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198 relations: Acne, Ad Council, Albert Londres, Albert Schweitzer, Amanita muscaria, Amphetamine, Anabolic steroid, Ancient Olympic Games, Ancient Rome, Andrea Pollack, Andrew Jennings, Antidepressant, Appetite, Association football, Association of Tennis Professionals, Athlete, Óscar Pereiro, BALCO scandal, Baseball, Ben Johnson (sprinter), Bernd Pansold, Berserker, Biological passport, Blood, Blood doping, Blood transfusion, Bodybuilding, Bone, Boxing, Caffeine, Calvary, Cancer, Carl Lewis, Chariot racing, Cheating, Chemical synthesis, Chloroform, Cholesterol, Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Clitoris, Cocaine, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Concussions in sport, Coutances, Cycling, Cycling team, Daniela Hunger, David Millar, Deception, Deutsche Welle, ..., Diarrhea, Doping at the Olympic Games, Doping in Russia, Dresden, Drug test, Ephedrine, Epidemic, Epiphysis, Epitestosterone, Equine drug testing, Erythropoietin, European Athletic Association, Evelyn Ashford, Everton F.C., Fausto Coppi, Festina, FIFA, FIFA World Cup, Floyd Landis, Francis Pélissier, Frederick Lorz, Furazabol, Gabon, Gene doping, Gordon Alles, Growth hormone, Hans-Georg Aschenbach, Helsinki, Henri Desgrange, Henri Pélissier, Hepatotoxicity, Herb, High-density lipoprotein, HIV/AIDS, Hurdling, Hypertension, Hypobaric chamber, Illegal drug trade, Ilona Slupianek, International Association of Athletics Federations, International Olympic Committee, International Tennis Federation, Islington, Jay Silvester, Jenapharm, Joe Biden, John Bosley Ziegler, KGB, Knud Enemark Jensen, Kreischa, Lance Armstrong, Laudanum, Le Petit Parisien, Livestrong Foundation, Lorenzo Fertitta, Low-density lipoprotein, Major League Baseball, Marathon, Marco Pantani, Marshall Taylor, Mary Peters (athlete), Mechanical doping, Medicine, Menstrual cycle, Metandienone, Mexico, MMAjunkie.com, Modafinil, National Basketball Association, National Football League, National Football League Players Association, National Hockey League, Netherlands, Nicotinyl alcohol, Nina Kraft, Nitroglycerin, Olympic Games, Opiate, Oprah Winfrey, Oprah Winfrey Network, Osteopathy, Pedestrianism, Penile prosthesis, Performance-enhancing substance, Pharmacology, Physician, Pigeon racing, Police, Pot belge, Prague, Professional golf tours, Puberty, Publicist, Rica Reinisch, Roberto Heras, Routledge, Safety, SC Dynamo Berlin, Sharron Davies, Shot put, Sport, Stanozolol, Stasi, Stem cell doping, Strychnine, SV Dynamo, Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, Sydenham's chorea, Syringe, Technology doping, Testosterone, Testosterone (medication), Thailand, Thomas Hicks (athlete), Tour de France, Transgender people in sports, TVM (cycling team), UEFA, Ultimate Fighting Championship, Union Cycliste Internationale, United Kingdom, United States Anti-Doping Agency, United States District Court for the District of Minnesota, United States Olympic Committee, United States Senate, Urinary catheterization, Urine, Vial, Vienna, VO2 max, Vuelta a España, Wasting, Whitelisting, Whizzinator, Wired (magazine), Witch-hunt, Women's Tennis Association, World Anti-Doping Agency, WWE, 1968 Summer Olympics, 1968 Winter Olympics, 1976 Summer Olympics, 1980 Summer Olympics, 1984 Summer Olympics, 1988 Summer Olympics, 2004 Summer Olympics, 2006 Tour de France, 2014 FIFA World Cup. Expand index (148 more) »
Acne
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.
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Ad Council
The Advertising Council, commonly known as the Ad Council, is an American nonprofit organization that produces, distributes, and promotes public service announcements on behalf of various sponsors, including nonprofit organizations, non-governmental organizations and agencies of the United States government.
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Albert Londres
Albert Londres (1 November 1884 – 16 May 1932) was a French journalist and writer.
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Albert Schweitzer
Albert Schweitzer, OM (14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was a French-German theologian, organist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician.
