Communication

552 relations: Acesulfame potassium, Acetate, Acetic acid, Acetone peroxide, Acetylated distarch adipate, Acid, Acidity regulator, Adipate, Adipic acid, Agar, Alginic acid, Alitame, Alkali metal, Alkannin, Allura Red AC, Alpha-Carotene, Alpha-Tocopherol, Aluminium, Aluminium silicate, Aluminium sulfate, Amaranth (dye), Ammonia solution, Ammonium, Ammonium acetate, Ammonium adipate, Ammonium aluminium sulfate, Ammonium bicarbonate, Ammonium carbonate, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium ferric citrate, Ammonium fumarate, Ammonium lactate, Ammonium malate, Ammonium persulfate, Ammonium phosphate, Ammonium polyphosphate, Ammonium sulfate, Amylase, Annatto, Anogeissus latifolia, Anoxomer, Anthocyanin, Antibiotic, Anticaking agent, Antioxidant, Apocarotenal, Arabinogalactan, Argon, Ascorbyl palmitate, ..., Ascorbyl stearate, Aspartame, Aspartame-acesulfame salt, Astaxanthin, Avoparcin, Azodicarbonamide, Azorubine, Bambermycin, Beeswax, Bentonite, Benzathine benzylpenicillin, Benzoic acid, Benzoin (resin), Benzoyl peroxide, Benzyl alcohol, Benzylpenicillin, Beta-Carotene, Betanin, Biphenyl, Bixin, Black 7984, Borax, Boric acid, Brilliant Black BN, Brilliant Blue FCF, Bromelain, Brominated vegetable oil, Brown FK, Brown HT, Butane, Butylated hydroxyanisole, Butylated hydroxytoluene, Calcium, Calcium acetate, Calcium alginate, Calcium aluminates, Calcium aluminosilicate, Calcium ascorbate, Calcium benzoate, Calcium bisulfite, Calcium bromate, Calcium carbonate, Calcium chloride, Calcium citrate, Calcium diglutamate, Calcium erythorbate, Calcium formate, Calcium fumarate, Calcium gluconate, Calcium glycerylphosphate, Calcium guanylate, Calcium hydroxide, Calcium inosinate, Calcium iodate, Calcium lactate, Calcium lactate gluconate, Calcium malate, Calcium oxide, Calcium peroxide, Calcium phosphate, Calcium propanoate, Calcium pyrophosphate, Calcium silicate, Calcium sorbate, Calcium stearate, Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate, Calcium sulfate, Calcium sulfite, Calcium tartrate, Candelilla wax, Canthaxanthin, Caramel color, Carbon black, Carbon dioxide, Carbonate, Carboxymethyl cellulose, Carmine, Carminic acid, Carnauba wax, Carotene, Carrageenan, Carrot, Cassia gum, Castor oil, Cellulose, Chalk, Chiral resolution, Chloride, Chlorine, Chlorine dioxide, Chloropentafluoroethane, Chlorophyll, Chlorophyllin, Chlortetracycline, Cholic acid, Choline, Citranaxanthin, Citric acid, Citrus Red 2, Cochineal, Codex Alimentarius, Copper(II) sulfate, Cryptoxanthin, Curcumin, Curdlan, Cyclodextrin, Cysteine, Cystine, DATEM, Defoamer, Dehydroacetic acid, Delta-Tocopherol, Dextrin, Diammonium phosphate, Dicalcium citrate, Dicalcium phosphate, Dichlorodifluoromethane, Dimagnesium phosphate, Dimethyl dicarbonate, Dipotassium guanylate, Dipotassium phosphate, Disodium citrate, Disodium guanylate, Disodium inosinate, Disodium phosphate, Disodium pyrophosphate, Disodium ribonucleotides, Docusate, Dodecyl gallate, E-series of preferred numbers, E217 series, E350 (food additive), E351 series, Emulsion, Erythorbic acid, Erythritol, Erythrosine, Ester, Ethanol, Ethoxyquin, Ethulose, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl cellulose, Ethyl gallate, Ethyl methyl cellulose, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Ethylparaben, European Food Safety Authority, European Free Trade Association, European Union, Fast Green FCF, Fast Yellow AB, Fatty acid, Fatty acid methyl ester, Ficain, Firming agent, Flavin mononucleotide, Flavor, Flavoxanthin, Flour bleaching agent, Flour treatment agent, Foaming agent, Food additive, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Drug Administration, Food Chemicals Codex, Food coloring, Food orange 7, Food Standards Agency, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Formaldehyde, Formate, Formic acid, Fumaric acid, Gallic acid, Gamma-Carotene, Gamma-Tocopherol, Gelatin, Gellan gum, Glazing agent, Glucomannan, Gluconic acid, Glucono delta-lactone, Glucose oxidase, Glutamic acid, Glycerol, Glycerol ester of wood rosin, Glycine, Glycyrrhizin, Gold, Green S, Guaiacum, Guanosine monophosphate, Guar gum, Gulf Cooperation Council, Gum arabic, Gum guaicum, Gum karaya, Helium, Hemimorphite, Heptylparaben, Hexamethylenetetramine, Hexylresorcinol, Humectant, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrogen, Hydroxide, Hydroxyethyl cellulose, Hydroxypropyl cellulose, Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, Hypromellose, Indanthrone blue, Indigo carmine, Inosinic acid, International Numbering System for Food Additives, Invertase, Iron oxide, Iron(II) carbonate, Iron(II) gluconate, Iron(II) lactate, Isobutane, Isomalt, Israel, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Konjac, Lactic acid, Lactitol, Lactobionic acid, Lanolin, Leavening agent, Lecithin, Lignosulfonates, Lipase, List of food additives, List of food labeling regulations, Lithol Rubine BK, Locust bean gum, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysozyme, Magnesium, Magnesium bicarbonate, Magnesium carbonate, Magnesium chloride, Magnesium citrate, Magnesium diglutamate, Magnesium gluconate, Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium lactate, Magnesium oxide, Magnesium phosphate, Magnesium stearate, Magnesium sulfate, Magnesium trisilicate, Malic acid, Maltitol, Mannitol, Metatartaric acid, Methyl cellulose, Methylparaben, Microcline, Microcrystalline cellulose, Microcrystalline wax, Mineral acid, Mineral oil, Mixed ammonium salts of phosphorylated glycerides, Modified starch, Monensin, Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, Monoammonium glutamate, Monocalcium citrate, Monocalcium phosphate, Monomagnesium phosphate, Monopotassium glutamate, Monopotassium phosphate, Monosodium citrate, Monosodium glutamate, Monosodium phosphate, Monosodium tartrate, Montan wax, Montanic acid, Montreal Protocol, Natamycin, Natural gum, Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, Neotame, New Zealand Food Safety Authority, Nisin, Nitrate, Nitrogen, Nitrogen oxide, Nitrosyl chloride, Nitrous oxide, Norway, Octafluorocyclobutane, Octyl gallate, Oleandomycin, Orange GGN, Orcein, Oxygen, Oxytetracycline, Packaging gas, Papain, Paprika oleoresin, Paraffin wax, Patent Blue V, Pectin, Peptide, Perlite, Petroleum jelly, PH, PH indicator, Phenol, Phosphate, Phosphated distarch phosphate, Phosphoric acid, Phytic acid, Polydextrose, Polydimethylsiloxane, Polyethylene, Polyethylene glycol, Polyglycerol polyricinoleate, Polyphosphate, Polysorbate, Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 80, Polyvinyl alcohol, Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Ponceau 4R, Ponceau 6R, Potassium, Potassium acetate, Potassium adipate, Potassium alum, Potassium ascorbate, Potassium benzoate, Potassium bicarbonate, Potassium bisulfite, Potassium bitartrate, Potassium bromate, Potassium carbonate, Potassium chloride, Potassium citrate, Potassium ferrocyanide, Potassium fumarate, Potassium gluconate, Potassium hydroxide, Potassium iodate, Potassium lactate, Potassium malate, Potassium metabisulfite, Potassium nitrate, Potassium nitrite, Potassium persulfate, Potassium phosphate, Potassium propanoate, Potassium silicate, Potassium sodium tartrate, Potassium sorbate, Potassium sulfate, Potassium sulfite, Potassium tartrate, Preservative, Procaine benzylpenicillin, Propane, Propionate, Propionic acid, Propyl gallate, Propylene glycol, Propylene glycol alginate, Propylparaben, Protease, Pullulan, Pyrophosphate, Quillaia, Quinoline Yellow WS, Red 2G, Rhodoxanthin, Riboflavin, Rice bran wax, Rosemary, Rosin, Rubixanthin, Saccharin, Saffron, Salinomycin, Salt (chemistry), Scarlet GN, Seasoning, Sepiolite, Sequestrant, Shellac, Siderite, Silicate, Silicon dioxide, Silver, Sodium, Sodium acetate, Sodium adipate, Sodium aluminium phosphate, Sodium aluminium sulfate, Sodium aluminosilicate, Sodium ascorbate, Sodium benzoate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium bisulfite, Sodium carbonate, Sodium citrate, Sodium croscarmellose, Sodium cyclamate, Sodium dehydroacetate, Sodium diacetate, Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Sodium erythorbate, Sodium ferrocyanide, Sodium formate, Sodium fumarate, Sodium gluconate, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium lactate, Sodium malate, Sodium metabisulfite, Sodium metasilicate, Sodium methylparaben, Sodium nitrate, Sodium nitrite, Sodium orthophenyl phenol, Sodium phosphates, Sodium propionate, Sodium sesquicarbonate, Sodium silicate, Sodium sorbate, Sodium stearoyl lactylate, Sodium sulfate, Sodium sulfite, Sodium tartrate, Sodium thiosulfate, Sodium triphosphate, Sorbic acid, Sorbitan monolaurate, Sorbitan monostearate, Sorbitan tristearate, Sorbitol, Spermaceti, Spiramycin, Stabiliser (food), Stearate, Stearic acid, Stearyl palmityl tartrate, Steviol glycoside, Succinic acid, Sucralose, Sucrase, Sucrose acetate isobutyrate, Sugar substitute, Sulfate, Sulfite, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric acid, Sunset Yellow FCF, Switzerland, Talc, Tannic acid, Tannin, Tara spinosa, Tartaric acid, Tartrate, Tartrazine, Tert-Butylhydroquinone, Tetracycline antibiotics, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, Thaumatin, Thickening agent, Tiabendazole, Tin(II) chloride, Titanium dioxide, Tocopherol, Tragacanth, Triacetin, Tricalcium phosphate, Triethyl citrate, Tripotassium phosphate, Trisodium citrate, Trisodium phosphate, Turmeric, Tylosin, Urea, Vermiculite, Violaxanthin, Virginiamycin, Vitamin C, Wax, Wax ester, World Health Organization, Xanthan gum, Xylitol, Yellow 2G, Zeaxanthin, Zinc acetate, 1,3-Butanediol, 2-Phenylphenol. Expand index (502 more) » « Shrink index

