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307 relations: A History of Soviet Russia, A. J. P. Taylor, A. L. Rowse, Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth University, Adam Smith, Adam Ulam, Adam Zamoyski, Adolf Hitler, Alexander Cadogan, Alexander Herzen, Alexander Nove, Alexander of Greece, Andreas Hillgruber, Appeasement, Arno J. Mayer, Arnold J. Toynbee, Arthur Henderson, Arthur Lehning, Athens, Balkans, Balliol College, Oxford, Baltic states, Barry Rubin, Bayezid I, Béla Kun, Benito Mussolini, Bertram Wolfe, Beryl Williams, Betty Behrens, Bolsheviks, British Army, Carthaginian peace, Central European History, Chatham House, Chiang Kai-shek, Chimen Abramsky, Chinese Communist Revolution, Christopher Hill (historian), Classical realism (international relations), Classics, Cleopatra, Cold War, Collective security, Collectivization in the Soviet Union, Communist International, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Conditions of Peace, Conservative Party (UK), Count, ..., Counterfactual history, Cricket, D. S. Mirsky, David Davies, 1st Baron Davies, David Lloyd George, Dawes Plan, Dekulakization, Determinism, Dialectical materialism, Donald Cameron Watt, Dutch East Indies, Early 1980s recession, Economic history, Edvard Beneš, Edward Bernard Raczyński, Edward Gibbon, Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, Empiricism, Enrico Corradini, Epistemology, Eric Hobsbawm, Eurocommunism, Evil, Federal Foreign Office, Festschrift, First five-year plan, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Frank Roberts (diplomat), Franz Borkenau, Free trade, Free will, French Communist Party, French Revolution, Friedrich Meinecke, Funes the Memorious, Fyodor Dostoevsky, G. M. Trevelyan, Galileo Galilei, Gdańsk, Geneva, Geoff Eley, Geoffrey Dawson, Geoffrey Elton, Geoffrey Malcolm Gathorne-Hardy, George Kitson Clark, George McGovern, George Norman Clark, George Orwell, Georges Clemenceau, Georges Sorel, Georgi Dimitrov, Georgy Chicherin, Gerald Cohen, Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941, Gideon Oliphant-Murray, 2nd Viscount Elibank, Gilbert Murray, Glasnost, Good and evil, Great Depression, Great Leap Forward, Great man theory, Great Purge, Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), Greek People's Liberation Army, Gulag, Gustav Stresemann, Harold Laski, Harrison Salisbury, Herodotus, Histories (Herodotus), Historiography, History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–27), History of the Soviet Union, History Today, Holocaust denial, Holodomor, Home Army, House of Lords, Hugh Seton-Watson, Hugh Trevor-Roper, Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Idealism, Idealism in international relations, Imperial Preference, Information Research Department, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International relations, International relations theory, Isaac Deutscher, Isaiah Berlin, Józef Beck, Joachim von Ribbentrop, John Erickson (historian), John Mearsheimer, Joint State Political Directorate, Jorge Luis Borges, Joseph Chamberlain, Joseph McCarthy, Joseph Needham, Joseph Stalin, Julius Caesar, Karl Mannheim, Karl Marx, Karl Popper, Katyn massacre, Keith Windschuttle, KGB, Kronstadt rebellion, Kulak, Lawrence Dennis, League of Nations, Lebensraum, Left Party (Sweden), Leon Trotsky, Leonard Schapiro, Leopold III of Belgium, Leopold Labedz, Leopold von Ranke, Lewis Namier, Liberal democracy, Liberal Party (UK), Liberum veto, Lionel Kochan, Little Treaty of Versailles, Locarno Treaties, London Review of Books, Magadan, Mao Zedong, Maoism, Marcel Proust, Margaret Thatcher, Mark Antony, Marxism, Maurice Dobb, Max Beloff, Baron Beloff, Max Eastman, Maxim Litvinov, McCarthyism, Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood, Mexican Revolution, Michael Cox (academic), Michael Kaser, Michael Oakeshott, Mikhail Bakunin, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union), Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Morning Star (British newspaper), Moshe Lewin, Munich Agreement, Napoleon, National Liberation Front (Greece), Nationalism and After, Neville Chamberlain, New Economic Policy, New Left, New Left Review, Niccolò Machiavelli, Nicholas II of Russia, Nikolai Bukharin, Nineteen Eighty-Four, NKVD, Norman Angell, Norman Stone, Occupation of the Ruhr, October Revolution, Oder, Oliver Cromwell, Operation Barbarossa, Order of the British Empire, Orwell's list, Otto von Bismarck, Outer Mongolia, Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Peloponnesian War, Perestroika, Phoney War, Pieter Geyl, Polish Committee of National Liberation, Polish government-in-exile, Politburo, Political history, Popular front, Profintern, Pyotr Stolypin, Pyotr Wrangel, R. G. Collingwood, R. W. Davies, Realpolitik, Reason, Rebecca West, Red Army, Reign of Terror, Reinhold Niebuhr, Remilitarization of the Rhineland, Repression in the Soviet Union, Richard J. Evans, Richard Pipes, Riga, Robert Barrington-Ward, Robert C. Tucker, Robert Conquest, Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart, Robert William Seton-Watson, Roger Morgan, Ronald Grigor Suny, Rubicon, Ruhr, Russian Civil War, Russian Constituent Assembly, Russian famine of 1921–22, Saint Petersburg, Samuel Eliot Morison, Second Triumvirate, Self-determination, Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act, Social history, Social science, Socialism in One Country, Soviet Union, Spanish Civil War, Stephen F. Cohen, Stephen Roskill, Structuralism, Suez Crisis, Tamara Deutscher, Tariff, The arts, The Christian Science Monitor, The Fortnightly Review, The Origins of the Second World War, The Times, The Twenty Years' Crisis, Third World, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Jones (civil servant), Thucydides, Tito–Stalin Split, Totalitarianism, Treaty of Versailles, Trinity College, Cambridge, Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau, University of Birmingham, University of Cambridge, Vietnam War, Vladimir Lenin, W. H. Walsh, Walter Laqueur, War communism, What Is History?, Winston Churchill, Woodrow Wilson, World Policy Journal, World War I reparations, Young Plan, 1905 Russian Revolution, 1973 oil crisis, 1979 energy crisis. Expand index (257 more) »
A History of Soviet Russia
A History of Soviet Russia is a 14-volume work by Edward Hallett Carr, covering the first twelve years of the history of the Soviet Union.