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Amanita muscaria
Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, is a basidiomycete mushroom, one of many in the genus Amanita.
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Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
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Anabolic steroid
Anabolic steroids, also known more properly as anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS), are steroidal androgens that include natural androgens like testosterone as well as synthetic androgens that are structurally related and have similar effects to testosterone.
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Ancient Olympic Games
The ancient Olympic Games were originally a festival, or celebration of and for Zeus; later, events such as a footrace, a javelin contest, and wrestling matches were added.
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Ancient Rome
In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.
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Andrea Pollack
Andrea Pollack (born 8 May 1961 in Schwerin) is a former butterfly swimmer from East Germany, who won two gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, at age fifteen.
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Andrew Jennings
Andrew Jennings is a British investigative reporter.
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Antidepressant
Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions, including dysthymia, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, neuropathic pain and, in some cases, dysmenorrhoea, snoring, migraine, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), addiction, dependence, and sleep disorders.
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Appetite
Appetite is the desire to eat food, sometimes due to hunger.
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Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.
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Association of Tennis Professionals
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell, Bob Briner, Jack Kramer, and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players.
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Athlete
An athlete (also sportsman or sportswoman) is a person who competes in one or more sports that involve physical strength, speed or endurance.
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Óscar Pereiro
Óscar Pereiro Sío (born August 3, 1977) is a former Spanish professional road bicycle racer.
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BALCO scandal
The BALCO scandal was a scandal involving the use of banned, performance-enhancing substances by professional athletes.
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Baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams who take turns batting and fielding.
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Ben Johnson (sprinter)
Benjamin Sinclair Johnson, (born December 30, 1961) is a Jamaican-born Canadian former sprinter, who won two Olympic bronze medals and an Olympic gold medal, which was later rescinded.
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Bernd Pansold
Bernd Pansold (born 3 April 1942 in Zwickau) is a German doctor and practitioner of sports medicine.
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Berserker
"Berserkers" (or "berserks") were champion Norse warriors who are primarily reported in Icelandic sagas to have fought in a trance-like fury, a characteristic which later gave rise to the English word "berserk." These champions would often go into battle without mail coats.
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Biological passport
An athlete biological passport is an individual, electronic record for professional athletes, in which profiles of biological markers of doping and results of doping tests are collated over a period of time.
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Blood
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
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Blood doping
Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance.
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Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.
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Bodybuilding
Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's musculature.
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Bone
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
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Boxing
Boxing is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other for a predetermined set of time in a boxing ring.
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Caffeine
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.
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Calvary
Calvary, or Golgotha (Biblical Greek Γολγοθᾶ Golgotha, traditionally interpreted as reflecting Syriac (Aramaic) golgolta, as it were Hebrew gulgōleṯ "skull" Strong's Concordance.), was, according to the Gospels, a site immediately outside Jerusalem's walls where Jesus was crucified.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Carl Lewis
Frederick Carlton "Carl" Lewis (born July 1, 1961) is an American former track and field athlete who won nine Olympic gold medals, one Olympic silver medal, and 10 World Championships medals, including eight gold.
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Chariot racing
Chariot racing (harmatodromia, ludi circenses) was one of the most popular ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine sports.
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Cheating
Cheating is the receiving of a reward for ability or finding an easy way out of an unpleasant situation by dishonest means.
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Chemical synthesis
Chemical synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product, or several products.
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Chloroform
Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3.
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.
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Ciba Specialty Chemicals
Ciba was a chemical company based in and near Basel, Switzerland.
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Clitoris
The clitoris is a female sex organ present in mammals, ostriches and a limited number of other animals.
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Cocaine
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
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Combined oral contraceptive pill
The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women.
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Concussions in sport
Concussions, a type of traumatic brain injury, are a frequent concern for those playing sports, from children and teenagers to professional athletes.
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Coutances
Coutances is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
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Cycling
Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport.
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Cycling team
A cycling team is a group of cyclists who join a team or are acquired and train together to compete in bicycle races whether amateur or professional – and the supporting personnel.
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Daniela Hunger
Daniela Hunger (born 20 March 1972 in East Berlin) is a former medley and freestyle swimmer from East Germany, who won two golden medals at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea: in the women's 200 m individual medley, and as a member of the women's 4×100 m freestyle team.
