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173 relations: Abdollah Jassbi, Abdollah Ramezanzadeh, Aftab Yazd, Ahmad Tavakkoli, Akbar A'lami, Akbar Ganji, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Velayati, Ali Khamenei, Ali Larijani, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, Ardabil Province, Assembly of the Forces of Imam's Line, Association of Combatant Clerics, Azam Taleghani, Basij, Behzad Nabavi, Bushehr Province, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Combatant Clergy Association, Conservatism, Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Coordinated Universal Time, Coordination Council of Islamic Revolution Forces, Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran, Democracy Party (Iran), Dogonbadan, East Azerbaijan Province, Ebrahim Asgharzadeh, Ebrahim Nabavi, Ebrahim Yazdi, Elaheh Koulaei, Election boycott, Emadeddin Baghi, Eqbal, Esteghlal F.C., Etemad, Evin Prison, Executives of Construction Party, Expediency Discernment Council, Far-right politics, Fars Province, Fascism, Führer, Freedom Movement of Iran, Freethinkers' Pinnacle Party, French presidential election, 2002, Front of Transformationalist Principlists, Garmsar, ..., Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel, Gilan Province, Golestan Province, Guardian Council, Hadi Khamenei, Hamadan Province, Hassan Khomeini, Hassan Rouhani, Hayat-e-No, Hijab, Hormozgan Province, Human rights, Hunger strike, Ilam Province, Ilam, Iran, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Interim Government of Iran, Iran, Iran hostage crisis, Iran–Iraq War, Iranian legislative election, 2004, Iranian presidential election, 2001, Iranian Reformists, Iranshahr, Iran, Isfahan Province, Islamic Assembly of Ladies, Islamic Association of Engineers of Iran, Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society, Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran, Islamic Association of University Instructors, Islamic Azad University, Islamic Coalition Party, Islamic Consultative Assembly, Islamic Iran Participation Front, Islamic Iran Solidarity Party, Islamic Labour Party, Islamic republic, Islamic Republic News Agency, Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Islamic Society of Engineers, Islamic Society of Students, Islamism, Jacques Chirac, Jean-Marie Le Pen, Jolfa, Iran (city), Kerman Province, Kermanshah Province, Khuzestan Province, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Kurdistan Province, Lorestan Province, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud Taleghani, Majlis Research Center, Marand, Markazi Province, Massoud Behnoud, Mazandaran Province, Mehdi Karroubi, Mehr News Agency, Middle East Research and Information Project, Military, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran), Ministry of Interior (Iran), Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Moderation and Development Party, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Mohammad Khatami, Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha, Mohammad Reza Aref, Mohammad-Ali Najafi, Mohammad-Javad Larijani, Mohammad-Reza Khatami, Mohsen Mehralizadeh, Mohsen Rezaee, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization, Mojtaba Khamenei, Monarchism, Mosque, Mostafa Kavakebian, Mostafa Moeen, Nasser Hejazi, Nobel Peace Prize, North Khorasan Province, Office for Strengthening Unity, Oxford University Press, Peugeot 504, President of Iran, Provinces of Iran, Qazvin, Qazvin Province, Qom Province, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Rafat Bayat, Razavi Khorasan Province, Reza Zavare'i, Ruhollah Khomeini, Saeed Mortazavi, Safdar Hosseini, Sarbaz, Semnan Province, Shargh, Shiraz, Shiraz University, Shirin Ebadi, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution, South Khorasan Province, Supreme Leader of Iran, Supreme National Security Council, Tabriz, Tehran, Tehran Province, The New York Times, Two-round system, University of Tehran, Voter turnout, West Azerbaijan Province, Worker House, Yazd Province, Zanjan Province. Expand index (123 more) »
Abdollah Jassbi
Abdollah Jafarali Jassbi (born 25 November 1944) is an Iranian academic and politician who was president of Azad University from the establishment of the university in 1982 until his resignation in 2012.
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Abdollah Ramezanzadeh
Abdollah Ramezanzadeh (عبدالله رمضانزاده), is an Iranian academic, writer and politician.
