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Earthquake engineering

Index Earthquake engineering

Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind. [1]

220 relations: Absorption (acoustics), Abutment, Acceleration, Active fault, Active vibration control, Actuator, Adobe, Analogy, Applied physics, Ashlar, Attic, Base isolation, Beam (structure), Beams, Beehive (New Zealand), Bill Robinson (scientist), Bond (finance), Bridge, Brittleness, Buckle, Building, Building code, California Department of Transportation, Cantilever, Carapace, Chemical engineering, Civil engineering, Cold welding, Colosseum, Column, Company, Compression member, Compressive stress, Concrete, Configuration (geometry), Consolidation (soil), Construction, Construction management, Cornell University, Coulomb damping, CRC Press, Damping ratio, Design, Diaphragm (structural system), Dissipator (building design), Ductility, Dynamics (mechanics), Earthquake, Earthquake engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, ..., Earthquake insurance, Earthquake shaking table, Earthquake-resistant structures, Economics, Elasticity (economics), Emergency management, Engineer, Engineered wood, Epicenter, Facade, Failure cause, Fastener, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Feedback, Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant, Fiber, Finance, Flexural strength, Foothills, Framing (construction), Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Gender of connectors and fasteners, Geotechnical engineering, Gravity, Gravity wave, Grout, High-rise building, Hinge, History of the Incas, Infrastructure, Insurance, Integrity, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Internet2, Inundation, Japan, Landfill, Landslide, Lehigh University, Limestone, Limit state design, Liquefaction, List of international earthquake acceleration coefficients, List of Japanese nuclear incidents, Los Altos, California, Masonry, Masonry veneer, Mechanical engineering, Metallic roller bearing, Moment-resisting frame, Mortar (masonry), Mortar joint, Mudbrick, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, NanoHUB, National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, National Science Foundation, Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation, Nominalism, Nonbuilding structure, Nonlinear system, Nuclear power plant, Nuclear reactor, OpenSees, Oregon State University, Pasargadae, Pattern, Peak ground acceleration, Pendulum, Peru, Pier, Plywood, Political science, Pressure, Prestressed concrete, Prestressed structure, Probabilistic risk assessment, Purdue University, Quality control, Rebar, Reinforced concrete, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Resonance, Response spectrum, Safety, Salt Lake City and County Building, Sand, Sandstone, Santa Monica, California, Scale factor, Security, Seismic analysis, Seismic hazard, Seismic intensity scales, Seismic loading, Seismic magnitude scales, Seismic response of landfill, Seismic retrofit, Seismic site effects, Seismic wave, Seismology, Serviceability (structure), Shear strength, Shear wall, Shotcrete, Silt, Similitude (model), Skyscraper, Slope stability, Social science, Sociology, Soft story building, Soil liquefaction, Soil structure interaction, Spectral acceleration, Spillway, State University of New York, Statics, Stick-slip phenomenon, Stiffness, Strength of materials, Stress (mechanics), Structural dynamics, Structural engineering, Structural load, Structural rigidity, Structural stability, Structural steel, Structural system, Substructure, Sumatra, Superstructure, Taipei 101, Tendon, Timber framing, Tokyo, Total economic value, Transient (oscillation), Tremor, Trial and error, Tsunami, Tuned mass damper, Tunnel, Typhoon, University at Buffalo, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Davis, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, San Diego, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, University of Minnesota, University of Nevada, Reno, University of Texas at Austin, Urban area, Utah, Vibration control, Well-being, Wellington, Wind, Wind wave, Wythe, 1933 Long Beach earthquake, 1964 Niigata earthquake, 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake, 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1994 Northridge earthquake, 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, 2008 Sichuan earthquake, 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Expand index (170 more) »

Absorption (acoustics)

Acoustic absorption refers to the process by which a material, structure, or object takes in sound energy when sound waves are encountered, as opposed to reflecting the energy.

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Abutment

In engineering, abutment refers to the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam whereon the structure's superstructure rests or contacts.

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Acceleration

In physics, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.

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Active fault

An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future.

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Active vibration control

Active vibration control is the active application of force in an equal and opposite fashion to the forces imposed by external vibration.

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Actuator

An actuator is a component of a machine that is responsible for moving and controlling a mechanism or system, for example by opening a valve.

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Adobe

Adobe is a building material made from earth and other organic materials.