Acesulfame potassium

Acesulfame potassium, also known as acesulfame K (K is the symbol for potassium) or Ace K, is a calorie-free sugar substitute (artificial sweetener) often marketed under the trade names Sunett and Sweet One.

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Acetate

An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, metallic or nonmetallic and other base.

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Acetic acid

Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is a colourless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H or C2H4O2).

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Acetone peroxide

Acetone peroxide is an organic peroxide and a primary high explosive.

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Acetylated distarch adipate

Acetylated distarch adipate (E1422), is a starch that is treated with acetic anhydride and adipic acid anhydride to resist high temperatures.

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Acid

An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).

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Acidity regulator

Acidity regulators, or pH control agents, are food additives used to change or maintain pH (acidity or basicity).

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Adipate

Adipates are the salts and esters of adipic acid.

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Adipic acid

Adipic acid or hexanedioic acid is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(COOH)2.

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Agar

Agar (pronounced, sometimes) or agar-agar is a jelly-like substance, obtained from algae.

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Alginic acid

Alginic acid, also called algin or alginate, is a polysaccharide distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae, where through binding with water it forms a viscous gum.

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Alitame

Alitame is an aspartic acid-containing dipeptide sweetener.

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Alkali metal

The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, natrium and kalium; these are still the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian.

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Alkannin

Alkannin is a natural dye that is obtained from the extracts of plants from the borage family Alkanna tinctoria that are found in the south of France.

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Allura Red AC

Allura Red AC is a red azo dye that goes by several names.

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Alpha-Carotene

α-Carotene is a form of carotene with a β-ionone ring at one end and an α-ionone ring at the opposite end.

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Alpha-Tocopherol

α-Tocopherol is a type of vitamin E. It has E number "E307".

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Aluminium

Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.

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Aluminium silicate

Aluminium silicate (or aluminum silicate) is a name commonly applied to chemical compounds which are derived from aluminium oxide, Al2O3 and silicon dioxide, SiO2 which may be anhydrous or hydrated, naturally occurring as minerals or synthetic.

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Aluminium sulfate

Aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula Al2(SO4)3.

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Amaranth (dye)

Amaranth, FD&C Red No.

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Ammonia solution

Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water.

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Ammonium

The ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula.

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Ammonium acetate

Ammonium acetate, also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH4CH3CO2.

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Ammonium adipate

Ammonium adipate is a compound with formula (NH4)2(C4H8(COO)2).

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Ammonium aluminium sulfate

Ammonium aluminium sulfate, also known as ammonium alum or just alum, is a white crystalline double sulfate usually encountered as the dodecahydrate, formula (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O.

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Ammonium bicarbonate

Ammonium bicarbonate is an inorganic compound with formula (NH4)HCO3, simplified to NH5CO3.

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Ammonium carbonate

Ammonium carbonate is a salt with the chemical formula (NH4)2CO3.

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Ammonium chloride

Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl and a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water.

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Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), also and better known as monoammonium phosphate (MAP) in order not to confuse it with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), with formula NH4H2PO4, is formed when a solution of phosphoric acid is added to ammonia until the solution is distinctly acidic.

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Ammonium ferric citrate

Ammonium ferric citrate has the formula (NH4)5.

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Ammonium fumarate

Ammonium fumarate is a compound with formula (NH4)2(C2H2(COO)2).

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Ammonium lactate

Ammonium lactate is a compound with formula NH4(C2H4(OH)COO).

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Ammonium malate

Ammonium malate is a compound with formula NH4(C2H4O(COO)2).

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Ammonium persulfate

Ammonium persulfate (APS) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2S2O8.

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Ammonium phosphate

Ammonium phosphate is the salt of ammonium and phosphate.

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Ammonium polyphosphate

Ammonium polyphosphate commercially produced by Clariant, (former business area of Hoechst AG), Budenheim and other sources is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching.

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Ammonium sulfate

Ammonium sulfate (American English and international scientific usage; ammonium sulphate in British English); (NH4)2SO4, is an inorganic salt with a number of commercial uses.

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Amylase

An amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars.

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Annatto

Annatto is an orange-red condiment and food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana).

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Anogeissus latifolia

Anogeissus latifolia is a species of small to medium-sized tree native to the India, Nepal, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka.

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Anoxomer

Anoxomer is a food additive with E number E323.

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Anthocyanin

Anthocyanins (also anthocyans; from Greek: ἄνθος (anthos) "flower" and κυάνεος/κυανοῦς kyaneos/kyanous "dark blue") are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, or blue.

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Antibiotic

An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.

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Anticaking agent

An anticaking agent is an additive placed in powdered or granulated materials, such as table salt or confectionaries to prevent the formation of lumps (caking) and for easing packaging, transport, and consumption.

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Antioxidant

Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules.

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Apocarotenal

Apocarotenal, or trans-β-apo-8'-carotenal, is a carotenoid found in spinach and citrus fruits.

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Arabinogalactan

Arabinogalactan is a biopolymer consisting of arabinose and galactose monosaccharides.

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Argon

Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18.

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Ascorbyl palmitate

Ascorbyl palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat-soluble form of vitamin C. In addition to its use as a source of vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive (E number E304).

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Ascorbyl stearate

Ascorbyl stearate (C24H42O7) is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and stearic acid.

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Aspartame

Aspartame (APM) is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages.

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Aspartame-acesulfame salt

Aspartame-acesulfame salt is an artificial sweetener marketed under the name Twinsweet.

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Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid.

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Avoparcin

Avoparcin is a glycopeptide antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

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Azodicarbonamide

Azodicarbonamide, or azo(bis)formamide, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4O2N4.

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Azorubine

Azorubine is an azo dye produced as a disodium salt.

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Bambermycin

Bambermycin (flavomycin) is a complex of antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis and Streptomyces ghanaensis used as a food additive for poultry and swine.

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Beeswax

Beeswax (cera alba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.

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Bentonite

Bentonite (/ˈbɛntənʌɪt/) is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite.

