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337 relations: Ab anbar, Abbasid Caliphate, Achaemenid Empire, Air-supported structure, Alexander the Great, Alhambra, Anatolia, Ancient history, Ancient Near East, Andrea Palladio, Anno Domini, Apostles, Apse, Aquitaine, Arab Muslims, Arcade (architecture), Arch, Çine, Üç Şerefeli Mosque, Şehzade Mosque, Baldachin, Balkans, Baroque, Baroque architecture, Barrel vault, Baths of Agrippa, Bavaria, Bay (architecture), Bayezid I, Bayezid II Mosque, Beehive tomb, Bernardo Rossellino, Bohemia, Bronze Age, Bubonic plague, Buckminster Fuller, Byzantine Anatolia, Byzantine architecture, Byzantine Empire, Caldarium, Cameroon, Cantilever, Carthage, Cassino, Cast iron, Catenary, Catenary arch, Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, Cathedral of St. Sophia, Novgorod, Celestial sphere, ..., Cenotaph, Central Asia, Centring, Chamfer, Chant, Charlemagne, Chhatri, China, Chinese architecture, Christianization of Kievan Rus', Church of the Tithes, Ciborium (architecture), Circular segment, Column, Compression (physics), Convention center, Corbel, Corbel arch, Cross-in-square, Crossing (architecture), Crusades, Cupola, De architectura, De Re Aedificatoria, Deccan Plateau, Dome car, Dome of the Rock, Domenico Fontana, Domus Aurea, Donato Bramante, Early Christianity, Early modern period, Eastern Wu, Efé people, Electroplating, Emir, Encyclopædia Iranica, Fall of Constantinople, Filippo Brunelleschi, Finial, Finite element method, Flavian dynasty, Florence Cathedral, Francesco Giorgi, Frigidarium, Funerary art, Gas holder, Gebze, Geodesic, Geodesic dome, Georgian architecture, Giacomo della Porta, Gilding, Glazing (window), Gol Gumbaz, Gold, Grand Mosque of Bursa, Greenhouse, Gridshell, Guarino Guarini, Guastavino tile, Hadrian, Hagia Sophia, Halle aux blés (Paris), Han dynasty, Helix, Hellenistic period, Himba people, Hindu temple architecture, Historicism (art), Holy Roman Emperor, Hong Kong Museum of History, Humayun's Tomb, Hut, Iberian Peninsula, Icosahedron, Igloo, Il Redentore, Ilkhanate, India, Indigenous peoples, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Industrial Age, Industrial Revolution, Inuit, Iranian architecture, Iranian Plateau, Islam, Islamic architecture, Istanbul, Iwan, Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, Jena, Jennifer Montagu, Jesus, Jin dynasty (265–420), Johann Wilhelm Schwedler, John Nash (architect), Justinian I, Karađoz Bey Mosque, Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex, Keystone (architecture), Kiev, Knights Templar, Kolomenskoye, Laleli Mosque, Later Stone Age, Lateran Baptistery, Latin, Latitude, Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum, Leon Battista Alberti, Lintel, List of celebrated domes, List of domes in France, List of largest domes, List of tallest Eastern Orthodox church buildings, Little Hagia Sophia, Lodi dynasty, Low Countries, Mamluk architecture, Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Mammoth, Mediterranean Sea, Membrane structure, Mercury (element), Meridian (geography), Mesopotamia, Mezhyrich, Middle Ages, Middle East, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı), Milan, Mimar Sinan, Minaret, Modern history, Monolithic dome, Monticello, Moors, Moscow, Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba, Mosques commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty, Mostar, Motive power depot, Mudurnu, Mughal architecture, Muqarnas, Musgum mud huts, Muslim conquest of the Levant, Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, Namibia, Nave, Near East, Neoclassical architecture, Neolithic, Nero, New Mosque (Istanbul), Niche (architecture), Nisa, Turkmenistan, Nizam al-Mulk, Nuruosmaniye Mosque, Observatory, Octagon, Octahedron, Oculus, Ogee, Old Testament, Onion, Onion dome, Orient, Ottoman Empire, Oval, Palatine Chapel, Aachen, Palestine (region), Pantheon, Rome, Parabola, Parthian Empire, Pazzi Chapel, Périgord, Pendentive, Pier (architecture), Planetarium, Polyhedron, Pompeii, Portland cement, Post and lintel, Pozzolana, Prehistory, Qajar dynasty, Quincunx, Radome, Rüstem Pasha Mosque, Renaissance, Renaissance architecture, Resonator, Retractable roof, Rib vault, Robert Hooke, Rococo, Roman Empire, Romanesque architecture, Roof lantern, Rotunda (architecture), Royal Albert Hall, Royal Pavilion, Russian architecture, Safavid dynasty, Saint Isaac's Cathedral, Samanid Mausoleum, San Giorgio Maggiore (church), Venice, San Lorenzo, Florence, Santa Croce, Florence, Santo Tomás de las Ollas, Süleymaniye Mosque, Sebastiano Serlio, Selimiye Mosque, Seljuk architecture, Seljuk Empire, Seljuq dynasty, Semi-dome, Shah Cheragh, Sicily, Silesia, Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Kadırga), Soltan Bakht Agha Mausoleum, Song dynasty, Southern Italy, Space frame, Spandrel, Sphere, Squinch, St Paul's Cathedral, St. Gereon's Basilica, Cologne, St. Peter's Basilica, Statics, Steeple, Structural analysis, Structural load, Stupa, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Surface of revolution, Sustainable architecture, Tabularium, Taj Mahal, Tambour, Türbe, Tensegrity, Tension (physics), Tented roof, Tetrahedron, Thermae, Thin-shell structure, Tholobate, Thomas Jefferson, Three Kingdoms, Thrust, Tie (engineering), Tomb of Balban, Tomb of Safdar Jang, Transept, Transoxiana, Treasury of Atreus, Tumulus, Turret, Umayyad Caliphate, University of Kassel, Vault (architecture), Venice, Vernacular architecture, Vicenza, Vicoforte, Villa Capra "La Rotonda", Vitruvius, Vladimir Shukhov, Voussoir, Walther Bauersfeld, Wattle and daub, Western Roman Empire, Western world, Whispering gallery, Wigwam, Winter garden, Wrought iron, Yakhchāl, Yangtze. Expand index (287 more) »
Ab anbar
An āb anbār (آب انبار, literally "water reservoir") is a traditional reservoir or cistern of drinking water in Greater Iran in antiquity.
