Iraq War

The Iraq War, sometimes called the Second Persian Gulf War, or Second Gulf War was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion of Iraq by the United States-led coalition that overthrew the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the coalition forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government. ^[1]

ABC News (United States)

ABC News is the news division of the American television network ABC.

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Abdul Sattar Abu Risha

Abdul Sattar Abu Risha (عبد الستار أبو ريشة) – Sheikh Abdul Sattar Eftikhan al-Rishawi الشيخ عبد الستار افتيخان الريشاوي – (born 1972 – 13 September 2007) was a high-profile Iraqi tribal sheikh of the Abu-Risha tribe.

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Abdullah Abu Azzam al-Iraqi

Abdallah Najim Abdallah Muhammad al-Juwari, also known as Abdullah Abu Azzam al-Iraqi ((died 25 September 2005), was a senior leader in Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI).

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Abu Ayyub al-Masri

Abu Ayyub al-Masri (أَبُو أَيُّوبَ ٱلْمَصْرِيُّ,, translation: "Father of Ayyub the Egyptian"; 1967 – 18 April 2010), also known as Abu Hamza al-Muhajir (in Arabic), US Department of State.

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Abu Ghraib

Abu Ghraib (أبو غريب, Abū Ghurayb) is a city in the Baghdad Governorate of Iraq, located just west of Baghdad's city center, or northwest of Baghdad International Airport.

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Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse

During the early stages of the Iraq War, members of the United States Army and the Central Intelligence Agency committed a series of human rights violations and war crimes against detainees in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, including physical abuse, sexual humiliation, physical and psychological torture, and rape, as well as the killing of Manadel al-Jamadi and the desecration of his body. Iraq War and abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse are George W. Bush administration controversies and Iraq–United States relations.

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Abu Hishma

Abu Hishma (أبو هشمة) is a small Iraqi town, with a population of approximately 7,000.

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Abu Kamal

Abu Kamal (ʾAbū Kamāl) or Al-Bukamal (al-Būkamāl) is a city on the Euphrates river in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate of eastern Syria near the border with Iraq.

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Abu Musab al-Zarqawi

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ ٱلزَّرْقَاوِيُّ,, Father of Musab, from Zarqa;; October 30, 1966 – June 7, 2006), born Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh (أَحْمَدُ فَضِيلِ ٱلنَّزَالِ ٱلْخَلَايْلَةَ), was a Jordanian jihadist who ran a terrorist training camp in Afghanistan.

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Abu Omar al-Baghdadi

Abu Omar al-Baghdadi (translit;; 1959 – 18 April 2010), born Hamid Dawud Mohamed Khalil al-Zawi (Ḥamīd Dāwud Muḥammad Ḵalīl az-Zāwī) was an Iraqi militant who was the Emir of the Islamic militant umbrella organization Mujahideen Shura Council (MSC),Al-Qaeda names mystery man to succeed Zarqawi.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.

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AIM-9 Sidewinder

The AIM-9 Sidewinder ("AIM" for "Air Intercept Missile") is a short-range air-to-air missile.

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Air-to-air missile

Python family of AAM for comparisons, Python-5 (displayed lower-front) and Shafrir-1 (upper-back) An air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from an aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft (including unmanned aircraft such as cruise missiles).

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Aircraft carrier

An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.

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Airman

An airman is a member of an air force Or the Civil Air Patrol or air arm of a nation's armed forces.

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AK-47

The AK-47, officially known as the Avtomat Kalashnikova (also known as the Kalashnikov or just AK), is an assault rifle that is chambered for the 7.62×39mm cartridge.

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Al Anbar Governorate

Al Anbar Governorate (محافظة الأنبار; muḥāfaẓat al-’Anbār), or Anbar Province, is the largest governorate in Iraq by area.

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Al Başrah Oil Terminal

Al Başrah Oil Terminal, commonly referred to as ABOT, is a strategically critical Iraqi offshore, deep sea crude oil marine loading terminal that lies approximately southeast of the Al-Faw Peninsula in the Persian Gulf.

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Al Jazeera Arabic

Al Jazeera Arabic (الجزيرة) is a Qatari state-owned Arabic-language news television network.

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Al Jazeera English

Al Jazeera English (AJE; lit) is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar.

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Al Maliki I Government

The first government of Iraq led by Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki took office on May 20, 2006 following approval by the members of the Iraqi National Assembly.

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Al-Askari Shrine

Al-Askari Shrine, the Askariyya Shrine, or Al-Askari Mosque is a Shia Muslim mosque and mausoleum in the Iraqi city of Samarra from Baghdad.

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Al-Faw Palace

Al-Faw Palace (also known as the Water Palace, lit) is a palace located in Baghdad approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) from the Baghdad International Airport, Iraq.

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Al-Faw peninsula

The Al-Faw peninsula (شبه جزيرة الفاو; also transliterated as Fao or Fawr) is a peninsula in the Persian Gulf, located in the extreme southeast of Iraq.

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Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate.

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Al-Qaeda in Iraq

Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (two rivers), more commonly known as Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), was a Salafi jihadist organization affiliated with Al-Qaeda.

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Alfred A. Knopf

Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915.

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Ali al-Sistani

Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani (translit; born 4 August 1930) is an Iranian-Iraqi Islamic scholar.

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Alissa J. Rubin

Alissa Johannsen Rubin is a Pulitzer Prize–winning American journalist, currently serving as the Baghdad Bureau chief for The New York Times.

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Amphibious warfare

Amphibious warfare is a type of offensive military operation that today uses naval ships to project ground and air power onto a hostile or potentially hostile shore at a designated landing beach.

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Anders Fogh Rasmussen

Anders Fogh Rasmussen (born 26 January 1953) is a Danish politician who was the 24th Prime Minister of Denmark from November 2001 to April 2009 and the 12th Secretary General of NATO from August 2009 to October 2014.

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Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan

Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan (ئەنسارولئیسلامله کوردستاندا),Chalk, Peter, Encyclopedia of Terrorism Volume 1, 2012, ABC-CLIO simply called Ansar al-Islam (ئەنسارولئیسلام), is a Kurdish Islamist militant and separatist group.

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Antonius Robben

Antonius "Tony" Cornelis Gerardus Maria Robben (born December 17, 1953) is a Dutch cultural anthropologist and Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Utrecht University, in the Netherlands.

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Aqila al-Hashimi

Aqila al-Hashimi (Arabic عقيلة الهاشمي cAqīla al-Hāshimī; 1953 - September 25, 2005) was an Iraqi politician who served on the Iraqi Governing Council.

