose is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase.

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ADP-ribosylation

ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more ADP-ribose moieties to a protein.

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Airborne disease

An airborne disease is any disease that is caused by pathogens that can be transmitted through the air.

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Alexandre Yersin

Alexandre Emile Jean Yersin (22 September 1863 – 1 March 1943) was a Swiss and naturalized French physician and bacteriologist.

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American Academy of Pediatrics

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an American professional association of pediatricians, headquartered in Itasca, Illinois.

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Antibiotic

An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.

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Antitoxin

An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin.

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Antwerp

Antwerp (Antwerpen, Anvers) is a city in Belgium, and is the capital of Antwerp province in Flanders.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Bacteriophage

A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within Bacteria and Archaea.

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Barcelona

Barcelona is a city in Spain.

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Béla Schick

Béla Schick (16 July 1877 – 6 December 1967) was a Hungarian-born American pediatrician.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Benzylpenicillin

Benzylpenicillin, also known as penicillin G, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.

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Clemens von Pirquet

Clemens Peter Freiherr von Pirquet (12 May 187428 February 1929) was an Austrian scientist and pediatrician best known for his contributions to the fields of bacteriology and immunology.

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Clindamycin

Clindamycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Clinical case definition

In epidemiology, a clinical case definition, a clinical definition, or simply a case definition lists the clinical criteria by which public health professionals determine whether a person's illness is included as a case in an outbreak investigation—that is, whether a person is considered directly affected by an outbreak.

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Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; r), also nicknamed the Russian Commonwealth (in order to distinguish it from the Commonwealth of Nations), is a political and economic intergovernmental organization of nine member states and one associate member, all of which are former Soviet Republics located in Eurasia (primarily in Central to North Asia), formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria.

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Cough

A cough is a sudden and often repetitively occurring, protective reflex, which helps to clear the large breathing passages from fluids, irritants, foreign particles and microbes.

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Croup

Croup, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus.

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Cyanosis

Cyanosis is defined as the bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation.

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Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.

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Developed country

A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

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Developing country

A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

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Diphthamide

Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine amino acid found in archaeal and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2).

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Diphtheria toxin

Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria.

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Diphtheria vaccine

Diphtheria vaccine is a vaccine against Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the bacterium that causes diphtheria.

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Disulfide

In chemistry, a disulfide refers to a functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′.

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Edwin Klebs

Theodor Albrecht Edwin Klebs (6 February 1834 – 23 October 1913) was a German-Swiss pathologist.

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Elongation factor

Elongation factors are a set of proteins that are used in protein synthesis in the process of cell cycle and elongation in some cells.

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Emil von Behring

Emil von Behring (Emil Adolf von Behring), born as Emil Adolf Behring (15 March 1854 – 31 March 1917), was a German physiologist who received the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the first one awarded, for his discovery of a diphtheria antitoxin.

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Endosome

In cell biology, an endosome is a membrane-bound compartment inside eukaryotic cells.

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Erythromycin

Erythromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Exotoxin

An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria.

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Expanded Program on Immunization

The Expanded Program on Immunization is a World Health Organization program with the goal to make vaccines available to all children.

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Fatigue

Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness that has a gradual onset.

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Fever

Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.

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First Lady of the United States

The First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the title held by the hostess of the White House, usually the wife of the President of the United States, concurrent with the President's term in office.

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Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston

Frances Clara Cleveland Preston (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was married to the President of the United States Grover Cleveland and was the First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897.

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Friedrich Loeffler

Friedrich August Johannes Loeffler (24 June 18529 April 1915) was a German bacteriologist at the University of Greifswald.

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Grover Cleveland

Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897).

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H. K. Mulford Company

The H. K. Mulford Company was a pharmaceutical company founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Haiti

Haiti (Haïti; Ayiti), officially the Republic of Haiti and formerly called Hayti, is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea.

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Heart arrhythmia

Heart arrhythmia (also known as arrhythmia, dysrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat) is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow.

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Heart failure

Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.

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Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the HBEGF gene.

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Hermann Biggs

Hermann Michael Biggs (September 29, 1859 – June 28, 1923) was an American physician and pioneer in the field of public health who helped apply the science of bacteriology to the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

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Hippocrates

Hippocrates of Kos (Hippokrátēs ho Kṓos), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.

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Histidine

Histidine (symbol His or H) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Hoarse voice

A hoarse voice, also known as hoarseness or dysphonia, is when the voice involuntarily sounds breathy, raspy, or strained, or is softer in volume or lower in pitch.

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Hyderabad

Hyderabad is the capital of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh.

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Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race

The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long-distance sled dog race run in early March from Anchorage to Nome, entirely within the US state of Alaska.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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Infectious disease (medical specialty)

Infectious disease, also known as infectious diseases, infectious medicine, infectious disease medicine or infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections.

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Intensive care unit

Intensive care unit An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive treatment medicine.

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Intubation

Intubation (sometimes entubation) is a medical procedure involving the insertion of a tube into the body.

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JAMA (journal)

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association.

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Joseph O'Dwyer

Joseph O'Dwyer (October 12, 1841 – January 7, 1898) was an American physician.

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Kedah

Kedah (Jawi: قدح), also known by its honorific Darul Aman or "Abode of Peace", is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia.

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Kitasato Shibasaburō

Baron was a Japanese physician and bacteriologist during the reign of the Empire of Japan, prior to World War 2.

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Koch's postulates

Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease.