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Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire, also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great.
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Air-supported structure
An air-supported (or air-inflated) structure is any building that derives its structural integrity from the use of internal pressurized air to inflate a pliable material (i.e. structural fabric) envelope, so that air is the main support of the structure, and where access is via airlocks.
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Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.
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Alhambra
The Alhambra (الْحَمْرَاء, Al-Ḥamrā, lit. "The Red One",The "Al-" in "Alhambra" means "the" in Arabic, but this is ignored in general usage in both English and Spanish, where the name is normally given the definite articleالْحَمْرَاء, trans.; literally "the red one", feminine; in colloquial Arabic: the complete Arabic form of which was Qalat Al-Hamra)الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ, trans.
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Anatolia
Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.
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Ancient history
Ancient history is the aggregate of past events, "History" from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the post-classical history.
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Ancient Near East
The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, northeastern Syria and Kuwait), ancient Egypt, ancient Iran (Elam, Media, Parthia and Persia), Anatolia/Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula.
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Andrea Palladio
Andrea Palladio (30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian architect active in the Republic of Venice.
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Anno Domini
The terms anno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
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Apostles
In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles, particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary disciples of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity.
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Apse
In architecture, an apse (plural apses; from Latin absis: "arch, vault" from Greek ἀψίς apsis "arch"; sometimes written apsis, plural apsides) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome, also known as an Exedra.
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Aquitaine
Aquitaine (Aquitània; Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Aguiéne), archaic Guyenne/Guienne (Occitan: Guiana) was a traditional region of France, and was an administrative region of France until 1 January 2016.
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Arab Muslims
Arab Muslims are adherents of Islam who identify linguistically, culturally, and genealogically as Arabs.
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Arcade (architecture)
An arcade is a succession of arches, each counter-thrusting the next, supported by columns, piers, or a covered walkway enclosed by a line of such arches on one or both sides.
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Arch
An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space and may or may not support the weight above it, or in case of a horizontal arch like an arch dam, the hydrostatic pressure against it.
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Çine
Çine is a town and a district of Aydın Province, in the Aegean region of Turkey, from the city of Aydın, on the road to Muğla.
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Üç Şerefeli Mosque
The Üç Şerefeli Mosque (Üç Şerefeli Camii) is a 15th-century Ottoman mosque in Edirne, Turkey.
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Şehzade Mosque
The Şehzade Mosque (Şehzade Camii, from the original Persian شاهزاده Šāhzādeh, meaning "prince") is a 16th-century Ottoman imperial mosque located in the district of Fatih, on the third hill of Istanbul, Turkey.
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Baldachin
A baldachin, or baldaquin (from baldacchino), is a canopy of state typically placed over an altar or throne.
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Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
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Baroque
The Baroque is a highly ornate and often extravagant style of architecture, art and music that flourished in Europe from the early 17th until the late 18th century.
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Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church.
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Barrel vault
A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance.
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Baths of Agrippa
The Baths of Agrippa (Latin: Thermae Agrippae) was a structure of ancient Rome, in what is now Italy, built by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa.
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Bavaria
Bavaria (Bavarian and Bayern), officially the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.
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Bay (architecture)
In architecture, a bay is the space between architectural elements, or a recess or compartment.
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Bayezid I
Bayezid I (بايزيد اول; I. (nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman Turkish: یلدیرم), "Lightning, Thunderbolt"); 1360 – 8 March 1403) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1389 to 1402.
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Bayezid II Mosque
The Bayezid II Mosque (Beyazıt Camii, Bayezid Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in the Beyazıt Square area of Istanbul, Turkey, near the ruins of the Forum of Theodosius of ancient Constantinople.
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Beehive tomb
A beehive tomb, also known as a tholos tomb (plural tholoi) (Greek: θολωτός τάφος, θολωτοί τάφοι, "domed tombs"), is a burial structure characterized by its false dome created by the superposition of successively smaller rings of mudbricks or, more often, stones.
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Bernardo Rossellino
Bernardo di Matteo del Borra Gamberelli (1409 Settignano – 1464 Florence), better known as Bernardo Rossellino, was an Italian sculptor and architect, the elder brother of the sculptor Antonio Rossellino.
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Bohemia
Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.
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Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.
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Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Buckminster Fuller
Richard Buckminster "Bucky" Fuller (July 12, 1895 – July 1, 1983) was an American architect, systems theorist, author, designer, inventor and futurist.
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Byzantine Anatolia
The history of the Eastern Roman Empire (324–1453) is generally considered to fall into three distinct eras.
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Byzantine architecture
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, also known as the Later Roman or Eastern Roman Empire.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Caldarium
Caldarium from the Roman Baths at Bath, England. The floor has been removed to reveal the empty space where the hot air flowed through to heat the floor. A caldarium (also called a calidarium, cella caldaria or cella coctilium) was a room with a hot plunge bath, used in a Roman bath complex.
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Cameroon
No description.
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Cantilever
A cantilever is a rigid structural element, such as a beam or a plate, anchored at one end to a (usually vertical) support from which it protrudes; this connection could also be perpendicular to a flat, vertical surface such as a wall.
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Carthage
Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.
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Cassino
Cassino is a comune in the province of Frosinone, central Italy, at the southern end of the region of Lazio, the last City of the Latin Valley.
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Cast iron
Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2%.
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Catenary
In physics and geometry, a catenary is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends.