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Arab American Institute

The Arab American Institute (AAI) is a non-profit membership organization that advocates for the interests of Arab-Americans.

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Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order

The Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order (جيش رجال الطريقة النقشبندية Jaysh Rijāl aṭ-Ṭarīqa an-Naqshabandiya), (JRTN) also called the Naqshbandi Army, is one of a number of underground Ba'athist militant insurgency groups fighting U.S.-led Coalition forces in Iraq.

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Assassination of Qasem Soleimani

On 3 January 2020, Qasem Soleimani, an Iranian major general, was killed by an American drone strike near Baghdad International Airport, Iraq, while travelling to meet Iraqi Prime Minister Adil Abdul-Mahdi. Iraq War and Assassination of Qasem Soleimani are Iraq–United States relations.

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Assault rifle

An assault rifle is a select fire rifle that uses an intermediate-rifle cartridge and a detachable magazine.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Asymmetric warfare

Asymmetric warfare (or asymmetric engagement) is a type of war between belligerents whose relative military power, strategy or tactics differ significantly.

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Australian Broadcasting Corporation

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), is the national broadcaster of Australia.

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Australian involvement in the Iraq War

Australia joined a U.S.-led coalition in the Iraq War. Iraq War and Australian involvement in the Iraq War are wars involving Australia.

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Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002

The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, (PDF) informally known as the Iraq Resolution, is a joint resolution passed by the United States Congress in October 2002 as Public Law No.

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Axis of evil

The phrase "axis of evil" was first used by U.S. President George W. Bush and originally referred to Iran, Ba'athist Iraq, and North Korea. Iraq War and Axis of evil are George W. Bush administration controversies, Iraq–United States relations and war on terror.

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Ba'ath Party

The Arab Socialist Baʿth Party (also anglicized as Ba'ath in loose transcription; البعث العربي الاشتراكي) was a political party founded in Syria by Mishel ʿAflaq, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Bīṭār, and associates of Zakī al-ʾArsūzī.

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Ba'athist Iraq

Ba'athist Iraq, officially the Iraqi Republic (1968–1992) and later the Republic of Iraq (1992–2003), was the Iraqi state between 1968 and 2003 under the rule of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.

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Baghdad

Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.

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Baghdad Governorate

Baghdad Governorate (محافظة بغداد Muḥāfaẓät Baġdād), also known as the Baghdad Province, is the capital governorate of Iraq.

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Balad Air Base

Balad Air Base (قاعدة بلد الجوية), is an Iraqi Air Force base located near Balad in the Sunni Triangle north of Baghdad, Iraq.

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Baqir Jabr al-Zubeidi

Baqir Jabr Al-Zubeidi (Bāqir Jarb al-Zabīdī), also known as Bayan Jabr Solagh (Bayān Bāqir Sūlāġ), is a former commander of the Badr Brigades who served as the Finance Minister of Iraq in the government of Nouri al-Maliki.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.

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Basra

Basra (al-Baṣrah) is a city in southern Iraq.

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Basra Governorate

Basra Governorate (محافظة البصرة), also called Basra Province, is a governorate in southern Iraq in the region of Arabian Peninsula, bordering Kuwait to the south and Iran to the east.

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Battle of Abu Ghraib

The Battle of Abu Ghraib took place between Iraqi Mujahideen and United States forces at Abu Ghraib prison on April 2, 2005.

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Battle of Basra (2008)

The Battle of Basra began on 25 March 2008, when the Iraqi Army launched an operation (code-named Saulat al-Fursan, meaning Operation Charge of the Knights in Arabic) to drive the Mahdi Army militia out of the southern Iraqi city of Basra.

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Battle of Huế

The Battle of Huế (31 January 1968 – 2 March 1968), was a major battle in the Tết Offensive launched by North Vietnam and the Việt Cộng during the Vietnam War.

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Battle of Nasiriyah

The Battle of Nasiriyah was fought between the US 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade and Iraqi forces from 23 March to 2 April 2003 during the US-led invasion of Iraq.

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Battle of the Karbala Gap (2003)

The Battle of the Karbala Gap occurred during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

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Battle of the Palm Grove

The Battle of the Palm Grove (10-13 September 2010) took place during the Iraq War when elements of the Second Advise and Assist Brigade (Stryker Brigade Combat Team), 25th ID of the US Army and 512th Military Police Company US Army supported 200 Iraqi Army and Iraqi Police in a search and sweep operation against 15-25 insurgents planting IEDs in Hudaidy, Diyala Province.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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BBC World Service

The BBC World Service is an international broadcaster owned and operated by the BBC.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Bill Nelson

Clarence William Nelson II (born September 29, 1942) is an American politician and attorney serving as the administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

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Biological agent

Biological weapons are pathogens used as weapons.

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Blackwater (company)

Academi, formerly known as Blackwater and Blackwater Worldwide, is an American private military contractor founded on December 26, 1996, by former Navy SEAL officer Erik Prince. Iraq War and Blackwater (company) are George W. Bush administration controversies.

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Bob Woodward

Robert Upshur Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an American investigative journalist.

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Boycott

A boycott is an act of nonviolent, voluntary abstention from a product, person, organization, or country as an expression of protest.

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British Army

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Naval Service and the Royal Air Force. Iraq War and British Army are wars involving the United Kingdom.

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British involvement in the Iraq War

Operation Telic (Op TELIC) was the codename under which all of the United Kingdom's military operations in Iraq were conducted between the start of the invasion of Iraq on 19 March 2003 and the withdrawal of the last remaining British forces on 22 May 2011. Iraq War and British involvement in the Iraq War are wars involving the United Kingdom.

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British parliamentary approval for the invasion of Iraq

British parliamentary approval for the invasion of Iraq was given by the elected members of the House of Commons to Tony Blair's government on the eve of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, in a series of two votes, on 18 March 2003.

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Brookings Institution

The Brookings Institution, often stylized as Brookings, is an American think tank that conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics (and tax policy), metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, global economy, and economic development.

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Brown University

Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island.

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Bush Doctrine

The Bush Doctrine refers to multiple interrelated foreign policy principles of the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush. Iraq War and Bush Doctrine are presidency of George W. Bush.

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Canada

Canada is a country in North America.

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Capture of Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein, the deposed president of Iraq, was captured by the United States military in the town of Ad-Dawr, Iraq on 13 December 2003.

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Caretaker government

A caretaker government is a temporary ad hoc government that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed.

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Casualties of the Iraq War

Estimates of the casualties from the Iraq War (beginning with the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the ensuing occupation and insurgency and civil war) have come in several forms, and those estimates of different types of Iraq War casualties vary greatly. Iraq War and casualties of the Iraq War are George W. Bush administration controversies.