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Aftab Yazd
Aftab-e Yazd (آفتاب یزد lit. "The Yazd Sun") is a Persian-language daily reformist newspaper published in Iran.
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Ahmad Tavakkoli
Ahmad Tavakkoli (born 5 March 1951) is an Iranian conservative politician, journalist and anti-corruption activist.
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Akbar A'lami
Akbar Aâlami (اکبر اعلمی) was born in Bandar Torkaman, Golestan from Azerbaijanis family.
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Akbar Ganji
Akbar Ganji (اکبر گنجی., born 31 January 1960 in Tehran) is an Iranian journalist and writer.
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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī or Hashemi Bahramani; 25 August 1934 – 8 January 2017) was an influential Iranian politician, writer and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the fourth President of Iran from 3 August 1989 until 3 August 1997.
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Ali Akbar Velayati
Ali Akbar Velayati (علیاکبر ولایتی; born 24 June 1945, Tehran) is an Iranian physician and conservative politician.
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Ali Khamenei
Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei (سید علی حسینی خامنهای,; born 17 July 1939) is a ''marja'' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989.
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Ali Larijani
Ali Larijani (علی لاریجانی,; born 3 June 1957) is an Iranian conservative politician, philosopher and former military officer who has been Speaker of the Parliament of Iran since 2008.
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Allameh Tabataba'i University
Allameh Tabataba'i University (ATU; ˌælɒːˈme tæbɒːtæbɒːˈʔiː دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی) is the largest specialized public university in humanities and social sciences in Iran, with 15624 students and 422 full-time faculty members.
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Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran
The Alliance of Builders or Developers of Islamic Iran (ائتلاف آبادگران ایران اسلامی; E'telāf-e Ābādgarān-e Īrān-e Eslāmī), usually shortened to Abadgaran (آبادگران), was an Iranian conservative political federation of parties and organizations.
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Ardabil Province
Ardabil Province (استان اردبیل; اردبیل اوستانی) is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran.
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Assembly of the Forces of Imam's Line
Assembly of the Forces of the Imam's Line or Association of Followers of the Imam's Line (مجمع نیروهای خط امام) is an Iranian reformist political group.
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Association of Combatant Clerics
The Association of Combatant Clerics (majma'-e rowhāniyūn-e mobārez) is an Iranian reformist clerical political party.
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Azam Taleghani
Azam Taleghani (اعظم طالقانی) is an Iranian politician and journalist, born in 1944, is the head of the Society of Islamic Revolution Women of Iran, editor of Payam Hajar Weekly, and a former member of the Iranian parliament.
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Basij
The Basij (بسيج, lit. "The Mobilization"), Niruyeh Moghavemat Basij (نیروی مقاومت بسیج, "Mobilisation Resistance Force"), full name Sāzmān-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin (سازمان بسیج مستضعفین, "The Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed"), is one of the five forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
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Behzad Nabavi
Behzad Nabavi (بهزاد نبوی) is an Iranian reformist politician.
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Bushehr Province
Bushehr Province (استان بوشهر, Ostān-e Būshehr) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (استان چهارمحال و بختیاری, Ostān-e Chahār-Mahāl-o Bakhtiyārī) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Combatant Clergy Association
The Combatant Clergy Association (Jāme'e-ye Rowhāniyyat-e Mobārez) is a politically active group in Iran, but not a political party in the traditional sense.
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Conservatism
Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization.
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Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906.
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Coordinated Universal Time
No description.
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Coordination Council of Islamic Revolution Forces
The Coordination Council of Islamic Revolution Forces (showrā-ye hamāhangi-e nirūhā-ye enǧelāb-e eslāmi) is an umbrella organization of conservative political organizations and figures in Iran, known for its activity during the 2000s, when it was considered "Iran's main conservative alliance".
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Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran
The Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran (Showra-ye Fa'alan-e Melli Mazhabi) or The Coalition of National-Religious Forces of Iran (E'telaf-e Niruha-ye Melli-Mazhabi) is an Iranian political group, described as "nonviolent, religious semi-opposition" with a following of mainly middle class, intellectual, representatives of technical professions, students and technocrats.