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A. J. P. Taylor
Alan John Percivale Taylor (25 March 1906 – 7 September 1990) was an English historian who specialised in 19th- and 20th-century European diplomacy.
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A. L. Rowse
Alfred Leslie Rowse (4 December 1903 – 3 October 1997) was a British author and historian from Cornwall.
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Aberystwyth
Aberystwyth (Mouth of the Ystwyth) is a historic market town, administrative centre, and holiday resort within Ceredigion, West Wales, often colloquially known as Aber.
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Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales.
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Adam Smith
Adam Smith (16 June 1723 NS (5 June 1723 OS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.
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Adam Ulam
Adam Bruno Ulam (8 April 1922 – 28 March 2000) was a Polish-American historian of Jewish descent and political scientist at Harvard University.
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Adam Zamoyski
Adam Zamoyski is an American-born British historian author.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
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Alexander Cadogan
Sir Alexander Montagu George Cadogan (25 November 1884 – 9 July 1968) was a British diplomat and civil servant.
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Alexander Herzen
Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (also Aleksandr Ivanovič Gercen, Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ге́рцен) was a Russian writer and thinker known as the "father of Russian socialism" and one of the main fathers of agrarian populism (being an ideological ancestor of the Narodniki, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Trudoviks and the agrarian American Populist Party).
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Alexander Nove
Alexander Nove, FRSE, FBA (born Aleksandr Yakovlevich Novakovsky; Алекса́ндр Я́ковлевич Новако́вский; also published under Alec Nove; 24 November 1915 – 15 May 1994) was a Professor of Economics at the University of Glasgow and a noted authority on Russian and Soviet economic history.
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Alexander of Greece
Alexander (Αλέξανδρος, Aléxandros; 1 August 189325 October 1920) was King of Greece from 11 June 1917 until his death three years later, at the age of 27, from the effects of a monkey bite.
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Andreas Hillgruber
Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian.
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Appeasement
Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.
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Arno J. Mayer
Arno Joseph Mayer (born June 19, 1926) is a Luxembourg-born American historian who specializes in modern Europe, diplomatic history, and the Holocaust, and is currently Dayton-Stockton Professor of History, Emeritus, at Princeton University.
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Arnold J. Toynbee
Arnold Joseph Toynbee (14 April 1889 – 22 October 1975) was a British historian, philosopher of history, research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and the University of London and author of numerous books.
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Arthur Henderson
Arthur Henderson (13 September 1863 – 20 October 1935) was a British iron moulder and Labour politician.
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Arthur Lehning
Paul Arthur Müller-Lehning (23 October 1899 in Utrecht – 1 January 2000 in Lys-Saint-Georges) was a Dutch author, historian and anarchist.
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Athens
Athens (Αθήνα, Athína; Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece.
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Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
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Balliol College, Oxford
Balliol College, founded in 1263,: Graduate Studies Prospectus - Last updated 17 Sep 08 is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England.
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Baltic states
The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Baltijas valstis, Baltijos valstybės), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign countries in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
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Barry Rubin
Barry M. Rubin (28 January 1950 – February 3, 2014) was an American-born Israeli writer and academic on terrorism and Middle Eastern affairs.
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Bayezid I
Bayezid I (بايزيد اول; I. (nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman Turkish: یلدیرم), "Lightning, Thunderbolt"); 1360 – 8 March 1403) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1389 to 1402.
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Béla Kun
Béla Kun (20 February 1886 – 29 August 1938), born Béla Kohn, was a Hungarian Communist revolutionary and politician who was the de facto leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919.
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Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF).
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Bertram Wolfe
Bertram David "Bert" Wolfe (January 19, 1896 – February 21, 1977) was an American scholar and former communist best known for biographical studies of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Leon Trotsky, and Diego Rivera.
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Beryl Williams
Dr.
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Betty Behrens
Catherine Betty Abigail Behrens (24 April 1904 – 1989), known as Betty Behrens and published as C. B. A. Behrens, was a British historian and academic.
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Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
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British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces.
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Carthaginian peace
A Carthaginian peace is the imposition of a very brutal "peace" achieved by completely crushing the enemy.
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Central European History
Central European History is a peer-reviewed academic journal on history published quarterly by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Conference Group for Central European History of the American Historical Association.
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Chatham House
The Royal Institute of International Affairs, commonly known as Chatham House, is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation based in London whose mission is to analyse and promote the understanding of major international issues and current affairs.
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Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih or Jiang Jieshi and known as Chiang Chungcheng, was a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in exile in Taiwan.
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Chimen Abramsky
Chimen Abramsky (September 12, 1916 – March 14, 2010) was emeritus professor of Jewish studies at University College London.
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Chinese Communist Revolution
The Chinese Communist Revolution started from 1946, after the end of Second Sino-Japanese War, and was the second part of the Chinese Civil War.
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Christopher Hill (historian)
John Edward Christopher Hill (6 February 1912 – 23 February 2003) was an English Marxist historian and academic, specialising in 17th-century English history.