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Center for Public Integrity

The Center for Public Integrity (CPI) is an American nonprofit investigative journalism organization whose stated mission is "to counter the corrosive effects of inequality by holding powerful interests accountable and equipping the public with knowledge to drive change." It won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting, and in 2023, the Edward R.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas

The Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Centre for Sociological Research), or CIS, is a Spanish public research institute.

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Chancellor of Germany

The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal government of Germany, and the commander-in-chief of the German Armed Forces during wartime.

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Charter of the United Nations

The Charter of the United Nations (UN) is the foundational treaty of the United Nations.

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Chemical weapon

A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans.

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Christianity in Iraq

The Christians of Iraq are considered to be one of the oldest continuous Christian communities in the world.

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Christopher Hitchens

Christopher Eric Hitchens (13 April 1949 – 15 December 2011) was a British and American author, journalist, and educator.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

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Coalition of the Gulf War

On 29 November 1990, the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 authorized the assembly of a multinational military coalition to fight against Iraq in the Gulf War.

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Coalition of the willing (Iraq War)

The term coalition of the willing was applied to the United States-led Multi-National Force – Iraq, the military command during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and much of the ensuing Iraq War.

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Coalition Provisional Authority

The Coalition Provisional Authority (translit; translit, CPA) was a transitional government of Iraq established following the invasion of the country on 19 March 2003 by U.S.-led Coalition forces. Iraq War and Coalition Provisional Authority are 2000s in Iraq and George W. Bush administration controversies.

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Coalition Provisional Authority Order 1

Coalition Provisional Authority Order 1: De-Ba'athification of Iraqi Society is the first of the 100 Orders imposed by the Coalition Provisional Authority during the Iraq War.

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Colin Powell

Colin Luther Powell (April 5, 1937 – October 18, 2021) was an American politician, statesman, diplomat, and United States Army officer who was the 65th United States secretary of state from 2001 to 2005.

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Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve

Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) is a multinational military formation established by the U.S.-led international coalition against the Islamic State with the stated aim to "degrade and destroy" the organization.

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Congressional Budget Office

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides budget and economic information to Congress.

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Constitution of Iraq

The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq (دستور جمهورية العراق Kurdish: دەستووری عێراق) is the fundamental law of Iraq.

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Containment

Containment was a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.

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Corn Laws

The Corn Laws were tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and corn enforced in the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1846.

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Council of Representatives of Iraq

The Council of Representatives (Majlis an-Nuwwāb al-ʿIrāqiyy; ئه‌نجومه‌نی نوێنه‌ران, Encûmena Nûnerên Iraqê), usually referred to simply as the Parliament, is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Iraq.

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Council on Foreign Relations

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an American think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international relations.

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Counterterrorism

Counterterrorism (alternatively spelled: counter-terrorism), also known as anti-terrorism, relates to the practices, military tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, law enforcement, businesses, and intelligence agencies use to combat or eliminate terrorism.

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Crimes against humanity

Crimes against humanity are certain serious crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians.

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Criticism of the Iraq War

The U.S. rationale for the Iraq War has faced heavy criticism from an array of popular and official sources both inside and outside the United States. Iraq War and criticism of the Iraq War are George W. Bush administration controversies.

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Criticism of United States foreign policy

Criticism of United States foreign policy encompasses a wide range of opinions and views on the perceived failures and shortcomings of American foreign policy and actions.

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Curveball (informant)

Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi (رافد أحمد علوان الجنابي,; born 1968), known by the Defense Intelligence Agency cryptonym "Curveball", is a German citizen who defected from Iraq in 1999, claiming that he had worked as a chemical engineer at a plant that manufactured mobile biological weapon laboratories as part of an Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) program. Iraq War and Curveball (informant) are George W. Bush administration controversies.

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Dangerous goods

Dangerous goods (DG), are substances that when transported are a risk to health, safety, property or the environment.

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Danish Realm

The Danish Realm, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, or simply Denmark, is a sovereign state and refers to the area over which the monarch of Denmark is head of state.

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David Petraeus

David Howell Petraeus --> (born November 7, 1952) is a retired United States Army general and public official.

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De-Ba'athification

De-Ba'athification (&lrm) refers to a policy undertaken in Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) and subsequent Iraqi governments to remove the Ba'ath Party's influence in the new Iraqi political system after the U.S.-led invasion in 2003.

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Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush

Abed Hamed Mowhoush (عبد حمد مهاوش) was an air vice-marshal believed to be in command of the transport, logistics and airlifting division of the Iraqi Air Force during the regime of Saddam Hussein immediately prior to the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, until his surrender to United States forces on 10 November 2003.

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Death squad

A death squad is an armed group whose primary activity is carrying out extrajudicial killings, massacres, or enforced disappearances as part of political repression, genocide, ethnic cleansing, or revolutionary terror.

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December 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 15 December 2005, following the approval of a new constitution in a referendum of 15 October.

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Defense Manpower Data Center

The Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) serves under the Office of the Secretary of Defense to collate personnel, manpower, training, financial, and other data for the Department of Defense.

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Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.

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Depleted uranium

Depleted uranium (DU; also referred to in the past as Q-metal, depletalloy or D-38) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope 235U than natural uranium.

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Der Spiegel

(stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

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Dereliction of duty in American law

Dereliction of duty is a specific offense under United States Code Title 10, Section 892, Article 92 and applies to all branches of the US military.

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Detention (imprisonment)

Detention is the process whereby a state or private citizen lawfully holds a person by removing their freedom or liberty at that time.

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Development Fund for Iraq

In May 2003, following the invasion of Iraq in March of that year, the Central Bank of Iraq-Development Fund for Iraq (DFI) account was created at the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of New York at the request of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) Administrator.

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Dick Cheney

Richard Bruce Cheney (born January 30, 1941) is an American retired politician and businessman who served as the 46th vice president of the United States from 2001 to 2009 under President George W. Bush.

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Division (military)

A division is a large military unit or formation, usually consisting of between 10,000 and 25,000 soldiers.

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Diyala Governorate

Diyala Governorate (محافظة ديالى) or Diyala Province is a governorate in northeastern Iraq.

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Dominique de Villepin

Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (born 14 November 1953) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac.

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Dominique Reynié

Dominique Reynié (born 17 June 1960, Rodez, France) is a French academic.

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Domino effect

A domino effect is the cumulative effect produced when one event sets off a series of similar or related events, a form of chain reaction.