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Analogy

Analogy (from Greek ἀναλογία, analogia, "proportion", from ana- "upon, according to" + logos "ratio") is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analog, or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process.

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Applied physics

Applied physics is intended for a particular technological or practical use.

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Ashlar

Ashlar is finely dressed (cut, worked) stone, either an individual stone that has been worked until squared or the structure built of it.

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Attic

An attic (sometimes referred to as a loft) is a space found directly below the pitched roof of a house or other building; an attic may also be called a sky parlor or a garret.

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Base isolation

Base isolation, also known as seismic base isolation or base isolation system, is one of the most popular means of protecting a structure against earthquake forces.

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Beam (structure)

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis.

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Beams

Beams is a Japanese clothing brand, established in 1976 in Harajuku district of Tokyo, whose chief executive officer (CEO) is Yo Shitara.

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Beehive (New Zealand)

The Beehive is the common name for the Executive Wing of the New Zealand Parliament Buildings, located at the corner of Molesworth Street and Lambton Quay, Wellington.

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Bill Robinson (scientist)

William Henry Robinson (2 October 1938 – 17 August 2011) was a New Zealand scientist and seismic engineer who invented the lead rubber bearing (LRB) seismic isolation device.

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Bond (finance)

In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders.

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Bridge

A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle.

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Brittleness

# A material is brittle if, when subjected to stress, it breaks without significant plastic deformation.

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Buckle

The buckle or clasp is a device used for fastening two loose ends, with one end attached to it and the other held by a catch in a secure but adjustable manner.

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Building

A building, or edifice, is a structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory.

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Building code

A building code (also building control or building regulations) is a set of rules that specify the standards for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures.

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California Department of Transportation

The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) is an executive department of the US state of California.

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Cantilever

A cantilever is a rigid structural element, such as a beam or a plate, anchored at one end to a (usually vertical) support from which it protrudes; this connection could also be perpendicular to a flat, vertical surface such as a wall.

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Carapace

A carapace is a dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises.

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Chemical engineering

Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics and economics to efficiently use, produce, transform, and transport chemicals, materials and energy.

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Civil engineering

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, and railways.

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Cold welding

Cold welding or contact welding is a solid-state welding process in which joining takes place without fusion/heating at the interface of the two parts to be welded.

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Colosseum

The Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium; Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy.

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Column

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.

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Company

A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity made up of an association of people for carrying on a commercial or industrial enterprise.

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Compression member

Compression members are structural elements that are pushed together or carry a load, more technically they are subjected only to axial compressive forces.

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Compressive stress

In long, slender structural elements — such as columns or truss bars — an increase of compressive force F leads to structural failure due to buckling at lower stress than the compressive strength.

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Concrete

Concrete, usually Portland cement concrete, is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens over time—most frequently a lime-based cement binder, such as Portland cement, but sometimes with other hydraulic cements, such as a calcium aluminate cement.

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Configuration (geometry)

In mathematics, specifically projective geometry, a configuration in the plane consists of a finite set of points, and a finite arrangement of lines, such that each point is incident to the same number of lines and each line is incident to the same number of points.

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Consolidation (soil)

Consolidation refers to the process by which soils change volume in response to a change in pressure.

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Construction

Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure.

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Construction management

Construction Project Management (CM) is a professional service that uses specialized, project management techniques to oversee the planning, design, and construction of a project, from its beginning to its end.

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Cornell University

Cornell University is a private and statutory Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York.

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Coulomb damping

Coulomb damping is a type of constant mechanical damping in which energy is absorbed via sliding friction.

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CRC Press

The CRC Press, LLC is a publishing group based in the United States that specializes in producing technical books.

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Damping ratio

Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing, restricting or preventing its oscillations.

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Design

Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object, system or measurable human interaction (as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawings, business processes, circuit diagrams, and sewing patterns).

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Diaphragm (structural system)

In structural engineering, a diaphragm is a structural element that transmits lateral loads to the vertical resisting elements of a structure (such as shear walls or frames).

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Dissipator (building design)

A dissipator is a device mounted among some sections of a building to reduce strains during an earthquake by slowing down the shaking of the building.

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Ductility

Ductility is a measure of a material's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, which may be expressed as percent elongation or percent area reduction from a tensile test.

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Dynamics (mechanics)

Dynamics is the branch of applied mathematics (specifically classical mechanics) concerned with the study of forces and torques and their effect on motion, as opposed to kinematics, which studies the motion of objects without reference to these forces.