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Catenary arch
A catenary arch is a type of architectural pointed arch that follows an inverted catenary curve.
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Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Храм Христа Спасителя, Khram Khrista Spasitelya) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral in Moscow, Russia, on the northern bank of the Moskva River, a few hundred metres southwest of the Kremlin.
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Cathedral of St. Sophia, Novgorod
The Cathedral of St. Sophia (the Holy Wisdom of God) in Veliky Novgorod is the cathedral church of the Archbishop of Novgorod and the mother church of the Novgorodian Eparchy.
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Celestial sphere
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere with an arbitrarily large radius concentric to Earth.
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Cenotaph
A cenotaph is an empty tomb or a monument erected in honour of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere.
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Central Asia
Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.
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Centring
Centring, centre, centering"Centering 2, Centring 2" def.
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Chamfer
A chamfer is a transitional edge between two faces of an object.
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Chant
A chant (from French chanter, from Latin cantare, "to sing") is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones.
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Charlemagne
Charlemagne or Charles the Great (Karl der Große, Carlo Magno; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800.
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Chhatri
Chhatris are elevated, dome-shaped pavilions used as an element in Indian architecture.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Chinese architecture
Chinese architecture is a style of architecture that has taken shape in East Asia over many centuries.
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Christianization of Kievan Rus'
The Christianization of Kievan Rus' took place in several stages.
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Church of the Tithes
The Church of the Tithes or Church of the Dormition of the Virgin (Десятинна Церква., Desiatynna Tserkva; Десятинная Церковь, Desyatinnaya Tserkov') was the first stone church in Kiev.
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Ciborium (architecture)
In ecclesiastical architecture, a ciborium ("ciborion": κιβώριον in Greek) is a canopy or covering supported by columns, freestanding in the sanctuary, that stands over and covers the altar in a basilica or other church.
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Circular segment
In geometry, a circular segment (symbol: ⌓) is a region of a circle which is "cut off" from the rest of the circle by a secant or a chord.
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Column
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
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Compression (physics)
In mechanics, compression is the application of balanced inward ("pushing") forces to different points on a material or structure, that is, forces with no net sum or torque directed so as to reduce its size in one or more directions.
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Convention center
A convention center (American English; conference centre outside the USA) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests.
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Corbel
In architecture a corbel is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight, a type of bracket.
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Corbel arch
A corbel arch (or corbeled / corbelled arch) is an arch-like construction method that uses the architectural technique of corbeling to span a space or void in a structure, such as an entranceway in a wall or as the span of a bridge.
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Cross-in-square
A cross-in-square or crossed-dome plan was the dominant architectural form of middle- and late-period Byzantine churches.
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Crossing (architecture)
A crossing, in ecclesiastical architecture, is the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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Cupola
In architecture, a cupola is a relatively small, most often dome-like, tall structure on top of a building.
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De architectura
De architectura (On architecture, published as Ten Books on Architecture) is a treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect and military engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects.
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De Re Aedificatoria
De re aedificatoria (On the Art of Building) is a classic architectural treatise written by Leon Battista Alberti between 1443 and 1452.
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Deccan Plateau
The Deccan PlateauPage 46, is a large plateau in western and southern India.
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Dome car
A dome car is a type of railway passenger car that has a glass dome on the top of the car where passengers can ride and see in all directions around the train.
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Dome of the Rock
The Dome of the Rock (قبة الصخرة Qubbat al-Sakhrah, כיפת הסלע Kippat ha-Sela) is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem.
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Domenico Fontana
Domenico Fontana (154328 June 1607) was an Italian architect of the late Renaissance, born in today's Ticino.
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Domus Aurea
The Domus Aurea (Latin, "Golden House") was a vast landscaped palace built by the Emperor Nero in the heart of ancient Rome after the great fire in 64 AD had destroyed a large part of the city and the aristocratic villas on the Palatine Hill.
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Donato Bramante
Donato Bramante (1444 – 11 April 1514), born as Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio and also known as Bramante Lazzari, was an Italian architect.
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Early Christianity
Early Christianity, defined as the period of Christianity preceding the First Council of Nicaea in 325, typically divides historically into the Apostolic Age and the Ante-Nicene Period (from the Apostolic Age until Nicea).
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Early modern period
The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era.
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Eastern Wu
Wu (222–280), commonly known as Dong Wu (Eastern Wu) or Sun Wu, was one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280).
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Efé people
The Efé are a group of part-time hunter-gatherer people living in the Ituri Rainforest of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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Electroplating
Electroplating is a process that uses an electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode.
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Emir
An emir (أمير), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is an aristocratic or noble and military title of high office used in a variety of places in the Arab countries, West African, and Afghanistan.
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Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.
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Fall of Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople (Ἅλωσις τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Halōsis tēs Kōnstantinoupoleōs; İstanbul'un Fethi Conquest of Istanbul) was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading Ottoman army on 29 May 1453.
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Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was an Italian designer and a key figure in architecture, recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor.
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Finial
A finial or hip-knob is an element marking the top or end of some object, often formed to be a decorative feature.
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Finite element method
The finite element method (FEM), is a numerical method for solving problems of engineering and mathematical physics.
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Flavian dynasty
The Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 AD and 96 AD, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69–79), and his two sons Titus (79–81) and Domitian (81–96).
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Florence Cathedral
Florence Cathedral, formally the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore (in English "Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower") is the cathedral of Florence, Italy, or Il Duomo di Firenze, in Italian.
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Francesco Giorgi
Francesco Giorgi Veneto (1466–1540) was an Italian Franciscan friar, and author of the work De harmonia mundi totius from 1525.
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Frigidarium
A frigidarium is a large cold pool at the Roman baths.
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Funerary art
Funerary art is any work of art forming, or placed in, a repository for the remains of the dead.
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Gas holder
A gas holder, or gasometer, is a large container in which natural gas or town gas is stored near atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures.
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Gebze
Gebze is a district in Kocaeli Province, Turkey.