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Donald Rumsfeld

Donald Henry Rumsfeld (July 9, 1932 – June 29, 2021) was an American politician, government official and businessman who served as secretary of defense from 1975 to 1977 under president Gerald Ford, and again from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush.

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Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

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Effigy

An effigy is a sculptural representation, often life-size, of a specific person or a prototypical figure.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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El País

() is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Spain.

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Electrocution

Electrocution is death or severe injury caused by electric shock from electric current passing through the body.

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Epic of Gilgamesh

The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic from ancient Mesopotamia.

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Erbil

Erbil (أربيل,; ܐܲܪܒܹܝܠ), also called Hawler, is the capital and most populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

See Iraq War and Erbil

Eric Shinseki

Eric Ken Shinseki (Shinseki Ken, born November 28, 1942) is a retired United States Army general who served as the seventh United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs (2009–2014) and the 34th Chief of Staff of the Army (1999–2003).

See Iraq War and Eric Shinseki

Ethnic cleansing

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous.

See Iraq War and Ethnic cleansing

Euphrates

The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.

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Eurest Support Services

Eurest Support Services (ESS) is a subsidiary of the catering company Compass Group PLC specializing in harsh-environment large-scale food service and facilities management.

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European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights

The European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR) is an independent, nonprofit non-governmental organization with the aim of enforcing human rights through legal means.

See Iraq War and European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights

Execution of Saddam Hussein

The execution of former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein took place on 30 December 2006.

See Iraq War and Execution of Saddam Hussein

Explosively formed penetrator

An explosively formed penetrator (EFP), also known as an explosively formed projectile, a self-forging warhead, or a self-forging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively, from a much greater standoff range than standard shaped charges, which are more limited by standoff distance.

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Ezzedine Salim

Ezzedine Salim (عز الدين سليم), also known as Abdelzahra Othman Mohammed (23 March 1943 – 17 May 2004, عبد الزهراء عثمان محمد), was an Iraqi politician, author, educator, Islamist theorist and one of the leading members of the Iraqi Dawaa Movement between 1980 and 2004.

See Iraq War and Ezzedine Salim

Fabrizio Quattrocchi

Fabrizio Quattrocchi (9 May 1968 – 14 April 2004) was an Italian security contractor taken hostage and subsequently killed by insurgents in the Iraq War.

See Iraq War and Fabrizio Quattrocchi

Fallujah

Fallujah (ٱلْفَلُّوجَة) is a city in Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq.

See Iraq War and Fallujah

Fallujah, The Hidden Massacre

Fallujah, The Hidden Massacre is a documentary film by Sigfrido Ranucci and Maurizio Torrealta which first aired on Italy's RAI state television network on November 8, 2005.

See Iraq War and Fallujah, The Hidden Massacre

Fedayeen

Fedayeen (فِدائيّين fidāʼīyīn "self-sacrificers") is an Arabic term used to refer to various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign.

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Fedayeen Saddam

Fedayeen Saddam (Fidā'iyyī Saddām) was a paramilitary Fedayeen organization intensely loyal to the Ba'athist Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein.

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Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency.

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Federal government of Iraq

The federal government of Iraq is defined under the current Constitution, approved in 2005, as an Islamic, democratic, federal parliamentary republic.

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Federal Intelligence Service

The Federal Intelligence Service (German: Bundesnachrichtendienst,; BND) is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany, directly subordinate to the Chancellor's Office.

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Fern Holland

Fern Leona Holland (August 5, 1970 – March 9, 2004) was an American lawyer who was killed in the Iraq conflict that began in 2003.

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Financial cost of the Iraq War

The following is a partial accounting of financial costs of the 2003 Iraq War by the United States and the United Kingdom, the two largest non-Iraqi participants of the multinational force in Iraq.

See Iraq War and Financial cost of the Iraq War

Firdos Square

Al-Firdos Square (Sāḥat al-Firdaus) is a public open space in central Baghdad, Iraq.

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Firdos Square statue destruction

On April 9, 2003, during the US invasion of Iraq, a large statue of Saddam Hussein in Baghdad's Firdos Square was destroyed by Iraqi civilians and United States Marines. Iraq War and Firdos Square statue destruction are George W. Bush administration controversies.

See Iraq War and Firdos Square statue destruction

First Battle of Fallujah

The First Battle of Fallujah, code-named Operation Vigilant Resolve, was an operation against militants in Fallujah as well as an attempt to apprehend or kill the perpetrators of the killing of four U.S. contractors in March 2004.

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Flight deck

The flight deck of an aircraft carrier is the surface from which its aircraft take off and land, essentially a miniature airfield at sea.

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Foreign Affairs

Foreign Affairs is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

See Iraq War and Foreign Affairs

Foreign hostages in Iraq

Members of the Iraqi insurgency began taking foreign hostages in Iraq beginning in April 2004.

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Foreign interventions by the United States

The United States government has been involved in numerous interventions in foreign countries throughout its history.

See Iraq War and Foreign interventions by the United States

Foreign policy of the United States

The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the United States of America, including all the bureaus and offices in the United States Department of State, as mentioned in the Foreign Policy Agenda of the Department of State, are "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community".

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Fox News

The Fox News Channel (FNC), commonly known as Fox News, is an American multinational conservative news and political commentary television channel and website based in New York City.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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Gallup, Inc.

Gallup, Inc. is an American multinational analytics and advisory company based in Washington, D.C. Founded by George Gallup in 1935, the company became known for its public opinion polls conducted worldwide.

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General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon

The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is an American single-engine supersonic multirole fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force (USAF).

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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George W. Casey Jr.

George William Casey Jr. (born July 22, 1948) is a retired four-star general who served as the 36th Chief of Staff of the United States Army from April 10, 2007, to April 10, 2011.

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Gerhard Schröder

Gerhard Fritz Kurt "Gerd" Schröder (born 7 April 1944) is a German former politician who was the chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Gordon Brown

James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.

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Government Accountability Office

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan government agency within the legislative branch that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress.

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Green Zone

The Green Zone (translit) is the most common name for the International Zone of Baghdad.

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GROM Military Unit

The GROM Military Unit (Polish: Jednostka Wojskowa GROM), is a Polish special forces unit and forms part of the Special Troops Command of the Polish Armed Forces.

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Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military, such as rebels, partisans, paramilitary personnel or armed civilians including recruited children, use ambushes, sabotage, terrorism, raids, petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in a rebellion, in a violent conflict, in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military, police or rival insurgent forces.

