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461 relations: Abbey, Adrien Philippe, Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Al-Andalus, Al-Battani, Al-Biruni, Al-Muradi, Alarm clock, Alberto Santos-Dumont, Alexander Bain (inventor), Alfonso X of Castile, Alfred the Great, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Amenhotep I, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Institute of Physics, American Philosophical Society, Ammonia, Anchor escapement, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Andalusia, Andronicus of Cyrrhus, Anno Domini, Annual general meeting, Antiquarian Horological Society, Antoni Patek, Apuleius, Ara Pacis, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Archimedes, Armillary sphere, Astrolabe, Astrology, Astron (wristwatch), Astronomer, Astronomical clock, Astronomical object, Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world, Atomic clock, Augsburg, Augustus, Automaton, Axial tilt, Baghdad, Balance spring, Balance wheel, Barrage (artillery), Battle of Omdurman, ..., Bayonet mount, BBC, Beijing, Bell, Bell Labs, Bern, Black Forest, Blois, Book of hours, Bracelet, British Army, British Horological Institute, British Library, Buddhism, Caesium standard, Calendar, Callisthenes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Campus Martius, Camshaft, Candle clock, Canonical hours, Cartier (jeweler), Catania, Celestial navigation, Cf., Chain drive, Chang'an, Charles II of England, Chinese astronomy, Christiaan Huygens, Christopher Pinchbeck, City of London, Clerkenwell, Clock, Clock face, Clock of the Long Now, Clock synchronization, Clock tower, Clockmaker, Consumerism, Coordinated Universal Time, Copernican Revolution, Court, Coventry, Crucifixion of Jesus, Crystal oscillator, Ctesibius, Cuckoo clock, Damascus, Daniel Quare, Dante Alighieri, Daytime, De architectura, Decimal time, Devanagari, Dial (measurement), Digital clock, Dissolution of the Monasteries, Divine Comedy, Donald Hill, Dorling Kindersley, Dotdash, Dover Publications, Dublin, Earth, Eastern world, Edward Barlow (priest), Edward H. Schafer, Egypt, Electric clock, Electric current, Electric power, Electromagnetism, Electrostatics, Elizabeth I of England, Encyclopædia Britannica, England, Ephemeris time, Epicyclic gearing, Equation clock, Equation of time, Equinox, Escapement, Europe, Exeter Cathedral astronomical clock, Far East, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Fastener, Father Time, Ferdinand Magellan, Flinders University, Florence, Francis Ronalds, French Revolution, Galileo Galilei, Gear, Gear train, Geisha, Geocentric model, George Graham (clockmaker), Germany, Getty Center, Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio, Giovanni Padovani, Giuseppe Biancani, Glastonbury Abbey, Global Positioning System, Gnomon, Gong, Grandfather clock, Gravity, Greenwich, Greenwich Mean Time, Ground state, Guild, Han dynasty, Hans Wilsdorf, Harcourt (publisher), Harmonic oscillator, Harvard University Press, Heliocentrism, Heliopolis (ancient Egypt), Hellenistic period, Henry VIII of England, Hero of Alexandria, History 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Cathedral, Magdeburg, Mainspring, Maintaining power, Manitoba Museum, Mannequin, Mappin & Webb, Marine chronometer, Mario Taddei, Mary, mother of Jesus, Maser, Mechanical watch, Medieval Latin, Megalith, Mercury (element), Meridian (astronomy), Merkhet, Mesoamerica, Mesopotamia, Metric system, Microelectronics, Middle Dutch, Middle English, Mikuláš of Kadaň, Milan, Monastery, Moon, Moors, Mosque, Mustansiriya Madrasah, National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Maritime Museum, National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom), National Watch and Clock Museum, Neo-Babylonian Empire, Netherlands, New York City, Noon, Nowruz, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Numeral system, Nuremberg, Obelisk, Observatory, Oil-lamp clock, Old French, Online Etymology Dictionary, Oronce Finé, Ottery St Mary astronomical clock, Ottoman Empire, Oxford, Oxford Electric Bell, Oxford University Press, Pacificus of Verona, Paris, Patek Philippe & Co., Pendulum, Pendulum clock, Pennyweight, Pharaoh, Philadelphia, Philo of Byzantium, Physical Review Letters, Piazza San Marco, Pierre Curie, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Piezoelectricity, Pinchbeck (alloy), Place de la Concorde, Plato, Platonic Academy, Pliny the Elder, Plumb bob, Pocket watch, Polaris, Pole star, Polymath, Pope Sylvester II, Portugal, Prague, Prague astronomical clock, Precinct of Amun-Re, Prehistoric Europe, Pressure, Pressure head, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, Princeton University Press, Qanat, Quartz, Quartz clock, Queen Victoria, Rabbi, Radiation, Radio clock, Recorded history, Reggio Emilia, Renaissance, Repeater (horology), Resonance, Richard of Wallingford, Richmond, London, Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, Robert Hooke, Rolex, Rota Fortunae, Rotational energy, Rouen, Routledge, Rubidium, Saint George, Salah times, Salisbury cathedral clock, Science and technology in China, Science and technology of the Song dynasty, Science Museum, London, Scientific American, Scilly naval disaster of 1707, Second Boer War, Seiko, Seville, Sexagesimal, Shang dynasty, Shōsōin, Shen Kuo, Ship's bell, Sicily, Siphon, Smithsonian Institution, Society of Jesus, Soho, Solar time, Solarium Augusti, Solstice, Song dynasty, Spanish language, Spring (device), St Albans Cathedral, St Edmundsbury, St Mark's Clock, St Mark's Clocktower, Standardization, Star clock, Steelyard balance, Stone circle, Stonehenge, Strasbourg astronomical clock, Striking clock, Su Song, Sui dynasty, Sumer, Summer solstice, Sun, Sundial, Syria, System of measurement, T-square, Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Tarrytown, New York, The Golden Ass, Theaetetus (dialogue), Theodosius of Bithynia, Third Anglo-Burmese War, Tholsel, Thomas Earnshaw, Thomas Mudge (horologist), Thomas Tompion, Thomas Woods, Tibet, Time, Time Life, Time standard, Timeline of time measurement technology, Torque, Tower of the Winds, Trench warfare, Trigonometry, Tuileries Palace, Tycho Brahe, Umayyad Mosque, UNESCO Courier, University of California Press, University of Michigan Press, University of Padua, University of St Andrews, University of Texas Press, Vacuum tube, Vajrayana, Venice, Verge escapement, Verona, Versailles, Yvelines, Vigesimal, Vitruvius, Voltaic pile, Waistcoat, Walter Guyton Cady, War Office, Warsaw, Washstand, Watch, Watchmaker, Water clock, Water wheel, Webster's Dictionary, Wells Cathedral clock, West End of London, Western Europe, Western world, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Wimborne Minster astronomical clock, Winter solstice, World War I, Worshipful Company of Clockmakers, Yaldā Night, Yanjing, Yi Xing, Yorkshire, Zhang Heng, Zhang Sixun, Zhou dynasty, Zibad, Zodiac. Expand index (411 more) »
Abbey
An abbey is a complex of buildings used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess.