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David Millar
David Millar (born 4 January 1977) is a Scottish former professional road racing cyclist.
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Deception
Deception is the act of propagating a belief that is not true, or is not the whole truth (as in half-truths or omission).
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Deutsche Welle
Deutsche Welle ("German wave" in German) or DW is Germany's public international broadcaster.
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.
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Doping at the Olympic Games
This article is about the history of competitors at the Olympic Games using banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs.
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Doping in Russia
Doping in Russian sports has a systemic nature.
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Dresden
Dresden (Upper and Lower Sorbian: Drježdźany, Drážďany, Drezno) is the capital city and, after Leipzig, the second-largest city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany.
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Drug test
A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, and/or oral fluid/saliva — to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.
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Ephedrine
Ephedrine is a medication and stimulant.
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Epidemic
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less.
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Epiphysis
The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s).
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Epitestosterone
Epitestosterone, or isotestosterone, also known as 17α-testosterone or as androst-4-en-17α-ol-3-one, is an endogenous steroid and an epimer of the androgen sex hormone testosterone.
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Equine drug testing
Equine drug testing is a form of drug testing applied to performance horses in regulated competition.
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Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO), also known as hematopoietin or hemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
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European Athletic Association
The European Athletic Association (more commonly known as European Athletics) is the governing body for athletics in Europe.
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Evelyn Ashford
Evelyn Ashford (born April 15, 1957 in Shreveport, Louisiana) is an American retired track and field athlete, the 1984 Olympic champion in the 100-meter dash.
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Everton F.C.
Everton Football Club is a football club in Liverpool, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football.
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Fausto Coppi
Angelo Fausto Coppi, (15 September 1919 – 2 January 1960), was an Italian cyclist, the dominant international cyclist of the years each side of the Second World War.
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Festina
Festina F16184 Festina is a Spanish watch manufacturer.
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FIFA
The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA; French for "International Federation of Association Football") is an association which describes itself as an international governing body of association football, futsal, and beach soccer.
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FIFA World Cup
The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.
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Floyd Landis
Floyd Landis (born October 14, 1975) is an American former professional road racing cyclist.
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Francis Pélissier
Francis Pélissier (13 June 1894 – 22 February 1959) was a French professional road racing cyclist from Paris.
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Frederick Lorz
Frederick "Fred" Lorz (June 5, 1884 – February 4, 1914) was an American long distance runner who won the 1905 Boston Marathon.
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Furazabol
Furazabol (brand names Frazalon, Miotalon, Qu Zhi Shu), also known as androfurazanol, is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid which has been marketed in Japan since 1969.
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Gabon
Gabon, officially the Gabonese Republic (République gabonaise), is a sovereign state on the west coast of Central Africa.
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Gene doping
Gene doping is the hypothetical non-therapeutic use of gene therapy by athletes in order to improve their performance in those sporting events which prohibit such applications of genetic modification technology, and for reasons other than the treatment of disease.
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Gordon Alles
Gordon A. Alles (November 26, 1901 – January 21, 1963), was an American chemist and pharmacologist who did much research on the isolation and properties of insulin for the treatment of diabetics.
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Growth hormone
Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin (or as human growth hormone in its human form), is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.
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Hans-Georg Aschenbach
Hans-Georg Aschenbach (born 20 October 1951) is an East German former ski jumper.
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Helsinki
Helsinki (or;; Helsingfors) is the capital city and most populous municipality of Finland.
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Henri Desgrange
Henri Desgrange (31 January 1865, Paris – 16 August 1940, Beauvallon) was a French bicycle racer and sports journalist.
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Henri Pélissier
Henri Pélissier (22 January 1889 – 1 May 1935) was a French racing cyclist from Paris and champion of the 1923 Tour de France.
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Hepatotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) implies chemical-driven liver damage.
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Herb
In general use, herbs are plants with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, in medicine, or as fragrances.
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High-density lipoprotein
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the five major groups of lipoproteins.
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HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Hurdling
Hurdling is the act of running and jumping over an obstacle at speed.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hypobaric chamber
A hypobaric chamber, or altitude chamber, is a chamber used during aerospace or high terrestrial altitude research or training to simulate the effects of high altitude on the human body, especially hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypobaria (low ambient air pressure).