See Iraq War and Guerrilla warfare

Gulf War

The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States. Iraq War and Gulf War are wars involving Australia, wars involving Denmark, wars involving Iraq, wars involving Italy, wars involving New Zealand, wars involving Norway, wars involving Poland, wars involving Romania, wars involving South Korea, wars involving Spain, wars involving Turkey, wars involving the Netherlands, wars involving the Philippines, wars involving the United Kingdom and wars involving the United States.

See Iraq War and Gulf War

Haditha

Haditha (حَدِيثَةٌ, al-Ḥadīthah) is a town in the Al Anbar Governorate, about northwest of Baghdad.

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Haditha massacre

The Haditha massacre (also called the Haditha killings or the Haditha incident) was a series of killings on November 19, 2005, in which a group of United States Marines killed 24 unarmed Iraqi civilians.

See Iraq War and Haditha massacre

Haider al-Abadi

Haider Jawad Kadhim al-Abadi (حيدر جواد كاظمالعبادي; born 25 April 1952) is an Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq from September 2014 until October 2018.

See Iraq War and Haider al-Abadi

Hamas of Iraq

Hamas of Iraq was a Sunni militia group based in Iraq, which split from the 1920 Revolution Brigades on 18 March 2007.

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Hans Blix

Hans Martin Blix (born 28 June 1928) is a Swedish diplomat and politician for the Liberal People's Party.

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Harvard Kennedy School

Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), officially the John F. Kennedy School of Government, is the school of public policy and government of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Hillah

Hillah (ٱلْحِلَّة al-Ḥillah), also spelled Hilla, is a city in central Iraq on the Hilla branch of the Euphrates River, south of Baghdad.

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House of Commons of the United Kingdom

The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Ideology

An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".

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Improvised explosive device

An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Indonesia

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.

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International Atomic Energy Agency

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.

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International Business Times

The International Business Times is an American online newspaper that publishes five national editions in four languages.

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International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands.

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International Institute for Strategic Studies

The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) is an international research institute or think tank focusing on defence and security issues.

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International sanctions against Iraq

On 6 August 1990, four days after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) placed a comprehensive embargo on Iraq. Iraq War and International sanctions against Iraq are 2000s in Iraq and modern history of Iraq.

See Iraq War and International sanctions against Iraq

Invasion

An invasion is a military offensive of combatants of one geopolitical entity, usually in large numbers, entering territory controlled by another similar entity.

See Iraq War and Invasion

Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Iran and Saudi Arabia are engaged in an ongoing struggle for influence in the Middle East and other regions of the Muslim world. Iraq War and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict are proxy wars.

See Iraq War and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

See Iraq War and Iraq

Iraq and weapons of mass destruction

Iraq actively researched and later employed weapons of mass destruction (WMD) from 1962 to 1991, when it destroyed its chemical weapons stockpile and halted its biological and nuclear weapon programs as required by the United Nations Security Council. Iraq War and Iraq and weapons of mass destruction are George W. Bush administration controversies, Iraq–United States relations, Premiership of Tony Blair and presidency of George W. Bush.

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Iraq Body Count project

Iraq Body Count project (IBC) is a web-based effort to record civilian deaths resulting from the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq.

See Iraq War and Iraq Body Count project

Iraq Family Health Survey

On January 9, 2008 the World Health Organization reported the results of the "Iraq Family Health Survey" published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

See Iraq War and Iraq Family Health Survey

Iraq Inquiry

The Iraq Inquiry (also referred to as the Chilcot Inquiry after its chairman, Sir John Chilcot) The Guardian, 31 July 2009. Iraq War and Iraq Inquiry are Premiership of Tony Blair.

See Iraq War and Iraq Inquiry

Iraq Liberation Act

The Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 is a United States Congressional statement of policy stating that "It should be the policy of the United States to support efforts to remove the regime headed by Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq." It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton, and states that it is the policy of the United States to support democratic movements within Iraq. Iraq War and Iraq Liberation Act are Iraq–United States relations.

See Iraq War and Iraq Liberation Act

Iraq Museum

The Iraq Museum (المتحف العراقي) is the national museum of Iraq, located in Baghdad.

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Iraq prison abuse scandals

About six months after the United States invasion of Iraq of 2003, rumors of Iraq prison abuse scandals started to emerge.

See Iraq War and Iraq prison abuse scandals

Iraq Study Group Report

The Iraq Study Group Report: The Way Forward – A New Approach is the report of the Iraq Study Group, as mandated by the United States Congress.

See Iraq War and Iraq Study Group Report

Iraq Survey Group

The Iraq Survey Group (ISG) was a fact-finding mission sent by the multinational force in Iraq to find the weapons of mass destruction alleged to be possessed by Iraq that had been the main ostensible reason for the invasion in 2003.

See Iraq War and Iraq Survey Group

Iraq War documents leak

The Iraq War documents leak is the disclosure to WikiLeaks of 391,832 United States Army field reports, also called the Iraq War Logs, of the Iraq War from 2004 to 2009 and published on the Internet on 2010.

See Iraq War and Iraq War documents leak

Iraq War troop surge of 2007

The Iraq War troop surge of 2007, commonly known as the troop surge, or simply the surge, refers to the George W. Bush administration's 2007 increase in the number of U.S. military combat troops in Iraq in order to provide security to Baghdad and Al Anbar Governorate.

See Iraq War and Iraq War troop surge of 2007

Iraq–United States relations

Diplomatic relations between Iraq and the United States began when the U.S. first recognized Iraq on January 9, 1930, with the signing of the Anglo-American-Iraqi Convention in London by Charles G. Dawes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom.

See Iraq War and Iraq–United States relations

Iraqi Armed Forces

The Iraqi Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of Iraq.

See Iraq War and Iraqi Armed Forces

Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)

The Iraqi civil war was an armed conflict from 2006 to 2008 between various sectarian Shia and Sunni armed groups, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Mahdi Army, in addition to the Iraqi government alongside American-led coalition forces. Iraq War and Iraqi civil war (2006–2008) are wars involving Iraq.

See Iraq War and Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)

Iraqi conflict

The Iraqi conflict is a series of violent events that began with the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq and deposition of Iraqi president Saddam Hussein, the most recent of which is the ISIS conflict, in which the Iraqi government declared victory in 2017. Iraq War and Iraqi conflict are 2000s conflicts, 2000s in Iraq, 2010s conflicts, 2010s in Iraq, war on terror, wars involving Iraq, wars involving Turkey, wars involving the United Kingdom and wars involving the United States.

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Iraqi Governing Council

The Iraqi Governing Council (IGC) was the provisional government of Iraq from 13 July 2003 to 1 June 2004.

See Iraq War and Iraqi Governing Council

Iraqi Ground Forces

The Iraqi Ground Forces (Arabic: القوات البرية العراقية), also referred to as the Iraqi Army (Arabic: الجيش العراقي), is the ground force component of the Iraqi Armed Forces.

