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Horst Köhler

Index Horst Köhler

Horst Köhler (born 22 February 1943) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union, and served as President of Germany from 2004 to 2010. [1]

166 relations: Abitur, Afghanistan, African Development Bank, Agence France-Presse, Aktion Deutschland Hilft, Alexandre Lamfalussy, Angela Merkel, Anne Osborn Krueger, António Guterres, ARD (broadcaster), Argentina, Ban Ki-moon, Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, Bălți, BBC News, Bellevue Palace (Germany), Berlin, Bessarabia, Bessarabia Germans, Birgit Hogefeld, Brazil, Brother Roger, Bundesrat of Germany, Bundestag, Bundeswehr, Burgundy, Caio Koch-Weser, Chancellor of Germany (1949–present), Chancellor of the Exchequer, Charles Frank, Charlottenburg Palace, Chiemgau, Christian Democratic Union of Germany, Christian Klar, Christian Social Union in Bavaria, Christian Wulff, Club of Madrid, Club of Rome, David Cameron, David Stout, Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Der Spiegel, Deutsche Flugsicherung, Deutsche Post, Deutsche Welle, Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband, Deutschlandradio, Die Welt, Doctorate, East Germany, ..., Economics, Edmund L. Andrews, Electoral college, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Ellwangen, Emerging Markets Forum, Euro, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Eva Köhler, Evangelical Church in Germany, Federal Convention (Germany), Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany), Financial Times, Free Democratic Party (Germany), Friede Springer, Friedrich-August-von-Hayek-Stiftung, General Government, Generalplan Ost, George W. Bush, Gerhard Schröder, Gerhard Stoltenberg, German presidential election, 2004, German presidential election, 2009, German-occupied Poland, Gesine Schwan, Gordon Brown, Group of Seven, Gunboat diplomacy, Gymnasium (Germany), Helmut Kohl, Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Indonesia, International Monetary Fund, Jacques de Larosière, Jean Lemierre, Jens Böhrnsen, Joachim Gauck, Johannes Rau, John Kufuor, John Lipsky, Joseph Kahn (journalist), Kofi Annan, Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Leipzig, Leutnant, Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, London, Ludwigsburg, Maastricht Treaty, Mark Landler, Michel Camdessus, Millennium Development Goals, Minimum wage, Moldova, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Monasticism, Moral authority, Morocco, Motion of no confidence, Nazi–Soviet population transfers, Opera Village Africa, Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Order of Prince Henry, Order of St. Olav, Order of the Netherlands Lion, Order of the White Eagle (Poland), Order of Vytautas the Great, Panzergrenadier, Pardon, Patriotism, PDF, PIN Group, Poland, Polisario Front, Political science, President of Germany, President of the United States, Rîșcani, Red Army Faction, Refugee camp, Retinitis pigmentosa, Reuters, Richard Bernstein, Rodrigo Rato, Romania, Rotary International, Russia, Schleswig-Holstein, Sherpa (emissary), Skierbieszów, Soviet Union, Stanley Fischer, States of Germany, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Sustainable Development Goals, Taizé Community, Thabo Mbeki, The National German Sustainability Award, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Theo Waigel, Timothy Geithner, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Treuhandanstalt, Turkey, University of Tübingen, Washington, D.C., Wehrmacht, West Berlin, Western Sahara, Wole Soyinka, World Bank, Zamość, 1997 Asian financial crisis. Expand index (116 more) »

Abitur

Abitur is a qualification granted by university-preparatory schools in Germany, Lithuania, and Estonia.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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African Development Bank

The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) or Banque Africaine de Développement (BAD) is a multilateral development finance institution.

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Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.

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Aktion Deutschland Hilft

Aktion Deutschland Hilft e.V. – Bündnis deutscher Hilfsorganisationen (ADH) (Campaign Germany helps association - alliance of German aid organisations) with headquarter in Bonn is a connection of German Aid agencies for Humanitarian aid, with the target to help faster and more efficient through coordination and combination of efforts in case of a disaster and to raise Donations together.