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Geodesic
In differential geometry, a geodesic is a generalization of the notion of a "straight line" to "curved spaces".
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Geodesic dome
A geodesic dome is a hemispherical thin-shell structure (lattice-shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron.
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Georgian architecture
Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830.
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Giacomo della Porta
Giacomo della Porta (1532–1602) was an Italian architect and sculptor, who worked on many important buildings in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica.
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Gilding
Gilding is any decorative technique for applying fine gold leaf or powder to solid surfaces such as wood, stone, or metal to give a thin coating of gold.
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Glazing (window)
Glazing, which derives from the Middle English for 'glass', is a part of a wall or window, made of glass.
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Gol Gumbaz
Gol Gumbazis the mausoleum of king Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur.
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Gold
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.
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Grand Mosque of Bursa
Bursa Grand Mosque (Ulu Cami) is a mosque in Bursa, Turkey.
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Greenhouse
A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse) is a structure with walls and roof made mainly of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions are grown.
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Gridshell
A gridshell is a structure which derives its strength from its double curvature (in a similar way that a fabric structure derives strength from double curvature), but is constructed of a grid or lattice.
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Guarino Guarini
The Carignano Palace in Turin. Camillo-Guarino Guarini (17 January 1624 – 6 March 1683) was an Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque, active in Turin as well as Sicily, France, and Portugal.
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Guastavino tile
Guastavino tile is the "Tile Arch System" patented in the United States in 1885 by Valencian (Spanish) architect and builder Rafael Guastavino (1842–1908).
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Hadrian
Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138 AD) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138.
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Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia (from the Greek Αγία Σοφία,, "Holy Wisdom"; Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia; Ayasofya) is a former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal basilica (church), later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum (Ayasofya Müzesi) in Istanbul, Turkey.
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Halle aux blés (Paris)
The Halle aux blés (Corn Exchange) was a circular building in central Paris used by grain traders built in 1763–67, with an open-air interior court that was capped by a wooden dome in 1783, then by an iron dome in 1811.
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Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.
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Helix
A helix, plural helixes or helices, is a type of smooth space curve, i.e. a curve in three-dimensional space.
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Hellenistic period
The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.
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Himba people
The Himba (singular: OmuHimba, plural: OvaHimba) are indigenous peoples with an estimated population of about 50,000 people living in northern Namibia, in the Kunene Region (formerly Kaokoland) and on the other side of the Kunene River in Angola.
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Hindu temple architecture
Hindu temple architecture has many varieties of style, though the basic nature of the Hindu temple remains the same, with the essential feature an inner sanctum, the garbha griha or womb-chamber, where the primary Murti or the image of a deity is housed in a simple bare cell.
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Historicism (art)
Historicism or also historism (Historismus) comprises artistic styles that draw their inspiration from recreating historic styles or imitating the work of historic artisans.
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Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor (historically Romanorum Imperator, "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 AD, from Charlemagne to Francis II).
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Hong Kong Museum of History
The Hong Kong Museum of History is a museum which preserves Hong Kong's historical and cultural heritage.
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Humayun's Tomb
Humayun's tomb (Maqbaera e Humayun) is the tomb of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi, India.
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Hut
A hut is a primitive dwelling, which may be constructed of various local materials.
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Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.
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Icosahedron
In geometry, an icosahedron is a polyhedron with 20 faces.
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Igloo
An igloo (Inuit languages: iglu, Inuktitut syllabics ᐃᒡᓗ (plural: igluit ᐃᒡᓗᐃᑦ)), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of snow, typically built when the snow can be easily compacted.
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Il Redentore
The Chiesa del Santissimo Redentore (Church of the Most Holy Redeemer), commonly known as Il Redentore, is a 16th-century Roman Catholic church located on Giudecca (island) in the sestiere of Dorsoduro, in the city of Venice, Italy.
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Ilkhanate
The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate (ایلخانان, Ilxānān; Хүлэгийн улс, Hu’legīn Uls), was established as a khanate that formed the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire, ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples, also known as first peoples, aboriginal peoples or native peoples, are ethnic groups who are the pre-colonial original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently.
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Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.
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Industrial Age
The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses the changes in economic and social organization that began around 1760 in Great Britain and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines such as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments.
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Inuit
The Inuit (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, "the people") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada and Alaska.
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Iranian architecture
Iranian architecture or Persian architecture (Persian:مهرازى ایرانی) is the architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
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Iranian Plateau
The Iranian Plateau or the Persian Plateau is a geological formation in Western Asia and Central Asia.
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Islam
IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).
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Islamic architecture
Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the present day.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
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Iwan
An iwan (ایوان eyvān, إيوان Iwan, also spelled ivan, Turkish: eyvan) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open.
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Jameh Mosque of Isfahan
The Jāmeh Mosque of Isfahān or Jāme' Mosque of Isfahān (مسجد جامع اصفهان – Masjid-e-Jāmeh Isfahān) is the grand, congregational mosque (Jāmeh) of Isfahān city, within Isfahān Province, Iran.
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Jena
Jena is a German university city and the second largest city in Thuringia.
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Jennifer Montagu
Jennifer Iris Rachel Montagu (born 20 March 1931) is a British art historian, especially in the study of Italian Baroque sculpture.
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Jesus
Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.
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Jin dynasty (265–420)
The Jin dynasty or the Jin Empire (sometimes distinguished as the or) was a Chinese dynasty traditionally dated from 266 to 420.
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Johann Wilhelm Schwedler
Johann Wilhelm Schwedler (23 June 1823, Berlin – 9 June 1894, Berlin) was a German civil engineer and civil servant who designed many bridges and public buildings and invented the Schwedler truss and the Schwedler cupola.
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John Nash (architect)
John Nash (18 January 1752 – 13 May 1835) was an English architect responsible for much of the layout of Regency London under the patronage of the Prince Regent, and during his reign as George IV.