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Illegal drug trade
The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs that are subject to drug prohibition laws.
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Ilona Slupianek
Ilona Longo (née Schoknecht, divorced Briesenick and Slupianek; born 24 September 1956) is a German former Shot putter who represented East Germany.
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International Association of Athletics Federations
The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics.
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International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee (IOC; French: Comité International Olympique, CIO) is a Swiss private non-governmental organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, which is the authority responsible for the modern Olympic Games.
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International Tennis Federation
The International Tennis Federation (ITF) is the governing body of world tennis, wheelchair tennis, and beach tennis.
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Islington
Islington is a district in Greater London, England, and part of the London Borough of Islington.
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Jay Silvester
Lawrence Jay Silvester (born August 27, 1937) is a retired American athlete who mainly competed in the discus throw.
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Jenapharm
Jenapharm is a pharmaceutical company from Jena, Germany.
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Joe Biden
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who served as the 47th Vice President of the United States from 2009 to 2017.
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John Bosley Ziegler
John Bosley Ziegler (ca. 1920-1983) — known as John Ziegler and Montana Jack — was the American physician who originally developed the anabolic steroid Methandrostenolone (Dianabol, DBOL) which was released in the USA in 1958 by Ciba.
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KGB
The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.
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Knud Enemark Jensen
Knud Enemark Jensen (30 November 1936 – 26 August 1960) was a Danish cyclist who died while participating in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.
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Kreischa
Kreischa is a municipality in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, Saxony, Germany.
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Lance Armstrong
Lance Edward Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971) is a former American professional road racing cyclist.
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Laudanum
Laudanum is a tincture of opium containing approximately 10% powdered opium by weight (the equivalent of 1% morphine).
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Le Petit Parisien
Le Petit Parisien was a prominent French newspaper during the French Third Republic.
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Livestrong Foundation
The Livestrong Foundation (stylized as LIVESTRONG) is a United States nonprofit organization that provides support for people affected by cancer.
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Lorenzo Fertitta
Lorenzo Joseph Fertitta (born January 3, 1969) is an American entrepreneur, investor, business builder and philanthropist.
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Low-density lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein which transport all fat molecules around the body in the extracellular water.
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Major League Baseball
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.
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Marathon
The marathon is a long-distance race, completed by running, walking, or a run/walk strategy.
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Marco Pantani
Marco Pantani (13 January 1970 – 14 February 2004) was an Italian road racing cyclist, widely considered one of the best climbers of his era in professional road bicycle racing.
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Marshall Taylor
Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor (November 26, 1878 – June 21, 1932) was an American track cyclist who began his amateur career while he was still a teenager in Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Mary Peters (athlete)
Dame Mary Elizabeth Peters, (born 6 July 1939) is a former British athlete, best known as a competitor in the pentathlon and shot put.
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Mechanical doping
Motor doping, or mechanical doping, in competitive cycling terminology, is a method of cheating by using a hidden motor to help propel a racing bicycle.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system (specifically the uterus and ovaries) that makes pregnancy possible.
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Metandienone
Metandienone, also known as methandienone or methandrostenolone and sold under the brand name Dianabol among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is mostly no longer used.
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Mexico
Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.
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MMAjunkie.com
MMAjunkie is a news website that covers the sport of mixed martial arts (MMA).
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Modafinil
Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a medication to treat sleepiness due to narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In OSA continuous positive airway pressure is the preferred treatment. While it has seen off-label use as a purported cognitive enhancer, evidence for any benefit is lacking. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include headache, anxiety, trouble sleeping, and nausea. Serious side effects may include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, abuse, or hallucinations. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. The amount of medication used may need to be adjusted in those with kidney or liver problems. It is not recommended in those with an arrhythmia, significant hypertension, or left ventricular hypertrophy. How it works is not entirely clear. One possibility is that it may affect the areas of the brain involved with the sleep cycle. Modafinil was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998. In the United States it is classified as a schedule IV controlled substance due to concerns about addiction. In the United Kingdom it is a prescription only medication. It is avaliable as a generic medication. In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about £105.21 a month as of 2018. In the United States the wholesale cost per month is about 34.20 USD as of 2018.
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National Basketball Association
The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a men's professional basketball league in North America; composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada).
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National Football League
The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference (NFC) and the American Football Conference (AFC).