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Earthquake

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

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Earthquake engineering

Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind.

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Earthquake Engineering Research Institute

The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) is a leading technical society in dissemination of earthquake risk and earthquake engineering research both in the U.S. and globally.

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Earthquake insurance

Earthquake insurance is a form of property insurance that pays the policyholder in the event of an earthquake that causes damage to the property.

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Earthquake shaking table

There are several different experimental techniques that can be used to test the response of structures and soil or rock slopes to verify their seismic performance, one of which is the use of an earthquake shaking table (a shaking table, or simply shake table).

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Earthquake-resistant structures

Earthquake-resistant structures are structures designed to protect buildings from earthquakes.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Elasticity (economics)

In economics, elasticity is the measurement of how an economic variable responds to a change in another.

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Emergency management

Emergency management or disaster management is the organization and management of the resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies (preparedness, response, and recovery).

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Engineer

Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are people who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost.

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Engineered wood

Engineered wood, also called composite wood, man-made wood, or manufactured board, includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the strands, particles, fibres, or veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives, or other methods of fixation to form composite materials.

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Epicenter

The epicenter, epicentre or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.

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Facade

A facade (also façade) is generally one exterior side of a building, usually, but not always, the front.

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Failure cause

Failure causes are defects in design, process, quality, or part application, which are the underlying cause of a failure or which initiate a process which leads to failure.

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Fastener

A fastener (US English) or fastening (UK English) is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.

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Federal Emergency Management Agency

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security, initially created by Presidential Reorganization Plan No.

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Feedback

Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.

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Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant

The Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant is located in the Fessenheim commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in northeastern France, north east of the Mulhouse urban area, within of the border with Germany, and approximately from Switzerland.

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Fiber

Fiber or fibre (see spelling differences, from the Latin fibra) is a natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide.

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Finance

Finance is a field that is concerned with the allocation (investment) of assets and liabilities (known as elements of the balance statement) over space and time, often under conditions of risk or uncertainty.

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Flexural strength

Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test.

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Foothills

Foothills are geographically defined as gradual increase in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area.

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Framing (construction)

Framing, in construction, is the fitting together of pieces to give a structure support and shape.

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Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster

The was an energy accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima Prefecture, initiated primarily by the tsunami following the Tōhoku earthquake on 11 March 2011.

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Gender of connectors and fasteners

In electrical and mechanical trades and manufacturing, each half of a pair of mating connectors or fasteners is conventionally assigned the designation male or female.

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Geotechnical engineering

Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials.

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Gravity

Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.

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Gravity wave

In fluid dynamics, gravity waves are waves generated in a fluid medium or at the interface between two media when the force of gravity or buoyancy tries to restore equilibrium.

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Grout

Grout is a fluid form of concrete used to fill gaps.

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High-rise building

A high-rise building is a tall building, as opposed to a low-rise building and is defined by its height differently in various jurisdictions.

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Hinge

A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects, typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them.

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History of the Incas

The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cusco before 1438.

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Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or other area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function.

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Insurance

Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss.

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Integrity

Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles, or moral uprightness.

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International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology

International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), founded by Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany, is an international earthquake engineering and seismology institute based in Iran.

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Internet2

Internet2 is a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government.

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Inundation

Inundation (from the Latin inundatio, flood) is both the act of intentionally flooding land that would otherwise remain dry, for military, agricultural, or river-management purposes, and the result of such an act.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Landfill

A landfill site (also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump or dumping ground and historically as a midden) is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial.

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Landslide

The term landslide or, less frequently, landslip, refers to several forms of mass wasting that include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows and debris flows.

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Lehigh University

Lehigh University is an American private research university in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

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Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.

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Limit state design

Limit state design (LSD), also known as load and resistance factor design (LRFD), refers to a design method used in structural engineering.

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Liquefaction

In materials science, liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics.

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List of international earthquake acceleration coefficients

List of international earthquake acceleration coefficients.

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List of Japanese nuclear incidents

This is a list of Japanese atomic, nuclear and radiological accidents, incidents and disasters.

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Los Altos, California

Los Altos is a city in Santa Clara County, California, in northern Silicon Valley, in the San Francisco Bay Area.

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Masonry

Masonry is the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and bound together by mortar; the term masonry can also refer to the units themselves.