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Classical realism (international relations)
Classical realism is a theory of international relations established in the post-World War II era that seeks to explain international politics as a result of human nature.
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Classics
Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity.
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Cleopatra
Cleopatra VII Philopator (Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ Cleopatra Philopator; 69 – August 10 or 12, 30 BC)Theodore Cressy Skeat, in, uses historical data to calculate the death of Cleopatra as having occurred on 12 August 30 BC.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Collective security
Collective security can be understood as a security arrangement, political, regional, or global, in which each state in the system accepts that the security of one is the concern of all, and therefore commits to a collective response to threats to, and breaches to peace.
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Collectivization in the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union enforced the collectivization (Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 (in West - between 1948 and 1952) during the ascendancy of Joseph Stalin.
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Communist International
The Communist International (Comintern), known also as the Third International (1919–1943), was an international communist organization that advocated world communism.
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Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.
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Conditions of Peace
Conditions of Peace is a book written by Edward Hallett Carr.
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Conservative Party (UK)
The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom.
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Count
Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility.
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Counterfactual history
Counterfactual history, also sometimes referred to as virtual history, is a form of historiography that attempts to answer "what if" questions known as counterfactuals.
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Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players each on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular pitch with a target at each end called the wicket (a set of three wooden stumps upon which two bails sit).
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D. S. Mirsky
D.
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David Davies, 1st Baron Davies
David Davies, 1st Baron Davies (11 May 1880 – 16 June 1944), was a Welsh Liberal politician and public benefactor, the grandson of the industrialist, David Davies "Llandinam".
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David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British statesman of the Liberal Party and the final Liberal to serve as Prime Minister.
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Dawes Plan
The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was an initial plan in 1924 to resolve the World War I reparations that Germany had to pay, which had strained diplomacy following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles.
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Dekulakization
Dekulakization (раскулачивание, raskulachivanie; розкуркулення, rozkurkulennia) was the Soviet campaign of political repressions, including arrests, deportations, and executions of millions of wealthy peasants and their families in the 1929–1932 period of the First five-year plan.
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Determinism
Determinism is the philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes.
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Dialectical materialism
Dialectical materialism (sometimes abbreviated diamat) is a philosophy of science and nature developed in Europe and based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
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Donald Cameron Watt
Donald Cameron Watt (17 May 1928 – 30 October 2014) was a British historian.
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Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.
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Early 1980s recession
The early 1980s recession was a severe global economic recession that affected much of the developed world in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
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Economic history
Economic history is the study of economies or economic phenomena of the past.
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Edvard Beneš
Edvard Beneš, sometimes anglicised to Edward Benesh (28 May 1884 – 3 September 1948), was a Czech politician and statesman who was President of Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1938 and again from 1945 to 1948.
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Edward Bernard Raczyński
Count Edward Bernard Raczyński (December 19, 1891 – July 30, 1993) was a Polish diplomat, writer, politician and President of Poland in exile (between 1979 and 1986).
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Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon FRS (8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English historian, writer and Member of Parliament.
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Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, (16 April 1881 – 23 December 1959), styled Lord Irwin from 1925 until 1934 and Viscount Halifax from 1934 until 1944, was one of the most senior British Conservative politicians of the 1930s.
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Empiricism
In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.
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Enrico Corradini
Enrico Corradini (20 July 1865 – 10 December 1931) was an Italian novelist, essayist, journalist and nationalist political figure.
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Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
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Eric Hobsbawm
Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm (9 June 1917 – 1 October 2012) was a British historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism and nationalism.
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Eurocommunism
Eurocommunism (adherents sometimes referred to as Gramscians) was a revisionist trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties.
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Evil
Evil, in a colloquial sense, is the opposite of good, the word being an efficient substitute for the more precise but religion-associated word "wickedness." As defined in philosophy it is the name for the psychology and instinct of individuals which selfishly but often necessarily defends the personal boundary against deadly attacks and serious threats.
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Federal Foreign Office
The Federal Foreign Office (German), abbreviated AA, is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal agency responsible for both the country's foreign policy and its relationship with the European Union.
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Festschrift
In academia, a Festschrift (plural, Festschriften) is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during their lifetime.
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First five-year plan
The first five-year plan (I пятилетний план, первая пятилетка) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a list of economic goals, created by General Secretary Joseph Stalin and based on his policy of Socialism in One Country.
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Foreign and Commonwealth Office
The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), commonly called the Foreign Office, is a department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
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Frank Roberts (diplomat)
Sir Frank Kenyon Roberts (27 October 1907 – 7 January 1998) was a British diplomat.
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Franz Borkenau
Franz Borkenau (December 15, 1900 – May 22, 1957) was an Austrian writer and publicist.
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Free trade
Free trade is a free market policy followed by some international markets in which countries' governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.
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Free will
Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.
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French Communist Party
The French Communist Party (Parti communiste français, PCF) is a communist party in France.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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Friedrich Meinecke
Friedrich Meinecke (October 20, 1862 – February 6, 1954) was a German historian, with Liberal and anti-semitic views.
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Funes the Memorious
"Funes the Memorious"—original Spanish title "Funes el memorioso"—is a fantasy short story by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986).
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Fyodor Dostoevsky
Fyodor Mikhailovich DostoevskyHis name has been variously transcribed into English, his first name sometimes being rendered as Theodore or Fedor.
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G. M. Trevelyan
George Macaulay Trevelyan, (16 February 1876 – 21 July 1962), was a British historian and academic.
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564Drake (1978, p. 1). The date of Galileo's birth is given according to the Julian calendar, which was then in force throughout Christendom. In 1582 it was replaced in Italy and several other Catholic countries with the Gregorian calendar. Unless otherwise indicated, dates in this article are given according to the Gregorian calendar. – 8 January 1642) was an Italian polymath.