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Democracy Party (Iran)
The Democracy Party of Iran (حزب مردمسالاری) is an Iranian reformist political party that split from the Islamic Iran Solidarity Party in 2000.
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Dogonbadan
Dogonbadan (دوگنبدان,; also Romanized as Do Gonbadān, Dow Gonbadān, and Du Gunbadān; also known as Gachsaran (گچساران), also Romanized as Gachsārān) is a city and the capital of Gachsaran County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran.
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East Azerbaijan Province
East Azerbaijan Province (استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi; شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Ebrahim Asgharzadeh
Ebrahim Asgharzadeh (ابراهیم اصغرزاده) is an Iranian political activist and politician.
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Ebrahim Nabavi
Seyyed Ebrahim Nabavi (سید ابراهیم نبوی; born 1958 in Astara, Iran) is a prolific Iranian satirist, writer, diarist, and researcher of Azerbaijani ancestry.
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Ebrahim Yazdi
Ebrahim Yazdi (ابراهیم یزدی; 26 September 1931 – 27 August 2017) was an Iranian politician and diplomat who served as deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs in the interim government of Mehdi Bazargan, until his resignation in November 1979, in protest at the Iran hostage crisis.
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Elaheh Koulaei
Elaheh Koulaei (الهه کولایی; born 17 December 1956) is an Iranian political scientist, reformist intellectual.
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Election boycott
An election boycott is the boycotting of an election by a group of voters, each of whom abstains from voting.
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Emadeddin Baghi
Emadeddin Baghi (born 25 April 1962) is an Iranian human rights activist, prisoners' rights advocate, investigative journalist, theologian and writer.
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Eqbal
Eqbal (اقبال; Luck in English) was a Persian reformist newspaper published in Iran.
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Esteghlal F.C.
Esteghlal Football Club (Persian:باشگاه فوتبال استقلال, meaning independence) until 1979 known as Taj Football Club (Persian: تاج, meaning Crown) is an Iranian professional football club based in Tehran that plays in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
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Etemad
Etemad or Etemaad (in Persian اعتماد lit. Trust; correct transcription: ettemād, because in pronunciation the letter "t" is duplicated) is a reformist newspaper in Iran that is published in Tehran.
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Evin Prison
Evin Prison (Zendān-e-Evin) is a prison located in the Evin neighborhood of Tehran, Iran.
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Executives of Construction Party
The Executives of Construction of Iran Party (حزب کارگزاران سازندگی ایران) is a reformist political party in Iran, founded by 16 members of the cabinet of the then President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani in 1996.
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Expediency Discernment Council
The Expediency Discernment Council of the System (مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام Majma' Taškhīs Maṣlaḥat Nezām) is an administrative assembly appointed by the Supreme Leader and was created upon the revision to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran on 6 February 1988.
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Far-right politics
Far-right politics are politics further on the right of the left-right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of more extreme nationalist, and nativist ideologies, as well as authoritarian tendencies.
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Fars Province
Pars Province (استان پارس, Ostān-e Pārs) also known as Fars (Persian: فارس) or Persia in the Greek sources in historical context, is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran and known as the cultural capital of the country.
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Fascism
Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.
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Führer
Führer (These are also cognates of the Latin peritus ("experienced"), Sanskrit piparti "brings over" and the Greek poros "passage, way".-->, spelled Fuehrer when the umlaut is not available) is a German word meaning "leader" or "guide".
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Freedom Movement of Iran
The Freedom Movement of Iran (FMI) or Liberation Movement of Iran (LMI; Nahżat-e āzādi-e Irān) is an Iranian pro-democracy political organization which was founded in 1961, by members describing themselves as "Muslims, Iranians, Constitutionalists and Mossadeghists".
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Freethinkers' Pinnacle Party
Freethinkers' Pinnacle Party or Summit of Freethinkers or Freethinkers Front (حزب چکاد آزاداندیشان, Chekad-e Azadandishan) is an Iranian principalist political party founded in 2000, mostly by Islamic Azad University academics.
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French presidential election, 2002
The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002.