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Alexandre Lamfalussy

Baron Alexandre Lamfalussy (Hungarian:báró Lámfalussy Sándor, 26 April 1929 – 9 May 2015), was a Hungarian-born Belgian economist and central banker.

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Angela Merkel

Angela Dorothea Merkel (Kasner, born 17 July 1954) is a German politician serving as Chancellor of Germany since 2005 and leader of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since 2000.

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Anne Osborn Krueger

Anne Osborn Krueger (born February 12, 1934) is an American economist.

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António Guterres

António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres GCC GCL (born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician and diplomat who is serving as the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations.

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ARD (broadcaster)

ARD (full name: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland – Consortium of public broadcasters in Germany) is a joint organisation of Germany's regional public-service broadcasters.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Ban Ki-moon

Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 2007 to December 2016.

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Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany

The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Bălți

Bălți (Belz, Bielce, Бельцы,, Бєльці,, בעלץ) is a city in Moldova.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Bellevue Palace (Germany)

Bellevue Palace (Schloss Bellevue), located in Berlin's Tiergarten district, has been the official residence of the President of Germany since 1994.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.

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Bessarabia

Bessarabia (Basarabia; Бессарабия, Bessarabiya; Besarabya; Бессара́бія, Bessarabiya; Бесарабия, Besarabiya) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.

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Bessarabia Germans

The Bessarabia Germans (Bessarabiendeutsche, Germani basarabeni, Бессарабські німці) were an ethnic group who lived in Bessarabia (today part of the Republic of Moldova and south-western Ukraine) between 1814 and 1940.

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Birgit Hogefeld

Birgit Hogefeld (born 27 July 1956) served in the West German Red Army Faction (RAF).

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Brother Roger

Roger Schütz, popularly known as Brother Roger (Frère Roger; May 12, 1915 – August 16, 2005), was a Swiss Christian leader and monastic brother.

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Bundesrat of Germany

The German Bundesrat (literally "Federal Council") is a legislative body that represents the sixteen Länder (federated states) of Germany at the national level.

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Bundestag

The Bundestag ("Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament.

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Bundeswehr

The Bundeswehr (Federal Defence) is the unified armed forces of Germany and their civil administration and procurement authorities.

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Burgundy

Burgundy (Bourgogne) is a historical territory and a former administrative region of France.

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Caio Koch-Weser

Caio Kai Koch-Weser (born July 25, 1944 in Rolândia, Brazil) is a German economist, civil servant and business executive.

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Chancellor of Germany (1949–present)

The Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (in German called Bundeskanzler(in), meaning "Federal Chancellor", or in) for short) is, under the German 1949 Constitution, the head of government of Germany.

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Chancellor of the Exchequer

The Chancellor and Under-Treasurer of Her Majesty's Exchequer, commonly known as the Chancellor of the Exchequer, or simply the Chancellor, is a senior official within the Government of the United Kingdom and head of Her Majesty's Treasury.

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Charles Frank

Charles Reser Frank (born April 17, 1947) is an American actor noted for playing Bret Maverick's cousin Ben Maverick in the 1978 TV-movie The New Maverick with James Garner and Jack Kelly, and in the short-lived 1979 television series Young Maverick.

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Charlottenburg Palace

Charlottenburg Palace (German: Schloss Charlottenburg) is the largest palace in Berlin, Germany.

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Chiemgau

Chiemgau is the common name of a geographic area in Upper Bavaria.

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Christian Democratic Union of Germany

The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands, CDU) is a Christian democratic and liberal-conservative political party in Germany.

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Christian Klar

Christian Klar (born 20 May 1952) was a leading member of the second generation Red Army Faction (RAF) between the 1970s and 1980s.

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Christian Social Union in Bavaria

The Christian Social Union in Bavaria is a Christian-democratic and conservative political party in Germany.

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Christian Wulff

Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff (born 1959) is a German politician and lawyer.

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Club of Madrid

The Club de Madrid is an independent non-profit organization created to promote democracy and change in the international community.