See Iraq War and Iraqi Ground Forces

Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)

An Iraqi insurgency began shortly after the 2003 American invasion deposed longtime leader Saddam Hussein. Iraq War and Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011) are 2000s conflicts, 2000s in Iraq, 2010s conflicts, 2010s in Iraq, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraq, war on terror and wars involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

See Iraq War and Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)

Iraqi Interim Government

The Iraqi Interim Government was created by the United States and its coalition allies as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the drafting of the new constitution following the National Assembly election conducted on January 30, 2005.

See Iraq War and Iraqi Interim Government

Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait began on 2 August 1990 and marked the beginning of the Gulf War. Iraq War and Iraqi invasion of Kuwait are wars involving Iraq.

See Iraq War and Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

Iraqi Kurdistan

Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq.

See Iraq War and Iraqi Kurdistan

Iraqi National Congress

The Iraqi National Congress (INC; Al-Moutammar Al-Watani Al-'Iraqi) is an Iraqi political party that was led by Ahmed Chalabi who died in 2015. Iraq War and Iraqi National Congress are Iraq–United States relations.

See Iraq War and Iraqi National Congress

Iraqi no-fly zones conflict

The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991. Iraq War and Iraqi no-fly zones conflict are 2000s in Iraq, Iraq–United States relations, wars involving Iraq, wars involving the United Kingdom and wars involving the United States.

See Iraq War and Iraqi no-fly zones conflict

Iraqi Police

The Iraqi Police (IP) is the uniformed police force responsible for the enforcement of civil law in Iraq.

See Iraq War and Iraqi Police

Iraqi security forces

The Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) is a term used by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) to describe law enforcement and military forces of the federal government of the Republic of Iraq.

See Iraq War and Iraqi security forces

Iraqi Transitional Government

The Iraqi Transitional Government was the government of Iraq from May 3, 2005, when it replaced the Iraqi Interim Government, until May 20, 2006, when it was replaced by a permanent government.

See Iraq War and Iraqi Transitional Government

Islamic Army in Iraq

The Islamic Army in Iraq (translit, IAI) was an underground Islamist militant organization formed in Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq by U.S.-led Coalition forces, and the subsequent collapse of the Ba'athist regime headed by Saddam Hussein.

See Iraq War and Islamic Army in Iraq

Islamic State

The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and an unrecognised quasi-state.

See Iraq War and Islamic State

Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)

The Islamic State insurgency in Iraq is an ongoing low-intensity insurgency that began in 2017 after the Islamic State (IS) lost its territorial control in the War in Iraq, during which IS and allied White Flags fought the Iraqi military (largely backed by the United States, United Kingdom and other countries conducting airstrikes against IS) and allied paramilitary forces (largely backed by Iran). Iraq War and Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) are 2010s conflicts, 2010s in Iraq, 2010s in Iraqi Kurdistan, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraq, wars involving Iraq and wars involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

See Iraq War and Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)

Islamic State of Iraq

The Islamic State of Iraq (ISI; دولة العراق الإسلامية) was a Salafi jihadist militant organization that fought the forces of the U.S.-led coalition during the Iraqi insurgency.

See Iraq War and Islamic State of Iraq

Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

See Iraq War and Israel

Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

See Iraq War and Italy

Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad

Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, abbreviated as JTJ or Jama'at, was a Salafi jihadist militant group.

See Iraq War and Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad

Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna

Jamaat Ansar al-Sunnah (Helpers of Sunnah), also known as Jaish Ansar al-Sunna (Army of the Helpers of Sunnah), Ali ibn Abi Talib Battalion or simply as Ansar al-Sunnah was an Iraqi Sunni insurgent group that fought against US troops and their local allies during the Iraq War.

See Iraq War and Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna

James Baker

James Addison Baker III (born April 28, 1930) is an American attorney, diplomat and statesman.

See Iraq War and James Baker

January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 30 January 2005 to elect the new National Assembly, alongside governorate elections and a parliamentary election in Kurdistan Region.

See Iraq War and January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election

Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

See Iraq War and Japan

Jay Garner

Jay Montgomery Garner (born April 15, 1938) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who in 2003 was appointed as Director of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, making him the immediate replacement of Saddam Hussein as the de facto head of state of Iraq.

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Jean Bethke Elshtain

Jean Paulette Bethke Elshtain (January 6, 1941 – August 11, 2013) was an American ethicist, political philosopher, and public intellectual.

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Jim Jeffords

James Merrill Jeffords (May 11, 1934 – August 18, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. senator from Vermont.

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Jim Mattis

James Norman Mattis (born September 8, 1950) is an American military veteran who served as the 26th United States secretary of defense from 2017 to 2019.

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Jim Webb

James Henry Webb Jr. (born February 9, 1946) is an American politician and author.

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Joe Biden

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States since 2021.

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John Denham (politician)

John Yorke Denham (born 15 July 1953) is an English politician who served as Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills from 2007 to 2009 and Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government from 2009 to 2010.

See Iraq War and John Denham (politician)

Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is the body of the most senior uniformed leaders within the United States Department of Defense, which advises the president of the United States, the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters.

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Joint Special Operations Command

The Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) is a joint component command of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and is charged with studying special operations requirements and techniques to ensure interoperability and equipment standardization, to plan and conduct special operations exercises and training, to develop joint special operations tactics, and to execute special operations missions worldwide.

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Joint Special Operations Command Task Force in the Iraq War

The Joint Special Operations Command Task Force which fought in the Iraq War was a joint U.S. and British special operations temporary grouping assembled from different units.

See Iraq War and Joint Special Operations Command Task Force in the Iraq War

Jordan

Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.

See Iraq War and Jordan

Joschka Fischer

Joseph Martin "Joschka" Fischer (born 12 April 1948) is a German former politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens party.

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Journal of Strategic Studies

The Journal of Strategic Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering military and diplomatic strategic studies.

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Juba (sniper)

Jubaسِفر الأبطال: الجزء الثالث - صفحة 78books.google.iq › books سعد عبد القادر ماهر - 2019 - (جوبا), sometimes spelled Joba, is the pseudonym of an anonymous sniper with the Sunni insurgent group Islamic Army in Iraq involved in the Iraqi insurgency, featured in several videos released between 2005 and 2007.

See Iraq War and Juba (sniper)

Judiciary

The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.

See Iraq War and Judiciary

Karbala

Karbala or Kerbala (Karbalāʾ) is a city in central Iraq, located about southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh, also known as Razzaza Lake.