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National Football League Players Association
The National Football League Players Association, or NFLPA, is the labor organization representing the professional American football players in the National Football League (NFL).
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National Hockey League
The National Hockey League (NHL; Ligue nationale de hockey—LNH) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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Nicotinyl alcohol
Nicotinyl alcohol (pyridylcarbinol) is a niacin derivative used as a hypolipidemic agent and as a vasodilator.
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Nina Kraft
Nina Kraft (born December 31, 1968) is a German professional triathlete from Braunschweig.
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Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin (NG), also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin (TNG), trinitroglycerine, nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a heavy, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester.
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Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.
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Opiate
Opiate is a term classically used in pharmacology to mean a drug derived from opium.
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Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey (born Orpah Gail Winfrey; January 29, 1954) is an American media proprietor, talk show host, actress, producer, and philanthropist.
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Oprah Winfrey Network
The Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN) is an American pay television channel owned by Harpo Studios and Discovery Inc. It debuted on January 1, 2011, in approximately 80 million homes, replacing the Discovery Health Channel (DHC).
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Osteopathy
Osteopathy is a type of alternative medicine that emphasizes manual readjustments, myofascial release and other physical manipulation of muscle tissue and bones.
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Pedestrianism
Pedestrianism was a 19th-century form of competitive walking, often professional and funded by wagering, from which the modern sport of racewalking developed.
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Penile prosthesis
A penile prosthesis, or penile implant, is a medical device which is surgically implanted within the corpora cavernosa of the penis during a surgical procedure.
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Performance-enhancing substance
Performance-enhancing substances, also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PED), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans.
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Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).
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Physician
A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, or simply doctor is a professional who practises medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.
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Pigeon racing
Pigeon racing is the sport of releasing specially trained racing pigeons, which then return to their homes over a carefully measured distance.
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Police
A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by a state to enforce the law, to protect people and property, and to prevent crime and civil disorder.
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Pot belge
Pot belge (French for "Belgian mix" or "Belgian stew", sometimes translated as Belgian pot) is a mixture of drugs illegally used by cyclists.
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Prague
Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.
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Professional golf tours
Professional golf tours are the means by which otherwise unconnected professional golf tournaments are organised into a regular schedule.
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Puberty
Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.
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Publicist
A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, a brand, or public figure- especially a celebrity- or for a work such as a book, film or album.
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Rica Reinisch
Rica Reinisch (born April 6, 1965 in Seifhennersdorf, Saxony) is a retired swimmer from East Germany.
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Roberto Heras
Roberto Heras Hernández (born 1 February 1974) is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer who won the Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain) a record-tying three times.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Safety
Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf), the condition of being protected from harm or other non-desirable outcomes.
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SC Dynamo Berlin
The Sports Club Dynamo Berlin was an East German sports club that existed from 1954 to 1991.
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Sharron Davies
Sharron Elizabeth Davies, MBE (born 1 November 1962) is an English former competitive swimmer who represented Great Britain in the Olympics and European championships, and competed for England in the Commonwealth Games.
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Shot put
The shot put (pronounced) is a track and field event involving "throwing"/"putting" (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy spherical object—the shot—as far as possible.
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Sport
Sport (British English) or sports (American English) includes all forms of competitive physical activity or games which, through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants, and in some cases, entertainment for spectators.
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Stanozolol
Stanozolol, sold under many brand names, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which was derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
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Stasi
The Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, MfS) or State Security Service (Staatssicherheitsdienst, SSD), commonly known as the Stasi, was the official state security service of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
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Stem cell doping
Stem cell doping is the postulated practice of enhancing athletic performance through various beneficial effects of stem cells injected into the bloodstream or otherwise introduced into the body.
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Strychnine
Strychnine (also or) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents.
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SV Dynamo
The Sportvereinigung Dynamo (Dynamo Sports Association) was the sport organization of the security agencies (Volkspolizei, Ministry for State Security and customs) of former East Germany.
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Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses
The Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses (French: Laboratoire suisse d'analyse du dopage, LAD) is the only anti-doping laboratory in Switzerland.
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Sydenham's chorea
Sydenham's chorea (SC) or chorea minor (historically and traditionally referred to as St Vitus' dance) is a disorder characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements primarily affecting the face, hands and feet.
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Syringe
A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes it's actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel.
