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Flight dynamics (fixed-wing aircraft)

Index Flight dynamics (fixed-wing aircraft)

Flight dynamics is the science of air vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions. [1]

104 relations: Acceleration, Acronyms and abbreviations in avionics, Aerodynamic center, Aerodynamic force, Aeronautics, Aerospace engineering, Aircraft, Aircraft dynamic modes, Aircraft flight control system, Aircraft flight mechanics, Aircraft principal axes, Airplane, Angle of attack, Angle of rotation, Angular momentum, Autopilot, Boundary layer, Cartesian coordinate system, Center of mass, Centripetal force, Characteristic polynomial, Compressible flow, Control system, Course (navigation), Crosswind landing, Damping ratio, Derivative, Differential equation, Dimension, Directional stability, Drag (physics), Drag coefficient, Dutch roll, Dynamic positioning, Dynamic pressure, East, Empennage, Euler angles, Exponential growth, Fixed-wing aircraft, Flap (aeronautics), Flight control surfaces, Force, Friction, Gas constant, Helicopter dynamics, Hypersonic speed, Impulse (physics), In-phase and quadrature components, Incompressible flow, ..., Inertial frame of reference, JSBSim, Knudsen number, Landing gear, Lift (force), Lift coefficient, List of gear nomenclature, Longitudinal static stability, Mach number, Mass, Mean free path, Moment (physics), Moment of inertia, Mu (letter), Newton's laws of motion, North, Phugoid, Pilot-induced oscillation, Pitching moment, Prandtl–Glauert singularity, Pressure, Pressure coefficient, Princeton University Press, Propeller (aeronautics), Quaternion, Reynolds number, Right-hand rule, Rigid body, Rigid body dynamics, Rotation matrix, Ryan Navion, Sailing, Ship motions, Simple harmonic motion, Slip (aerodynamics), Sound, Spherical coordinate system, Stability derivatives, Standard gravity, Static margin, Steady flight, Stiffness, Supersonic speed, Takeoff, Temperature, Thrust, Thrust vectoring, Transonic, Viscosity, Weather vane, Weathervane effect, Weight, Wing, Yaw (rotation). Expand index (54 more) »

Acceleration

In physics, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.

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Acronyms and abbreviations in avionics

This is a list of the acronyms and abbreviations used in avionics.

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Aerodynamic center

The torques or moments acting on an airfoil moving through a fluid can be accounted for by the net lift and net drag applied at some point on the airfoil, and a separate net pitching moment about that point whose magnitude varies with the choice of where the lift is chosen to be applied.

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Aerodynamic force

The aerodynamic force is the force exerted on a body by the air (or some other gas) in which the body is immersed, and is due to the relative motion between the body and the gas.

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Aeronautics

Aeronautics (from the ancient Greek words ὰήρ āēr, which means "air", and ναυτική nautikē which means "navigation", i.e. "navigation into the air") is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere.

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Aerospace engineering

Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft.

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Aircraft

An aircraft is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.

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Aircraft dynamic modes

The dynamic stability of an aircraft refers to how the aircraft behaves after it has been disturbed following steady non-oscillating flight.

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Aircraft flight control system

A conventional fixed-wing aircraft flight control system consists of flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an aircraft's direction in flight.

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Aircraft flight mechanics

Flight mechanics are relevant to fixed wing (gliders, aeroplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters) aircraft.

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Aircraft principal axes

An aircraft in flight is free to rotate in three dimensions: yaw, nose left or right about an axis running up and down; pitch, nose up or down about an axis running from wing to wing; and roll, rotation about an axis running from nose to tail.

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Airplane

An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller or rocket engine.

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Angle of attack

In fluid dynamics, angle of attack (AOA, or \alpha (Greek letter alpha)) is the angle between a reference line on a body (often the chord line of an airfoil) and the vector representing the relative motion between the body and the fluid through which it is moving.