See Iraq War and Karbala

Karbala provincial headquarters raid

The Karbala provincial headquarters raid was a special operation carried out on January 20, 2007, by the Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq against the U.S. contingent of the Joint Security Station, located within the Iraqi Police headquarters.

See Iraq War and Karbala provincial headquarters raid

Khor Al Amaya Oil Terminal

Khor Al Amaya Oil Terminal is an Iraqi oil port.

See Iraq War and Khor Al Amaya Oil Terminal

Kidnapping and killing of Margaret Hassan

Margaret Hassan (18 April 1945 – 8 November 2004) was an Irish aid worker who had worked in Iraq for many years until she was abducted by unidentified assailants in Baghdad during the Iraqi insurgency.

See Iraq War and Kidnapping and killing of Margaret Hassan

Kidnapping and murder of Kenneth Bigley

Kenneth John Bigley (22 April 1942 – 7 October 2004) was a British civil engineer who was kidnapped by Islamic extremists in the al-Mansour district of Baghdad, Iraq, on 16 September 2004, along with his colleagues, U.S. citizens Jack Hensley and Eugene Armstrong.

See Iraq War and Kidnapping and murder of Kenneth Bigley

Killing of Baha Mousa

Baha Mousa was an Iraqi man who died while in British Army custody in Basra, Iraq in September 2003.

See Iraq War and Killing of Baha Mousa

Killing of Nick Berg

Nicholas Evan Berg (April 2, 1978 – May 7, 2004) was an American freelance radio-tower repairman who went to Iraq after the United States' invasion of Iraq. Iraq War and Killing of Nick Berg are Iraq–United States relations.

See Iraq War and Killing of Nick Berg

Kim Sun-il

Kim Sun-il (13 September 1970-) was a South Korean interpreter and Christian missionary who was kidnapped and murdered in Iraq.

See Iraq War and Kim Sun-il

Kirkuk

Kirkuk (كركوك; translit;; Kerkük) is a city in Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate, located north of Baghdad.

See Iraq War and Kirkuk

Kofi Annan

Kofi Atta Annan (8 April 193818 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006.

See Iraq War and Kofi Annan

Kurdistan Free Life Party

The Kurdistan Free Life Party, or PJAK (Partiya Jiyana Azad a Kurdistanê), is a Kurdish leftist anti-Islamic Republic of Iran armed militant group.

See Iraq War and Kurdistan Free Life Party

Kurdistan Region

Kurdistan Region (KRI; Herêmî Kurdistan; Herêma Kurdistanê; Iqlīm Kurdistān) is an autonomous administrative entity within the Republic of Iraq.

See Iraq War and Kurdistan Region

Kurdistan Workers' Party

The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement which historically operated throughout Kurdistan but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq.

See Iraq War and Kurdistan Workers' Party

Kurds

Kurds or Kurdish people (rtl, Kurd) are an Iranic ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria.

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Kurds in Iraq

The Iraqi Kurds (translit) are the second largest ethnic group of Iraq.

See Iraq War and Kurds in Iraq

Kut

Kūt (al-Kūt), officially Al-Kut, also spelled Kutulamare or Kut al-Imara, is a city in eastern Iraq, on the left bank of the Tigris River, about south east of Baghdad.

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Kuwait

Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

See Iraq War and Labour Party (UK)

Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties

The Lancet, one of the oldest scientific medical journals in the world, published two peer-reviewed studies on the effect of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent occupation on the Iraqi mortality rate. Iraq War and Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties are George W. Bush administration controversies.

See Iraq War and Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties

Laser-guided bomb

A laser-guided bomb (LGB) is a guided bomb that uses semi-active laser guidance to strike a designated target with greater accuracy than an unguided bomb.

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Law of war

The law of war is a component of international law that regulates the conditions for initiating war (jus ad bellum) and the conduct of hostilities (jus in bello).

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Leader of the House of Commons

The leader of the House of Commons is a minister of the Crown of the Government of the United Kingdom whose main role is organising government business in the House of Commons.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

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Lee Hamilton

Lee Herbert Hamilton (born April 20, 1931) is an American politician and lawyer from Indiana.

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Legality of the Iraq War

The legality of the Iraq War is a contested topic that spans both domestic and international law.

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Legislature

A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the legal authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city.

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Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq

A dispute exists over the legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

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Libya

Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

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Lincoln Chafee

Lincoln Davenport Chafee (born March 26, 1953) is an American politician.

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List of anti-war organizations

In order to facilitate organized, determined, and principled opposition to the wars, people have often founded anti-war organizations.

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List of Iraqi security forces fatality reports in Iraq

This is a comprehensive list of Iraqi security forces members killed in the Iraq War.

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List of members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq, 2005–2010

The members of the first Iraqi Council of Representatives were elected in December 2005 under the newly adopted constitution.

See Iraq War and List of members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq, 2005–2010

List of wars by death toll

This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by the war.

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Lloyd Austin

Lloyd James Austin III (born August 8, 1953) is a retired United States Army four-star general who has served as the 28th and current United States secretary of defense since January 22, 2021.

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London Review of Books

The London Review of Books (LRB) is a British literary magazine published bimonthly (twice a month) that features articles and essays on fiction and non-fiction subjects, which are usually structured as book reviews.

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Looting

Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting.

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M16 rifle

The M16 rifle (officially designated Rifle, Caliber 5.56 mm, M16) is a family of assault rifles adapted from the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle for the United States military.

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M4 carbine

The M4 carbine (officially Carbine, Caliber 5.56 mm, M4) is a 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle developed in the United States during the 1980s.

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Mahdi Army

The Mahdi Army (جيش المهدي) was an Iraqi Shia militia created by Muqtada al-Sadr in June 2003 and disbanded in 2008.

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Mahmudiyah rape and killings

The Mahmudiyah rape and killings were a series of war crimes committed by five U.S. Army soldiers during the U.S. occupation of Iraq, involving the gang-rape and murder of 14-year-old Iraqi girl Abeer Qassim Hamza al-Janabi and the murder of her family on March 12, 2006.

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Main battle tank

A main battle tank (MBT), also known as a battle tank or universal tank,Ogorkiewicz 2018 p222 is a tank that fills the role of armour-protected direct fire and maneuver in many modern armies.

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Malnutrition

Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems.

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Manchester

Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, which had a population of 552,000 at the 2021 census.

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Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune

Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune is a United States military training facility in Jacksonville, North Carolina.

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Marine Security Guard

A Marine Security Guard (MSG), also known as a Marine Embassy Guard, is a member of the Marine Corps Embassy Security Group (formerly Marine Security Guard Battalion), a brigade-sized organization of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) whose detachments provide security at American embassies, consulates, and other official U.S.