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Gdańsk
Gdańsk (Danzig) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast.
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Geneva
Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.
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Geoff Eley
Geoffrey Howard Eley (born 4 May 1949) is a British-born historian of Germany.
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Geoffrey Dawson
George Geoffrey Dawson (25 October 1874 – 7 November 1944) was editor of The Times from 1912 to 1919 and again from 1923 until 1941.
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Geoffrey Elton
Sir Geoffrey Rudolph Elton (born Gottfried Rudolf Otto Ehrenberg; 17 August 1921 – 4 December 1994) was a German-born British political and constitutional historian, specialising in the Tudor period.
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Geoffrey Malcolm Gathorne-Hardy
Geoffrey Malcolm Gathorne-Hardy, who wrote as G. M. Gathorne-Hardy (28 January 1878 - 7 January 1972) was an English soldier, writer and Norse specialist.
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George Kitson Clark
George Sidney Roberts Kitson Clark (1900–1975) was an English historian, specialising in the nineteenth century.
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George McGovern
George Stanley McGovern (July 19, 1922 – October 21, 2012) was an American historian, author, U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and the Democratic Party presidential nominee in the 1972 presidential election.
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George Norman Clark
Sir George Norman Clark, FBA (27 February 1890 – 6 February 1979) was an English historian, academic and British Army officer.
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George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic whose work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism and outspoken support of democratic socialism.
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Georges Clemenceau
Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French politician, physician, and journalist who was Prime Minister of France during the First World War.
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Georges Sorel
Georges Eugène Sorel (2 November 1847 – 29 August 1922) was a French philosopher and theorist of Sorelianism.
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Georgi Dimitrov
Georgi Dimitrov Mikhaylov (Гео̀рги Димитро̀в Миха̀йлов), also known as Georgi Mikhaylovich Dimitrov (Гео́ргий Миха́йлович Дими́тров; 18 June 1882 – 2 July 1949), was a Bulgarian communist politician.
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Georgy Chicherin
Georgy Vasilyevich Chicherin (24 November 1872– 7 July 1936) was a Marxist revolutionary and a Soviet politician.
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Gerald Cohen
Gerald Allan "Jerry" Cohen, FBA (14 April 1941 – 5 August 2009) was a Marxist political philosopher who held the positions of Quain Professor of Jurisprudence, University College London and Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory, All Souls College, Oxford.
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Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941
German–Soviet Union relations date to the aftermath of the First World War.
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Gideon Oliphant-Murray, 2nd Viscount Elibank
Gideon Oliphant-Murray, 2nd Viscount Elibank (7 August 1877 – 12 March 1951) was a Scottish colonial administrator, politician and nobleman.
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Gilbert Murray
George Gilbert Aimé Murray, (2 January 1866 – 20 May 1957) was an Australian-born British classical scholar and public intellectual, with connections in many spheres.
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Glasnost
In the Russian language the word glasnost (гла́сность) has several general and specific meanings.
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Good and evil
In religion, ethics, philosophy, and psychology "good and evil" is a very common dichotomy.
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Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.
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Great Leap Forward
The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1958 to 1962.
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Great man theory
The great man theory is a 19th-century idea according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of great men, or heroes; highly influential individuals who, due to either their personal charisma, intelligence, wisdom, or political skill used their power in a way that had a decisive historical impact.
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Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (Большо́й терро́р) was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938.
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Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
The Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 was fought between Greece and the Turkish National Movement during the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire after World War I between May 1919 and October 1922.
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Greek People's Liberation Army
The Greek People's Liberation Army or ELAS (Ελληνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός (ΕΛΑΣ), Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós), often mistakenly called the National People's Liberation Army (Εθνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός, Ethnikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós), was the military arm of the left-wing National Liberation Front (EAM) during the period of the Greek Resistance until February 1945, then during the Greek Civil War.
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Gulag
The Gulag (ГУЛАГ, acronym of Главное управление лагерей и мест заключения, "Main Camps' Administration" or "Chief Administration of Camps") was the government agency in charge of the Soviet forced labor camp system that was created under Vladimir Lenin and reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the 1950s.
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Gustav Stresemann
(10 May 1878 – 3 October 1929) was a German statesman who served as Chancellor in 1923 (for a brief period of 102 days) and Foreign Minister 1923–1929, during the Weimar Republic.
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Harold Laski
Harold Joseph Laski (30 June 1893 – 24 March 1950) was a British political theorist, economist, author, and lecturer.
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Harrison Salisbury
Harrison Evans Salisbury (November 14, 1908 – July 5, 1993), was an American journalist and the first regular New York Times correspondent in Moscow after World War II.
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Herodotus
Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος, Hêródotos) was a Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the fifth century BC (484– 425 BC), a contemporary of Thucydides, Socrates, and Euripides.
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Histories (Herodotus)
The Histories (Ἱστορίαι;; also known as The History) of Herodotus is considered the founding work of history in Western literature.
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Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
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History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–27)
The history of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world.
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History of the Soviet Union
The "History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union" reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world.
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History Today
History Today is an illustrated history magazine.
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Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial is the act of denying the genocide of Jews in the Holocaust during World War II.
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Holodomor
The Holodomor (Голодомо́р); (derived from морити голодом, "to kill by starvation"), also known as the Terror-Famine and Famine-Genocide in Ukraine, and—before the widespread use of the term "Holodomor", and sometimes currently—also referred to as the Great Famine, and The Ukrainian Genocide of 1932–33—was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine in 1932 and 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians that was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932–33, which affected the major grain-producing areas of the country.
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Home Army
The Home Army (Armia Krajowa;, abbreviated AK) was the dominant Polish resistance movement in Poland, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, during World War II.