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Club of Rome

The Club of Rome describes itself as "an organisation of individuals who share a common concern for the future of humanity and strive to make a difference.

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David Cameron

David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016.

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David Stout

David Stout (born c. 1942 in Erie, Pennsylvania) is a journalist and author of mystery novels, two of which have been turned into TV movies, and of non-fiction about violent crime.

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Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria

The Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich) is a national honour awarded by the Republic of Austria.

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Der Spiegel

Der Spiegel (lit. "The Mirror") is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

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Deutsche Flugsicherung

Deutsche Flugsicherung (DFS) is the company in charge of air traffic control for Germany.

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Deutsche Post

The Deutsche Post AG, operating under the trade name Deutsche Post DHL Group, is a German postal service and international courier service company, the world's largest.

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Deutsche Welle

Deutsche Welle ("German wave" in German) or DW is Germany's public international broadcaster.

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Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband

Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband (DSGV) is the German association of savings banks.

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Deutschlandradio

Deutschlandradio (DLR or DRadio) is a national German public radio broadcaster.

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Die Welt

Die Welt ("The World") is a German national daily newspaper, published as a broadsheet by Axel Springer SE.

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Doctorate

A doctorate (from Latin docere, "to teach") or doctor's degree (from Latin doctor, "teacher") or doctoral degree (from the ancient formalism licentia docendi) is an academic degree awarded by universities that is, in most countries, a research degree that qualifies the holder to teach at the university level in the degree's field, or to work in a specific profession.

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East Germany

East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), existed from 1949 to 1990 and covers the period when the eastern portion of Germany existed as a state that was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War period.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Edmund L. Andrews

Edmund L. Andrews is a former economics reporter for The New York Times who served as a technology reporter in Washington, European economics correspondent and Washington economics correspondent.

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Electoral college

An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office.

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Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born 29 October 1938) is a Liberian politician who served as the 24th President of Liberia from 2006 to 2018.

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Ellwangen

Ellwangen an der Jagst, officially Ellwangen (Jagst), in common use simply Ellwangen is a town in the district of Ostalbkreis in the east of Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

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Emerging Markets Forum

The Emerging Markets Forum (EMF) is an accredited non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to developing dialogue on economic, financial, and social issues facing emerging market economies.

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Euro

The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.

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European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is an international financial institution founded in 1991.

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Eva Köhler

Eva Luise Köhler (born 2 January 1947 in Ludwigsburg as Eva Luise Bohnet) is the wife of the former German President Horst Köhler (Mandate: 1 July 2004 – 31 May 2010) and as such, was sometimes referred to by the media as the "First Lady" during her husband's presidency.

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Evangelical Church in Germany

The Evangelical Church in Germany (Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland, abbreviated EKD) is a federation of twenty Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist) and United (Prussian Union) Protestant regional churches and denominations in Germany, which collectively encompasses the vast majority of Protestants in that country.

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Federal Convention (Germany)

The Federal Convention, also known as the Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung), is a special constitutional body in the political and federal institutional system of Germany, convened solely for the purpose of electing the President of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundespräsident), either every five years or within 30 days of the premature termination of a presidential term.

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Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy

The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie), abbreviated BMWi, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)

The Federal Ministry of Finance (Bundesministerium der Finanzen), abbreviated BMF, is the cabinet-level finance ministry of Germany, with its seat at the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus in Berlin and a secondary office in Bonn.

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Financial Times

The Financial Times (FT) is a Japanese-owned (since 2015), English-language international daily newspaper headquartered in London, with a special emphasis on business and economic news.

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Free Democratic Party (Germany)

The Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP) is a liberal and classical liberal political party in Germany.

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Friede Springer

Friede Springer (born Friede Riewerts on 15 August 1942 in Oldsum on the island of Föhr) is a German publisher and widow of Axel Springer.

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Friedrich-August-von-Hayek-Stiftung

The Friedrich-August-von-Hayek-Stiftung was founded in May 1999 to mark the 100th birthday of the Nobel Prize winner Friedrich August von Hayek.