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Adrien Philippe
Jean Adrien Philippe (16 April 1815, La Bazoche-Gouet, Eure-et-Loir – 5 January 1894) was a French horologist and cofounder of watchmaker Patek Philippe & Co. of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ahmad Y. al-Hassan
Ahmad Yousef Al-Hassan (أحمد يوسف الحسن) (June 25, 1925 – April 28, 2012) was a Palestinian/Syrian/Canadian historian of Arabic and Islamic science and technology, educated in Jerusalem, Cairo, and London with a PhD in Mechanical engineering from University College London.
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Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus (الأنْدَلُس, trans.; al-Ándalus; al-Ândalus; al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus), also known as Muslim Spain, Muslim Iberia, or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal.
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Al-Battani
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī aṣ-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī (Arabic: محمد بن جابر بن سنان البتاني) (Latinized as Albategnius, Albategni or Albatenius) (c. 858 – 929) was an Arab astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician.
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Al-Biruni
Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Al-Bīrūnī (Chorasmian/ابوریحان بیرونی Abū Rayḥān Bērōnī; New Persian: Abū Rayḥān Bīrūnī) (973–1050), known as Al-Biruni (البيروني) in English, was an IranianD.J. Boilot, "Al-Biruni (Beruni), Abu'l Rayhan Muhammad b. Ahmad", in Encyclopaedia of Islam (Leiden), New Ed., vol.1:1236–1238.
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Al-Muradi
Alī Ibn Khalaf al-Murādī, (11th century) was an Andalusi mathematician and astronomer who belonged to the scientific circle of Ṣāʿid al- Andalusī.
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Alarm clock
An alarm clock (or sometimes just an alarm) is a clock that is designed to alert an individual or group of individuals at specified time.
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Alberto Santos-Dumont
Alberto Santos-Dumont (20 July 187323 July 1932, usually referred to as simply Santos-Dumont) was a Brazilian inventor and aviation pioneer, one of the very few people to have contributed significantly to the development of both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air aircraft.
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Alexander Bain (inventor)
Alexander Bain (12 October 1811 – 2 January 1877) was a Scottish inventor and engineer who was first to invent and patent the electric clock.
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Alfonso X of Castile
Alfonso X (also occasionally Alphonso, Alphonse, or Alfons, 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284), called the Wise (el Sabio), was the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284.
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Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great (Ælfrēd, Ælfrǣd, "elf counsel" or "wise elf"; 849 – 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.
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Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Ambrogio Lorenzetti (or Ambruogio Laurati) (c. 1290 – 9 June 1348) was an Italian painter of the Sienese school.
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Amenhotep I
Amenhotep I from Ancient Egyptian "jmn-ḥtp" or "yamānuḥātap" meaning "Amun is satisfied" or Amenophis I,, from Ancient Greek Ἀμένωφις,Dodson & Hilton (2004) p.126 additionally King Zeserkere (transliteration: Ḏśr-k-R), was the second Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt.
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American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional society for the field of aerospace engineering.
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American Institute of Physics
The American Institute of Physics (AIP) promotes science, the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies.
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American Philosophical Society
The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 and located in Philadelphia, is an eminent scholarly organization of international reputation that promotes useful knowledge in the sciences and humanities through excellence in scholarly research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach.
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Ammonia
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
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Anchor escapement
In horology, the anchor escapement is a type of escapement used in pendulum clocks.
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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.
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Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).
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Ancient Rome
In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.
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Andalusia
Andalusia (Andalucía) is an autonomous community in southern Spain.
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Andronicus of Cyrrhus
Andronicus of Cyrrhus or Andronicus Cyrrhestes (Ἀνδρόνικος Κυρρήστου, Andrónikos Kyrrhēstou), son of Hermias, was a Macedonian astronomer who flourished about 100 BC.
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Anno Domini
The terms anno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
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Annual general meeting
An annual general meeting (commonly abbreviated as AGM, also known as the annual meeting) is a meeting of the general membership of an organization.
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Antiquarian Horological Society
The Antiquarian Horological Society, abbreviated to AHS, is the UK-based learned society for scholars and enthusiasts of horology.
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Antoni Patek
Antoni Norbert Patek (Antoine Norbert de Patek; 14 June 1812 – 1 March 1877) was a Polish pioneer in watchmaking and a creator of the Patek Philippe & Co., one of the most famous Swiss watchmaker companies.
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Apuleius
Apuleius (also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis; c. 124 – c. 170 AD) was a Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician.
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Ara Pacis
The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, "Altar of Augustan Peace"; commonly shortened to Ara Pacis) is an altar in Rome dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of Peace.
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Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, subtitled A Historical Journal, is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press.
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Archimedes
Archimedes of Syracuse (Ἀρχιμήδης) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer.
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Armillary sphere
An armillary sphere (variations are known as spherical astrolabe, armilla, or armil) is a model of objects in the sky (on the celestial sphere), consisting of a spherical framework of rings, centred on Earth or the Sun, that represent lines of celestial longitude and latitude and other astronomically important features, such as the ecliptic.
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Astrolabe
An astrolabe (ἀστρολάβος astrolabos; ٱلأَسْطُرلاب al-Asturlāb; اَختِرِیاب Akhteriab) is an elaborate inclinometer, historically used by astronomers and navigators to measure the inclined position in the sky of a celestial body, day or night.
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Astrology
Astrology is the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial objects as a means for divining information about human affairs and terrestrial events.
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Astron (wristwatch)
The Astron wristwatch, formally known as the Seiko Quartz-Astron 35SQ, was the world's first "quartz clock" wristwatch.
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Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
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Astronomical clock
An astronomical clock is a clock with special mechanisms and dials to display astronomical information, such as the relative positions of the sun, moon, zodiacal constellations, and sometimes major planets.
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Astronomical object
An astronomical object or celestial object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists in the observable universe.
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Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries), and mostly written in the Arabic language.
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Atomic clock
An atomic clock is a clock device that uses an electron transition frequency in the microwave, optical, or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum of atoms as a frequency standard for its timekeeping element.
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Augsburg
Augsburg (Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.
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Augustus
Augustus (Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
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Automaton
An automaton (plural: automata or automatons) is a self-operating machine, or a machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a predetermined sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions.
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Axial tilt
In astronomy, axial tilt, also known as obliquity, is the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, or, equivalently, the angle between its equatorial plane and orbital plane.
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Baghdad
Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq.
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Balance spring
A balance spring, or hairspring, is a spring attached to the balance wheel in mechanical timepieces.
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Balance wheel
A balance wheel, or balance, is the timekeeping device used in mechanical watches and some clocks, analogous to the pendulum in a pendulum clock.
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Barrage (artillery)
A barrage is massed artillery fire aimed at points, typically apart, along one or more lines that can be from a few hundred to several thousand yards long.
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Battle of Omdurman
At the Battle of Omdurman (2 September 1898), an army commanded by the British General Sir Herbert Kitchener defeated the army of Abdullah al-Taashi, the successor to the self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad.
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Bayonet mount
A bayonet mount (mainly as a method of mechanical attachment, as for fitting a lens to a camera) or bayonet connector (for electrical use) is a fastening mechanism consisting of a cylindrical male side with one or more radial pins, and a female receptor with matching L-shaped slot(s) and with spring(s) to keep the two parts locked together.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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Beijing
Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.
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Bell
A bell is a directly struck idiophone percussion instrument.
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Bell Labs
Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Labs) is an American research and scientific development company, owned by Finnish company Nokia.
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Bern
Bern or Berne (Bern, Bärn, Berne, Berna, Berna) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) Bundesstadt, or "federal city".