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Justinian I
Justinian I (Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Augustus; Flávios Pétros Sabbátios Ioustinianós; 482 14 November 565), traditionally known as Justinian the Great and also Saint Justinian the Great in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565.
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Karađoz Bey Mosque
Karagöz Bey Mosque (Karađoz-begova džamija, Karagöz Mehmed Bey Camii) is a mosque in the city of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex
The Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex (Kılıç Ali Paşa Külliyesi) is a group of buildings designed and built between 1580 and 1587 by Mimar Sinan, who at the time was in his 90s.
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Keystone (architecture)
A keystone (also known as capstone) is the wedge-shaped stone piece at the apex of a masonry arch, or the generally round one at the apex of a vault.
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Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.
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Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici), also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, the Knights Templar or simply as Templars, were a Catholic military order recognised in 1139 by papal bull Omne Datum Optimum of the Holy See.
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Kolomenskoye
Kolomenskoye (Коло́менское) is a former royal estate situated several kilometers to the southeast of the city center of Moscow, Russia, on the ancient road leading to the town of Kolomna (hence the name).
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Laleli Mosque
The Laleli Mosque (Laleli Camii, or Tulip Mosque) is an 18th-century Ottoman imperial mosque located in Laleli, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Later Stone Age
The Later Stone Age (or LSA) is a period in African prehistory that follows the Middle Stone Age.
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Lateran Baptistery
The domed octagonal Lateran Baptistery stands somewhat apart from the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, Rome, to which it has become joined by later construction.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Latitude
In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.
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Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum
The Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum is composed of a brick tomb (E.Han or slightly later) and an exhibition hall adjacent to it.
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Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti (February 14, 1404 – April 25, 1472) was an Italian humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer; he epitomised the Renaissance Man.
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Lintel
A lintel or lintol is a structural horizontal block that spans the space or opening between two vertical supports.
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List of celebrated domes
List of celebrated domes, listed in order of their completion.
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List of domes in France
This is a list of domes in France.
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List of largest domes
A dome is a self-supporting structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.
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List of tallest Eastern Orthodox church buildings
This is a list of tallest Orthodox church buildings in the world, all those higher than 70 metres.
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Little Hagia Sophia
Little Hagia Sophia Mosque (Küçük Ayasofya Camii), formerly the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus (Ἐκκλησία τῶν Ἁγίων Σεργίου καὶ Βάκχου ἐν τοῖς Ὁρμίσδου, Ekklēsía tôn Hagíōn Sergíou kaì Bákchou en toîs Hormísdou), is a former Greek Eastern Orthodox church dedicated to Saints Sergius and Bacchus in Constantinople, converted into a mosque during the Ottoman Empire.
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Lodi dynasty
The Lodi dynasty (or Lodhi) was an Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526.
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Low Countries
The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.
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Mamluk architecture
Mamluk architecture was a flowering of Islamic art during the reign of the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517), which is most visible in medieval Cairo.
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Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
The Mamluk Sultanate (سلطنة المماليك Salṭanat al-Mamālīk) was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz.
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Mammoth
A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, proboscideans commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair.
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Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.
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Membrane structure
Membrane structures are spatial structures made out of tensioned membranes.
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Mercury (element)
Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
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Meridian (geography)
A (geographical) meridian (or line of longitude) is the half of an imaginary great circle on the Earth's surface, terminated by the North Pole and the South Pole, connecting points of equal longitude.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.
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Mezhyrich
Mezhyrich (Межиріч, also referred to as Mezhirich) is a village (selo) in central Ukraine.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Middle East
The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).
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Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı)
The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque is an Ottoman mosque located in the Edirnekapı neighborhood near the Byzantine land walls of Istanbul, Turkey.
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Milan
Milan (Milano; Milan) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,380,873 while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,235,000.
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Mimar Sinan
Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ (معمار سينان, "Sinan Agha the Grand Architect"; Modern Turkish: Mimar Sinan,, "Sinan the Architect") (1488/1490 – July 17, 1588) was the chief Ottoman architect (mimar) and civil engineer for Sultans Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III.
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Minaret
Minaret (مناره, minarə, minare), from منارة, "lighthouse", also known as Goldaste (گلدسته), is a distinctive architectural structure akin to a tower and typically found adjacent to mosques.
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Modern history
Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history.
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Monolithic dome
A monolithic dome (from Greek mono- and -lithic, meaning "one stone") is a structure cast in a one-piece form.
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Monticello
Monticello was the primary plantation of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, who began designing and building Monticello at age 26 after inheriting land from his father.
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Moors
The term "Moors" refers primarily to the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and Malta during the Middle Ages.
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba
The Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba (Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba), also known as the Great Mosque of Córdoba (Mezquita de Córdoba) and the Mezquita, whose ecclesiastical name is the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption (Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción), is the Catholic cathedral of the Diocese of Córdoba dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and located in the Spanish region of Andalusia.
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Mosques commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty
The list below contains some of the most important mosques in modern-day Turkey that were commissioned by the members of Ottoman imperial family.
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Mostar
Mostar is a city and the administrative center of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Motive power depot
The motive power depot (MPD, or railway depot) is the place where locomotives are usually housed, repaired and maintained when not being used.
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Mudurnu
Mudurnu is a small town and a district of Bolu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey, 52 km south-west of the city of Bolu.
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Mughal architecture
Mughal architecture is the type of Indo-Islamic architecture developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing extent of their empire in the Indian subcontinent.
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Muqarnas
Muqarnas (مقرنص; مقرنس) is a form of ornamented vaulting in Islamic architecture, the "geometric subdivision of a squinch, or cupola, or corbel, into a large number of miniature squinches, producing a sort of cellular structure", sometimes also called a "honeycomb" vault.
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Musgum mud huts
Musgum mud huts or Musgum dwelling units are traditional domestic structures built of mud by the ethnic Musgum people in the Maga sub-division, Mayo-Danay division, Far North Province in Cameroon.