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General Government

The General Government (Generalgouvernement, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate, was a German zone of occupation established after the joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 at the onset of World War II.

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Generalplan Ost

The Generalplan Ost (Master Plan for the East), abbreviated GPO, was the German government's plan for the genocide and ethnic cleansing on a vast scale, and colonization of Central and Eastern Europe by Germans.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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Gerhard Schröder

Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder (born 7 April 1944) is a German politician, and served as Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005, during which his most important political project was the Agenda 2010.

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Gerhard Stoltenberg

Gerhard Stoltenberg (September 29, 1928 – November 23, 2001) was a German politician (CDU) and minister in the cabinets of Ludwig Erhard, Kurt Georg Kiesinger and Helmut Kohl.

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German presidential election, 2004

The President of Germany (Bundespräsident) is the titular head of state of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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German presidential election, 2009

An indirect presidential election (officially the 13th Federal Convention) was held in Germany on 23 May 2009.

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German-occupied Poland

German-occupied Poland during World War II consisted of two major parts with different type of administration.

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Gesine Schwan

Gesine Schwan (born 22 May 1943) is a German political science professor and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.

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Gordon Brown

James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.

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Group of Seven

The Group of Seven (G7) is a group consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

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Gunboat diplomacy

In international politics, gunboat diplomacy (or "Big Stick ideology" in U.S. history) refers to the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of naval powerimplying or constituting a direct threat of warfare, should terms not be agreeable to the superior force.

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Gymnasium (Germany)

Gymnasium (German plural: Gymnasien), in the German education system, is the most advanced of the three types of German secondary schools, the others being Realschule and Hauptschule. Gymnasium strongly emphasizes academic learning, comparable to the British grammar school system or with prep schools in the United States.

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Helmut Kohl

Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (3 April 1930 – 16 June 2017) was a German statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 (of West Germany 1982–1990 and of the reunited Germany 1990–1998) and as the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998.

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Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta

Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (born 29 January 1945), or as he is often known, IBK, is a Malian politician who has been President of Mali since 2013.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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Jacques de Larosière

Jacques de Larosière de Champfeu (born 12 November 1929 in Paris) is a French central banker.

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Jean Lemierre

Jean Lemierre (born 6 June 1950) was president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development from 2000 to 2008.

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Jens Böhrnsen

Jens Böhrnsen (born 12 June 1949) is a German politician of the SPD.

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Joachim Gauck

Joachim Wilhelm Gauck (born 24 January 1940) is a retired German civil rights activist and nonpartisan politician who served as President of Germany from 2012 to 2017.

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Johannes Rau

Johannes Rau (16 January 193127 January 2006) was a German politician of the SPD.

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John Kufuor

John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor (born 8 December 1938) is a Ghanaian politician who was President of Ghana from 7 January 2001 to 7 January 2009.

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John Lipsky

John Phillip Lipsky (born February 19, 1947) is an American economist.

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Joseph Kahn (journalist)

Joseph Kahn (born August 19, 1964 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American journalist who currently serves as managing editor of The New York Times,.

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Kofi Annan

Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006.

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Konrad Adenauer Foundation

The Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. (KAS; Konrad Adenauer Foundation) is a German political party foundation associated with but independent of the centrist Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

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Leipzig

Leipzig is the most populous city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.

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Leutnant

Leutnant (OF-1b) is the lowest Lieutenant officer rank in the armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), Austrian Armed Forces, and military of Switzerland.

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Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings

The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings are annual, scientific conferences held in Lindau, Bavaria, Germany since 1951.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Ludwigsburg

Ludwigsburg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about north of Stuttgart city centre, near the river Neckar.