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Black Forest
The Black Forest (Schwarzwald) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany.
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Blois
Blois is a city and the capital of Loir-et-Cher department in central France, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours.
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Book of hours
The book of hours is a Christian devotional book popular in the Middle Ages.
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Bracelet
A bracelet is an article of jewellery that is worn around the wrist.
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British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces.
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British Horological Institute
The British Horological Institute (also known as the BHI) is the representative body of the horological industry in the United Kingdom.
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British Library
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and the largest national library in the world by number of items catalogued.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Caesium standard
The caesium standard is a primary frequency standard in which electronic transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency.
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Calendar
A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial or administrative purposes.
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Callisthenes
Callisthenes of Olynthus ((); Καλλισθένης; c. 360 – 328 BC) was a well-connected Greek historian in Macedon who accompanied Alexander the Great during the Asiatic expedition.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and part of the Boston metropolitan area.
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Campus Martius
The Campus Martius (Latin for the "Field of Mars", Italian Campo Marzio), was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about in extent.
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Camshaft
A camshaft is a shaft to which a cam is fastened or of which a cam forms an integral part.
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Candle clock
A candle clock is a thin candle with consistently spaced markings (usually with numbers), that when burned, indicate the passage of periods of time.
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Canonical hours
In the practice of Christianity, canonical hours mark the divisions of the day in terms of periods of fixed prayer at regular intervals.
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Cartier (jeweler)
Société Cartier is a French luxury goods conglomerate company which designs, manufactures, distributes, and sells jewellery and watches.
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Catania
Catania is the second largest city of Sicily after Palermo located on the east coast facing the Ionian Sea.
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Celestial navigation
Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the ancient and modern practice of position fixing that enables a navigator to transition through a space without having to rely on estimated calculations, or dead reckoning, to know their position.
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Cf.
The abbreviation cf. (short for the confer/conferatur, both meaning "compare") is used in writing to refer the reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic being discussed.
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Chain drive
Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another.
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Chang'an
Chang'an was an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an.
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Charles II of England
Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland and Ireland.
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Chinese astronomy
Astronomy in China has a long history, beginning from the Shang Dynasty (Chinese Bronze Age).
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Christiaan Huygens
Christiaan Huygens (Hugenius; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch physicist, mathematician, astronomer and inventor, who is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time and a major figure in the scientific revolution.
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Christopher Pinchbeck
Christopher Pinchbeck, also called Catarrón (c. 1670 –) was a London clockmaker and maker of musical automata.
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City of London
The City of London is a city and county that contains the historic centre and the primary central business district (CBD) of London.
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Clerkenwell
Clerkenwell is an area of central and north London, England.
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Clock
A clock is an instrument to measure, keep, and indicate time.
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Clock face
A clock face, or dial, is the part of an analog clock (or watch) that displays the time through the use of a fixed-numbered dial or dials and moving hands.
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Clock of the Long Now
The Clock of the Long Now, also called the 10,000-year clock, is a mechanical clock under construction, that is designed to keep time for 10,000 years.
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Clock synchronization
Clock synchronization is a topic in computer science and engineering that aims to coordinate otherwise independent clocks.
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Clock tower
Clock towers are a specific type of building which houses a turret clock and has one or more clock faces on the upper exterior walls.
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Clockmaker
A clockmaker is an artisan who makes and/or repairs clocks.
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Consumerism
Consumerism is a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts.
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Coordinated Universal Time
No description.
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Copernican Revolution
The Copernican Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.
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Court
A court is a tribunal, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.
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Coventry
Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England.
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Crucifixion of Jesus
The crucifixion of Jesus occurred in 1st-century Judea, most likely between AD 30 and 33.
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Crystal oscillator
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency.
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Ctesibius
Ctesibius or Ktesibios or Tesibius (Κτησίβιος; fl. 285–222 BC) was a Greek inventor and mathematician in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt.
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Cuckoo clock
A cuckoo clock is a typically pendulum-regulated clock that strikes the hours with a sound like a common cuckoo's call and has an automated cuckoo bird that moves with each note.
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Damascus
Damascus (دمشق, Syrian) is the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic; it is also the country's largest city, following the decline in population of Aleppo due to the battle for the city.
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Daniel Quare
Daniel Quare (1648 or 1649 – 21 March 1724) was an English clockmaker and instrument maker who Invented a repeating watch movement in 1680 and a portable barometer in 1695.
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Dante Alighieri
Durante degli Alighieri, commonly known as Dante Alighieri or simply Dante (c. 1265 – 1321), was a major Italian poet of the Late Middle Ages.
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Daytime
On Earth, daytime is roughly the period of the day during which any given point in the world experiences natural illumination from especially direct sunlight.
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De architectura
De architectura (On architecture, published as Ten Books on Architecture) is a treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect and military engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects.
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Decimal time
Decimal time is the representation of the time of day using units which are decimally related.
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Devanagari
Devanagari (देवनागरी,, a compound of "''deva''" देव and "''nāgarī''" नागरी; Hindi pronunciation), also called Nagari (Nāgarī, नागरी),Kathleen Kuiper (2010), The Culture of India, New York: The Rosen Publishing Group,, page 83 is an abugida (alphasyllabary) used in India and Nepal.
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Dial (measurement)
A dial is generally a flat surface, circular or rectangular, with numbers or similar markings on it, used for displaying the setting or output of a timepiece, radio, clock, watch, or measuring instrument.
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Digital clock
A digital clock is a type of clock that displays the time digitally (i.e. in numerals or other symbols), as opposed to an analog clock, where the time is indicated by the positions of rotating hands.
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Dissolution of the Monasteries
The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the set of administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded monasteries, priories, convents and friaries in England and Wales and Ireland, appropriated their income, disposed of their assets, and provided for their former personnel and functions.
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Divine Comedy
The Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia) is a long narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed in 1320, a year before his death in 1321.
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Donald Hill
Donald Routledge Hill (August 6, 1922 – May 30, 1994)D.
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Dorling Kindersley
Dorling Kindersley (DK) is a British multinational publishing company specializing in illustrated reference books for adults and children in 62 languages.
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Dotdash
Dotdash (formerly About.com) is an American Internet-based network of content that publishes articles and videos about various subjects on its "topic sites", of which there are nearly 1,000.
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Dover Publications
Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward Cirker and his wife, Blanche.
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Dublin
Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.
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Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
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Eastern world
The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various cultures or social structures and philosophical systems, depending on the context, most often including at least part of Asia or geographically the countries and cultures east of Europe, specifically in historical (pre-modern) contexts, and in modern times in the context of Orientalism.
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Edward Barlow (priest)
Edward Barlow, alias Booth (1639–1719), was an English priest and mechanician.
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Edward H. Schafer
Edward Hetsel Schafer (23 August 1913 – 9 February 1991) was an American Sinologist, historian, and writer noted for his expertise on the Tang Dynasty, and was a professor of Chinese at University of California, Berkeley for 35 years.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Electric clock
An electric clock is a clock that is powered by electricity, as opposed to a mechanical clock which is powered by a hanging weight or a mainspring.
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Electric current
An electric current is a flow of electric charge.
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Electric power
Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
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Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles.
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Electrostatics
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies electric charges at rest.
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Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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Ephemeris time
The term ephemeris time (often abbreviated ET) can in principle refer to time in connection with any astronomical ephemeris.