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Technology doping
Technology doping is a new term that has been becoming more popular recently in sports.
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Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid.
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Testosterone (medication)
Testosterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.
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Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.
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Thomas Hicks (athlete)
Thomas John Hicks (January 11, 1876 – January 28, 1952) was an American track and field athlete.
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Tour de France
The Tour de France is an annual male multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.
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Transgender people in sports
The participation of transgender or transsexual individuals in competitive sports is a controversial issue.
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TVM (cycling team)
TVM was a Dutch road bicycle racing team.
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UEFA
The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA; Union des Associations Européennes de Football; Vereinigung Europäischer Fußballverbände) is the administrative body for association football in Europe, although several member states are primarily or entirely located in Asia.
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Ultimate Fighting Championship
The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is an American mixed martial arts organization based in Las Vegas, Nevada, that is owned and operated by parent company William Morris Endeavor.
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Union Cycliste Internationale
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI;, International Cycling Union) is the world governing body for sports cycling and oversees international competitive cycling events.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United States Anti-Doping Agency
The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) is a non-profit, non-governmental 501(c)(3) organization and the national anti-doping organization (NADO) for the United States.
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United States District Court for the District of Minnesota
The United States District Court for the District of Minnesota (in case citations, D. Minn.) is the Federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of Minnesota.
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United States Olympic Committee
The United States Olympic Committee (USOC) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States.
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United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.
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Urinary catheterization
In urinary catheterization a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into a patient's bladder via the urethra.
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Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.
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Vial
A vial (also known as a phial or flacon) is a small glass or plastic vessel or bottle, often used to store medication as liquids, powders or capsules.
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Vienna
Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.
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VO2 max
VO2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake, peak oxygen uptake or maximal aerobic capacity) is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise (exercise of increasing intensity).
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Vuelta a España
The Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain) is an annual multi-stage bicycle race primarily held in Spain, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.
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Wasting
In medicine, wasting, also known as wasting syndrome, refers to the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to "waste" away.
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Whitelisting
Whitelisting is the practice of identifying entities that are provided a particular privilege, service, mobility, access or recognition.
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Whizzinator
The Original Whizzinator is a product advertised as a "wet sex simulator" intended to simulate male urination as a safer alternative to using real urine for sexual fetish activity; but most consumers purchase the device to fraudulently defeat drug tests.
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Wired (magazine)
Wired is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics.
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Witch-hunt
A witch-hunt or witch purge is a search for people labelled "witches" or evidence of witchcraft, often involving moral panic or mass hysteria.
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Women's Tennis Association
The Women's Tennis Association (WTA), founded in 1973 by Billie Jean King, is the principal organising body of women's professional tennis.
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World Anti-Doping Agency
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA; Agence mondiale antidopage, AMA) is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against drugs in sports.
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WWE
World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc., d/b/a WWE, is an American integrated media and entertainment company that primarily is known for professional wrestling.
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1968 Summer Olympics
The 1968 Summer Olympics (Spanish: Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968), officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City, Mexico, in October 1968.
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1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1968 in Grenoble, France, and opened on 6 February.
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1976 Summer Olympics
The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad (French: Les XXIes olympiques d'été), was an international multi-sport event in Montreal, Quebec, in 1976, and the first Olympic Games held in Canada.
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1980 Summer Olympics
The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad (r), was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia.
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1984 Summer Olympics
The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles (LA), California, United States.
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1988 Summer Olympics
The 1988 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad (Korean), were an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul, South Korea.
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2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Summer Olympic Games (Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004), officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004, was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home. 10,625 athletes competed, some 600 more than expected, accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries.
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2006 Tour de France
The 2006 Tour de France was the 93rd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours.
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2014 FIFA World Cup
The 2014 FIFA World Cup was the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national football teams organized by FIFA.
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Redirects here:
Anti-doping, Athletic doping, Banned drug, Banned drugs, Doping (Sport), Doping (sport), Doping (sports), Doping ban, Doping in sports, Doping scandal, Doping use, Doping violation, Drug use in sports, Drugs in Sports, Drugs in sport, Out of competition drugs test, Sports doping, Steroid abuse, Steroid scandal, Steroid use in sports, Steroids in Sports, Steroids in sports, Use of performance enhancing drugs in sport, Use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_in_sport