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Angle of rotation

In mathematics, the angle of rotation is a measurement of the amount, the angle, by which a figure is rotated counterclockwise about a fixed point, often the center of a circle.

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Angular momentum

In physics, angular momentum (rarely, moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum.

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Autopilot

An autopilot is a system used to control the trajectory of an aircraft without constant 'hands-on' control by a human operator being required.

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Boundary layer

In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is an important concept and refers to the layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant.

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Cartesian coordinate system

A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.

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Center of mass

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating.

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Centripetal force

A centripetal force (from Latin centrum, "center" and petere, "to seek") is a force that makes a body follow a curved path.

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Characteristic polynomial

In linear algebra, the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is a polynomial which is invariant under matrix similarity and has the eigenvalues as roots.

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Compressible flow

Compressible flow (gas dynamics) is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with flows having significant changes in fluid density.

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Control system

A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops.

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Course (navigation)

In navigation, a vessel's or aircraft's course is the cardinal direction along which the vessel or aircraft is to be steered.

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Crosswind landing

In aviation, a crosswind landing is a landing maneuver in which a significant component of the prevailing wind is perpendicular to the runway center line.

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Damping ratio

Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing, restricting or preventing its oscillations.

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Derivative

The derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with respect to a change in its argument (input value).

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Differential equation

A differential equation is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its derivatives.

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Dimension

In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.

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Directional stability

Directional stability is stability of a moving body or vehicle about an axis which is perpendicular to its direction of motion.

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Drag (physics)

In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.

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Drag coefficient

In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: \scriptstyle C_\mathrm d\,, \scriptstyle C_\mathrm x\, or \scriptstyle C_\mathrm w\) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.

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Dutch roll

Dutch roll is a type of aircraft motion, consisting of an out-of-phase combination of "tail-wagging" and rocking from side to side.

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Dynamic positioning

Dynamic positioning (DP) is a computer-controlled system to automatically maintain a vessel's position and heading by using its own propellers and thrusters.

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Dynamic pressure

Dynamic pressure (sometimes called velocity pressure) is the increase in a moving fluid's pressure over its static value due to motion.

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East

East is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass.

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Empennage

The empennage, also known as the tail or tail assembly, is a structure at the rear of an aircraft that provides stability during flight, in a way similar to the feathers on an arrow.

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Euler angles

The Euler angles are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.

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Exponential growth

Exponential growth is exhibited when the rate of change—the change per instant or unit of time—of the value of a mathematical function is proportional to the function's current value, resulting in its value at any time being an exponential function of time, i.e., a function in which the time value is the exponent.

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Fixed-wing aircraft

A fixed-wing aircraft is an aircraft, such as an airplane or aeroplane (note the two different spellings), which is capable of flight using wings that generate lift caused by the vehicle's forward airspeed and the shape of the wings.

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Flap (aeronautics)

Flaps are a type of high-lift device used to increase the lift of an aircraft wing at a given airspeed.

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Flight control surfaces

Aircraft flight control surfaces are aerodynamic devices allowing a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight attitude.

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Force

In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

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Friction

Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.

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Gas constant

The gas constant is also known as the molar, universal, or ideal gas constant, denoted by the symbol or and is equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole, i.e. the pressure-volume product, rather than energy per temperature increment per particle.

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Helicopter dynamics

Helicopter dynamics is a field within aerospace engineering concerned with theoretical and practical aspects of helicopter flight.

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Hypersonic speed

In aerodynamics, a hypersonic speed is one that is highly supersonic.

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Impulse (physics)

In classical mechanics, impulse (symbolized by J or Imp) is the integral of a force, F, over the time interval, t, for which it acts.

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In-phase and quadrature components

In electrical engineering, a sinusoid with angle modulation can be decomposed into, or synthesized from, two amplitude-modulated sinusoids that are offset in phase by one-quarter cycle (/2 radians).