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Muslim conquest of the Levant
The Muslim conquest of the Levant (اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْإٍسْـلَامِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ, Al-Faṫṫḥul-Islāmiyyuash-Shām) or Arab conquest of the Levant (اَلْـفَـتْـحُ الْـعَـرَبِيُّ لِـلـشَّـامِ, Al-Faṫṫḥul-ʿArabiyyu Lish-Shām) occurred in the first half of the 7th century,"Syria." Encyclopædia Britannica.
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Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
Muslim conquests on the Indian subcontinent mainly took place from the 12th to the 16th centuries, though earlier Muslim conquests made limited inroads into modern Afghanistan and Pakistan as early as the time of the Rajput kingdoms in the 8th century.
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Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German:; Republiek van Namibië), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean.
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Nave
The nave is the central aisle of a basilica church, or the main body of a church (whether aisled or not) between its rear wall and the far end of its intersection with the transept at the chancel.
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Near East
The Near East is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia.
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Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century.
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Neolithic
The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.
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Nero
Nero (Latin: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 15 December 37 – 9 June 68 AD) was the last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
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New Mosque (Istanbul)
The Yeni Cami, meaning New Mosque; originally named the Valide Sultan Mosque (Valide Sultan Camii) and later New Valide Sultan Mosque (Yeni Valide Sultan Camii) after its partial reconstruction and completion between 1660 and 1665; is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey.
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Niche (architecture)
A niche (CanE, or) in classical architecture is an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse.
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Nisa, Turkmenistan
Nisa (also Parthaunisa) was an ancient settlement of the Iranic peoples, located near (modern-day) Bagir village, 18 km southwest of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
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Nizam al-Mulk
Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 – October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam al-Mulk (نظامالملک, "Order of the Realm") was a Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire.
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Nuruosmaniye Mosque
The Nuruosmaniye Mosque (Nuruosmaniye Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located in the Çemberlitaş neighbourhood of Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey.
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Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial or celestial events.
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Octagon
In geometry, an octagon (from the Greek ὀκτάγωνον oktágōnon, "eight angles") is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon.
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Octahedron
In geometry, an octahedron (plural: octahedra) is a polyhedron with eight faces, twelve edges, and six vertices.
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Oculus
An oculus (plural oculi, from Latin oculus, 'eye') is a circular opening in the center of a dome or in a wall.
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Ogee
An ogee is a curve (often used in moulding), shaped somewhat like an S, consisting of two arcs that curve in opposite senses, so that the ends are parallel.
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Old Testament
The Old Testament (abbreviated OT) is the first part of Christian Bibles, based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh), a collection of ancient religious writings by the Israelites believed by most Christians and religious Jews to be the sacred Word of God.
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Onion
The onion (Allium cepa L., from Latin cepa "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium.
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Onion dome
An onion dome (луковичная глава, lúkovichnaya glavá; compare лук, luk, "onion") is a dome whose shape resembles an onion.
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Orient
The Orient is the East, traditionally comprising anything that belongs to the Eastern world, in relation to Europe.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Oval
An oval (from Latin ovum, "egg") is a closed curve in a plane which "loosely" resembles the outline of an egg.
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Palatine Chapel, Aachen
The Palatine Chapel in Aachen is an early medieval chapel and remaining component of Charlemagne's Palace of Aachen in what is now Germany.
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Palestine (region)
Palestine (فلسطين,,; Παλαιστίνη, Palaistinē; Palaestina; פלשתינה. Palestina) is a geographic region in Western Asia.
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Pantheon, Rome
The Pantheon (or; Pantheum,Although the spelling Pantheon is standard in English, only Pantheum is found in classical Latin; see, for example, Pliny, Natural History: "Agrippae Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis". See also Oxford Latin Dictionary, s.v. "Pantheum"; Oxford English Dictionary, s.v.: "post-classical Latin pantheon a temple consecrated to all the gods (6th cent.; compare classical Latin pantheum". from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, " of all the gods") is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD). It was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD. Its date of construction is uncertain, because Hadrian chose not to inscribe the new temple but rather to retain the inscription of Agrippa's older temple, which had burned down. The building is circular with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment. A rectangular vestibule links the porch to the rotunda, which is under a coffered concrete dome, with a central opening (oculus) to the sky. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same,. It is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings, in large part because it has been in continuous use throughout its history, and since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs" (Sancta Maria ad Martyres) but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda". The square in front of the Pantheon is called Piazza della Rotonda. The Pantheon is a state property, managed by Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism through the Polo Museale del Lazio; in 2013 it was visited by over 6 million people. The Pantheon's large circular domed cella, with a conventional temple portico front, was unique in Roman architecture. Nevertheless, it became a standard exemplar when classical styles were revived, and has been copied many times by later architects.
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Parabola
In mathematics, a parabola is a plane curve which is mirror-symmetrical and is approximately U-shaped.
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Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran and Iraq.
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Pazzi Chapel
The Pazzi Chapel (Cappella dei Pazzi) is a chapel located in the "first cloister" on the southern flank of the Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence, Italy.
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Périgord
The Périgord (Occitan: Peiregòrd / Perigòrd) is a natural region and former province of France, which corresponds roughly to the current Dordogne département, now forming the northern part of the Aquitaine région.
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Pendentive
A pendentive is a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room.
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Pier (architecture)
A pier, in architecture, is an upright support for a structure or superstructure such as an arch or bridge.
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Planetarium
A planetarium (plural planetaria or planetariums) is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation.
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Polyhedron
In geometry, a polyhedron (plural polyhedra or polyhedrons) is a solid in three dimensions with flat polygonal faces, straight edges and sharp corners or vertices.
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Pompeii
Pompeii was an ancient Roman city near modern Naples in the Campania region of Italy, in the territory of the comune of Pompei.
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Portland cement
Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout.
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Post and lintel
In architecture, post and lintel (also called prop and lintel or a trabeated system) is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them.