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Front of Transformationalist Principlists
Front of Transformationalist Principlists (جبهه اصولگرایان تحولخواه) is an Iranian principlist political group, consisting of Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution and Society of Pathseekers of the Islamic Revolution.
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Garmsar
Garmsar (گرمسار, also Romanized as Garmsār is a city in and the capital of Garmsar County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38,891, in 10,951 families. Garmsar is located about southeast of Tehran. It lies on the edge of Dasht-e Kavir, Iran's largest desert. Many people in the city commute to Tehran due to its proximity. Ghasre Bahram, The Stone Way, Stonvand Castle, the Sar Darre Mountains, and Kavir Desert National Park are tourist attractions located in the area.
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Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
Gholam Ali Haddad-Adel (غلامعلی حداد عادل, born 4 May 1945) is an Iranian philosopher, politician and former chairman of the Parliament.
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Gilan Province
Gilan Province (اُستان گیلان, Ostān-e Gīlān, also Latinized as Guilan) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Golestan Province
Golestān Province (استان گلستان, Ostān-e Golestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the north-east of the country south of the Caspian Sea.
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Guardian Council
The Guardian Council of the Constitution (شورای نگهبان قانون اساسی, Shūra-ye negahbān-e qānūn-e āsāsī) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Hadi Khamenei
Hojatoleslam Hadi Khamenei (born 1947) is an Iranian reformist politician, mojtahed and linguist.
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Hamadan Province
Hamadan Province (استان همدان), is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Hassan Khomeini
Sayyid Hassan Khomeini (born 23 July 1972, سيد حسن خمينی) is an Iranian cleric.
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Hassan Rouhani
Hassan Rouhani (حسن روحانی,, Standard Persian:; born Hassan Fereydoun (حسن فریدون) on 12 November 1948) is an Iranian politician serving as the current and seventh President of Iran since 3 August 2013.
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Hayat-e-No
Hayat-e-No (حیات نو, hayat-e nou, New Life in English) was a Persian reformist newspaper published in Iran.
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Hijab
A hijab (حجاب, or (dialectal)) is a veil worn by some Muslim women in the presence of any male outside of their immediate family, which usually covers the head and chest.
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Hormozgan Province
Hormozgan Province (استان هرمزگان, Ostān-e Hormozgān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.
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Hunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance or pressure in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke feelings of guilt in others, usually with the objective to achieve a specific goal, such as a policy change.
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Ilam Province
Ilam Province (استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Ilam, Iran
Ilam (ايلام; also Romanized as Īlām and Elām) is a city and capital of Ilam Province, Iran.
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Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences
The Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) (پژوهشگاه دانشهای بنیادی) (previously Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics) is an advanced public research institute in Tehran, Iran.
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Interim Government of Iran
The Interim Government of Iran (Dowlat-e Movaghat-e Irân) was the first government established in Iran after the Iranian Revolution, and the first nominal republic established in Iran after 2,500 years of Persian monarchy.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Iran hostage crisis
The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America.
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Iran–Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.
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Iranian legislative election, 2004
The Iranian parliamentary elections of February 20 and May 7, 2004 were a victory for Islamic conservatives over the reformist parties.
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Iranian presidential election, 2001
Iranian presidential election of 2001 took place on 8 June 2001, and resulted in Mohammad Khatami being elected as the President of Iran for his second term.
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Iranian Reformists
The Iranian reformists (Eslâh-Talabân) are a political faction in Iran that support former President Mohammad Khatami's plans to change the Iranian political system to include more freedom and democracy.
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Iranshahr, Iran
Iranshahr (ايرانشهر, also Romanized as Īrānshahr; formerly, Fahrej, Fehruj, and Qal'eh-ye Nāşerī) is a city in and capital of Iranshahr County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran.
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Isfahan Province
Isfahan province (Ostāne Esfahan), also transliterated as Esfahan, Espahan, Isfahan, or Isphahan, is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran.
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Islamic Assembly of Ladies
Islamic Assembly of Ladies (مجمع اسلامی بانوان) is an Iranian reformist all-female political party.