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Maastricht Treaty

The Treaty on European Union (TEU; also referred to as the Treaty of Maastricht is one of two treaties forming the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU), the other being the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU; also referred to as the Treaty of Rome). The TEU was originally signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands to further European integration. On 9–10 December 1991, the same city hosted the European Council which drafted the treaty. Upon its entry into force on 1 November 1993 during the Delors Commission, it created the three pillars structure of the European Union and led to the creation of the single European currency, the euro. TEU comprised two novel titles respectively on Common Foreign and Security Policy and Cooperation in the Fields of Justice and Home Affairs, which replaced the former informal intergovernmental cooperation bodies named TREVI and European Political Cooperation on EU Foreign policy coordination. In addition TEU also comprised three titles which amended the three pre-existing community treaties: Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, and the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community which had its abbreviation renamed from TEEC to TEC (being known as TFEU since 2007). The Maastricht Treaty (TEU) and all pre-existing treaties, has subsequently been further amended by the treaties of Amsterdam (1997), Nice (2001) and Lisbon (2009).

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Mark Landler

Mark Aurel Landler (born October 26, 1965 in Stuttgart, Germany) is an American journalist who has been a White House Correspondent for The New York Times, based in Washington, D.C., since March 2011.

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Michel Camdessus

Michel Camdessus (born 1 May 1933) is a French applied economist and administrator who was Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 16 January 1987 to 14 February 2000.

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Millennium Development Goals

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were the eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.

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Minimum wage

A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers.

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Moldova

Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.

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Monasticism

Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from μόνος, monos, "alone") or monkhood is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.

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Moral authority

Moral authority is authority premised on principles, or fundamental truths, which are independent of written, or positive, laws.

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Morocco

Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.

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Motion of no confidence

A motion of no confidence (alternatively vote of no confidence, no-confidence motion, or (unsuccessful) confidence motion) is a statement or vote which states that a person(s) in a position of responsibility (government, managerial, etc.) is no longer deemed fit to hold that position, perhaps because they are inadequate in some respect, are failing to carry out obligations, or are making decisions that other members feel are detrimental.

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Nazi–Soviet population transfers

The Nazi–Soviet population transfers were population transfers between 1939 and 1941 of ethnic Germans (actual) and ethnic East Slavs (planned) in an agreement according to the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

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Opera Village Africa

Opera Village Africa (French:, German) is an arts education project located in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso.

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Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the only federal decoration of Germany.

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Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana) was founded as the senior order of knighthood by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi in 1951.

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Order of Prince Henry

The Order of Prince Henry the Navigator (Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese National Order of Knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Infante Henry the Navigator (known in Portuguese as Henrique), third son of King John I of Portugal and his queen, Philippa of Lancaster.

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Order of St. Olav

The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on August 21, 1847.

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Order of the Netherlands Lion

The Order of the Netherlands Lion, also referred to as the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands (De Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw, L'Ordre du Lion Néerlandais) is a Dutch order of chivalry founded by King William I of the Netherlands on 29 September 1815.

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Order of the White Eagle (Poland)

The Order of the White Eagle (Order Orła Białego) is Poland's highest order awarded to both civilians and the military for their merits.

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Order of Vytautas the Great

The Order of Vytautas the Great is the Lithuanian Presidential Award.

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Panzergrenadier

Panzergrenadier, shortened as PzGren (modern) or PzG (WWII), is a German term for motorised or mechanized infantry – that is, infantry transported in combat vehicles specialized for such tasks – as introduced during World War II.

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Pardon

A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be absolved of guilt for an alleged crime or other legal offense, as if the act never occurred.

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Patriotism

Patriotism or national pride is the ideology of love and devotion to a homeland, and a sense of alliance with other citizens who share the same values.

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PDF

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

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PIN Group

The PIN Group was a German courier and postal services company.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Polisario Front

The Polisario Front, Frente Polisario, FRELISARIO or simply POLISARIO, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro ("Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro" الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير ساقية الحمراء و وادي الذهب Al-Jabhat Al-Sha'abiyah Li-Tahrir Saqiya Al-Hamra'a wa Wadi Al-Dhahab, Front populaire de Libération de la Seguia el Hamra et du Rivière d'or), is a Sahrawi rebel national liberation movement aiming to end Moroccan presence in the Western Sahara.

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Political science

Political science is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, and political behavior.