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Benzathine benzylpenicillin

Benzathine benzylpenicillin, also known as benzathine penicillin G, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH), is a colorless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid.

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Benzoin (resin)

Benzoin or benjamin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus Styrax.

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Benzoyl peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a medication and industrial chemical.

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Benzyl alcohol

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.

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Benzylpenicillin

Benzylpenicillin, also known as penicillin G, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.

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Beta-Carotene

β-Carotene is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits.

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Betanin

Betanin, or Beetroot Red, is a red glycosidic food dye obtained from beets; its aglycone, obtained by hydrolyzing away the glucose molecule, is betanidin.

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Biphenyl

Biphenyl (or diphenyl or phenylbenzene or 1,1′-biphenyl or lemonene) is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals.

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Bixin

Bixin is an apocarotenoid found in annatto, a natural food coloring obtained from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana).

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Black 7984

Black 7984, Food Black 2, or C.I. 27755, is a brown-to-black synthetic diazo dye.

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Borax

Borax, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate, is an important boron compound, a mineral, and a salt of boric acid.

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Boric acid

Boric acid, also called hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid and acidum boricum, is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron, which is often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other chemical compounds.

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Brilliant Black BN

Brilliant Black BN, Brilliant Black PN, Brilliant Black A, Black PN, Food Black 1, Naphthol Black, C.I. Food Black 1, or C.I. 28440, is a synthetic black diazo dye.

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Brilliant Blue FCF

Brilliant Blue FCF (Blue 1) is an organic compound classified as a triarylmethane dye and a blue azo dye, reflecting its chemical structure.

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Bromelain

Bromelain is an enzyme extract derived from the stems of pineapples, although it exists in all parts of the fresh plant and fruit.

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Brominated vegetable oil

Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is a complex mixture of plant-derived triglycerides that have been reacted to contain atoms of the element bromine bonded to the molecules.

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Brown FK

Brown FK, also called Kipper Brown, Chocolate Brown FK, and C.I. Food Brown 1, is a brown mixture of six synthetic azo dyes, with addition of sodium chloride, and/or sodium sulfate.

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Brown HT

Brown HT, also called Chocolate Brown HT, Food Brown 3, and C.I. 20285, is a brown synthetic coal tar diazo dye.

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Butane

Butane is an organic compound with the formula C4H10 that is an alkane with four carbon atoms.

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Butylated hydroxyanisole

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole.

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Butylated hydroxytoluene

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Calcium acetate

Calcium acetate is a chemical compound which is a calcium salt of acetic acid.

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Calcium alginate

Calcium alginate is a water-insoluble, gelatinous, cream-coloured substance that can be created through the addition of aqueous calcium chloride to aqueous sodium alginate.

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Calcium aluminates

Calcium aluminates are a range of minerals obtained by heating calcium oxide and aluminium oxide together at high temperatures.

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Calcium aluminosilicate

Calcium aluminosilicate, an aluminosilicate compound with calcium cations, most typically has formula CaAl2Si2O8.

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Calcium ascorbate

Calcium ascorbate is a compound with the molecular formula CaC12H14O12.

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Calcium benzoate

Calcium benzoate refers to the calcium salt of benzoic acid.

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Calcium bisulfite

Calcium bisulfite (calcium bisulphite) is an inorganic compound which is the salt of a calcium cation and a bisulfite anion.

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Calcium bromate

Calcium bromate, Ca(BrO3)2, is a calcium salt of bromic acid.

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Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3.

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Calcium chloride

Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.

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Calcium citrate

Calcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid.

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Calcium diglutamate

Calcium diglutamate, sometimes abbreviated CDG and also called calcium glutamate, is a compound with formula Ca(C5H8NO4)2.

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Calcium erythorbate

Calcium erythorbate is a food additive.

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Calcium formate

Calcium formate, Ca(HCO2)2 (or. Ca(HCOO)2), is the calcium salt of formic acid, HCOOH.

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Calcium fumarate

Calcium fumarate is a compound with formula Ca(C2H2(COO)2) or (OOC-CH.

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Calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement and medication.

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Calcium glycerylphosphate

Calcium glycerylphosphate (or calcium glycerophosphate) is a mineral supplement.

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Calcium guanylate

Calcium guanylate is a compound with formula Ca(C10H12O4N5PO4).

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Calcium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2.

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Calcium inosinate

Calcium inosinate is a calcium salt of the nucleoside inosine.

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Calcium iodate

Calcium iodates are inorganic compound composed of calcium and iodate anion.

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Calcium lactate

Calcium lactate is a white crystalline salt with formula, consisting of two lactate anions (CHOH) for each calcium cation.

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Calcium lactate gluconate

Calcium lactate gluconate, also known as GLOCAL, is a soluble salt of calcium, lactic acid and gluconic acid used in effervescent calcium tablets.

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Calcium malate

Calcium malate is a compound with formula Ca(C2H4O(COO)2).

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Calcium oxide

Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound.

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Calcium peroxide

Calcium peroxide or calcium dioxide is the inorganic compound with the formula CaO2.

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Calcium phosphate

Calcium phosphate is a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions.

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Calcium propanoate

Calcium propanoate or calcium propionate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.

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Calcium pyrophosphate

Calcium pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7) is a chemical compound, an insoluble calcium salt containing the pyrophosphate anion.

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Calcium silicate

Calcium silicate is the chemical compound Ca2SiO4, also known as calcium orthosilicate and is sometimes formulated as 2CaO·SiO2.

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Calcium sorbate

Calcium sorbate is the calcium salt of sorbic acid.

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Calcium stearate

Calcium stearate is a carboxylate of calcium, classified as a calcium soap.

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Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate

Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate (calcium stearoyl lactylate or CSL) or E482 is a versatile, FDA approved food additive.

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Calcium sulfate

Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO4 and related hydrates.

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Calcium sulfite

Calcium sulfite, or calcium sulphite, is a chemical compound, the calcium salt of sulfite with the formula CaSO3·x(H2O).

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Calcium tartrate

Calcium tartrate, exactly calcium L-tartrate, is a byproduct of the wine industry, prepared from wine fermentation dregs.

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Candelilla wax

Candelilla wax is a wax derived from the leaves of the small Candelilla shrub native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, Euphorbia cerifera and Euphorbia antisyphilitica, from the family Euphorbiaceae.

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Canthaxanthin

Canthaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature.

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Caramel color

Caramel color or caramel coloring is a water-soluble food coloring.

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Carbon black

Carbon black (subtypes are acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, with the addition of a small amount of vegetable oil.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Carbonate

In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula of.

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Carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose gum or tylose powder is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone.

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Carmine

Carmine, also called cochineal, cochineal extract, crimson lake or carmine lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid; it is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color.

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Carminic acid

Carminic acid (C22H20O13) is a red glucosidal hydroxyanthrapurin that occurs naturally in some scale insects, such as the cochineal, Armenian cochineal, and Polish cochineal.

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Carnauba wax

Carnauba (carnaúba), also called Brazil wax and palm wax, is a wax of the leaves of the palm Copernicia prunifera (Synonym: Copernicia cerifera), a plant native to and grown only in the northeastern Brazilian states of Piauí, Ceará, Maranhão, Bahia, and Rio Grande do Norte.

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Carotene

The term carotene (also carotin, from the Latin carota, "carrot") is used for many related unsaturated hydrocarbon substances having the formula C40Hx, which are synthesized by plants but in general cannot be made by animals (with the exception of some aphids and spider mites which acquired the synthesizing genes from fungi).

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Carrageenan

Carrageenans or carrageenins (from Irish, "little rock") are a family of linear sulfated polysaccharides that are extracted from red edible seaweeds.

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Carrot

The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist.

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Cassia gum

The term cassia gum refers to the flour made from the endosperms of the seeds of Senna obtusifolia and Senna tora (also called Cassia obtusifolia or Cassia tora).

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Castor oil

Castor oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis).

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Cellulose

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.

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Chalk

Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite.

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Chiral resolution

Chiral resolution in stereochemistry is a process for the separation of racemic compounds into their enantiomers.

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Chloride

The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−.

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Chlorine

Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.

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Chlorine dioxide

Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2.

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Chloropentafluoroethane

Chloropentafluoroethane is a chlorofluorocarbon once used as a refrigerant.

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Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.

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Chlorophyllin

Chlorophyllin refers to any one of a group of closely related water-soluble salts that are semi-synthetic derivatives of chlorophyll, differing in the identity of the cations associated with the anion.