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Islamic Association of Engineers of Iran
Islamic Association of Engineers of Iran (anǰoman-e eslāmī-ye mohandisān-e Īrān) is an Iranian political party of engineers affiliated with the Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front.
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Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society
Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society (انجمن اسلامی جامعه پزشکی ایران) is an Iranian reformist political party affiliated with the Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front.
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Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran
The Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran (انجمن اسلامی معلمان ایران) is an Iranian reformist teacher's political organization/labor union.
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Islamic Association of University Instructors
Islamic Association of University Instructors (انجمن اسلامی مدرسین دانشگاهها) is an Iranian political party of academics affiliated with the Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front.
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Islamic Azad University
The Islamic Azad University (IAU; دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, Dāneshgāh-e Āzād-e Eslāmi) is a non-governmental private university system in Iran.
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Islamic Coalition Party
The Islamic Coalition Party (ICP; Ḥezb-e moʾtalefa-ye eslāmi) is a conservative political party in Iran that favors economic liberalism.
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Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majlis (or Majles, مجلس), is the national legislative body of Iran.
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Islamic Iran Participation Front
The Islamic Iran Participation Front (جبهه مشارکت ایران اسلامی; Jebheye Mosharekate Iran-e Eslaami) is a reformist political party in Iran.
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Islamic Iran Solidarity Party
Islamic Iran Solidarity Party (حزب همبستگی ایران اسلامی; Hezb-e Hambastegi-e Iran-e Eslami) is an Iranian reformist political party founded in 1998, by 10 members of Parliament of Iran.
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Islamic Labour Party
The Islamic Labor Party (حزب اسلامی کار) is a reformist party in Iran and splinter group to the trade union Worker House.
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Islamic republic
An Islamic republic is the name given to several states that are officially ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania.
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Islamic Republic News Agency
The Islamic Republic News Agency (خبرگزاری جمهوری اسلامی), or IRNA, is the official news agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) (صدا و سيمای جمهوری اسلامی ايران, Sedā va Sīmā-ye Jomhūri-ye Eslāmi-ye Īrān, lit. Voice and Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran), formerly called National Iranian Radio and Television until the Iranian revolution of 1979, is an Iranian media corporation which hold the monopoly of domestic radio and television services in Iran, is also among the largest media organizations in Asian and Pacific region, and a regular member of Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union.
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Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) (lit or Sepâh for short) is a branch of Iran's Armed Forces founded after 1979 Revolution on 22 April 1979 by order of Ayatollah Khomeini.IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p. 187 Whereas the regular military (or Artesh) defends Iran's borders and maintains internal order, according to the Iranian constitution, the Revolutionary Guard (pasdaran) is intended to protect the country's Islamic Republic system. The Revolutionary Guards state that their role in protecting the Islamic system is preventing foreign interference as well as coups by the military or "deviant movements". The Revolutionary Guards have roughly 125,000 military personnel including ground, aerospace and naval forces. Its naval forces are now the primary forces tasked with operational control of the Persian Gulf. GlobalBearings.net, 15 December 2011. It also controls the paramilitary Basij militia which has about 90,000 active personnel.Abrahamian, Ervand, History of Modern Iran, Columbia University Press, 2008 pp. 175–76 Its media arm is Sepah News. Since its origin as an ideologically driven militia, the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution has taken a greater role in nearly every aspect of Iranian society. Its expanded social, political, military and economic role under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's administration—especially during the 2009 presidential election and post-election suppression of protest—has led many Western analysts to argue that its political power has surpassed even that of the Shia clerical system. The Chief Commander of the Guardians since 2007 is Mohammad Ali Jafari, who was preceded by Yahya Rahim Safavi from 1997.
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Islamic Society of Engineers
The Islamic Society of Engineers (ISE) (جامعهٔ اسلامی مهندسین, Jāme'-e eslāmī-ye mohandisīn) is a principlist political organization of engineers in Iran.
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Islamic Society of Students
The Union of Islamic Student Societies (اتحادیه جامعه اسلامی دانشجویان) also known as the Islamic Society of Students is an Iranian student organization.
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Islamism
Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts.