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Masonry veneer

Masonry veneer walls consist of a single non-structural external layer of masonry, typically made of brick, stone or manufactured stone.

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Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies engineering, physics, engineering mathematics, and materials science principles to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems.

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Metallic roller bearing

A metallic roller bearing is a base isolation device which is intended for protection of various building and non-building structures against potentially damaging lateral impacts of strong earthquakes.

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Moment-resisting frame

Moment-resisting frame is a rectilinear assemblage of beams and columns, with the beams rigidly connected to the columns.

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Mortar (masonry)

Mortar is a workable paste used to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units together, fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, and sometimes add decorative colors or patterns in masonry walls.

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Mortar joint

In masonry, mortar joints are the spaces between bricks, concrete blocks, or glass blocks, that are filled with mortar or grout.

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Mudbrick

A mudbrick or mud-brick is a brick, made of a mixture of loam, mud, sand and water mixed with a binding material such as rice husks or straw.

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Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is New Zealand's national museum, located in Wellington.

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NanoHUB

nanoHUB.org is a science and engineering gateway comprising community-contributed resources and geared toward educational applications, professional networking, and interactive simulation tools for nanotechnology.

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National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering

National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) is an organisation found in Taipei, Taiwan.

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National Science Foundation

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering.

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Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation

The George E. Brown, Jr.

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Nominalism

In metaphysics, nominalism is a philosophical view which denies the existence of universals and abstract objects, but affirms the existence of general or abstract terms and predicates.

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Nonbuilding structure

A nonbuilding structure, also referred to simply as a structure, refers to any body or system of connected parts used to support a load that was not designed for continuous human occupancy.

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Nonlinear system

In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.

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Nuclear power plant

A nuclear power plant or nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.

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Nuclear reactor

A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction.

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OpenSees

OpenSees, the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation, is an object-oriented, software framework created at the -sponsored Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center.

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Oregon State University

Oregon State University (OSU) is an international, public research university in the northwest United States, located in Corvallis, Oregon.

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Pasargadae

Pasargadae (from Πασαργάδαι, from Old Persian Pāθra-gadā, "protective club" or "strong club"; Modern Persian: پاسارگاد Pāsārgād) was the capital of the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great who had issued its construction (559–530 BC); it was also the location of his tomb.

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Pattern

A pattern is a discernible regularity in the world or in a manmade design.

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Peak ground acceleration

Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to the maximum ground acceleration that occurred during earthquake shaking at a location.

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Pendulum

A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely.

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Peru

Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

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Pier

Seaside pleasure pier in Brighton, England. The first seaside piers were built in England in the early 19th century. A pier is a raised structure in a body of water, typically supported by well-spaced piles or pillars.

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Plywood

Plywood is a sheet material manufactured from thin layers or "plies" of wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers having their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one another.

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Political science

Political science is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, and political behavior.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

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Prestressed concrete

Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction which is "pre-stressed" by being placed under compression prior to supporting any loads beyond its own dead weight.

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Prestressed structure

A prestressed structure is one whose overall integrity, stability and security depend, primarily, on prestressing: the intentional creation of permanent stresses in the structure for the purpose of improving its performance under various service conditions.

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Probabilistic risk assessment

Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is a systematic and comprehensive methodology to evaluate risks associated with a complex engineered technological entity (such as an airliner or a nuclear power plant) or the effects of stressors on the environment (Probabilistic Environmental Risk Assessment - PERA) for example.

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Purdue University

Purdue University is a public research university in West Lafayette, Indiana and is the flagship campus of the Purdue University system.

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Quality control

Quality control, or QC for short, is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production.

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Rebar

Rebar (short for reinforcing bar), collectively known as reinforcing steel and reinforcement steel, is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used as a tension device in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and hold the concrete in compression.

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Reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete (RC) (also called reinforced cement concrete or RCC) is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.

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Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or RPI, is a private research university and space-grant institution located in Troy, New York, with two additional campuses in Hartford and Groton, Connecticut.

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Resonance

In physics, resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies.

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Response spectrum

A response spectrum is a plot of the peak or steady-state response (displacement, velocity or acceleration) of a series of oscillators of varying natural frequency, that are forced into motion by the same base vibration or shock.

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Safety

Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf), the condition of being protected from harm or other non-desirable outcomes.