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Chlortetracycline

Chlortetracycline (trade name Aureomycin, Lederle) is a tetracycline antibiotic, the first tetracycline to be identified.

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Cholic acid

Cholic acid, also known as 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water (soluble in alcohol and acetic acid), it is a white crystalline substance.

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Choline

Choline is a water-soluble vitamin-like essential nutrient.

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Citranaxanthin

Citranaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment used as a food additive under the E number E161i as a food coloring.

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Citric acid

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that has the chemical formula.

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Citrus Red 2

Citrus Red 2, Citrus Red No.

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Cochineal

The cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is derived.

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Codex Alimentarius

The Codex Alimentarius is a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and other recommendations relating to foods, food production, and food safety.

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Copper(II) sulfate

Copper(II) sulfate, also known as cupric sulfate, or copper sulphate, is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4(H2O)x, where x can range from 0 to 5.

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Cryptoxanthin

Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment.

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Curcumin

Curcumin is a bright yellow chemical produced by some plants.

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Curdlan

Curdlan is a linear beta-1,3-glucan, a high-molecular-weight polymer of glucose.

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Cyclodextrin

Cyclodextrins (sometimes called cycloamyloses) are a family of compounds made up of sugar molecules bound together in a ring (cyclic oligosaccharides).

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Cysteine

Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.

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Cystine

Cystine is the oxidized dimer form of the amino acid cysteine and has the formula (SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2.

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DATEM

DATEM (diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono- and diglycerides, also E472e) is an emulsifier primarily used in baking to create a strong gluten network in dough.

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Defoamer

A defoamer or an anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in industrial process liquids.

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Dehydroacetic acid

Dehydroacetic acid is an organic compound which has several industrial applications.

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Delta-Tocopherol

δ-Tocopherol is one of the chemical compounds that is considered vitamin E. As a food additive, it has E number E309.

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Dextrin

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen.

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Diammonium phosphate

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4, IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid.

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Dicalcium citrate

Dicalcium citrate is a compound with formula C6H6CaO7.

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Dicalcium phosphate

Dicalcium phosphate is the calcium phosphate with the formula CaHPO4 and its dihydrate. The "di" prefix in the common name arises because the formation of the HPO42– anion involves the removal of two protons from phosphoric acid, H3PO4. It is also known as dibasic calcium phosphate or calcium monohydrogen phosphate. Dicalcium phosphate is used as a food additive, it is found in some toothpastes as a polishing agent and is a biomaterial.

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Dichlorodifluoromethane

Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) is a colorless gas usually sold under the brand name Freon-12, and a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane (CFC) used as a refrigerant and aerosol spray propellant.

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Dimagnesium phosphate

Dimagnesium phosphate is a compound with formula MgHPO4.

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Dimethyl dicarbonate

Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) is an organic compound which is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor at high concentration at room temperature.

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Dipotassium guanylate

Dipotassium guanylate is a compound with formula K2(C10H12O4N5PO4).

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Dipotassium phosphate

Dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) (also dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate; potassium phosphate dibasic) is a highly water-soluble salt which is often used as a fertilizer, food additive and buffering agent.

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Disodium citrate

Disodium citrate, more properly, disodium hydrogen citrate, is an acid salt of citric acid with the chemical formula Na2C6H6O7.

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Disodium guanylate

Disodium guanylate, also known as sodium 5'-guanylate and disodium 5'-guanylate, is a natural sodium salt of the flavor enhancing nucleotide guanosine monophosphate (GMP).

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Disodium inosinate

Disodium inosinate (E631) is the disodium salt of inosinic acid with the chemical formula C10H11N4Na2O8P.

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Disodium phosphate

Disodium phosphate (DSP), or sodium hydrogen phosphate, or sodium phosphate dibasic, is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2HPO4.

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Disodium pyrophosphate

Disodium pyrophosphate or sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.

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Disodium ribonucleotides

Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides, E number E635, is a flavor enhancer which is synergistic with glutamates in creating the taste of umami.

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Docusate

Docusate, also known as docusate salts or dioctyl sulfosuccinate, is a laxative of the stool softener type used to treat constipation.

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Dodecyl gallate

Dodecyl gallate, or lauryl gallate, is the ester of dodecanol and gallic acid.

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E-series of preferred numbers

The E-series is a system of preferred numbers (also called preferred values) derived for use in electronic components.

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E217 series

The is a suburban electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in the Kantō region of Japan since 1994.

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E350 (food additive)

E350 is an EU recognised food additive.

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E351 series

The was a tilting electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) on Chuo Main Line Super Azusa limited express services in Japan from 1993 to 2018.

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Emulsion

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable).

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Erythorbic acid

Erythorbic acid (isoascorbic acid, D-araboascorbic acid, (D-)erythroascorbic acid) is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

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Erythritol

Erythritol ((2R,3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol) is a sugar alcohol (or polyol) that has been approved for use as a food additive in the United States and throughout much of the world.

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Erythrosine

Erythrosine, also known as Red No.

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Ester

In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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Ethoxyquin

No description.

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Ethulose

Ethulose is a laxative.

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Ethyl acetate

Ethyl acetate (systematically ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula, simplified to.

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Ethyl cellulose

Ethyl cellulose is a derivative of cellulose in which some of the hydroxyl groups on the repeating glucose units are converted into ethyl ether groups.

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Ethyl gallate

Ethyl gallate is a food additive with E number E313.

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Ethyl methyl cellulose

Ethyl methyl cellulose is a thickener, vegetable gum, foaming agent and emulsifier.

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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also known by several other names, is a chemical originating in multiseasonal plants with dormancy stages as a lipidopreservative which helps to develop the stem, currently used for both industrial and medical purposes.

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Ethylparaben

Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) is the ethyl ester of ''p''-hydroxybenzoic acid.

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European Food Safety Authority

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain.

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European Free Trade Association

The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Fast Green FCF

Fast Green FCF, also called Food green 3, FD&C Green No.

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Fast Yellow AB

Fast Yellow AB is an azo dye.

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Fatty acid

In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.

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Fatty acid methyl ester

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are a type of fatty acid ester that are derived by transesterification of fats with methanol.

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Ficain

Ficain (ficin, debricin, higueroxyl delabarre) is an enzyme that is derived from figs latex.

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Firming agent

Firming agents are food additives added in order to precipitate residual pectin, thus strengthening the structure of the food and preventing its collapse during processing.

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Flavin mononucleotide

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase as well as cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors.

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Flavor

Flavor (American English) or flavour (British English; see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of food or other substance, and is determined primarily by the chemical senses of taste and smell.

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Flavoxanthin

Flavoxanthin is a natural xanthophyll pigment with a golden-yellow color found in small quantities in a variety of plants.

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Flour bleaching agent

Flour bleaching agent is a food additive added to flour in order to make it appear whiter (freshly milled flour has a yellowish tint) and to oxidize the surfaces of the flour grains and help with developing of gluten.

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Flour treatment agent

Flour treatment agents (also called improving agents, bread improvers, dough conditioners and dough improvers) are food additives combined with flour to improve baking functionality.

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Foaming agent

A foaming agent is a material that facilitates formation of foam such as a surfactant or a blowing agent.

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Food additive

Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities.

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Food and Agriculture Organization

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger.

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Food Chemicals Codex

The Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) is a collection of internationally recognized standards for the purity and identity of food ingredients.

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Food coloring

Food coloring, or color additive, is any dye, pigment or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or drink.

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Food orange 7

Food orange 7, the ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid, is a carotenoid with an orange-red color.

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Food Standards Agency

The Food Standards Agency is a non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

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Food Standards Australia New Zealand

Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) (Māori: Te Mana Kounga Kai - Ahitereiria me Aotearoa), formerly Australia New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA), is the governmental body responsible for developing food standards for Australia and New Zealand.

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Formaldehyde

No description.

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Formate

Formate (IUPAC name: methanoate) is the anion derived from formic acid.

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Formic acid

Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid.

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Fumaric acid

Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is the chemical compound with the formula HO2CCH.

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Gallic acid

Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants.

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Gamma-Carotene

γ-Carotene is a carotenoid, and is a biosynthetic intermediate for cyclized carotenoid synthesis in plants.

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Gamma-Tocopherol

γ-Tocopherol is one of the chemical compounds that is considered vitamin E. As a food additive, it has E number E308.

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Gelatin

Gelatin or gelatine (from gelatus meaning "stiff", "frozen") is a translucent, colorless, brittle (when dry), flavorless food derived from collagen obtained from various animal body parts.