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Incompressible flow

In fluid mechanics or more generally continuum mechanics, incompressible flow (isochoric flow) refers to a flow in which the material density is constant within a fluid parcel—an infinitesimal volume that moves with the flow velocity.

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Inertial frame of reference

An inertial frame of reference in classical physics and special relativity is a frame of reference in which a body with zero net force acting upon it is not accelerating; that is, such a body is at rest or it is moving at a constant speed in a straight line.

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JSBSim

JSBSim is an open source Flight Dynamics Model (FDM) software library that models the flight dynamics of an aerospace vehicle.

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Knudsen number

The Knudsen number (Kn) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the molecular mean free path length to a representative physical length scale.

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Landing gear

Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft and may be used for either takeoff or landing.

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Lift (force)

A fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a force on it.

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Lift coefficient

The lift coefficient (CL, CN or Cz) is a dimensionless coefficient that relates the lift generated by a lifting body to the fluid density around the body, the fluid velocity and an associated reference area.

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List of gear nomenclature

The addendum is the height by which a tooth of a gear projects beyond (outside for external, or inside for internal) the standard pitch circle or pitch line; also, the radial distance between the pitch diameter and the outside diameter.

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Longitudinal static stability

In flight dynamics, longitudinal static stability is the stability of an aircraft in the longitudinal, or pitching, plane under steady flight conditions.

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Mach number

In fluid dynamics, the Mach number (M or Ma) is a dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound.

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Mass

Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.

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Mean free path

In physics, the mean free path is the average distance traveled by a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, a photon) between successive impacts (collisions), which modify its direction or energy or other particle properties.

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Moment (physics)

In physics, a moment is an expression involving the product of a distance and a physical quantity, and in this way it accounts for how the physical quantity is located or arranged.

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Moment of inertia

The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the angular mass or rotational inertia, of a rigid body is a tensor that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis; similar to how mass determines the force needed for a desired acceleration.

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Mu (letter)

Mu (uppercase Μ, lowercase μ; Ancient Greek μῦ, μι or μυ—both) or my is the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet.

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Newton's laws of motion

Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics.

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North

North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions.

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Phugoid

A phugoid or fugoid is an aircraft motion in which the vehicle pitches up and climbs, and then pitches down and descends, accompanied by speeding up and slowing down as it goes "downhill" and "uphill".

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Pilot-induced oscillation

Pilot-induced oscillations, as defined by MIL-HDBK-1797A, are sustained or uncontrollable oscillations resulting from efforts of the pilot to control the aircraft and occurs when the pilot of an aircraft inadvertently commands an often increasing series of corrections in opposite directions, each an attempt to cover the aircraft's reaction to the previous input with an overcorrection in the opposite direction.

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Pitching moment

In aerodynamics, the pitching moment on an airfoil is the moment (or torque) produced by the aerodynamic force on the airfoil if that aerodynamic force is considered to be applied, not at the center of pressure, but at the aerodynamic center of the airfoil.

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Prandtl–Glauert singularity

The Prandtl–Glauert singularity is the prediction by the Prandtl–Glauert transformation that infinite pressures would be experienced by an aircraft as it approaches the speed of sound.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

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Pressure coefficient

The pressure coefficient is a dimensionless number which describes the relative pressures throughout a flow field in fluid dynamics.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Propeller (aeronautics)

An aircraft propeller, or airscrew,Beaumont, R.A.; Aeronautical Engineering, Odhams, 1942, Chapter 13, "Airscrews".

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Quaternion

In mathematics, the quaternions are a number system that extends the complex numbers.

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Reynolds number

The Reynolds number is an important dimensionless quantity in fluid mechanics used to help predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations.

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Right-hand rule

In mathematics and physics, the right-hand rule is a common mnemonic for understanding orientation conventions for the vector cross product in three dimensions.

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Rigid body

In physics, a rigid body is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected.

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Rigid body dynamics

Rigid-body dynamics studies the movement of systems of interconnected bodies under the action of external forces.

