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43 relations: Allele, Amino acid, Aneuploidy, Chromosomal inversion, Chromosomal rearrangement, Chromosomal translocation, Chromosome, Copy-number variation, Deletion (genetics), Endogenous retrovirus, Enzyme, Ernst Mayr, Eviatar Nevo, Gel electrophoresis of proteins, Gene, Gene duplication, Gene pool, Genetic diversity, Genetic drift, Genetic recombination, Genetic variability, Genome, Human genetic variation, Indel, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Meiosis, Mutation, National Council for Science and the Environment, Natural selection, Nucleic acid sequence, Nucleotide, Phenotype, Ploidy, Point mutation, Polyploid, Population, Protein primary structure, Scholarpedia, Structural variation, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Transposable element, Uniparental disomy, Zygosity.
Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.
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Chromosomal inversion
An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.
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Chromosomal rearrangement
In genetics, a chromosomal rearrangement is a mutation that is a type of chromosome abnormality involving a change in the structure of the native chromosome.
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Chromosomal translocation
In genetics, a chromosome translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes.
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Chromosome
A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
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Copy-number variation
Copy number variation (CNV) is a phenomenon in which sections of the genome are repeated and the number of repeats in the genome varies between individuals in the human population.
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Deletion (genetics)
In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) (sign: Δ) is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication.
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Endogenous retrovirus
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Ernst Mayr
Ernst Walter Mayr (5 July 1904 – 3 February 2005) was one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists.
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Eviatar Nevo
Eviatar Nevo (born Feb. 2, 1929 in Haifa, Israel), is Professor Emeritus, founder and director of the Institute of Evolution at University of Haifa, Israel.
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Gel electrophoresis of proteins
Protein electrophoresis is a method for analysing the proteins in a fluid or an extract.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Gene duplication
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution.
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Gene pool
The gene pool is the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species.
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Genetic diversity
Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
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Genetic drift
Genetic drift (also known as allelic drift or the Sewall Wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
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Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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Genetic variability
Genetic variability is either the presence of, or the generation of, genetic differences.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations.
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Indel
Indel is a molecular biology term for an '''in'''sertion or '''del'''etion of bases in the genome of an organism.
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Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (born 25 January 1922) is an Italian-born population geneticist, who has been a professor (now emeritus) at Stanford University since 1970.
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Meiosis
Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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Mutation
In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
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National Council for Science and the Environment
The National Council for Science and the Environment (NCSE) is a U.S.-based non-profit organization which has a mission to improve the scientific basis for environmental decision-making.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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Nucleic acid sequence
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.
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Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.
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Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
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Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
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Point mutation
A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.
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Polyploid
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.
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Population
In biology, a population is all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.
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Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
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Scholarpedia
Scholarpedia is an English-language online wiki-based encyclopedia with features commonly associated with open-access online academic journals, which aims to have quality content.
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Structural variation
Structural variation (also genomic structural variation) is the variation in structure of an organism's chromosome.
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Theodosius Dobzhansky
Theodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky (Теодо́сій Григо́рович Добжа́нський; Феодо́сий Григо́рьевич Добржа́нский; January 25, 1900 – December 18, 1975) was a prominent Ukrainian-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the modern synthesis.
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Transposable element
A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.
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Uniparental disomy
Uniparental disomy (UPD) occurs when a person receives two copies of a chromosome, or of part of a chromosome, from one parent and no copy from the other parent.
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Zygosity
Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism.
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Redirects here:
Genetic variations, Interindividual variability, Variation (biology).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_variation