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Gellan gum

Gellan gum is a water-soluble anionic polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea (formerly Pseudomonas elodea).

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Glazing agent

A glazing agent is a natural or synthetic substance that provides a waxy, homogeneous, coating to prevent water loss from a surface and provide other protection.

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Glucomannan

Glucomannan is a water-soluble polysaccharide that is considered a dietary fiber.

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Gluconic acid

Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH.

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Glucono delta-lactone

Glucono delta-lactone (GDL), also known as gluconolactone, is a food additive with the E number E575 used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent.

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Glucose oxidase

The glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) also known as notatin (EC number 1.1.3.4) is an oxido-reductase that catalyses the oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide and D-glucono-δ-lactone.

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Glutamic acid

Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.

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Glycerol

Glycerol (also called glycerine or glycerin; see spelling differences) is a simple polyol compound.

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Glycerol ester of wood rosin

Glycerol ester of wood rosin, also known as glyceryl abietate or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive (E number E445).

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Glycine

Glycine (symbol Gly or G) is the amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain.

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Glycyrrhizin

Glycyrrhizin (or glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhizinic acid) is the chief sweet-tasting constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) root.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.

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Green S

Green S is a green synthetic coal tar triarylmethane dye with the molecular formula C27H25N2O7S2Na.

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Guaiacum

Guaiacum (OED 2nd edition, 1989. in, retrieved 2013-04-30.), sometimes spelled Guajacum, is a genus of flowering plants in the caltrop family Zygophyllaceae.

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Guanosine monophosphate

Guanosine monophosphate (GMP), also known as 5'-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA.

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Guar gum

Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan polysaccharide extracted from guar beans that has thickening and stabilizing properties useful in the food and hydraulic fracturing industries.

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Gulf Cooperation Council

The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية), originally (and still colloquially) known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC, مجلس التعاون الخليجي), is a regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf except Iraq.

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Gum arabic

Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, arabic gum, gum acacia, acacia, Senegal gum and Indian gum, and by other names, is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree.

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Gum guaicum

Gum guaicum, or guaiac resin, is a substance produced from the tree species Guaiacum officinale.

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Gum karaya

Gum karaya or gum sterculia, also known as Indian gum tragacanth, is a vegetable gum produced as an exudate by trees of the genus Sterculia.

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Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2.

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Hemimorphite

Hemimorphite, is Zn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O, a component of calamine.

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Heptylparaben

Heptylparaben (heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate) is a compound with formula C7H15(C6H4OHCOO).

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Hexamethylenetetramine

Hexamethylenetetramine or methenamine is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula (CH2)6N4.

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Hexylresorcinol

Hexylresorcinol is an organic compound with local anaesthetic, antiseptic and anthelmintic properties.

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Humectant

A humectant is a hygroscopic substance used to keep things moist; it is the opposite of a desiccant because it is wet.

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Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is a colorless inorganic chemical system with the formula.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Hydroxide

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−.

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Hydroxyethyl cellulose

Hydroxyethyl cellulose, also known by the trade name Natrosol, is a gelling and thickening agent derived from cellulose.

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Hydroxypropyl cellulose

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility.

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Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate

Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HDP) is a modified resistant starch.

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Hypromellose

Hypromellose (INN), short for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used as eye drops, as well as an excipient and controlled-delivery component in oral medicaments, found in a variety of commercial products.

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Indanthrone blue

Indanthrone blue, also called indanthrene, is an organic dye made from 2-aminoanthraquinone treated with potassium hydroxide in the presence of a potassium salt.

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Indigo carmine

Indigo carmine, or 5,5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt, is an organic salt derived from indigo by sulfonation, which renders the compound soluble in water.

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Inosinic acid

Inosinic acid or inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a nucleoside monophosphate.

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International Numbering System for Food Additives

The International Numbering System for Food Additives (INS) is a European-based naming system for food additives, aimed at providing a short designation of what may be a lengthy actual name.

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Invertase

Invertase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (breakdown) of sucrose (table sugar) into fructose and glucose.

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Iron oxide

Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen.

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Iron(II) carbonate

iron(II) carbonate, or ferrous carbonate, is a chemical compound with formula, that occurs naturally as the mineral siderite.

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Iron(II) gluconate

Iron(II) gluconate, or ferrous gluconate, is a black compound often used as an iron supplement.

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Iron(II) lactate

Ferrous lactate, or iron(II) lactate, is a chemical compound consisting of one atom of iron (Fe2+) and two lactate anions.

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Isobutane

Isobutane, also known as i-butane or methylpropane, is a chemical compound with molecular formula HC(CH3)3.

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Isomalt

Isomalt is a sugar substitute, a type of sugar alcohol used primarily for its sugar-like physical properties.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

The Joint FAO-WHO Expert Committee Report on Food Additives was an international report of the World Health Organization.

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Konjac

Konjac (or konjak) is a common name of the Asian plant Amorphophallus konjac (syn. A. rivieri), which has an edible corm (bulbo-tuber).

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Lactic acid

Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.

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Lactitol

Lactitol is a sugar alcohol used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods with approximately 40% of the sweetness of sugar.

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Lactobionic acid

Lactobionic acid (4-O-β-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid) is a sugar acid.

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Lanolin

Lanolin (from Latin ‘wool’, and ‘oil’), also called wool wax or wool grease, is a wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals.

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Leavening agent

A leaven, often called a leavening agent (and also known as a raising agent), is any one of a number of substances used in doughs and batters that cause a foaming action (gas bubbles) that lightens and softens the mixture.

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Lecithin

Lecithin (from the Greek lekithos, "egg yolk") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so are both hydrophilic and lipophilic), and are used for smoothing food textures, dissolving powders (emulsifying), homogenizing liquid mixtures, and repelling sticking materials.

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Lignosulfonates

Lignosulfonates, or sulfonated lignin, (CAS number 8062-15-5) are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers: they are byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping.

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Lipase

A lipase is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (lipids).

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List of food additives

;Acids: Food acids are added to make flavors "sharper", and also act as preservatives and antioxidants.

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List of food labeling regulations

The packaging and labeling of food is subject to regulation in most regions/jurisdictions, both to prevent false advertising and to promote food safety.

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Lithol Rubine BK

Lithol Rubine BK is a reddish synthetic azo dye.

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Locust bean gum

Locust bean gum (LBG, also known as carob gum, carob bean gum, carobin, E410) is a thickening agent and a gelling agent used in food technology.

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Lutein

Lutein (Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. from Latin luteus meaning "yellow") is a xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids.

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Lycopene

Lycopene (from the neo-Latin Lycopersicum, the tomato species) is a bright red carotene and carotenoid pigment and phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, gac, and papayas, but it is not in strawberries or cherries.

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Lysozyme

Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system.

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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

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Magnesium bicarbonate

Magnesium bicarbonate or magnesium hydrogen carbonate, Mg(HCO3)2, is the bicarbonate salt of magnesium.

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Magnesium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3 (archaic name magnesia alba), is an inorganic salt that is a white solid.

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Magnesium chloride

Magnesium chloride is the name for the chemical compound with the formula MgCl2 and its various hydrates MgCl2(H2O)x.

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Magnesium citrate

Magnesium citrate is a magnesium preparation in salt form with citric acid in a 1:1 ratio (1 magnesium atom per citrate molecule).

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Magnesium diglutamate

Magnesium diglutamate is a compound with formula Mg(C5H8NO4)2.

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Magnesium gluconate

Magnesium gluconate is a compound with formula MgC12H22O14.

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Magnesium hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2.

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Magnesium lactate

Magnesium lactate, the magnesium salt of lactic acid, is a mineral supplement.

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Magnesium oxide

Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide).

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Magnesium phosphate

Magnesium phosphate is a general term for salts of magnesium and phosphate appearing in several forms.

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Magnesium stearate

Magnesium stearate is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Magnesium sulfate

Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic salt with the formula MgSO4(H2O)x where 0≤x≤7.

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Magnesium trisilicate

Magnesium trisilicate is an inorganic compound that is used as a food additive.

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Malic acid

Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.

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Maltitol

Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (a polyol) used as a sugar substitute.

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Mannitol

Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol which is also used as a medication.

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Metatartaric acid

Metatartaric acid a polymeric lactone of variable composition obtained by heating tartaric acid.

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Methyl cellulose

Methyl cellulose (or methylcellulose) is a chemical compound derived from cellulose.