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Epicyclic gearing
An epicyclic gear train (also known as planetary gear) consists of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear revolves around the center of the other.
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Equation clock
An equation clock is a mechanical clock which includes a mechanism that simulates the equation of time, so that the user can read or calculate solar time, as would be shown by a sundial.
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Equation of time
The equation of time describes the discrepancy between two kinds of solar time.
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Equinox
An equinox is commonly regarded as the moment the plane (extended indefinitely in all directions) of Earth's equator passes through the center of the Sun, which occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 22-23 September.
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Escapement
An escapement is a device in mechanical watches and clocks that transfers energy to the timekeeping element (the "impulse action") and allows the number of its oscillations to be counted (the "locking action").
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Exeter Cathedral astronomical clock
The Exeter Cathedral Astronomical Clock is a fifteenth-century astronomical clock in Exeter Cathedral, England.
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Far East
The Far East is a geographical term in English that usually refers to East Asia (including Northeast Asia), the Russian Far East (part of North Asia), and Southeast Asia.
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Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger W. Straus, Jr. and John C. Farrar.
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Fastener
A fastener (US English) or fastening (UK English) is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.
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Father Time
Father Time is the anthropomorphized depiction of time.
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Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan (or; Fernão de Magalhães,; Fernando de Magallanes,; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.
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Flinders University
Flinders University is a public university in Adelaide, South Australia.
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Florence
Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.
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Francis Ronalds
Sir Francis Ronalds FRS (21 February 1788 – 8 August 1873) was an English scientist and inventor, and arguably the first electrical engineer.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564Drake (1978, p. 1). The date of Galileo's birth is given according to the Julian calendar, which was then in force throughout Christendom. In 1582 it was replaced in Italy and several other Catholic countries with the Gregorian calendar. Unless otherwise indicated, dates in this article are given according to the Gregorian calendar. – 8 January 1642) was an Italian polymath.
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Gear
A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut like teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque.
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Gear train
A gear train is a mechanical system formed by mounting gears on a frame so the teeth of the gears engage.
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Geisha
(),, or are Japanese women who study the ancient tradition of art, dance and singing, and are distinctively characterized by traditional costumes and makeup.
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Geocentric model
In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the universe with Earth at the center.
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George Graham (clockmaker)
George Graham (7 July 1673 – 20 November 1751) was an English clockmaker, inventor, and geophysicist, and a Fellow of the Royal Society.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Getty Center
The Getty Center, in Los Angeles, California, is a campus of the Getty Museum and other programs of the Getty Trust.
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Giovanni Battista Riccioli
Giovanni Battista Riccioli (17 April 1598 – 25 June 1671) was an Italian astronomer and a Catholic priest in the Jesuit order.
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Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio
Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio (c. 1330 – 1388), also known as Giovanni de' Dondi, was an Italian physician, astronomer and mechanical engineer in Padua, now in Italy.
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Giovanni Padovani
Giovanni Padovani (or Paduani) (b. c. 1512) was an Italian mathematician and astronomer.
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Giuseppe Biancani
Giuseppe Biancani (in Latin, Josephus Blancanus) (1566 – 1624) was an Italian Jesuit astronomer, mathematician, and selenographer, after whom the crater Blancanus on the Moon is named.
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Glastonbury Abbey
Glastonbury Abbey was a monastery in Glastonbury, Somerset, England.
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Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force.
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Gnomon
A gnomon (from Greek γνώμων, gnōmōn, literally: "one that knows or examines") is the part of a sundial that casts a shadow.
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Gong
A gong (from Malay: gong;; ra; គង - Kong; ฆ้อง Khong; cồng chiêng) is an East and Southeast Asian musical percussion instrument that takes the form of a flat, circular metal disc which is hit with a mallet.
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Grandfather clock
A grandfather clock (also a longcase clock, tall-case clock, or floor clock) is a tall, freestanding, weight-driven pendulum clock with the pendulum held inside the tower or waist of the case.
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Gravity
Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.
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Greenwich
Greenwich is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross.
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Greenwich Mean Time
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London.
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Ground state
The ground state of a quantum mechanical system is its lowest-energy state; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system.
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Guild
A guild is an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area.
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Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.
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Hans Wilsdorf
Hans Wilsdorf (March 22, 1881 – July 6, 1960) was a German watchmaker, and the founder of noted watch brands Rolex and Tudor.
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Harcourt (publisher)
Harcourt was a United States publishing firm with a long history of publishing fiction and nonfiction for adults and children.
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Harmonic oscillator
In classical mechanics, a harmonic oscillator is a system that, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force, F, proportional to the displacement, x: where k is a positive constant.
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Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
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Heliocentrism
Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System.
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Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)
Heliopolis was a major city of ancient Egypt.
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Hellenistic period
The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.
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Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death.
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Hero of Alexandria
Hero of Alexandria (ἭρωνGenitive: Ἥρωνος., Heron ho Alexandreus; also known as Heron of Alexandria; c. 10 AD – c. 70 AD) was a mathematician and engineer who was active in his native city of Alexandria, Roman Egypt.
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History (U.S. TV network)
History (originally The History Channel from 1995 to 2008) is a history-based digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by A&E Networks, a joint venture between the Hearst Communications and the Disney–ABC Television Group division of the Walt Disney Company.
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History of China
The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC,William G. Boltz, Early Chinese Writing, World Archaeology, Vol.
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History of Japan
The first human habitation in the Japanese archipelago has been traced to prehistoric times.
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History of watches
The history of watches began in 16th century Europe, where watches evolved from portable spring-driven clocks, which first appeared in the 15th century.
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Hora
Hora may refer to.
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Horologion
The Horologion (Ὡρολόγιον; Church Slavonic: Часocлoвъ, Chasoslov, Ceaslov) or Book of hours provides the fixed portions (Greek: ἀκολουθίαι, akolouthiai) of the Divine Service or the daily cycle of services as used by the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches.
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Horology
Horology ("the study of time", related to Latin horologium from Greek ὡρολόγιον, "instrument for telling the hour", from ὥρα hṓra "hour; time" and -o- interfix and suffix -logy) is the study of the measurement of time.
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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an educational and trade publisher in the United States.
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Hour
An hour (symbol: h; also abbreviated hr.) is a unit of time conventionally reckoned as of a day and scientifically reckoned as 3,599–3,601 seconds, depending on conditions.
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Hourglass
An hourglass (or sandglass, sand timer, or sand clock) is a device used to measure the passage of time.
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HowStuffWorks
HowStuffWorks is an American commercial educational website founded by Marshall Brain to provide its target audience an insight into the way many things work.
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Huguenots
Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.
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Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Hydropower
Hydropower or water power (from ύδωρ, "water") is power derived from the energy of falling water or fast running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes.
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Ibn al-Shatir
ʿAlāʾ al‐Dīn ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm known as Ibn al-Shatir or Ibn ash-Shatir (ابن الشاطر; 1304–1375) was an Arab astronomer, mathematician and engineer.
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Incense
Incense is aromatic biotic material which releases fragrant smoke when burned.
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Incense clock
The incense clock is a Chinese timekeeping device that appeared during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and spread to neighboring East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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International Atomic Time
International Atomic Time (TAI, from the French name temps atomique international) is a high-precision atomic coordinate time standard based on the notional passage of proper time on Earth's geoid.
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International System of Units
The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French Système international (d'unités)) is the modern form of the metric system, and is the most widely used system of measurement.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Ireland
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.