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President of Germany

The President of Germany, officially the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland),The official title within Germany is Bundespräsident, with der Bundesrepublik Deutschland being added in international correspondence; the official English title is President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the head of state of Germany.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Rîșcani

Rîșcani (also spelled Râșcani; Moldovan Cyrillic: Рышкань; Russian: Рышканы) is a city in Moldova, the capital of the Rîșcani District.

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Red Army Faction

The Red Army Faction (RAF; German),See the section ''Faction'' versus ''Fraktion'' also known as the Baader-Meinhof Group or Baader-Meinhof Gang, was a West German far-left militant organization founded in 1970.

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Refugee camp

A refugee camp is a temporary settlement built to receive refugees and people in refugee-like situations.

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Retinitis pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetic disorder of the eyes that causes loss of vision.

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Richard Bernstein

Richard Bernstein (born May 5, 1944) is an American journalist, columnist, and author.

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Rodrigo Rato

Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo (born 18 March 1949) is a Spanish political figure who served in the government of Spain as Minister of the Economy from 1996 to 2004; a member of the conservative People's Party (PP), he was also First Deputy Prime Minister from 2003 to 2004.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Rotary International

Rotary International is an international service organization whose stated purpose is to bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide humanitarian services, encourage high ethical standards in all vocations, and to advance goodwill and peace around the world.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig.

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Sherpa (emissary)

A sherpa is the personal representative of a head of state or government who prepares an international summit, particularly the annual G7 Summit.

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Skierbieszów

Skierbieszów is a village in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Stanley Fischer

Stanley Fischer (סטנלי פישר; born October 15, 1943) is an Israeli American economist and former vice chairman of the Federal Reserve.

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States of Germany

Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen states (Land, plural Länder; informally and very commonly Bundesland, plural Bundesländer).

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Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949) (pronounced) is an Indonesian politician and retired Army general officer who was the President of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014.

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Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a good collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations in 2015.

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Taizé Community

The Taizé Community is an ecumenical Christian monastic community in Taizé, Saône-et-Loire, Burgundy, France.

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Thabo Mbeki

Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who served as the second President of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008.

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The National German Sustainability Award

The German Sustainability Award was established in 2008 to encourage the acceptance of social and ecological responsibility and to identify role models in this area.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Theo Waigel

Theodor "Theo" Waigel (born 22 April 1939) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU).

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Timothy Geithner

Timothy Franz Geithner (born August 18, 1961) is a former American central banker who served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013.

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Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa

Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, OMRI (23 July 1940 – 18 December 2010) was an Italian banker and economist who was Italy's Minister of Economy and Finances from May 2006 until May 2008.

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Treuhandanstalt

The Treuhandanstalt ("Trust agency"), colloquially referred to as Treuhand, was an agency established by the government of the German Democratic Republic to reprivatize / privatize East German enterprises, Volkseigene Betriebe (VEBs), prior to the German reunification.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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University of Tübingen

The University of Tübingen, officially the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Universitas Eberhardina Carolina), is a German public research university located in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".

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West Berlin

West Berlin (Berlin (West) or colloquially West-Berlin) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin during the years of the Cold War.

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Western Sahara

Western Sahara (الصحراء الغربية, Taneẓroft Tutrimt, Spanish and French: Sahara Occidental) is a disputed territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and partially Moroccan-occupied, bordered by Morocco proper to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.

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Wole Soyinka

Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde Soyinka (Yoruba: Akinwándé Oluwo̩lé Babátúndé S̩óyinká,; born 13 July 1934), known as Wole Soyinka, is a Nigerian playwright, poet and essayist.

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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Zamość

Zamość (Yiddish: זאמאשטש Zamoshtsh) is a city in southeastern Poland, situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), about from Lublin, from Warsaw and from the border with Ukraine.

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1997 Asian financial crisis

The Asian financial crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of East Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion.

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Horst Koehler, Horst Kohler, Horst Köhler OIH, Horst Köhler, OIH, Jochen Koehler, Jochen Kohler, Jochen Köhler, Ulrike Koehler, Ulrike Kohler, Ulrike Köhler.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Köhler

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