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Rotation matrix

In linear algebra, a rotation matrix is a matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space.

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Ryan Navion

The Ryan (originally North American) Navion is a United States single-engine, unpressurized, retractable gear, four-seat aircraft originally designed and built by North American Aviation in the 1940s.

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Sailing

Sailing employs the wind—acting on sails, wingsails or kites—to propel a craft on the surface of the water (sailing ship, sailboat, windsurfer, or kitesurfer), on ice (iceboat) or on land (land yacht) over a chosen course, which is often part of a larger plan of navigation.

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Ship motions

Ship motions are defined by the six degrees of freedom that a ship, boat or any other craft can experience.

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Simple harmonic motion

In mechanics and physics, simple harmonic motion is a special type of periodic motion or oscillation motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to that of displacement.

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Slip (aerodynamics)

A slip is an aerodynamic state where an aircraft is moving somewhat sideways as well as forward relative to the oncoming airflow or relative wind.

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Sound

In physics, sound is a vibration that typically propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.

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Spherical coordinate system

In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position of a point is specified by three numbers: the radial distance of that point from a fixed origin, its polar angle measured from a fixed zenith direction, and the azimuth angle of its orthogonal projection on a reference plane that passes through the origin and is orthogonal to the zenith, measured from a fixed reference direction on that plane.

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Stability derivatives

Stability derivatives, and also control derivatives, are measures of how particular forces and moments on an aircraft change as other parameters related to stability change (parameters such as airspeed, altitude, angle of attack, etc.). For a defined "trim" flight condition, changes and oscillations occur in these parameters.

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Standard gravity

The standard acceleration due to gravity (or standard acceleration of free fall), sometimes abbreviated as standard gravity, usually denoted by or, is the nominal gravitational acceleration of an object in a vacuum near the surface of the Earth.

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Static margin

If an aircraft in flight suffers a disturbance in pitch that causes an increase (or decrease) in angle of attack, it is desirable that the aerodynamic forces on the aircraft cause a decrease (or increase) in angle of attack so that the disturbance does not cause a continuous increase (or decrease) in angle of attack.

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Steady flight

Steady flight, unaccelerated flight, or equilibrium flight is a special case in flight dynamics where the aircraft's linear and angular velocity are constant in a body-fixed reference frame.

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Stiffness

Stiffness is the rigidity of an object — the extent to which it resists deformation in response to an applied force.

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Supersonic speed

Supersonic travel is a rate of travel of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1).

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Takeoff

Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aerospace vehicle or an animal goes from the ground to flying in the air.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.

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Thrust

Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's third law.

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Thrust vectoring

Thrust vectoring, also thrust vector control or TVC, is the ability of an aircraft, rocket, or other vehicle to manipulate the direction of the thrust from its engine(s) or motor(s) in order to control the attitude or angular velocity of the vehicle.

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Transonic

In aeronautics, transonic (or transsonic) flight is flying at or near the speed of sound (at sea level under average conditions), relative to the air through which the vehicle is traveling.

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Viscosity

The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.

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Weather vane

A weather vane, wind vane, or weathercock is an instrument for showing the direction of the wind.

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Weathervane effect

Weathervaning or weathercocking is a phenomenon experienced by fixed wing aircraft on the ground and rotorcraft on the ground and when hovering.

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Weight

In science and engineering, the weight of an object is related to the amount of force acting on the object, either due to gravity or to a reaction force that holds it in place.

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Wing

A wing is a type of fin that produces lift, while moving through air or some other fluid.

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Yaw (rotation)

A yaw rotation is a movement around the yaw axis of a rigid body that changes the direction it is pointing, to the left or right of its direction of motion.

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Redirects here:

Aircraft attitude, Attitude control (fixed-wing aircraft), Flight dynamics (aircraft), Flight dynamics (fixed wing aircraft), Flight science.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_dynamics_(fixed-wing_aircraft)

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