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Isis (journal)
Isis is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.
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Ismail al-Jazari
Badīʿ az-Zaman Abū l-ʿIzz ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ar-Razāz al-Jazarī (1136–1206, بديع الزمان أَبُو اَلْعِزِ بْنُ إسْماعِيلِ بْنُ الرِّزاز الجزري) was a Muslim polymath: a scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan, artist and mathematician.
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Isotopes of caesium
Caesium (55Cs; or cesium) has 40 known isotopes, making it, along with barium and mercury, the element with the most isotopes.
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Ivory
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally elephants') and teeth of animals, that can be used in art or manufacturing.
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Jacques Curie
Paul-Jacques Curie (29 October 1855 – 19 February 1941) was a French physicist and professor of mineralogy at the University of Montpellier.
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Jan Šindel
Jan Šindel (1370s – between 1455 and 1457), also known as Jan Ondřejův (or Joannes de Praga) was a Czech medieval scientist and Catholic priest.
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Jayrun Water Clock
The Jayrun Water Clock, a water clock built by the Muslim engineer Muhammad al-Sa'ati, was positioned at the gate of Damascus, Syria, at the exit of the Umayyad Mosque in the 12th century during the reign of Nur ad-Din Zangi.
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Jewellery
Jewellery (British English) or jewelry (American English)see American and British spelling differences consists of small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, lasted from 1115 to 1234 as one of the last dynasties in Chinese history to predate the Mongol invasion of China.
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John Arnold (watchmaker)
John Arnold (1736 – 11 August 1799) was an English watchmaker and inventor.
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John Harrison
John Harrison (– 24 March 1776) was a self-educated English carpenter and clockmaker who invented a marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of calculating longitude while at sea.
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Joseph Needham
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology.
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Joseph Windmills
Joseph Windmills (c1640-1724), was an eminent London watch- and clockmaker who, with his son Thomas, produced outstanding timepieces between 1671 and 1737.
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Journal of Near Eastern Studies
The Journal of Near Eastern Studies (JNES) is an academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press, covering research on the ancient and medieval civilisations of the Near East, including their archaeology, art, history, literature, linguistics, religion, law, and science.
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Julien Le Roy
Julien Le Roy (1686-1759) was a major 18th-century Parisian clockmaker and watchmaker.
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Kaifeng
Kaifeng, known previously by several names, is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China.
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Kensington Books
Kensington Publishing Corp. is a New York-based publishing house founded in 1974 by Walter Zacharius (1923–2011)Grimes, William.
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King's Observatory
The King's Observatory (called for many years the Kew Observatory) is a Grade I listed building in Richmond, London.
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Last glacial period
The last glacial period occurred from the end of the Eemian interglacial to the end of the Younger Dryas, encompassing the period years ago.
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Leeds Castle
Leeds Castle is in Kent, England, southeast of Maidstone.
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Lever escapement
The lever escapement, invented by British clockmaker Thomas Mudge in 1755, is a type of escapement that is used in almost all mechanical watches, as well as small mechanical non-pendulum clocks, alarm clocks, and kitchen timers.
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Liang Lingzan
Liang Lingzan was a Tang Dynasty military engineer and government official of the Kaiyuan era.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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Linkage (mechanical)
A mechanical linkage is an assembly of bodies connected to manage forces and movement.
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List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world
The following is a list of inventions made in the medieval Islamic world, especially during the "Islamic Golden Age" (8th to 13th centuries), as well as the late medieval period, especially in the Emirate of Granada and the Ottoman Empire.
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Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publisher founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and his partner, James Brown, and for close to two centuries has published fiction and nonfiction by American authors.
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Livery company
The livery companies of the City of London, currently 110 in number, comprise London's ancient and modern trade associations and guilds, almost all of which are styled the "Worshipful Company of..." their respective craft, trade or profession.
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Lock (security device)
A lock is a mechanical or electronic fastening device that is released by a physical object (such as a key, keycard, fingerprint, RFID card, security token, coin etc.), by supplying secret information (such as a keycode or password), or by a combination thereof.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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London Bridge
Several bridges named London Bridge have spanned the River Thames between the City of London and Southwark, in central London.
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Longitude
Longitude, is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface.
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Longitude (book)
Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time is a best-selling book by Dava Sobel about John Harrison, an 18th-century clockmaker who created the first clock (chronometer) sufficiently accurate to be used to determine longitude at sea—an important development in navigation.
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Longitude rewards
The longitude rewards were the system of inducement prizes offered by the British government as a simple and practical method for the precise determination of a ship's longitude at sea.
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Louis Essen
Louis Essen FRS O.B.E. (6 September 1908 – 24 August 1997) was an English physicist whose most notable achievements were in the precise measurement of time and the determination of the speed of light.
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Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly behind Earth and into its shadow.
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Lunar phase
The lunar phase or phase of the Moon is the shape of the directly sunlit portion of the Moon as viewed from Earth.
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Lund Cathedral
The Lund Cathedral (Lunds domkyrka) is the Lutheran cathedral in Lund, Scania, Sweden.
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Magdeburg
Magdeburg (Low Saxon: Meideborg) is the capital city and the second largest city of the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
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Mainspring
A mainspring is a spiral torsion spring of metal ribbon—commonly spring steel—used as a power source in mechanical watches, some clocks, and other clockwork mechanisms.
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Maintaining power
In horology, a maintaining power is a mechanism for keeping a clock or watch going while it is being wound.
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Manitoba Museum
The Manitoba Museum, previously the Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature is the largest museum in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Mannequin
A mannequin (also called a manikin, dummy, lay figure or dress form) is an often articulated doll used by artists, tailors, dressmakers, windowdressers and others especially to display or fit clothing.
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Mappin & Webb
Mappin & Webb is a jewellery company headquartered in the United Kingdom.
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Marine chronometer
A marine chronometer is a timepiece that is precise and accurate enough to be used as a portable time standard; it can therefore be used to determine longitude by means of celestial navigation.
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Mario Taddei
Mario Taddei (born September 28, 1972) is an Italian academic, and technical director and chief researcher at the Italian study center Leonardo3 in Milan.
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Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary was a 1st-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth, and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran.
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Maser
A maser (an acronym for "microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation") is a device that produces coherent electromagnetic waves through amplification by stimulated emission.
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Mechanical watch
A mechanical watch is a watch that uses a mechanism to measure the passage of time, as opposed to modern quartz watches which function electronically.
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Medieval Latin
Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange, as the liturgical language of Chalcedonian Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church, and as a language of science, literature, law, and administration.
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Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones.
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Mercury (element)
Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
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Meridian (astronomy)
In astronomy, the meridian is the great circle passing through the celestial poles, the zenith, and the nadir of an observer's location.
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Merkhet
The merkhet or merjet ("instrument of knowing") was an ancient timekeeping instrument.
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Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.
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Metric system
The metric system is an internationally adopted decimal system of measurement.
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Microelectronics
Microelectronics is a subfield of electronics.
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Middle Dutch
Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) spoken and written between 1150 and 1500.
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Middle English
Middle English (ME) is collectively the varieties of the English language spoken after the Norman Conquest (1066) until the late 15th century; scholarly opinion varies but the Oxford English Dictionary specifies the period of 1150 to 1500.
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Mikuláš of Kadaň
Mikuláš of Kadaň (Mikuláš z Kadaně) (born 1350, Kadaň – died 1419, Prague) was an Imperial clockmaker who designed the clock machine of the Prague Astronomical Clock around 1410, together with Jan Šindel.