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Methylparaben

Methylparaben, also methyl paraben, one of the parabens, is a preservative with the chemical formula CH3(C6H4(OH)COO).

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Microcline

Microcline (KAlSi3O8) is an important igneous rock-forming tectosilicate mineral.

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Microcrystalline cellulose

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a term for refined wood pulp and is used as a texturizer, an anti-caking agent, a fat substitute, an emulsifier, an extender, and a bulking agent in food production.

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Microcrystalline wax

Microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced by de-oiling petrolatum, as part of the petroleum refining process.

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Mineral acid

A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is an acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds.

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Mineral oil

Mineral oil is any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of higher alkanes from a mineral source, particularly a distillate of petroleum.

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Mixed ammonium salts of phosphorylated glycerides

The mix of ammonium salts of phosphorylated glycerides can be either made synthetically or from mixture of glycerol and partially hardened plant (most often used: rapeseed oil) oils.

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Modified starch

Modified starch, also called starch derivatives, are prepared by physically, enzymatically, or chemically treating native starch to change its properties.

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Monensin

Monensin is a polyether antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis.

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Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471) refers to a food additive composed of diglycerides and monoglycerides which is used as an emulsifier.

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Monoammonium glutamate

Monoammonium glutamate is a compound with formula NH4C5H8NO4.

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Monocalcium citrate

Monocalcium citrate is a compound with formula C12H14CaO14.

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Monocalcium phosphate

Monocalcium phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(H2PO4)2 ("ACMP" or "CMP-A" for anhydrous monocalcium phosphate).

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Monomagnesium phosphate

Monomagnesium phosphate is one of the forms of magnesium phosphate.

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Monopotassium glutamate

Monopotassium glutamate (MPG) is a compound with formula KC5H8NO4.

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Monopotassium phosphate

Monopotassium phosphate, MKP, (also potassium dihydrogenphosphate, KDP, or monobasic potassium phosphate),, is a soluble salt of potassium and the dihydrogen phosphate ion which is used as a fertilizer, a food additive and a fungicide.

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Monosodium citrate

Monosodium citrate, more correctly, sodium dihydrogen citrate (Latin: Natrium citricum acidulatum), is an acid salt of citric acid.

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Monosodium glutamate

Monosodium glutamate (MSG, also known as sodium glutamate) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids.

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Monosodium phosphate

Monosodium phosphate (MSP), also known as monobasic sodium phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, is an inorganic compound of sodium with a dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4−) anion.

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Monosodium tartrate

Monosodium tartrate or sodium bitartrate is a sodium acid salt of tartaric acid.

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Montan wax

Montan wax, also known as lignite wax or OP wax, is a hard wax obtained by solvent extraction of certain types of lignite or brown coal.

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Montanic acid

Montanic acid is a saturated fatty acid isolated and detected mainly in montan wax.

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Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.

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Natamycin

Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections around the eye.

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Natural gum

Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing a large increase in a solution’s viscosity, even at small concentrations.

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Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, sometimes abbreviated to neohesperidin DC or simply NHDC, is an artificial sweetener derived from citrus.

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Neotame

Neotame is an artificial sweetener made by NutraSweet that is between 7,000 and 13,000 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).

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New Zealand Food Safety Authority

The New Zealand Food Safety Authority (NZFSA), or Te Pou Oranga Kai O Aotearoa, was the New Zealand government body responsible for food safety.

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Nisin

Nisin is a polycyclic antibacterial peptide produced by the bacterium Lactococcus lactis that is used as a food preservative.

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Nitrate

Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the molecular formula and a molecular mass of 62.0049 u.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen oxide may refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds.

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Nitrosyl chloride

Nitrosyl chloride is the chemical compound with the formula NOCl.

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Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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Octafluorocyclobutane

Octafluorocyclobutane, or perfluorocyclobutane, C4F8, is an organofluorine compound which enjoys several niche applications.

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Octyl gallate

Octyl gallate is the ester of 1-octanol and gallic acid.

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Oleandomycin

Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic.

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Orange GGN

Orange GGN, also known as alpha-naphthol orange, is an azo dye formerly used as a food dye.

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Orcein

Orcein, also archil, orchil, lacmus and C.I. Natural Red 28, are names for dyes extracted from several species of lichen, commonly known as "orchella weeds", found in various parts of the world.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Oxytetracycline

Oxytetracycline was the second of the broad-spectrum tetracycline group of antibiotics to be discovered.

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Packaging gas

A packaging gas is used to pack sensitive materials such as food into a modified atmosphere environment.

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Papain

Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis).

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Paprika oleoresin

Paprika oleoresin (also known as paprika extract and oleoresin paprika) is an oil-soluble extract from the fruits of Capsicum annuum or Capsicum frutescens, and is primarily used as a colouring and/or flavouring in food products.

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Paraffin wax

Paraffin wax is a white or colourless soft solid, derived from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms.

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Patent Blue V

Patent Blue V, also called Food Blue 5, Sulphan Blue, Acid Blue 3, L-Blau 3, C-Blau 20, Patentblau V, Sky Blue, or C.I. 42051 and is a dark bluish synthetic triphenylmethane dye used as a food coloring.

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Pectin

Pectin (from πηκτικός, "congealed, curdled") is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants.

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Peptide

Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.

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Perlite

Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content, typically formed by the hydration of obsidian.

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Petroleum jelly

Petroleum jelly, petrolatum, white petrolatum, soft paraffin/paraffin wax or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties.

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PH

In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

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PH indicator

A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually.

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Phenol

Phenol, also known as phenolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.

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Phosphate

A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.

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Phosphated distarch phosphate

Phosphated distarch phosphate, is a modified resistant starch.

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Phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid (also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a mineral (inorganic) and weak acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.

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Phytic acid

Phytic acid (known as inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), inositol polyphosphate, or phytate when in salt form), discovered in 1903, a saturated cyclic acid, is the principal storage form of phosphorus in many plant tissues, especially bran and seeds.

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Polydextrose

Polydextrose is a synthetic polymer of glucose.

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Polydimethylsiloxane

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are commonly referred to as silicones.

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Polyethylene

Polyethylene or polythene (abbreviated PE; IUPAC name polyethene or poly(ethylene)) is the most common plastic.

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Polyethylene glycol

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.

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Polyglycerol polyricinoleate

Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), E476, is an emulsifier made from glycerol and fatty acids (usually from castor bean, but also from soybean oil).

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Polyphosphate

Polyphosphates are salts or esters of polymeric oxyanions formed from tetrahedral PO4 (phosphate) structural units linked together by sharing oxygen atoms.

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Polysorbate

Polysorbates are a class of emulsifiers used in some pharmaceuticals and food preparation.

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Polysorbate 20

Polysorbate 20 (common commercial brand names include Scattics, Alkest TW 20 and Tween 20) is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of sorbitan before the addition of lauric acid.

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Polysorbate 80

Polysorbate 80 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier often used in foods and cosmetics.

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Polyvinyl alcohol

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer.

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Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (polyvinyl polypyrrolidone, PVPP, crospovidone, crospolividone or E1202) is a highly cross-linked modification of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).

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Polyvinylpyrrolidone

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer ''N''-vinylpyrrolidone.

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Ponceau 4R

Ponceau 4R (known by more than 100 synonyms,Abbey J, et at. Colorants. pp 459-465 in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Vol 2: Hazards and Diseases. Eds, Motarjemi Y et al. Academic Press, 2013. including as C.I. 16255,FDA. 9 November 2008. p37 Cochineal Red A, C.I. Acid Red 18, Brilliant Scarlet 3R, Brilliant Scarlet 4R, New Coccine, is a synthetic colourant that may be used as a food colouring. It is denoted by E Number E124. Its chemical name is 1-(4-sulpho-1-napthylazo)- 2-napthol- 6,8-disulphonic acid, trisodium salt. Ponceau (17th century French for "poppy-coloured") is the generic name for a family of azo dyes. Ponceau 4R is a strawberry red azo dye which can be used in a variety of food products, and is usually synthesized from aromatic hydrocarbons; it is stable to light, heat, and acid but fades in the presence of ascorbic acid. It is used in Europe, Asia and Australia, but has not been approved by the US FDA.

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Ponceau 6R

Ponceau 6R, or Crystal ponceau 6R, Crystal scarlet, Brilliant crystal scarlet 6R, Acid Red 44, or C.I. 16250, is a red azo dye.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Potassium acetate

Potassium acetate (KCH3COO) is the potassium salt of acetic acid.