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Pozzolana
Pozzolana, also known as pozzolanic ash (pulvis puteolanus in Latin), is a natural siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature (cf. pozzolanic reaction).
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Prehistory
Human prehistory is the period between the use of the first stone tools 3.3 million years ago by hominins and the invention of writing systems.
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Qajar dynasty
The Qajar dynasty (سلسله قاجار; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; script Qacarlar) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani.
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Quincunx
A quincunx is a geometric pattern consisting of five points arranged in a cross, with four of them forming a square or rectangle and a fifth at its center.
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Radome
A radome (which is a portmanteau of radar and dome) is a structural, weatherproof enclosure that protects a radar antenna.
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Rüstem Pasha Mosque
The Rüstem Pasha Mosque (Rüstem Paşa Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located in the Hasırcılar Çarşısı (Strawmat Weavers Market) in the Tahtakale neighborhood of the Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 14th and early 17th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
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Resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance or resonant behavior, that is, it naturally oscillates at some frequencies, called its resonant frequencies, with greater amplitude than at others.
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Retractable roof
A retractable roof is a roof system designed to roll back the roof on tracks so that the interior of the facility is open to the outdoors.
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Rib vault
The intersection of two to three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault construction.
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Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke FRS (– 3 March 1703) was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath.
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Rococo
Rococo, less commonly roccoco, or "Late Baroque", was an exuberantly decorative 18th-century European style which was the final expression of the baroque movement.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.
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Roof lantern
A roof lantern is a daylighting architectural element.
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Rotunda (architecture)
A rotunda (from Latin rotundus) is any building with a circular ground plan, and sometimes covered by a dome.
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Royal Albert Hall
The Royal Albert Hall is a concert hall on the northern edge of South Kensington, London, which has held the Proms concerts annually each summer since 1941.
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Royal Pavilion
The Royal Pavilion, also known as the Brighton Pavilion, is a Grade I listed former royal residence located in Brighton, England.
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Russian architecture
Russian architecture follows a tradition whose roots were in war Kievan Rus'.
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Safavid dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.
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Saint Isaac's Cathedral
Saint Isaac's Cathedral or Isaakievskiy Sobor (Исаа́киевский Собо́р) in Saint Petersburg, Russia, is the largest Russian Orthodox cathedral (sobor) in the city.
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Samanid Mausoleum
The Samanid mausoleum is located in a park just outside the historic urban center of Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
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San Giorgio Maggiore (church), Venice
San Giorgio Maggiore is a 16th-century Benedictine church on the island of the same name in Venice, northern Italy, designed by Andrea Palladio, and built between 1566 and 1610.
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San Lorenzo, Florence
The Basilica di San Lorenzo (Basilica of St Lawrence) is one of the largest churches of Florence, Italy, situated at the centre of the city’s main market district, and the burial place of all the principal members of the Medici family from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III.
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Santa Croce, Florence
The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church in Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Santo Tomás de las Ollas
The Santo Tomás de las Ollas hermitage is situated in the town with the same name close to Ponferrada, León (Spain).
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Süleymaniye Mosque
The Süleymaniye Mosque (Süleymaniye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque located on the Third Hill of Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sebastiano Serlio
Sebastiano Serlio (6 September 1475 – c. 1554) was an Italian Mannerist architect, who was part of the Italian team building the Palace of Fontainebleau.
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Selimiye Mosque
The Selimiye Mosque (Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque, which is located in the city of Edirne, Turkey.
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Seljuk architecture
Seljuk architecture comprises the building traditions used by the Seljuq dynasty, when it ruled most of the Middle East and Anatolia during the 11th to 13th centuries.
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Seljuk Empire
The Seljuk Empire (also spelled Seljuq) (آل سلجوق) was a medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks.
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Seljuq dynasty
The Seljuq dynasty, or Seljuqs (آل سلجوق Al-e Saljuq), was an Oghuz Turk Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became a Persianate society and contributed to the Turco-Persian tradition in the medieval West and Central Asia.
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Semi-dome
A semi-dome, also called a "half-dome", is the term in architecture for half a dome ("cut" vertically), used to cover a semi-circular area.
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Shah Cheragh
Shāh Chérāgh (شاه چراغ) is a funerary monument and mosque in Shiraz, Iran, housing the tomb of the brothers Ahmad and Muhammad, sons of Mūsā al-Kādhim and brothers of ‘Alī ar-Ridhā.
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Sicily
Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Silesia
Silesia (Śląsk; Slezsko;; Silesian German: Schläsing; Silesian: Ślůnsk; Šlazyńska; Šleska; Silesia) is a region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.
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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Kadırga)
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Sokollu Mehmet Paşa Camii) is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in Kadirga neighborhood of Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.
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Soltan Bakht Agha Mausoleum
The Soltan Bakht Agha mausoleum(آرامگاه سلطان بخت آقا) is a historical mausoleum in Isfahan, Iran.
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Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.
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Southern Italy
Southern Italy or Mezzogiorno (literally "midday") is a macroregion of Italy traditionally encompassing the territories of the former Kingdom of the two Sicilies (all the southern section of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily), with the frequent addition of the island of Sardinia.
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Space frame
In architecture and structural engineering, a space frame or space structure is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern.
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Spandrel
A spandrel, less often spandril or splaundrel, is the space between two arches or between an arch and a rectangular enclosure.
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Sphere
A sphere (from Greek σφαῖρα — sphaira, "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball (viz., analogous to the circular objects in two dimensions, where a "circle" circumscribes its "disk").
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Squinch
A squinch in architecture is a construction filling in the upper angles of a square room so as to form a base to receive an octagonal or spherical dome.
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St Paul's Cathedral
St Paul's Cathedral, London, is an Anglican cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother church of the Diocese of London.
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St. Gereon's Basilica, Cologne
St.
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St. Peter's Basilica
The Papal Basilica of St.
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Statics
Statics is the branch of mechanics that is concerned with the analysis of loads (force and torque, or "moment") acting on physical systems that do not experience an acceleration (a.