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Milan
Milan (Milano; Milan) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,380,873 while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,235,000.
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Monastery
A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).
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Moon
The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth and is Earth's only permanent natural satellite.
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Moors
The term "Moors" refers primarily to the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and Malta during the Middle Ages.
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Mosque
A mosque (from masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims.
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Mustansiriya Madrasah
Mustansiriya Madrasah (Arabic,المدرسة المستنصرية) is a historical building in Baghdad, Iraq.
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National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors
The National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors (NAWCC) is an American non-profit organization with about 13,000 members.
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National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.
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National Maritime Museum
The National Maritime Museum (NMM) in Greenwich, London, is the leading maritime museum of the United Kingdom and may be the largest museum of its kind in the world.
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National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is the national measurement standards laboratory for the United Kingdom, based at Bushy Park in Teddington, London, England.
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National Watch and Clock Museum
The National Watch and Clock Museum (USA) (NWCM), located in Columbia, Pennsylvania, is one of a very few museums in the United States dedicated solely to horology, which is the history, science and art of timekeeping and timekeepers.
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Neo-Babylonian Empire
The Neo-Babylonian Empire (also Second Babylonian Empire) was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 626 BC and ended in 539 BC.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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New York City
The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.
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Noon
Noon (also midday or noon time) is 12 o'clock in the daytime, as opposed to midnight.
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Nowruz
Nowruz (نوروز,; literally "new day") is the name of the Iranian New Year, also known as the Persian New Year, which is celebrated worldwide by various ethno-linguistic groups as the beginning of the New Year.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation.
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Numeral system
A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.
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Nuremberg
Nuremberg (Nürnberg) is a city on the river Pegnitz and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about north of Munich.
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Obelisk
An obelisk (from ὀβελίσκος obeliskos; diminutive of ὀβελός obelos, "spit, nail, pointed pillar") is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top.
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Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial or celestial events.
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Oil-lamp clock
Oil-lamp clocks are clocks consisting of a graduated glass reservoir to hold oil - usually whale oil, which burned cleanly and evenly - supplying the fuel for a built-in lamp.
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Old French
Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; Modern French: ancien français) was the language spoken in Northern France from the 8th century to the 14th century.
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Online Etymology Dictionary
The Online Etymology Dictionary is a free online dictionary written and compiled by Douglas Harper that describes the origins of English-language words.
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Oronce Finé
Oronce Finé (or Fine; Latin: Orontius Finnaeus or Finaeus; Oronzio Fineo; 20 December 1494 – 8 August 1555) was a French mathematician and cartographer.
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Ottery St Mary astronomical clock
Ottery St Mary Astronomical Clock is a 15th-century astronomical clock in St Mary's Church, Ottery St Mary, in Devon in south-west England.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Oxford
Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.
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Oxford Electric Bell
The Oxford Electric Bell or Clarendon Dry Pile is an experimental electric bell that was set up in 1840 and which has run nearly continuously ever since.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Pacificus of Verona
Pacificus of Verona (Italian: Pacifico di Verona) (776 – 23 November 844 AD) was a 9th-century Carolingian Italian religious leader, notable for his tenure as the archdeacon of Verona from 803 until his death in 844, as well as the historiographical debate over the validity of the many achievements ascribed to him.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Patek Philippe & Co.
Patek Philippe & Co. is a luxury Swiss watch manufacturer founded in 1851, located in Geneva and the Vallée de Joux.
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Pendulum
A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely.
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Pendulum clock
A pendulum clock is a clock that uses a pendulum, a swinging weight, as its timekeeping element.
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Pennyweight
A pennyweight (abbreviated dwt, from denarius weight) is a unit of mass that is equal to 24 grains, of a troy ounce, of a troy pound, approximately 0.054857 avoirdupois ounce and exactly 1.55517384 grams.
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Pharaoh
Pharaoh (ⲡⲣ̅ⲣⲟ Prro) is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Empire in 30 BCE, although the actual term "Pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until circa 1200 BCE.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.
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Philo of Byzantium
Philo of Byzantium (Φίλων ὁ Βυζάντιος, Philōn ho Byzantios, ca. 280 BC – ca. 220 BC), also known as Philo Mechanicus, was a Greek engineer, physicist and writer on mechanics, who lived during the latter half of the 3rd century BC.
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Physical Review Letters
Physical Review Letters (PRL), established in 1958, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society.
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Piazza San Marco
Piazza San Marco (Piasa San Marco), often known in English as St Mark's Square, is the principal public square of Venice, Italy, where it is generally known just as la Piazza ("the Square").
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Pierre Curie
Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity.
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Pierre-Simon Laplace
Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar whose work was important to the development of mathematics, statistics, physics and astronomy.
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Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to applied mechanical stress.
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Pinchbeck (alloy)
Pinchbeck is a form of brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, mixed in proportions so that it closely resembles gold in appearance.
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Place de la Concorde
The Place de la Concorde is one of the major public squares in Paris, France.
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Plato
Plato (Πλάτων Plátōn, in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
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Platonic Academy
The Academy (Ancient Greek: Ἀκαδημία) was founded by Plato (428/427 BC – 348/347 BC) in ca.
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Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Elder (born Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23–79) was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and friend of emperor Vespasian.
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Plumb bob
A plumb bob, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical reference line, or plumb-line.
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Pocket watch
A pocket watch (or pocketwatch) is a watch that is made to be carried in a pocket, as opposed to a wristwatch, which is strapped to the wrist.
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Polaris
Polaris, designated Alpha Ursae Minoris (Ursae Minoris, abbreviated Alpha UMi, UMi), commonly the North Star or Pole Star, is the brightest star in the constellation of Ursa Minor.
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Pole star
Pole star or polar star refers to a star, preferably bright, closely aligned to the axis of rotation of an astronomical object.
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Polymath
A polymath (πολυμαθής,, "having learned much,"The term was first recorded in written English in the early seventeenth century Latin: uomo universalis, "universal man") is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas—such a person is known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.
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Pope Sylvester II
Pope Sylvester II or Silvester II (– 12 May 1003) was Pope from 2 April 999 to his death in 1003.
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Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.
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Prague
Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.
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Prague astronomical clock
The Prague astronomical clock, or Prague orloj (Pražský orloj), is a medieval astronomical clock located in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic.
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Precinct of Amun-Re
The Precinct of Amun-Re, located near Luxor, Egypt, is one of the four main temple enclosures that make up the immense Karnak Temple Complex.
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Prehistoric Europe
Prehistoric Europe is the designation for the period of human presence in Europe before the start of recorded history, beginning in the Lower Paleolithic.
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Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
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Pressure head
In fluid mechanics, pressure head is the internal energy of a fluid due to the pressure exerted on its container.
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Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892), was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) and grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria.
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Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Qanat
A qanāt (قنات) is a gently sloping underground channel to transport water from an aquifer or water well to surface for irrigation and drinking.
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Quartz
Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.
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Quartz clock
A quartz clock is a clock that uses an electronic oscillator that is regulated by a quartz crystal to keep time.
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Queen Victoria
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death.
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Rabbi
In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah.
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Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
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Radio clock
A radio clock or radio-controlled clock (RCC) is a clock that is automatically synchronized by a time code transmitted by a radio transmitter connected to a time standard such as an atomic clock.