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House of Lords
The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Hugh Seton-Watson
George Hugh Nicholas Seton-Watson CBE, FBA (15 February 1916 – 19 December 1984) was a British historian and political scientist specialising in Russia.
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Hugh Trevor-Roper
Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, (15 January 1914 – 26 January 2003), was a British historian of early modern Britain and Nazi Germany.
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Hungarian Revolution of 1956
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956, or Hungarian Uprising of 1956 (1956-os forradalom or 1956-os felkelés), was a nationwide revolt against the Marxist-Leninist government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956.
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Idealism
In philosophy, idealism is the group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality, or reality as humans can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial.
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Idealism in international relations
Idealism in foreign policy holds that a state should make its internal political philosophy the goal of its foreign policy.
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Imperial Preference
Imperial Preference was a proposed system of reciprocally-enacted tariffs or free trade agreements between the dominions and colonies of the British Empire.
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Information Research Department
The Information Research Department, founded in 1948 by Christopher Mayhew MP, was a department of the British Foreign Office set up to counter Soviet propaganda and infiltration, particularly amongst the western labour movement.
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International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 17 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.
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International relations
International relations (IR) or international affairs (IA) — commonly also referred to as international studies (IS) or global studies (GS) — is the study of interconnectedness of politics, economics and law on a global level.
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International relations theory
International relations theory is the study of international relations (IR) from a theoretical perspective.
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Isaac Deutscher
Isaac Deutscher (3 April 1907 – 19 August 1967) was a Polish writer, journalist and political activist who moved to the United Kingdom at the outbreak of World War II.
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Isaiah Berlin
Sir Isaiah Berlin (6 June 1909 – 5 November 1997) was a Russian-British social and political theorist, philosopher and historian of ideas.
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Józef Beck
Józef Beck (4 October 1894 – 5 June 1944) was a Polish statesman who served the Second Republic of Poland as a diplomat and military officer, and was a close associate of Józef Piłsudski.
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Joachim von Ribbentrop
Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946), more commonly known as Joachim von Ribbentrop, was Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945.
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John Erickson (historian)
John Erickson FRSE FBA FRSA (17 April 1929 in South Shields – 10 February 2002 in Edinburgh) was a British historian and defence expert who wrote extensively on the Second World War. His two best-known books – The Road to Stalingrad and The Road to Berlin – dealt with the Soviet response to the German invasion of the Soviet Union, covering the period from 1941 to 1945. He was respected for his knowledge of Russia during the Cold War. His Russian language skills and knowledge gained him respect.
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John Mearsheimer
John Joseph Mearsheimer (born December 14, 1947) is an American political scientist.
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Joint State Political Directorate
The Joint State Political Directorate (also translated as the All-Union State Political Administration and Unified State Political Directorate) was the secret police of the Soviet Union from 1923 to 1934.
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Jorge Luis Borges
Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, and a key figure in Spanish-language literature.
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Joseph Chamberlain
Joseph Chamberlain (8 July 1836 – 2 July 1914) was a British statesman who was first a radical Liberal, then, after opposing home rule for Ireland, a Liberal Unionist, and eventually served as a leading imperialist in coalition with the Conservatives.
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Joseph McCarthy
Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957.
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Joseph Needham
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.
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Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), known by his cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
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Karl Mannheim
Karl Mannheim (March 27, 1893 – January 9, 1947), or Károly Manheim in the original spelling, was a Hungarian-born sociologist, influential in the first half of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of classical sociology as well as a founder of the sociology of knowledge.
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Karl Marx
Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.
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Karl Popper
Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher and professor.
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Katyn massacre
The Katyn massacre (zbrodnia katyńska, "Katyń massacre" or "Katyn crime"; Катынская резня or Катынский расстрел Katynskij reznya, "Katyn massacre") was a series of mass executions of Polish intelligentsia carried out by the NKVD ("People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs", the Soviet secret police) in April and May 1940.
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Keith Windschuttle
Keith Windschuttle (born 1942) is an Australian writer, historian, and former ABC board member.
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KGB
The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.
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Kronstadt rebellion
The Kronstadt rebellion (Kronshtadtskoye vosstaniye) involved a major unsuccessful uprising against the Bolsheviks in March 1921, during the later years of the Russian Civil War.
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Kulak
The kulaks (a, plural кулаки́, p, "fist", by extension "tight-fisted"; kurkuli in Ukraine, but also used in Russian texts in Ukrainian contexts) were a category of affluent peasants in the later Russian Empire, Soviet Russia and the early Soviet Union.
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Lawrence Dennis
Lawrence Dennis (December 25, 1893 – August 20, 1977) was an American diplomat, consultant and author.
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League of Nations
The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
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Lebensraum
The German concept of Lebensraum ("living space") comprises policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s.
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Left Party (Sweden)
The Left Party (Vänsterpartiet, V) is a socialist and feminist political party in Sweden.
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Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky (born Lev Davidovich Bronstein; – 21 August 1940) was a Russian revolutionary, theorist, and Soviet politician.
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Leonard Schapiro
Leonard Bertram Naman Schapiro CBE (22 April 1908 in Glasgow – 2 November 1983 in London) was a British academic and scholar of Russian politics.
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Leopold III of Belgium
Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) reigned as the fourth King of the Belgians from 1934 until 1951, when he abdicated in favour of the heir apparent, his son Baudouin.
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Leopold Labedz
Leopold Łabędź (22 January 1920 – 22 March 1993) was an anti-communist Anglo-Polish commentator on the Soviet Union.
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Leopold von Ranke
Leopold von Ranke (21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history.
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Lewis Namier
Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier (27 June 1888 – 19 August 1960) was a British historian of Polish-Jewish background.
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Liberal democracy
Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism.