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Jacques Chirac
Jacques René Chirac (born 29 November 1932) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 1995 to 2007.
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Jean-Marie Le Pen
Jean-Marie Le Pen (born 20 June 1928) is a French politician who has served as Honorary President of the National Front since January 2011 and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from France since 2004, previously between 1984 and 2003.
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Jolfa, Iran (city)
Jolfa (جلفا; also Romanized as Jolfā, Julfa, and Dzhulfi) is a city and capital of Jolfa County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
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Kerman Province
Kerman Province (استان کرمان, Ostān-e Kermān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Kermanshah Province
Kermanshah Province (استان كرمانشاه, Ostān-e Kermanšah) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Khuzestan Province
Khuzestan Province (استان خوزستان Ostān-e Khūzestān, محافظة خوزستان Muḥāfaẓa Khūzistān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province (استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد, Ostān-e Kohgīrūye-o Būyer-Ahmad) (Luri: استان کهگیلویه و بِیرَمَد, Ostān-e Kohgīrūye-o Beyramad) is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran.
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Kurdistan Province
Kurdistan Province (استان کردستان, Ostān-e Kordestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Lorestan Province
Lorestan Province (استان لرستان, also written Luristan, Lurestan, or Loristan), is a province of western Iran in the Zagros Mountains.
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Mahmūd Ahmadinezhād, born Mahmoud Sabbaghian (Sabbāghyān) on 28 October 1956) is an Iranian politician who was the sixth President of Iran from 2005 to 2013.
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Mahmoud Taleghani
Mahmoud Taleghani (محمود طالقانی,; 5 March 1911 – 9 September 1979) was an Iranian theologian, Muslim reformer, democracy advocate and a senior Shi'a cleric of Iran.
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Majlis Research Center
The Research Center of Islamic legislative Assembly is the research arm of the Iranian parliament (Majlis).
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Marand
Marand (مرند; مرند; also Romanized as Morand) is a city and capital of Marand County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
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Markazi Province
Markazi Province (fa, Ostān-e Markazi) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Massoud Behnoud
Massoud Behnoud, (مسعود بهنود, born in Tehran) is a prominent Iranian journalist, historian, and writer.
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Mazandaran Province
Mazandaran Province, (استان مازندران Ostān-e Māzandarān/Ostân-e Mâzandarân), is an Iranian province located along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and in the adjacent Central Alborz mountain range, in central-northern Iran.
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Mehdi Karroubi
Mehdi Karroubi (Mehdī Karrūbĩ, born 26 September 1937) is an Iranian Shia cleric and reformist politician leading the National Trust Party.
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Mehr News Agency
The Mehr News Agency (MNA; Xabâr-gozâri Mehr; "Affection News Agency") is an Iranian news agency headquartered in Tehran, owned by the Islamic Ideology Dissemination Organization (IIDO).
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Middle East Research and Information Project
The Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP) is a non-profit independent research group established in 1971, that has released reports and position papers on various Middle East conflicts.
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Military
A military or armed force is a professional organization formally authorized by a sovereign state to use lethal or deadly force and weapons to support the interests of the state.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (وزارت امور خارجه Vezārat-e Omūr-e Khārejeh) is an Iranian government ministry headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who is a member of cabinet.
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Ministry of Interior (Iran)
The Ministry of Interior (وزارت کشور) of the Islamic Republic of Iran is in charge of performing, supervising and reporting elections, policing, and other responsibilities related to an interior ministry.
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Mir-Hossein Mousavi
Mir-Hossein Mousavi Khameneh (Mīr-Hoseyn Mūsavī Khāmené,; born 2 March 1942) is an Iranian reformist politician, artist and architect who served as the seventy-ninth and last Prime Minister of Iran from 1981 to 1989.
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Moderation and Development Party
Moderation and Development Party (Hezb-e E'tedāl va Towse'eh) is a political party in Iran.
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Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf (محمدباقر قالیباف, born 23 August 1961) is an Iranian conservative politician and former military officer who held office as the Mayor of Tehran from 2005 to 2017.