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Salt Lake City and County Building

The Salt Lake City and County Building, usually called the "City-County Building", is the seat of government for Salt Lake City, Utah.

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Sand

Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.

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Sandstone

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) mineral particles or rock fragments.

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Santa Monica, California

Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States.

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Scale factor

A scale factor is a number which scales, or multiplies, some quantity.

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Security

Security is freedom from, or resilience against, potential harm (or other unwanted coercive change) from external forces.

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Seismic analysis

Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building (or nonbuilding) structure to earthquakes.

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Seismic hazard

A seismic hazard is the probability that an earthquake will occur in a given geographic area, within a given window of time, and with ground motion intensity exceeding a given threshold.

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Seismic intensity scales

Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake.

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Seismic loading

Seismic loading is one of the basic concepts of earthquake engineering which means application of an earthquake-generated agitation to a structure.

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Seismic magnitude scales

Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake.

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Seismic response of landfill

Solid waste landfills can be affected by seismic activity.

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Seismic retrofit

Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes.

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Seismic site effects

Seismic site effects are related to the amplification of seismic waves in surficial geological layers.

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Seismic wave

Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth's layers, and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, large landslides and large man-made explosions that give out low-frequency acoustic energy.

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Seismology

Seismology (from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies.

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Serviceability (structure)

In civil engineering, serviceability refers to the conditions under which a building is still considered useful.

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Shear strength

In engineering, shear strength is the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure where the material or component fails in shear.

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Shear wall

In structural engineering, a shear wall is a structural system composed of braced panels (also known as shear panels) to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.

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Shotcrete

Shotcrete, gunite or sprayed concrete is concrete or mortar conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface, as a construction technique.

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Silt

Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar.

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Similitude (model)

Similitude is a concept applicable to the testing of engineering models.

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Skyscraper

A skyscraper is a continuously habitable high-rise building that has over 40 floors and is taller than approximately.

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Slope stability

Slope stability is the potential of soil covered slopes to withstand and undergo movement.

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Social science

Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

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Sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.

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Soft story building

A soft story building is a multi-story building in which one or more floors have windows, wide doors, large unobstructed commercial spaces, or other openings in places where a shear wall would normally be required for stability as a matter of earthquake engineering design.

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Soil liquefaction

Soil liquefaction describes a phenomenon whereby a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, usually earthquake shaking or other sudden change in stress condition, causing it to behave like a liquid.

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Soil structure interaction

Most of the civil engineering structures involve some type of structural element with direct contact with ground.

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Spectral acceleration

Spectral acceleration (SA) is a unit measured in g (the acceleration due to Earth's gravity, equivalent to g-force) that describes the maximum acceleration in an earthquake on an object – specifically a damped, harmonic oscillator moving in one physical dimension.

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Spillway

A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or levee into a downstream area, typically the riverbed of the dammed river itself.

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State University of New York

The State University of New York (SUNY) is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York, United States.

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Statics

Statics is the branch of mechanics that is concerned with the analysis of loads (force and torque, or "moment") acting on physical systems that do not experience an acceleration (a.

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Stick-slip phenomenon

The stick-slip phenomenon, also known as the slip-stick phenomenon or simply stick-slip, is the spontaneous jerking motion that can occur while two objects are sliding over each other.

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Stiffness

Stiffness is the rigidity of an object — the extent to which it resists deformation in response to an applied force.

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Strength of materials

Strength of materials, also called mechanics of materials, is a subject which deals with the behavior of solid objects subject to stresses and strains.

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Stress (mechanics)

In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material.

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Structural dynamics

Structural analysis is mainly concerned with finding out the behavior of a physical structure when subjected to force.

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Structural engineering

Structural engineering is that part of civil engineering in which structural engineers are educated to create the 'bones and muscles' that create the form and shape of man made structures.

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Structural load

Structural loads or actions are forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to a structure or its components.

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Structural rigidity

In discrete geometry and mechanics, structural rigidity is a combinatorial theory for predicting the flexibility of ensembles formed by rigid bodies connected by flexible linkages or hinges.

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Structural stability

In mathematics, structural stability is a fundamental property of a dynamical system which means that the qualitative behavior of the trajectories is unaffected by small perturbations (to be exact ''C''1-small perturbations).

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Structural steel

Structural steel is a category of steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes.

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Structural system

The term structural system or structural frame in structural engineering refers to the load-resisting sub-system of a building or object.