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Liberal Party (UK)
The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom – with the opposing Conservative Party – in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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Liberum veto
The liberum veto (Latin for "free veto") was a parliamentary device in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Lionel Kochan
Lionel Edmond Kochan (20 August 1922 – 25 September 2005) was a British historian, journalist and publisher.
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Little Treaty of Versailles
Little Treaty of Versailles or the Polish Minority Treaty was one of the bilateral Minority Treaties signed between minor powers and the League of Nations in the aftermath of the First World War.
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Locarno Treaties
The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland, on 5–16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on 1 December, in which the First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of Central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war territorial settlement, and return normalizing relations with defeated Germany (the Weimar Republic).
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London Review of Books
The London Review of Books (LRB) is a British journal of literary essays.
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Magadan
Magadan (p) is a port town and the administrative center of Magadan Oblast, Russia, located on the Sea of Okhotsk in Nagayev Bay (within Taui Bay) and serving as a gateway to the Kolyma region.
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Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893September 9, 1976), commonly known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
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Maoism
Maoism, known in China as Mao Zedong Thought, is a political theory derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong, whose followers are known as Maoists.
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Marcel Proust
Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922), known as Marcel Proust, was a French novelist, critic, and essayist best known for his monumental novel À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time; earlier rendered as Remembrance of Things Past), published in seven parts between 1913 and 1927.
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Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.
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Mark Antony
Marcus Antonius (Latin:; 14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony or Marc Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from an oligarchy into the autocratic Roman Empire.
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Marxism
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.
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Maurice Dobb
Maurice Herbert Dobb (24 July 1900 – 17 August 1976) was a British economist at Cambridge University and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
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Max Beloff, Baron Beloff
Max Beloff, Baron Beloff, FBA, FRHistS, FRSA (2 July 1913 – 22 March 1999) was a British historian and Conservative peer.
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Max Eastman
Max Forrester Eastman (January 4, 1883 – March 25, 1969) was an American writer on literature, philosophy and society, a poet and a prominent political activist.
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Maxim Litvinov
Maxim Maximovich Litvinov,; born Meir Henoch Wallach-Finkelstein (17 July 1876 – 31 December 1951) was an ethnic Jewish Russian revolutionary and prominent Soviet Bolshevik Politician.
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McCarthyism
McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.
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Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Merchant Taylors' School (MTS) is a British independent private day school for boys.
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Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana) was a major armed struggle,, that radically transformed Mexican culture and government.
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Michael Cox (academic)
Michael E. Cox (born 1947) is a British academic and international relations scholar.
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Michael Kaser
Michael Kaser (born in London in 1926) is a British economist who specialises on Central and Eastern Europe and the USSR and its successor states.
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Michael Oakeshott
Michael Joseph Oakeshott FBA (11 December 1901 – 19 December 1990) was an English philosopher and political theorist who wrote about philosophy of history, philosophy of religion, aesthetics, philosophy of education, and philosophy of law.
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Mikhail Bakunin
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (– 1 July 1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist and founder of collectivist anarchism.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of External Relations (MER) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Министерство иностранных дел СССР), formed on 16 July 1923, was one of the most important government offices in the Soviet Union.
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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.
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Morning Star (British newspaper)
Morning Star is a left-wing British daily tabloid newspaper with a focus on social, political and trade union issues.
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Moshe Lewin
Moshe "Misha" Lewin, pronounced "Luh-VENE" (7 November 1921 – 14 August 2010), was a scholar of Russian and Soviet history.
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Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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National Liberation Front (Greece)
The National Liberation Front or EAM (Εθνικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο (ΕΑΜ), Ethniko Apeleftherotiko Metopo) was the main movement of the Greek Resistance during the Axis occupation of Greece.
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Nationalism and After
Nationalism and After is a 1945 work by E.H. Carr.
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Neville Chamberlain
Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940.
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New Economic Policy
The New Economic Policy (NEP, Russian новая экономическая политика, НЭП) was an economic policy of Soviet Russia proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient.
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New Left
The New Left was a broad political movement mainly in the 1960s and 1970s consisting of activists in the Western world who campaigned for a broad range of social issues such as civil and political rights, feminism, gay rights, abortion rights, gender roles and drug policy reforms.
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New Left Review
The New Left Review is a bimonthly political academic journal covering world politics, economy, and culture which was established in 1960.
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Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer of the Renaissance period.
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Nicholas II of Russia
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (r; 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas II of Russia in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917.
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Nikolai Bukharin
Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (– 15 March 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician and prolific author on revolutionary theory.
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Nineteen Eighty-Four
Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.
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NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
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Norman Angell
Sir Ralph Norman Angell (26 December 1872 – 7 October 1967) was an English lecturer, journalist, author, and Member of Parliament for the Labour Party.
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Norman Stone
Norman Stone (born 8 March 1941) is a Scottish historian and author.
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Occupation of the Ruhr
The Occupation of the Ruhr (Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to meet its second reparation payment of the £6.6 billion that was dictated in the Treaty of Versailles by the Triple Entente(1919) in the aftermath of World War I.
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October Revolution
The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Oder
The Oder (Czech, Lower Sorbian and Odra, Oder, Upper Sorbian: Wódra) is a river in Central Europe.
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Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English military and political leader.
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Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
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Order of the British Empire
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the Civil service.
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Orwell's list
In 1949, shortly before he died, the English author George Orwell prepared a list of notable writers and other persons he considered to be unsuitable as possible writers for the anti-communist counter-propaganda activities of the United Kingdom's Information Research Department.
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Otto von Bismarck
Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890 and was the first Chancellor of the German Empire between 1871 and 1890.
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Outer Mongolia
Outer Mongolia (Mongolian script: or ， Mongolian Cyrillic: or, romanization: Gadaad Mongol or Alr Mongol)Huhbator Borjigin.