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Mohammad Khatami
Seyyed Mohammad Khatami (سید محمد خاتمی,; born 14 October 1943) is an Iranian scholar, Shia theologian, and reformist politician.
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Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha
Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha (born 1942) is an Iranian cleric and secretary general of the reformist Association of Combatant Clerics.
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Mohammad Reza Aref
Mohammad Reza Aref (محمدرضا عارف, born 19 December 1951) is an Iranian engineer, academic and reformist politician who is currently parliamentary leader of reformists' Hope fraction in the Iranian Parliament, representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr.
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Mohammad-Ali Najafi
Mohammad-Ali Najafi (محمدعلی نجفی; born 13 January 1952) is an Iranian mathematician and reformist politician who was the Mayor of Tehran, serving in the post for eight months, until April 2018.
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Mohammad-Javad Larijani
Mohammad-Javad Larijani (محمدجواد لاریجانی) is an Iranian conservative politician, mathematical logician and former diplomat.
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Mohammad-Reza Khatami
Mohammad-Reza Khatami (محمدرضا خاتمی, born 1959) is an Iranian politician and nephrologist.
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Mohsen Mehralizadeh
Mohsen Mehralizadeh (محسن مهرعلیزاده; born September 30, 1956) is an Iranian reformist politician and current Governor of Isfahan Province.
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Mohsen Rezaee
Mohsen Rezaee Mirgha'ed (محسن رضایی میرقائد, born Sabzevar Rezaei Mirgha'ed on 9 September 1954) is an Iranian conservative politician affiliated with the Resistance Front of Islamic Iran and senior military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps who currently holds office as the secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council.
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Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization (MIRO; Sāzmān-e Mojāhedin-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmi-e Irān) is a reformist political organization in Iran.
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Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization
Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (lit) was an umbrella political organization in Iran, founded in 1979 by unification of seven underground Islamist revolutionary paramilitary and civil organizations which previously fought against the Pahlavi monarchy.
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Mojtaba Khamenei
Sayyed Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei (سید مجتبی حسینی خامنهای; born 8 September 1969) is son of Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran.
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Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of a monarch or monarchical rule.
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Mosque
A mosque (from masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims.
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Mostafa Kavakebian
Mostafa Kavakebian (مصطفی کواکبیان; born on 18 March 1963) is an Iranian reformist politician and representative of Tehran at the Parliament of Iran.
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Mostafa Moeen
Mostafa Moeen (مصطفی معین; born 1 April 1951 in Najafabad, Isfahan), is an Iranian politician, professor of Pediatrics, and a human right activist which is currently founder and president of Center for Human Rights and Democracy in Iran.
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Nasser Hejazi
Nasser Hejazi (14 December 1949 – 23 May 2011), nicknamed "the legendary Iranian goalkeeper", was an Iranian football player and coach who most notably played for Esteghlal Tehran FC (Taj).
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.
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North Khorasan Province
North Khorasan Province (استان خراسان شمالی, Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Shomālī) is a province located in northeastern Iran.
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Office for Strengthening Unity
The Office for Strengthening Unity (also Office for Consolidating Unity, Daftar-e Tahkim-e Vahdat), is an Iranian student organization created in 1979, and has been described as "the country's most well-known student organization," and "Iran's leading prodemocracy student group".
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Peugeot 504
The Peugeot 504 is a mid-size, front-engine, rear wheel drive automobile manufactured and marketed by Peugeot for model years 1968-1983 over a single generation, primarily in four-door sedan and wagon configurations — but also with two-door coupe, convertible and pickup truck variants.
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President of Iran
The President of Iran (Persian: رییسجمهور ایران Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Provinces of Iran
Iran is subdivided into thirty-one provinces (استان Ostān, plural استانها Ostānhā), each governed from a local center, usually the largest local city, which is called the capital (Persian: مرکز, markaz) of that province.
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Qazvin
Qazvin (قزوین,, also Romanized as Qazvīn, Caspin, Qazwin, or Ghazvin) is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran.