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Substructure

In mathematical logic, an (induced) substructure or (induced) subalgebra is a structure whose domain is a subset of that of a bigger structure, and whose functions and relations are the traces of the functions and relations of the bigger structure.

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Sumatra

Sumatra is an Indonesian island in Southeast Asia that is part of the Sunda Islands.

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Superstructure

A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline.

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Taipei 101

The Taipei 101 / TAIPEI 101, formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center – is a landmark supertall skyscraper in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan.

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Tendon

A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.

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Timber framing

Timber framing and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs.

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Tokyo

, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.

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Total economic value

Total economic value (TEV) is a concept in cost–benefit analysis that refers to the value derived by people from a natural resource, a man-made heritage resource or an infrastructure system, compared to not having it.

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Transient (oscillation)

A transient event is a short-lived burst of energy in a system caused by a sudden change of state.

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Tremor

A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts.

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Trial and error

Trial and error is a fundamental method of problem solving.

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Tsunami

A tsunami (from 津波, "harbour wave"; English pronunciation) or tidal wave, also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.

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Tuned mass damper

A tuned mass damper, also known as a harmonic absorber or seismic damper, is a device mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations.

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Tunnel

A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end.

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Typhoon

A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere.

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University at Buffalo

The State University of New York at Buffalo is a public research university with campuses in Buffalo and Amherst, New York, United States.

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University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.

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University of California, Davis

The University of California, Davis (also referred to as UCD, UC Davis, or Davis), is a public research university and land-grant university as well as one of the 10 campuses of the University of California (UC) system.

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University of California, Los Angeles

The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, United States.

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University of California, San Diego

The University of California, San Diego is a public research university located in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California, in the United States.

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University of California, Santa Barbara

The University of California, Santa Barbara (commonly referred to as UC Santa Barbara or UCSB) is a public research university and one of the 10 campuses of the University of California system.

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University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

The University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign (also known as U of I, Illinois, or colloquially as the University of Illinois or UIUC) is a public research university in the U.S. state of Illinois and the flagship institution of the University of Illinois System.

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University of Minnesota

The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (often referred to as the University of Minnesota, Minnesota, the U of M, UMN, or simply the U) is a public research university in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota.

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University of Nevada, Reno

The University of Nevada, Reno (also referred to as Nevada, the University of Nevada or UNR) is a public research university located in Reno, Nevada.

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University of Texas at Austin

The University of Texas at Austin (UT, UT Austin, or Texas) is a public research university and the flagship institution of the University of Texas System.

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Urban area

An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment.

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Utah

Utah is a state in the western United States.

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Vibration control

In earthquake engineering, vibration control is a set of technical means aimed to mitigate seismic impacts in building and non-building structures.

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Well-being

Well-being, wellbeing, or wellness is a general term for the condition of an individual or group.

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Wellington

Wellington (Te Whanganui-a-Tara) is the capital city and second most populous urban area of New Zealand, with residents.

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Wind

Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale.

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Wind wave

In fluid dynamics, wind waves, or wind-generated waves, are surface waves that occur on the free surface of bodies of water (like oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, canals, puddles or ponds).

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Wythe

A wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness.

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1933 Long Beach earthquake

The 1933 Long Beach earthquake took place on March 10 at south of downtown Los Angeles.

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1964 Niigata earthquake

The 1964 Niigata earthquake struck at 13:01 local time (04:01 UTC) on 16 June with a magnitude of 7.5 or 7.6.

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1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake

The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake occurred in the southern San Gabriel Valley and surrounding communities of southern California at on October 1.

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1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in Northern California on October 17 at local time (1989-10-18 00:04 UTC).

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1994 Northridge earthquake

The 1994 Northridge earthquake occurred on January 17, at 4:30:55 a.m. PST and had its epicenter in Reseda, a neighborhood in the north-central San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California, USA.

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2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

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2008 Sichuan earthquake

The 2008 Sichuan earthquakeSome early Western reports used the term Chengdu quake; e.g.,,, etc.

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2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

The was a magnitude 9.0–9.1 (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday 11 March 2011, with the epicentre approximately east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately.

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Anti-seismic, Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake construction, Earthquake engineer, Earthquake engineering research, Earthquake retrofitting, Earthquake standards, Earthquake-resistant, Reinforced masonry, Seismic Resistance, Seismic architecture, Seismic engineering, Seismic resistance.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_engineering

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