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Potassium adipate

Potassium adipate is a compound with formula K2C6H8O4.

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Potassium alum

Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound: the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2.

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Potassium ascorbate

Potassium ascorbate is a compound with formula KC6H7O6.

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Potassium benzoate

Potassium benzoate (E212), the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria.

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Potassium bicarbonate

Potassium bicarbonate (also known as potassium hydrogen carbonate or potassium acid carbonate) is a colorless, odorless, slightly basic, salty substance.

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Potassium bisulfite

Potassium hydrogen sulfite or potassium bisulfite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KHSO3.

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Potassium bitartrate

Potassium bitartrate, also known as potassium hydrogen tartrate, with formula K C4 H5 O6, is a byproduct of winemaking.

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Potassium bromate

Potassium bromate (KBrO3), is a bromate of potassium and takes the form of white crystals or powder.

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Potassium carbonate

Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a white salt, which is soluble in water (insoluble in ethanol) and forms a strongly alkaline solution.

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Potassium chloride

Potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine.

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Potassium citrate

Potassium citrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula K3C6H5O7.

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Potassium ferrocyanide

Potassium ferrocyanide is the inorganic compound with formula K4·3H2O.

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Potassium fumarate

Potassium fumarate is a compound with formula K2C4H2O4.

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Potassium gluconate

Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid.

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Potassium hydroxide

Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash.

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Potassium iodate

Potassium iodate (KIO3) is a chemical compound.

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Potassium lactate

Potassium lactate is a compound with formula KC3H5O3, or H3C-CHOH-COOK.

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Potassium malate

Potassium malate is a compound with formula K2(C2H4O(COO)2).

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Potassium metabisulfite

Potassium metabisulfite, K2S2O5, also known as potassium pyrosulfite, is a white crystalline powder with a pungent sulfur odour.

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Potassium nitrate

Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO3.

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Potassium nitrite

Potassium nitrite (distinct from potassium nitrate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula 2.

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Potassium persulfate

Potassium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8.

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Potassium phosphate

Potassium phosphate is a generic term for the salts of potassium and phosphate ions including.

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Potassium propanoate

Potassium propanoate or potassium propionate has formula K(C2H5COO).

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Potassium silicate

Potassium silicate is the name for a family of inorganic compounds.

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Potassium sodium tartrate

Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, also known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.

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Potassium sorbate

Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula CH3CH.

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Potassium sulfate

Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) (in British English potassium sulphate, also called sulphate of potash, arcanite, or archaically known as potash of sulfur) is a non-flammable white crystalline salt which is soluble in water.

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Potassium sulfite

Potassium sulfite (K2SO3) is a chemical compound which is the salt of potassium cation and sulfite anion.

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Potassium tartrate

Potassium tartrate, dipotassium tartrate or argol has formula K2C4H4O6.

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Preservative

A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.

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Procaine benzylpenicillin

Procaine benzylpenicillin also known as penicillin G procaine, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Propane

Propane is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C3H8.

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Propionate

The propionate, or propanoate ion, is C2H5COO− (the conjugate base of propionic acid).

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Propionic acid

Propionic acid (from the Greek words protos, meaning "first", and pion, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula C2H5COOH.

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Propyl gallate

Propyl gallate, or propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is an ester formed by the condensation of gallic acid and propanol.

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Propylene glycol

Propylene glycol (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2.

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Propylene glycol alginate

Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) is an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener used in food products.

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Propylparaben

Propylparaben, the n-propyl ester of ''p''-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects, although it is manufactured synthetically for use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods.

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Protease

A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.

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Pullulan

Pullulan is a polysaccharide polymer consisting of maltotriose units, also known as α-1,4-;α-1,6-glucan'.

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Pyrophosphate

In chemistry, a pyrophosphate is a phosphorus oxyanion.

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Quillaia

Quillaia is the milled inner bark or small stems and branches of the soapbark (''Quillaja saponaria'', Molina).

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Quinoline Yellow WS

Quinoline Yellow WS is a mixture of organic compounds derived from the dye Quinoline Yellow SS (Spirit Soluble).

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Red 2G

Red 2G is a synthetic red azo dye.

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Rhodoxanthin

Rhodoxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment with a purple color that is found in small quantities in a variety of plants including Taxus baccata.

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Riboflavin

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Rice bran wax

Rice bran wax is the vegetable wax extracted from the bran oil of rice (Oryza sativa).

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Rosemary

Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region.

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Rosin

Rosin, also called colophony or Greek pitch (pix græca), is a solid form of resin obtained from pines and some other plants, mostly conifers, produced by heating fresh liquid resin to vaporize the volatile liquid terpene components.

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Rubixanthin

Rubixanthin, or natural yellow 27, is a natural xanthophyll pigment with a red-orange color found in rose hips.

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Saccharin

Sodium saccharin (benzoic sulfimide) is an artificial sweetener with effectively no food energy that is about 300–400 times as sweet as sucrose but has a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at high concentrations.

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Saffron

Saffron (pronounced or) is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the "saffron crocus".

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Salinomycin

Salinomycin is an antibacterial and coccidiostat ionophore therapeutic drug.

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Salt (chemistry)

In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.

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Scarlet GN

Scarlet GN, or C.I. Food Red 1, Ponceau SX, FD&C Red No.

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Seasoning

Seasoning is the process of adding salt, herbs, or spices to food to enhance the flavour.

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Sepiolite

Sepiolite, also known as meerschaum (meaning "foam of the sea") is a soft white clay mineral, often used to make tobacco pipes (known as meerschaum pipes).

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Sequestrant

A sequestrant is a food additive which improves the quality and stability of foods.

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Shellac

Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug, on trees in the forests of India and Thailand.

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Siderite

Siderite is a mineral composed of iron(II) carbonate (FeCO3).

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Silicate

In chemistry, a silicate is any member of a family of anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula, where 0 ≤ x Silicate anions are often large polymeric molecules with an extense variety of structures, including chains and rings (as in polymeric metasilicate), double chains (as in, and sheets (as in. In geology and astronomy, the term silicate is used to mean silicate minerals, ionic solids with silicate anions; as well as rock types that consist predominantly of such minerals. In that context, the term also includes the non-ionic compound silicon dioxide (silica, quartz), which would correspond to x.

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Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin silex), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Sodium acetate

Sodium acetate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc, is the sodium salt of acetic acid.

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Sodium adipate

Sodium adipate is a compound with formula Na2C6H8O4.

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Sodium aluminium phosphate

Sodium aluminium phosphate (SAlP) describes the inorganic compounds consisting of sodium salts of aluminium phosphates.

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Sodium aluminium sulfate

Sodium aluminium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O (sometimes written Na2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O).

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Sodium aluminosilicate

Sodium aluminosilicate refers to compounds which contain sodium, aluminium, silicon and oxygen, and which may also contain water.

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Sodium ascorbate

Sodium ascorbate is one of a number of mineral salts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

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Sodium benzoate

Sodium benzoate is a substance which has the chemical formula NaC7H5O2.

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Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.

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Sodium bisulfite

Sodium bisulfite (or sodium bisulphite) (sodium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NaHSO3.

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Sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals, and in the monohydrate form as crystal carbonate) is the water-soluble sodium salt of carbonic acid.

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Sodium citrate

Sodium citrate may refer to any of the sodium salts of citrate (though most commonly the third).

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Sodium croscarmellose

Sodium croscarmellose, or croscarmellose sodium, is an internally cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose for use as a superdisintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations.

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Sodium cyclamate

Sodium cyclamate (sweetener code 952) is an artificial sweetener.

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Sodium dehydroacetate

Sodium dehydroacetate is a compound with the formula Na(CH3C5HO(O2)(CH3)CO).

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Sodium diacetate

Sodium diacetate is a compound with formula.

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Sodium dodecyl sulfate

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), synonymously sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), or sodium laurilsulfate, is a synthetic organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11SO4 Na.

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Sodium erythorbate

Sodium erythorbate (C6H7NaO6) is a food additive used predominantly in meats, poultry, and soft drinks.

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Sodium ferrocyanide

Sodium ferrocyanide is the sodium salt of the coordination compound of formula 4−.

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Sodium formate

Sodium formate, HCOONa, is the sodium salt of formic acid, HCOOH.

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Sodium fumarate

Sodium fumarate, also called disodium fumarate, is a compound with the molecular formula Na2C4H2O4.

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Sodium gluconate

Sodium gluconate is a compound with formula NaC6H11O7.