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Qazvin Province
The Qazvin Province (استان قزوین, Ostān-e Qazvīn) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Qom Province
Qom Province (استان قم, Ostān-e Qom), pre-Islamic Komishan/Qomishan, is one of the 31 provinces of Iran with 11,237 km², covering 0.89% of the total area in Iran.
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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a broadcasting organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analysis to countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East where it says that "the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed".
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Rafat Bayat
Rafat Bayat (in Persian: رفعت بیات) is an Iranian politician and former parliament member.
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Razavi Khorasan Province
Razavi Khorasan Province (استان خراسان رضوی, Ostâne Xorâsâne Razavi) is a province located in northeastern Iran.
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Reza Zavare'i
Seyyed Reżā Zavāreʾi (سید رضا زوارهای; 1938–2005) was an Iranian jurist and politician.
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Ruhollah Khomeini
Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (سید روحالله موسوی خمینی; 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Islam religious leader and politician.
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Saeed Mortazavi
Saeed Mortazavi (سعید مرتضوی, born 1967) is an Iranian conservative politician, former judge and former prosecutor.
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Safdar Hosseini
Safdar Hosseini (صفدر حسینی; born 1954) is an Iranian academic and politician, who has served in various cabinet posts.
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Sarbaz
Sarbaz (سرباز, also Romanized as Sarbāz; also known as Qal‘eh-ye Sarbāz – "Fort Sarbaz") is a city in and the capital of Sarbaz District, in Sarbaz County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran.
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Semnan Province
Semnan Province (استان سمنان, Ostān-e Semnān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Shargh
Shargh ("شرق" lit. "East") is the most popular reformist newspaper in Iran.
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Shiraz
Shiraz (fa, Šīrāz) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province (Old Persian as Pars).
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Shiraz University
Shiraz University (دانشگاه شیراز Dāneshgāh-e-Shirāz), formerly known as Pahlavi University (دانشگاه پهلوی Dāneshgāh-e Pahlavi), is a public university located in Shiraz, Iran.
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Shirin Ebadi
Shirin Ebadi (Širin Ebādi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist and founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran.
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Sistan and Baluchestan Province
Sistan and Baluchestan Province (Sistàn o Balòčestàn)(استان سيستان و بلوچستان, Ostān-e Sīstān-o Balūchestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution
The Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution (Jam`iyat-e Isargaran-e Enqelab-e Eslami) is a conservative Iranian political party.
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South Khorasan Province
South Khorasan Province (استان خراسان جنوبی Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Jonūbī) is a province located in eastern Iran.
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Supreme Leader of Iran
The Supreme Leader of Iran (rahbar-e mo'azzam-e irān), also called the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی), officially in Iran, called the Supreme Leadership Authority (مقام معظم رهبری), is the head of state and highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Supreme National Security Council
Supreme National Security Council (SNSC; شورای عالی امنیت ملی Showrāye Āliye Amniyate Mellī) is the national security council of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the current secretary of the Supreme National Security Council of which is Rear Admiral Upper Half Ali Shamkhani.
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Tabriz
Tabriz (تبریز; تبریز) is the most populated city in Iranian Azerbaijan, one of the historical capitals of Iran and the present capital of East Azerbaijan province.
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Tehran
Tehran (تهران) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province.
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Tehran Province
Tehran Province (استان تهران Ostān-e Tehrān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Two-round system
The two-round system (also known as the second ballot, runoff voting or ballotage) is a voting method used to elect a single winner, where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate.
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University of Tehran
The University of Tehran (دانشگاه تهران), also known as Tehran University and UT, is Iran's oldest modern university.
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Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.
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West Azerbaijan Province
West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Worker House
The Workers' House (خانه کارگر) is the Iranian de facto national trade union center affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) and a registered reformist worker's political organization/labour union.
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Yazd Province
Yazd Province (استان یزد, Ostān-e Yazd) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Zanjan Province
Zanjan Province (استان زنجان, Ostâne Zanjân; also Romanized as Ostān-e Zanjān; Zəngan ostanı, زنگان اوستانی, Зәнган останы) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Redirects here:
2005 Iranian presidential election, Iranian presidential election of 2005.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_presidential_election,_2005