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Steeple
A steeple, in architecture, is a tall tower on a building, topped by a spire and often incorporating a belfry and other components.
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Structural analysis
Structural analysis is the determination of the effects of loads on physical structures and their components.
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Structural load
Structural loads or actions are forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to a structure or its components.
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Stupa
A stupa (Sanskrit: "heap") is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (śarīra - typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.
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Suleiman the Magnificent
|spouse.
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Sultan
Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.
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Sultan Ahmed Mosque
The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey.
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Surface of revolution
A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) around an axis of rotation.
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Sustainable architecture
Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space and the ecosystem at large.
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Tabularium
The Tabularium was the official records office of ancient Rome, and also housed the offices of many city officials.
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Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal (meaning "Crown of the Palace") is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra.
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Tambour
In classical architecture, a tambour (Fr.: "drum") is the inverted bell of the Corinthian capital around which are carved acanthus leaves for decoration.
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Türbe
Türbe is the Turkish word for "tomb", and for the characteristic mausoleums, often relatively small, of Ottoman royalty and notables.
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Tensegrity
Tensegrity, tensional integrity or floating compression is a structural principle based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension, in such a way that the compressed members (usually bars or struts) do not touch each other and the prestressed tensioned members (usually cables or tendons) delineate the system spatially.
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Tension (physics)
In physics, tension may be described as the pulling force transmitted axially by the means of a string, cable, chain, or similar one-dimensional continuous object, or by each end of a rod, truss member, or similar three-dimensional object; tension might also be described as the action-reaction pair of forces acting at each end of said elements.
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Tented roof
A tented roof is a type of polygonal hipped roof with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak.
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Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners.
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Thermae
In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός thermos, "hot") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion) were facilities for bathing.
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Thin-shell structure
Thin-shell structures are also called plate and shell structures.
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Tholobate
A tholobate or drum, in architecture, is the upright part of a building on which a dome is raised.
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Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.
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Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms (220–280) was the tripartite division of China between the states of Wei (魏), Shu (蜀), and Wu (吳).
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Thrust
Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's third law.
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Tie (engineering)
A tie, strap, tie rod, eyebar, guy-wire, suspension cables, or wire ropes, are examples of linear structural components designed to resist tension.
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Tomb of Balban
The Tomb of Ghiyas ud din Balban is located in Mehrauli, New Delhi, India.
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Tomb of Safdar Jang
Safdarjung's Tomb is a sandstone and marble mausoleum in New Delhi, India.
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Transept
A transept (with two semitransepts) is a transverse part of any building, which lies across the main body of the edifice.
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Transoxiana
Transoxiana (also spelled Transoxania), known in Arabic sources as (– 'what beyond the river') and in Persian as (فرارود, —'beyond the river'), is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan, and southwest Kazakhstan.
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Treasury of Atreus
The Treasury of Atreus or Tomb of Agamemnon is a large "tholos" tomb on the Panagitsa Hill at Mycenae, Greece, constructed during the Bronze Age around 1250 BC.
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Tumulus
A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.
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Turret
In architecture, a turret (from Italian: torretta, little tower; Latin: turris, tower) is a small tower that projects vertically from the wall of a building such as a medieval castle.
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Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate (ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلأُمَوِيَّة, trans. Al-Khilāfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah), also spelt, was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
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University of Kassel
The University of Kassel (Universität Kassel) is a university founded in 1971 located in Kassel, Hesse, in Germany.
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Vault (architecture)
Vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof.
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Venice
Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
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Vernacular architecture
Vernacular architecture is an architectural style that is designed based on local needs, availability of construction materials and reflecting local traditions.
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Vicenza
Vicenza is a city in northeastern Italy.
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Vicoforte
Vicoforte is a comune in the Province of Cuneo in Italy.
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Villa Capra "La Rotonda"
Villa La Rotonda is a Renaissance villa just outside Vicenza in northern Italy, and designed by Andrea Palladio.
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Vitruvius
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC), commonly known as Vitruvius, was a Roman author, architect, civil engineer and military engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled De architectura.
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Vladimir Shukhov
Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov (Влади́мир Григо́рьевич Шу́хов; – 2 February 1939) was a Russian engineer-polymath, scientist and architect renowned for his pioneering works on new methods of analysis for structural engineering that led to breakthroughs in industrial design of the world's first hyperboloid structures, diagrid shell structures, tensile structures, gridshell structures, oil reservoirs, pipelines, boilers, ships and barges.
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Voussoir
A voussoir is a wedge-shaped element, typically a stone, which is used in building an arch or vault.
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Walther Bauersfeld
Walther Bauersfeld (23 January 1879 – 28 October 1959) was a German engineer.
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Wattle and daub
Wattle and daub is a composite building material used for making walls, in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw.
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Western Roman Empire
In historiography, the Western Roman Empire refers to the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any one time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court, coequal with that administering the eastern half, then referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Western world
The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.
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Whispering gallery
The Whispering Gallery of St Paul's Cathedral A whispering gallery is usually a circular, hemispherical, elliptical or ellipsoidal enclosure, often beneath a dome or a vault, in which whispers can be heard clearly in other parts of the gallery.
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Wigwam
A wigwam, wickiup or wetu is a domed dwelling formerly used by certain Native American and First Nations tribes, and still used for ceremonial purposes.
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Winter garden
A winter garden is a kind of garden maintained in wintertime.
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Wrought iron
puddled iron, a form of wrought iron Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon (less than 0.08%) content in contrast to cast iron (2.1% to 4%).
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Yakhchāl
Yakhchāl (یخچال "ice pit"; yakh meaning "ice" and chāl meaning "pit") is an ancient type of evaporative cooler.
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Yangtze
The Yangtze, which is 6,380 km (3,964 miles) long, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world.
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Redirects here:
Calotte (architecture), Domal, Domes, Handkerchief vault, Sail vault, Sail-vault, Saucer dome.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome