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Recorded history
Recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication.
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Reggio Emilia
Reggio Emilia (also; Rèz, Regium Lepidi) is a city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region.
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Repeater (horology)
A repeater is a complication in a mechanical watch or clock that audibly chimes the hours and often minutes at the press of a button.
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Resonance
In physics, resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies.
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Richard of Wallingford
Richard of Wallingford (1292–1336) was an English mathematician, astronomer, horologist, and cleric who made major contributions to astronomy and horology while serving as abbot of St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire.
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Richmond, London
Richmond is a suburban town in south-west London, The London Government Act 1963 (c.33) (as amended) categorises the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames as an Outer London borough.
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Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (24 June 1532 – 4 September 1588) was an English nobleman and the favourite and close friend of Elizabeth I's, from her first year on the throne until his death.
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Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke FRS (– 3 March 1703) was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath.
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Rolex
Rolex SA is a Swiss luxury watchmaker.
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Rota Fortunae
In medieval and ancient philosophy the Wheel of Fortune, or Rota Fortunae, is a symbol of the capricious nature of Fate.
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Rotational energy
Rotational energy or angular kinetic energy is kinetic energy due to the rotation of an object and is part of its total kinetic energy.
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Rouen
Rouen (Frankish: Rodomo; Rotomagus, Rothomagus) is a city on the River Seine in the north of France.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Rubidium
Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37.
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Saint George
Saint George (Γεώργιος, Geṓrgios; Georgius;; to 23 April 303), according to legend, was a Roman soldier of Greek origin and a member of the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, who was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith.
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Salah times
Salah times refers to times when Muslims perform prayers (salah).
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Salisbury cathedral clock
The Salisbury cathedral clock is a large iron-framed clock without a dial located in the aisle of Salisbury Cathedral.
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Science and technology in China
Science and technology have developed rapidly in China during the 1990s to 2010s.
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Science and technology of the Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (960–1279 CE) provided some of the most significant technological advances in Chinese history, many of which came from talented statesmen drafted by the government through imperial examinations.
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Science Museum, London
The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London.
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Scientific American
Scientific American (informally abbreviated SciAm) is an American popular science magazine.
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Scilly naval disaster of 1707
The Scilly naval disaster of 1707 was the loss of four warships of a Royal Navy fleet off the Isles of Scilly in severe weather on 22 October 1707.
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Second Boer War
The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa.
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Seiko
(), commonly known as Seiko, is a Japanese holding company that has subsidiaries which manufactures and sells watches, clocks, electronic devices, semiconductors, jewelries, and optical products.
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Seville
Seville (Sevilla) is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville, Spain.
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Sexagesimal
Sexagesimal (base 60) is a numeral system with sixty as its base.
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Shang dynasty
The Shang dynasty or Yin dynasty, according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Zhou dynasty.
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Shōsōin
The is the treasure house that belongs to Tōdai-ji in Nara, Nara, Japan.
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Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo (1031–1095), courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544.
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Ship's bell
A ship's bell is used to indicate the time aboard a ship and hence to regulate the sailors' duty watches.
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Sicily
Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Siphon
The word siphon (from σίφων "pipe, tube", also spelled syphon) is used to refer to a wide variety of devices that involve the flow of liquids through tubes.
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Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge," is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States.
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Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.
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Soho
Soho is an area of the City of Westminster, part of the West End of London.
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Solar time
Solar time is a calculation of the passage of time based on the position of the Sun in the sky.
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Solarium Augusti
The Solarium Augusti (also called Horologium Augusti) was an ancient Roman monument in the Campus Martius constructed during the reign of Augustus.
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Solstice
A solstice is an event occurring when the Sun appears to reach its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere.
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Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.
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Spanish language
Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.
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Spring (device)
A spring is an elastic object that stores mechanical energy.
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St Albans Cathedral
St Albans Cathedral, sometimes called the Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban, and referred to locally as "the Abbey", is a Church of England cathedral in St Albans, England.
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St Edmundsbury
St Edmundsbury is a local government district and borough in Suffolk, England.
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St Mark's Clock
St Mark's Clock is housed in the Clock Tower on the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Italy, adjoining the Procuratie Vecchie.
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St Mark's Clocktower
The Clock Tower in Venice is an early Renaissance building on the north side of the Piazza San Marco, at the entrance to the Merceria.
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Standardization
Standardization or standardisation is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments Standardization can help to maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality.
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Star clock
A star clock (or nocturnal) is a method of using the stars to determine the time.
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Steelyard balance
A steelyard balance, steelyard, or stilyard is a straight-beam balance with arms of unequal length.
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Stone circle
A stone circle is an alignment of standing stones arranged in a circle.
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Stonehenge
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, west of Amesbury.
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Strasbourg astronomical clock
The Strasbourg astronomical clock is located in the Cathédrale Notre-Dame of Strasbourg, Alsace, France.
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Striking clock
A striking clock (also known as chiming clock) is a clock that sounds the hours audibly on a bell or gong.
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Su Song
Su Song (courtesy name: Zirong 子容) (1020–1101 AD) was a renowned Hokkien polymath who was described as a scientist, mathematician, statesman, astronomer, cartographer, horologist, medical doctor, pharmacologist, mineralogist, zoologist, botanist, mechanical and architectural engineer, poet, antiquarian, and ambassador of the Song Dynasty (960–1279).
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Sui dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance.
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Sumer
SumerThe name is from Akkadian Šumeru; Sumerian en-ĝir15, approximately "land of the civilized kings" or "native land".
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Summer solstice
The summer solstice (or estival solstice), also known as midsummer, occurs when one of the Earth's poles has its maximum tilt toward the Sun.
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Sun
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
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Sundial
A sundial is a device that tells the time of day when there is sunlight by the apparent position of the Sun in the sky.
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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System of measurement
A system of measurement is a collection of units of measurement and rules relating them to each other.
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T-square
A T-square is a technical drawing instrument used by draftsmen primarily as a guide for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting table.
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Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf ash-Shami al-Asadi (Arabic: تقي الدين محمد بن معروف الشامي, Turkish: Takiyüddin or Taki) (1526–1585) was an Ottoman polymath active in Constantinople.
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Tarrytown, New York
Tarrytown is a village in the town of Greenburgh in Westchester County, New York, United States.
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The Golden Ass
The Metamorphoses of Apuleius, which St. Augustine referred to as The Golden Ass (Asinus aureus), is the only ancient Roman novel in Latin to survive in its entirety.
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Theaetetus (dialogue)
The Theaetetus (Θεαίτητος) is one of Plato's dialogues concerning the nature of knowledge, written circa 369 BC.
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Theodosius of Bithynia
Theodosius of Bithynia (Θεοδόσιος; c. 160 BC – c. 100 BC) was a Greek astronomer and mathematician who wrote the Sphaerics, a book on the geometry of the sphere.
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Third Anglo-Burmese War
The Third Anglo-Burmese War, also known as the Third Burma War, was a conflict that took place during 7–29 November 1885, with sporadic resistance and insurgency continuing into 1887.
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Tholsel
The term Tholsel (Irish tólsail) refers to extant and former public buildings in Ireland's towns and cities.
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Thomas Earnshaw
Thomas Earnshaw (4 February 1749 in Ashton-under-Lyne – 1 March 1829 in London) was an English watchmaker who, following John Arnold's earlier work, further simplified the process of marine chronometer production, making them available to the general public.