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Sodium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions. Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·n. The monohydrate NaOH· crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, it is frequently utilized alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand was 51 million tonnes.

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Sodium lactate

Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid, and has a mild saline taste.

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Sodium malate

Sodium malate is a compound with formula Na2(C2H4O(COO)2).

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Sodium metabisulfite

Sodium metabisulfite or sodium pyrosulfite (IUPAC spelling; Br. E. sodium metabisulphite or sodium pyrosulphite) is an inorganic compound of chemical formula Na2S2O5.

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Sodium metasilicate

Sodium metasilicate is the chemical substance with formula, which is the main component of commercial sodium silicate solutions.

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Sodium methylparaben

Sodium methylparaben (sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) is a compound with formula Na(CH3(C6H4COO)O).

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Sodium nitrate

Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3.

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Sodium nitrite

Sodium nitrite is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2.

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Sodium orthophenyl phenol

Sodium orthophenyl phenol is a compound used as a disinfectant.

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Sodium phosphates

Sodium phosphate is a generic term for a variety of salts of sodium (Na+) and phosphate (PO43−).

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Sodium propionate

Sodium propanoate or sodium propionate is the sodium salt of propionic acid which has the chemical formula Na(C2H5COO).

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Sodium sesquicarbonate

Sodium sesquicarbonate (Systematic name trisodium hydrogendicarbonate) Na3H(CO3)2 is a double salt of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, and has a needle-like crystal structure.

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Sodium silicate

Sodium silicate is a generic name for chemical compounds with the formula or ·, such as sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, and sodium pyrosilicate.

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Sodium sorbate

Sodium sorbate is the sodium salt of sorbic acid.

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Sodium stearoyl lactylate

Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (sodium stearoyl lactylate or SSL) is a versatile, FDA approved food additive used to improve the mix tolerance and volume of processed foods.

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Sodium sulfate

Sodium sulfate, also known as sulfate of soda, is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates.

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Sodium sulfite

Sodium sulfite (sodium sulphite) is a soluble sodium salt of sulfurous acid (sulfite) with the chemical formula Na2SO3.

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Sodium tartrate

Sodium tartrate (Na2C4H4O6) is used as an emulsifier and a binding agent in food products such as jellies, margarine, and sausage casings.

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Sodium thiosulfate

Sodium thiosulfate (sodium thiosulphate) is a chemical and medication.

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Sodium triphosphate

Sodium triphosphate (STP), also sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), or tripolyphosphate (TPP)) is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10. It is the sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion, which is the conjugate base of triphosphoric acid. It is produced on a large scale as a component of many domestic and industrial products, especially detergents. Environmental problems associated with eutrophication are attributed to its widespread use.

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Sorbic acid

Sorbic acid, or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative.

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Sorbitan monolaurate

Sorbitan monolaurate is a mixture of esters formed from the fatty acid lauric acid and polyols derived from sorbitol, including sorbitan and isosorbide.

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Sorbitan monostearate

Sorbitan monostearate is an ester of sorbitan (a sorbitol derivative) and stearic acid and is sometimes referred to as a synthetic wax.

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Sorbitan tristearate

Sorbitan tristearate is a nonionic surfactant.

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Sorbitol

Sorbitol, less commonly known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly.

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Spermaceti

Spermaceti (from Greek sperma meaning "seed", and ceti, the genitive form of "whale") is a waxy substance found in the head cavities of the sperm whale (and, in smaller quantities, in the oils of other whales).

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Spiramycin

Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues.

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Stabiliser (food)

A stabiliser is an additive to food which helps to preserve its structure.

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Stearate

Stearates are the salts and esters of stearic acid.

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Stearic acid

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid.

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Stearyl palmityl tartrate

Stearyl palmityl tartrate is a derivative of tartaric acid used as an emulsifier.

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Steviol glycoside

Steviol glycosides are the chemical compounds responsible for the sweet taste of the leaves of the South American plant Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae) and the main ingredients (or precursors) of many sweeteners marketed under the generic name stevia and several trade names.

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Succinic acid

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.

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Sucralose

Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute.

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Sucrase

Sucrase is a digestive enzyme secreted in the small intestine.

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Sucrose acetate isobutyrate

Sucrose acetoisobutyrate (SAIB) is an emulsifier and has E number E444.

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Sugar substitute

A sugar substitute is a food additive that provides a sweet taste like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy.

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Sulfate

The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.

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Sulfite

Sulfites or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion (or the sulfate(IV) ion, from its correct systematic name),.

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.

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Sunset Yellow FCF

Sunset Yellow FCF (also known as Orange Yellow S, or C.I. 15985) is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH dependent maximum absorption at about 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13 with a shoulder at 500 nm.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Talc

Talc or talcum is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2.

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Tannic acid

Tannic acid is a specific form of tannin, a type of polyphenol.

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Tannin

Tannins (or tannoids) are a class of astringent, polyphenolic biomolecules that bind to and precipitate proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids.

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Tara spinosa

Tara spinosa, commonly known as tara (Quechua), is a small leguminous tree or thorny shrub native to Peru.

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Tartaric acid

Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds and citrus.

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Tartrate

A tartrate is a salt or ester of the organic compound tartaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid.

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Tartrazine

Tartrazine is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye primarily used as a food coloring.

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Tert-Butylhydroquinone

tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ, tertiary butylhydroquinone) is a synthetic aromatic organic compound which is a type of phenol.

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Tetracycline antibiotics

Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics whose general usefulness has been reduced with the onset of antibiotic resistance.

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Tetrasodium pyrophosphate

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is a colorless transparent crystalline chemical compound with the formula Na4P2O7.

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Thaumatin

Thaumatin is a low-calorie sweetener and flavour modifier.

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Thickening agent

A thickening agent or thickener is a substance which can increase the viscosity of a liquid without substantially changing its other properties.

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Tiabendazole

Tiabendazole (INN, BAN), thiabendazole (AAN, USAN), TBZ (and the trade names Mintezol, Tresaderm, and Arbotect) is a fungicide and parasiticide.

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Tin(II) chloride

Tin(II) chloride, also known as stannous chloride, is a white crystalline solid with the formula 2.

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Titanium dioxide

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula.

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Tocopherol

Tocopherols (TCP) are a class of organic chemical compounds (more precisely, various methylated phenols), many of which have vitamin E activity.

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Tragacanth

Tragacanth is a natural gum obtained from the dried sap of several species of Middle Eastern legumes of the genus Astragalus, including A. adscendens, A. gummifer, A. brachycalyx, and A. tragacantha.

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Triacetin

The triglyceride 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as triacetin and glycerin triacetate.

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Tricalcium phosphate

Tricalcium phosphate (sometimes abbreviated TCP) is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2.

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Triethyl citrate

Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid.

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Tripotassium phosphate

Tripotassium phosphate, also called potassium phosphate tribasic, is a water-soluble ionic salt which has the chemical formula K3PO4.

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Trisodium citrate

Trisodium citrate has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7.

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Trisodium phosphate

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na3PO4.

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Turmeric

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial flowering plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae.

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Tylosin

Tylosin is an antibiotic and a bacteriostatic feed additive used in veterinary medicine.

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Urea

Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.

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Vermiculite

Vermiculite is a hydrous phyllosilicate mineral.

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Violaxanthin

Violaxanthin is a natural xanthophyll pigment with an orange color found in a variety of plants including pansies.

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Virginiamycin

Virginiamycin is a streptogramin antibiotic similar to pristinamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin.

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Vitamin C

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Wax

Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.

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Wax ester

A wax ester (WE) is an ester of a fatty acid and a fatty alcohol.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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Xanthan gum

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive.

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Xylitol

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener.

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Yellow 2G

Yellow 2G is a food coloring denoted by E number E107.

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Zeaxanthin

Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature.

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Zinc acetate

Zinc acetate is a salt with the formula Zn(O2CCH3)2, which commonly occurs as the dihydrate Zn(O2CCH3)2(H2O)2.

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1,3-Butanediol

1,3-Butanediol (also known as 1,3-butylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, or 1,3-dihydroxybutane) is an organic chemical, a diol.

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2-Phenylphenol

2-Phenylphenol, or o-phenylphenol, is an organic compound that consists of two linked benzene rings and a phenolic hydroxyl group.

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Clean label, E Number, E numbers, E-number, E-numbers, EU food additive code, Enumber, Enumbers, European food additive, Food additive code, List of E Numbers, List of food additives in EU form, Possible Allergic Reaction.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_number

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