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Paris Peace Conference, 1919
The Paris Peace Conference, also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.
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Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
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Perestroika
Perestroika (a) was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s until 1991 and is widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform.
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Phoney War
The Phoney War (Drôle de guerre; Sitzkrieg) was an eight-month period at the start of World War II, during which there was only one limited military land operation on the Western Front, when French troops invaded Germany's Saar district.
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Pieter Geyl
Pieter Catharinus Arie Geyl (15 December 1887, Dordrecht – 31 December 1966, Utrecht) was a Dutch historian, well known for his studies in early modern Dutch history and in historiography.
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Polish Committee of National Liberation
The Polish Committee of National Liberation (Polish: Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN), also known as the Lublin Committee, was a puppet provisional government of Poland,.
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Polish government-in-exile
The Polish government-in-exile, formally known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile (Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic.
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Politburo
A politburo or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties.
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Political history
Political history is the narrative and analysis of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders.
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Popular front
A popular front is a broad coalition of different political groupings, usually made up of leftists and centrists.
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Profintern
The Red International of Labor Unions (RILU) (Russian: Красный интернационал профсоюзов — Krasnyi internatsional profsoyuzov), commonly known as the Profintern, was an international body established by the Communist International with the aim of coordinating Communist activities within trade unions.
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Pyotr Stolypin
Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin (p; –) was the 3rd Prime Minister of Russia, and Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire from 1906 to 1911.
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Pyotr Wrangel
Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, also Vrangel; Freiherr Peter von Wrangel; (August 27, 1878 April 25, 1928) was a Russian officer in the Imperial Russian Army and later commanding general of the anti-Bolshevik White Army in Southern Russia in the later stages of the Russian Civil War.
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R. G. Collingwood
Robin George Collingwood, FBA (22 February 1889 – 9 January 1943), was an English philosopher, historian and archaeologist.
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R. W. Davies
Robert William "Bob" Davies, best known as R. W. Davies, (born 23 April 1925) is professor emeritus of Soviet Economic Studies, University of Birmingham.
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Realpolitik
Realpolitik (from real; "realistic", "practical", or "actual"; and Politik; "politics") is politics or diplomacy based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors, rather than explicit ideological notions or moral and ethical premises.
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Reason
Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information.
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Rebecca West
Dame Cicely Isabel Fairfield DBE (21 December 1892 – 15 March 1983), known as Rebecca West, or Dame Rebecca West, was a British author, journalist, literary critic and travel writer.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror, or The Terror (la Terreur), is the label given by some historians to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established.
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Reinhold Niebuhr
Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (June 21, 1892June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years.
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Remilitarization of the Rhineland
The Remilitarization of the Rhineland by the German Army took place on 7 March 1936 when German military forces entered the Rhineland.
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Repression in the Soviet Union
There were many forms of repression in the Soviet Union carried out by the Soviet government and the ruling Communist Party.
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Richard J. Evans
Sir Richard John Evans (born 29 September 1947), is a British historian of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Europe with a focus on Germany.
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Richard Pipes
Richard Edgar Pipes (Ryszard Pipes; July 11, 1923 – May 17, 2018) was a Polish American academic who specialized in Russian history, particularly with respect to the Soviet Union, who espoused a strong anti-communist point of view throughout his career.
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Riga
Riga (Rīga) is the capital and largest city of Latvia.
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Robert Barrington-Ward
Robert McGowan Barrington-Ward DSO MC (23 February 1891 – 29 February 1948) was an English barrister and journalist who was editor of The Times from 1941 until 1948.
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Robert C. Tucker
Robert Charles Tucker (May 29, 1918 – July 29, 2010) was an American political scientist and historian.
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Robert Conquest
George Robert Acworth Conquest, CMG, OBE, FBA, FAAAS, FRSL, FBIS (15 July 1917 – 3 August 2015) was an English-American historian, propagandist and poet.
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Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart
Robert Gilbert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart (25 June 1881 – 14 February 1957), known as Sir Robert Vansittart between 1929 and 1941, was a senior British diplomat in the period before and during the Second World War.
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Robert William Seton-Watson
Robert William Seton-Watson, FBA, FRHistS (London, 20 August 1879 – Skye, 25 July 1951), commonly referred to as R.W. Seton-Watson and also known by the pseudonym Scotus Viator, was a British political activist and historian who played an active role in encouraging the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the emergence of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia during and after World War I. He was the father of two eminent historians, Hugh, who specialised in nineteenth-century Russian history, and Christopher, who worked on nineteenth-century Italy.
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Roger Morgan
Roger Ernest Morgan (born 14 November 1946) is an English former footballer, born in Walthamstow, London, who played as a winger in the Football League for Queens Park Rangers and Tottenham Hotspur.
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Ronald Grigor Suny
Ronald Grigor Suny (born September 25, 1940) is director of the Eisenberg Institute for Historical Studies, the Charles Tilly Collegiate Professor of Social and Political History at the University of Michigan, and Emeritus Professor of political science and history at the University of Chicago.
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Rubicon
The Rubicon (Rubicō, Rubicone) is a shallow river in northeastern Italy, just south of Ravenna.
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Ruhr
The Ruhr (Ruhrgebiet), or the Ruhr district, Ruhr region, Ruhr area or Ruhr valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiyi; November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.
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Russian Constituent Assembly
The All Russian Constituent Assembly (Всероссийское Учредительное собрание, Vserossiyskoye Uchreditelnoye sobraniye) was a constitutional body convened in Russia after the October Revolution of 1917.
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Russian famine of 1921–22
The Russian famine of 1921–22, also known as Povolzhye famine, was a severe famine in Russia which began in early spring of 1921 and lasted through 1922.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Samuel Eliot Morison
Samuel Eliot Morison (July 9, 1887 – May 15, 1976) was an American historian noted for his works of maritime history and American history that were both authoritative and popular.