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Lymph node

A lymph node or lymph gland is an ovoid or kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, and of the adaptive immune system, that is widely present throughout the body.

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Lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy or adenopathy is disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size, number, or consistency.

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Malacca

Malacca (Melaka; மலாக்கா) dubbed "The Historic State", is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Merck & Co.

Merck & Company, Inc., d.b.a. Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) outside the United States and Canada, is an American pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

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MetLife

MetLife, Inc. is the holding corporation for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (MLIC), better known as MetLife, and its affiliates.

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Metronidazole

Metronidazole, marketed under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication.

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Microbiological culture

A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions.

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Molecular mass

Relative Molecular mass or molecular weight is the mass of a molecule.

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Myocarditis

Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation of the heart muscle.

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Nicotinamide

Nicotinamide (NAA), also known as niacinamide, is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication.

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells.

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Nome, Alaska

Nome (Siqnazuaq) is a city in the Nome Census Area in the Unorganized Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.

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Paralysis

Paralysis is a loss of muscle function for one or more muscles.

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Paul Ehrlich

Paul Ehrlich (14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a German Jewish physician and scientist who worked in the fields of hematology, immunology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy.

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Pentavalent vaccine

A pentavalent vaccine is a combined vaccine with five individual vaccines conjugated into one, intended to actively protect people from multiple diseases.

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Peptide

Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.

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Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is damage to or disease affecting nerves, which may impair sensation, movement, gland or organ function, or other aspects of health, depending on the type of nerve affected.

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Pertussis vaccine

Pertussis vaccine is a vaccine that protects against whooping cough (pertussis).

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Pierre Bretonneau

Pierre-Fidèle Bretonneau (3 April 1778 – 18 February 1862) was a French medical doctor.

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Pierre Paul Émile Roux

Pierre Paul Émile Roux FRS (17 December 1853, Confolens, Charente – 3 November 1933, Paris) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist.

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Port-au-Prince

Port-au-Prince (Pòtoprens) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Princess Alice of the United Kingdom

Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (Alice Maud Mary; 25 April 1843 – 14 December 1878), Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine, was the third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

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Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (1874–1878)

Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (Prinzessin Marie Viktoria Feodore Leopoldine von Hessen und bei Rhein, 24 May 1874 – 16 November 1878), was the youngest child and fifth daughter of Ludwig IV, the Grand Duke of Hesse and his first wife Princess Alice of the United Kingdom.

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Princeton, New Jersey

Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, that was established in its current form on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township.

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Procaine benzylpenicillin

Procaine benzylpenicillin also known as penicillin G procaine, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Protease

A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Proteinuria

Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine.

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Public domain

The public domain consists of all the creative works to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply.

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Queen Victoria

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death.

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, other proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of plasma membrane vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being absorbed (endocytosis).

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Ribosome

The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).

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Rifampicin

Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and Legionnaire's disease.

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Ruth Cleveland

Ruth Cleveland (October 3, 1891 – January 7, 1904), popularly known as Baby Ruth, was the eldest of five children born to United States President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frances Cleveland.

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Schick test

The Schick test, invented between 1910 and 1911, is a test used to determine whether or not a person is susceptible to diphtheria.

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Serum sickness

Serum sickness in humans is a reaction to proteins in antiserum derived from a non-human animal source, occurring 5–10 days after exposure.

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Shortness of breath

Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.

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Stridor

Stridor (Latin for "creaking or grating noise") is a high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree.

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Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.

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Tetanus

Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is an infection characterized by muscle spasms.

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Tetanus vaccine

Tetanus vaccine, also known as tetanus toxoid (TT), is an inactive vaccine used to prevent tetanus.

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The BMJ

The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

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Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood.

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Toxin

A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.

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Tracheotomy

Tracheotomy, or tracheostomy, is a surgical procedure which consists of making an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea (windpipe).

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Transfer RNA

A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.

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UNICEF

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is a United Nations (UN) program headquartered in New York City that provides humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries.

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Vaccination

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.

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Vaccine controversies

Vaccine controversies have occurred since almost 80 years before the terms vaccine and vaccination were introduced, and continue to this day.

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Vall d'Hebron University Hospital

The Vall d'Hebron University Hospital is a public health and university center that belongs to the Catalan Health Institute.

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Victor Fourgeaud

Victor Fourgeaud was a San Francisco doctor and legislator.

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William Hallock Park

William Hallock Park (December 30, 1863 – April 6, 1939) was an American bacteriologist and laboratory director at the New York City Board of Health, Division of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Disinfection from 1893 to 1936.

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Zoonosis

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans.

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1925 serum run to Nome

The 1925 serum run to Nome, also known as the Great Race of Mercy, was a transport of diphtheria antitoxin by dog sled relay across the U.S. territory of Alaska by 20 mushers and about 150 sled dogs in five and a half days, saving the small town of Nome and the surrounding communities from an incipient epidemic.

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2010 Haiti earthquake

The 2010 Haiti earthquake (Séisme de 2010 à Haïti; Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti) was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake, with an epicenter near the town of Léogâne (Ouest), approximately west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital.

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Redirects here:

ATC code J06AA01, Angina diphtheritica, Clostridium diphtheriae, Diphteria, Diphtheira, Diphthera, Diphtheria carrier state, Diphtherite, Diphtheritic croup, Diphtheritis, Diphthery croup, Diptheria, Dyphteria, Dyphtheria, Dyptheria, Respiratory diphtheria, Strangling Angel, True croup.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphtheria

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