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Thomas Mudge (horologist)
Thomas Mudge (1715 – 14 November 1794, London) was an English horologist who invented the lever escapement, the greatest single improvement ever applied to pocket watches.
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Thomas Tompion
Thomas Tompion (1639–1713) was an English clockmaker, watchmaker and mechanician who is still regarded to this day as the Father of English Clockmaking.
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Thomas Woods
Thomas Ernest Woods Jr. (born August 1, 1972) is an American historian, political commentator, author, and podcaster.
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Tibet
Tibet is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Central Asia.
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Time
Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
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Time Life
Direct Holdings Global LLC, through its subsidiaries StarVista Live, Lifestyle Products Group and Time Life, is a creator and direct marketer that is known for selling books, music, video/DVD, and multimedia products.
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Time standard
A time standard is a specification for measuring time: either the rate at which time passes; or points in time; or both.
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Timeline of time measurement technology
Timeline of time measurement technology.
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Torque
Torque, moment, or moment of force is rotational force.
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Tower of the Winds
The Tower of the Winds or the Horologion of Andronikos Kyrrhestes is an octagonal Pentelic marble clocktower in the Roman Agora in Athens that functioned as a horologion or "timepiece".
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Trench warfare
Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
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Trigonometry
Trigonometry (from Greek trigōnon, "triangle" and metron, "measure") is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships involving lengths and angles of triangles.
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Tuileries Palace
The Tuileries Palace (Palais des Tuileries) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine.
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Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe (born Tyge Ottesen Brahe;. He adopted the Latinized form "Tycho Brahe" (sometimes written Tÿcho) at around age fifteen. The name Tycho comes from Tyche (Τύχη, meaning "luck" in Greek, Roman equivalent: Fortuna), a tutelary deity of fortune and prosperity of ancient Greek city cults. He is now generally referred to as "Tycho," as was common in Scandinavia in his time, rather than by his surname "Brahe" (a spurious appellative form of his name, Tycho de Brahe, only appears much later). 14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations.
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Umayyad Mosque
The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus (جامع بني أمية الكبير, Romanization: Ğāmi' Banī 'Umayya al-Kabīr), located in the old city of Damascus, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world.
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UNESCO Courier
The UNESCO Courier is the main magazine published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO.
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University of California Press
University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University of Michigan Press
The University of Michigan Press is part of Michigan Publishing at the University of Michigan Library.
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University of Padua
The University of Padua (Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is a premier Italian university located in the city of Padua, Italy.
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University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews (informally known as St Andrews University or simply St Andrews; abbreviated as St And, from the Latin Sancti Andreae, in post-nominals) is a British public research university in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.
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University of Texas Press
The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin.
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Vacuum tube
In electronics, a vacuum tube, an electron tube, or just a tube (North America), or valve (Britain and some other regions) is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container.
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Vajrayana
Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia.
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Venice
Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
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Verge escapement
The verge (or crown wheel) escapement is the earliest known type of mechanical escapement, the mechanism in a mechanical clock that controls its rate by allowing the gear train to advance at regular intervals or 'ticks'.
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Verona
Verona (Venetian: Verona or Veròna) is a city on the Adige river in Veneto, Italy, with approximately 257,000 inhabitants and one of the seven provincial capitals of the region.
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Versailles, Yvelines
Versailles is a city in the Yvelines département in Île-de-France region, renowned worldwide for the Château de Versailles and the gardens of Versailles, designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Vigesimal
The vigesimal or base 20 numeral system is based on twenty (in the same way in which the decimal numeral system is based on ten).
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Vitruvius
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC), commonly known as Vitruvius, was a Roman author, architect, civil engineer and military engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled De architectura.
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Voltaic pile
The voltaic pile was the first electrical battery that could continuously provide an electric current to a circuit.
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Waistcoat
A waistcoat (or; often called a vest in American English, and colloquially a weskit) is a sleeveless upper-body garment.
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Walter Guyton Cady
Dr.
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War Office
The War Office was a department of the British Government responsible for the administration of the British Army between 1857 and 1964, when its functions were transferred to the Ministry of Defence.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.
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Washstand
A washstand or basin stand is a piece of furniture consisting of a small table or cabinet, usually supported on three or four legs, and most commonly made of mahogany, walnut, or rosewood, and made for holding a wash basin and water pitcher.
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Watch
A watch is a timepiece intended to be carried or worn by a person.
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Watchmaker
A watchmaker is an artisan who makes and repairs watches.
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Water clock
A water clock or clepsydra (Greek κλεψύδρα from κλέπτειν kleptein, 'to steal'; ὕδωρ hydor, 'water') is any timepiece in which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel where the amount is then measured.
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Water wheel
A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.
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Webster's Dictionary
Webster's Dictionary is any of the dictionaries edited by Noah Webster in the early nineteenth century, and numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's name.
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Wells Cathedral clock
The Wells Cathedral clock is an astronomical clock in the north transept of Wells Cathedral, England.
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West End of London
The West End of London (commonly referred to as the West End) is an area of Central and West London in which many of the city's major tourist attractions, shops, businesses, government buildings and entertainment venues, including West End theatres, are concentrated.
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Western Europe
Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.
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Western world
The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.
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William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a Scots-Irish mathematical physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824.
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Wimborne Minster astronomical clock
Wimborne Minster astronomical clock is a fourteenth-century astronomical clock in Wimborne Minster, regarded as "one of the most ancient working clocks in Europe.".
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Winter solstice
The winter solstice (or hibernal solstice), also known as midwinter, is an astronomical phenomenon marking the day with the shortest period of daylight and the longest night of the year.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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Worshipful Company of Clockmakers
The Worshipful Company of Clockmakers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London.
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Yaldā Night
Shab-e Yalda ("Yalda night" شب یلدا) or Shab-e Chelleh ("night of forty", شب چله) is an Iranian festival celebrated on the "longest and darkest night of the year," Yalda is a winter solstice celebration, that is, in the night of the Northern Hemisphere's winter solstice.
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Yanjing
Yanjing (Chinese: 燕京, also known as Youzhou 幽州, Ji 薊 or Fanyang 范陽 for administrative purposes) was an ancient city and capital of the State of Yan in northern China.
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Yi Xing
Yi Xing (683–727), born Zhang Sui, was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, mechanical engineer and Buddhist monk of the Tang dynasty (618–907).
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Yorkshire
Yorkshire (abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom.
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Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng (AD 78–139), formerly romanized as Chang Heng, was a Han Chinese polymath from Nanyang who lived during the Han dynasty.
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Zhang Sixun
Zhang Sixun (fl. 10th century) was a Chinese astronomer and military engineer from Bazhong, Sichuan during the early Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD).
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Zhou dynasty
The Zhou dynasty or the Zhou Kingdom was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty.
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Zibad
Zibad (زيبَد, also Romanized as Zībad) is a village in Zibad Rural District, Kakhk District, Gonabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.
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Zodiac
The zodiac is an area of the sky that extends approximately 8° north or south (as measured in celestial latitude) of the ecliptic, the apparent path of the Sun across the celestial sphere over the course of the year.
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Redirects here:
History of clocks, History of time keeping, History of timekeeping, History of timekeeping instruments, History of timekeepinig, History of timepieces, Pilot watches, Precision timekeeping, Time and measurement, Timekeeping, Wrist watch (history).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_devices