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Second Triumvirate
The Second Triumvirate is the name historians have given to the official political alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Caesar Augustus), Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, formed on 27 November 43 BC with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of which some view as marking the end of the Roman Republic, whilst others argue the Battle of Actium or Octavian becoming Caesar Augustus in 27 BC.
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Self-determination
The right of people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms.
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Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
The Tariff Act of 1930 (codified at), commonly known as the Smoot–Hawley Tariff or Hawley–Smoot Tariff, was an act implementing protectionist trade policies sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and was signed into law on June 17, 1930.
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Social history
Social history, often called the new social history, is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past.
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Social science
Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.
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Socialism in One Country
Socialism in one country (sotsializm v odnoi strane) was a theory put forth by Joseph Stalin and Nikolai Bukharin in 1924 which was eventually adopted by the Soviet Union as state policy.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.
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Stephen F. Cohen
Stephen Frand Cohen (born November 25, 1938) is an American scholar and professor emeritus of Russian studies at Princeton University and New York University.
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Stephen Roskill
Captain Stephen Wentworth Roskill, CBE, DSC, FBA, DLitt (1 August 1903 – 4 November 1982) was a senior career officer of the Royal Navy, serving during the Second World War and, after his enforced medical retirement, served as the official historian of the Royal Navy from 1949 to 1960.
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Structuralism
In sociology, anthropology, and linguistics, structuralism is the methodology that implies elements of human culture must be understood by way of their relationship to a larger, overarching system or structure.
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Suez Crisis
The Suez Crisis, or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also named the Tripartite Aggression (in the Arab world) and Operation Kadesh or Sinai War (in Israel),Also named: Suez Canal Crisis, Suez War, Suez–Sinai war, Suez Campaign, Sinai Campaign, Operation Musketeer (أزمة السويس /‎ العدوان الثلاثي, "Suez Crisis"/ "the Tripartite Aggression"; Crise du canal de Suez; מבצע קדש "Operation Kadesh", or מלחמת סיני, "Sinai War") was an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France.
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Tamara Deutscher
Tamara Deutscher (1 February 1913 – 7 August 1990) was a Polish-British writer and editor who researched the leaders of Soviet Communism, together with her husband Isaac Deutscher.
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Tariff
A tariff is a tax on imports or exports between sovereign states.
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The arts
The arts refers to the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures.
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The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM) is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles in electronic format as well as a weekly print edition.
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The Fortnightly Review
The Fortnightly Review was one of the most prominent and influential magazines in nineteenth-century England.
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The Origins of the Second World War
The Origins of the Second World War is a non-fiction book by the English historian A. J. P. Taylor, examining the causes of World War II.
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The Times
The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.
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The Twenty Years' Crisis
The Twenty Years' Crisis: 1919–1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations is a book on international relations written by E. H. Carr.
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Third World
The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc.
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Thomas Carlyle
Thomas Carlyle (4 December 17955 February 1881) was a Scottish philosopher, satirical writer, essayist, translator, historian, mathematician, and teacher.
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Thomas Jones (civil servant)
Thomas Jones, CH (27 September 1870 – 15 October 1955) was a British civil servant and educationalist, once described as "one of the six most important men in Europe", and also as "the King of Wales" and "man of a thousand secrets".
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Thucydides
Thucydides (Θουκυδίδης,, Ancient Attic:; BC) was an Athenian historian and general.
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Tito–Stalin Split
The Tito–Stalin Split, or Yugoslav–Soviet Split, was a conflict between the leaders of SFR Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, which resulted in Yugoslavia's expulsion from the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) in 1948.
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Totalitarianism
Benito Mussolini Totalitarianism is a political concept where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to control every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.
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Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.
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Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England.
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Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau
Ulrich Karl Christian Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau (29 May 1869 – 8 September 1928) was a German diplomat who became the first Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic.
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University of Birmingham
The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a public research university located in Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.
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Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by the alias Lenin (22 April 1870According to the new style calendar (modern Gregorian), Lenin was born on 22 April 1870. According to the old style (Old Julian) calendar used in the Russian Empire at the time, it was 10 April 1870. Russia converted from the old to the new style calendar in 1918, under Lenin's administration. – 21 January 1924), was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist.
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W. H. Walsh
William Henry Walsh FBA FRSE (10 December 1913 – 7 April 1986), usually cited as W. H. Walsh, was a British philosopher.
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Walter Laqueur
Walter Ze'ev Laqueur (born 26 May 1921) is an American historian, journalist and political commentator.
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War communism
War communism or military communism (Военный коммунизм, Voyennyy kommunizm) was the economic and political system that existed in Soviet Russia during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921.
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What Is History?
What Is History? history is a study of historiography that was written by the English historian E. H. Carr.
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Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.
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Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921.
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World Policy Journal
World Policy Journal is the flagship publication of the World Policy Institute, published by Duke University Press.
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World War I reparations
World War I reparations were compensation imposed during the Paris Peace Conference upon the Central Powers following their defeat in the First World War by the Allied and Associate Powers.
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Young Plan
The Young Plan was a program for settling German reparations debts after World War I written in August 1929 and formally adopted in 1930.
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1905 Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government.
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1973 oil crisis
The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries proclaimed an oil embargo.
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1979 energy crisis
The 1979 (or second) oil crisis or oil shock occurred in the world due to decreased oil output in the wake of the Iranian Revolution.
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Redirects here:
Carr, Edward Hallett, E H Carr, E.H. Carr, EH Carr, Edward H. Carr, Edward Hallet Carr, Edward Hallett Carr, Ted Carr.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._H._Carr