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McClatchy

The McClatchy Company, or simply McClatchy, is an American publishing company incorporated under Delaware's General Corporation Law.

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Medicine, Conflict and Survival

Medicine, Conflict and Survival is a scholarly publication covering the health aspects of violence and human rights.

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MI6

The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence on foreign nationals in support of its Five Eyes partners.

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Michael Walzer

Michael Laban Walzer (born March 3, 1935) is an American political theorist and public intellectual.

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Military transition team

A Military Transition Team or Transition Team, commonly abbreviated as MiTT, in the context of the United States Military, is a 10 – 15 soldier team that trains foreign national and local security forces.

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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)

The minister of foreign affairs of the Russian Federation is a high-ranking Russian government official who heads the ministry of foreign affairs of the Russian Federation.

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Ministry of Defence (Iraq)

The Ministry of Defence (وزارة الدفاع العراقية) is the cabinet-level ministry responsible for defence in Iraq.

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Ministry of Health (Iraq)

The Ministry of Health is the cabinet-level ministry of the Iraqi government tasked to provide health and medical services to every Iraqi citizen during normal and emergency circumstances in the country.

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Ministry of Interior (Iraq)

The Ministry of Interior (MOI) is the government body charged with overseeing policing and border control in Iraq.

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Ministry of Oil (Iraq)

The Ministry of Oil (وزارة النفط) is the cabinet-level ministry of the Iraqi government responsible for managing and developing the energy (oil and gas) sector in Iraq.

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Mission Accomplished speech

On May 1, 2003, United States President George W. Bush gave a televised speech on the aircraft carrier USS ''Abraham Lincoln''. Iraq War and Mission Accomplished speech are George W. Bush administration controversies.

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Mock execution

A mock execution is a stratagem in which a victim is deliberately but falsely made to feel that their execution or that of another person is imminent or is taking place.

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Mohamed ElBaradei

Mohamed Mostafa ElBaradei (Muḥammad Muṣṭafá al-Barādaʿī,; born 17 June 1942) is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat who served as the vice president of Egypt on an interim basis from 14 July 2013 until his resignation on 14 August 2013.

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Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani

Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani (محمد شياع السوداني; born 1970) is an Iraqi politician who has been the Prime Minister of Iraq since 27 October 2022.

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Moral panic

A moral panic is a widespread feeling of fear that some evil person or thing threatens the values, interests, or well-being of a community or society.

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Morocco

Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

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Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards

During the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a United States–led coalition, the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency developed a set of playing cards to help troops identify the most-wanted members of President Saddam Hussein's government, mostly high-ranking members of the Iraqi Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or members of the Revolutionary Command Council; among them were some of Hussein's family members.

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Mosul

Mosul (al-Mawṣil,,; translit; Musul; Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate.

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Mount Judi

Mount Judi (Cudi Dağı; Al-Jūdiyy; Ջուդի լեռը; script) is a mountain in Turkey.

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MSNBC

MSNBC (short for Microsoft NBC) is an American news-based television channel and website headquartered in New York City.

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Mujahideen

Mujahideen, or Mujahidin (mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad, interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah). Iraq War and Mujahideen are war on terror.

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Mujahideen Army (Iraq)

The Mujahideen Army (Arabic:جيش المجاهدين; lit. Army of the Holy Warrior) was a Sunni militant group in Iraq.

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Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre

The Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre (translit) refers to the U.S. military's attack on a wedding party in Mukaradeeb, a small village in Anbar Province, Iraq near the border with Syria, on 19 May 2004. Iraq War and Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre are Iraq–United States relations.

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Multi-National Force – Iraq

The Multi-National Force – Iraq (MNF–I), often referred to as the Coalition forces, was a military command during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and much of the ensuing Iraq War, led by the United States of America (Operation Iraqi Freedom), United Kingdom (Operation Telic), Australia, Italy (Operation Ancient Babylon), Spain and Poland, responsible for conducting and handling military operations. Iraq War and Multi-National Force – Iraq are Iraq–United States relations.

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Munich Security Conference

The Munich Security Conference (MSC; Münchner Sicherheitskonferenz) is an annual conference on international security policy that has been held in Munich, Bavaria, Germany since 1963.

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Muqtada al-Sadr

Muqtada al-Sadr (Muqtadā aṣ-Ṣadr; born 4 August 1974) is an Iraqi Shia Muslim cleric, politician and militia leader.

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Murder of Du'a Khalil Aswad

Du'a Khalil Aswad (دعاء خليل أسود) (c. 1989 – c. 7 April 2007) was a 17-year-old Iraqi girl of the Yazidi faith who was stoned to death in Bashiqa, Ninawa, northern Iraq in early April 2007, the victim of an honor killing.

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Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.

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Najaf

Najaf or An-Najaf or Al-Najaf (ٱلنَّجَف) or An-Najaf al-Ashraf (ٱلنَّجَف ٱلْأَشْرَف), is the capital city of Najaf Governorate in central Iraq about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad.

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Nasiriyah Airport

Nasiriyah Airport is a public and military airport located 23 km (14 mi) southwest of Nasiriyah, Iraq.

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National Guard (Iraq)

The Iraqi National Guard (ING; الحرس الوطني, al-Ḥaras al-Waṭanī) was an armed force originally established by the United States Coalition Provisional Authority.

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National Intelligence Council

The National Intelligence Council (NIC), established in 1979 and reporting to the Director of National Intelligence, bridges the United States Intelligence Community (IC) with policy makers in the United States.

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National Intelligence Estimate

National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs) are United States federal government documents that are the authoritative assessment of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) on intelligence related to a particular national security issue.

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National Network to End the War Against Iraq

The National Network to End the War Against Iraq (NNEWAI) (2001–2004) was the first formal coalition in the United States founded specifically to oppose the policy of economic sanctions and ongoing bombing of targets inside Iraq.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

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NDTV

New Delhi Television Ltd is an Indian news media company focusing on broadcast and digital news publication.

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Nelson Mandela

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (born Rolihlahla Mandela; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, politician, and statesman who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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News agency

A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters.

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Nisour Square massacre

The Nisour Square massacre occurred on September 16, 2007, when employees of Blackwater Security Consulting (now Constellis), a private military company contracted by the United States government to provide security services in Iraq, shot at Iraqi civilians, killing 17 and injuring 20 in Nisour Square, Baghdad, while escorting a U.S.

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North Carolina

North Carolina is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

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Nouri al-Maliki

Nouri Kamil Muhammad-Hasan al-Maliki (نوري كامل محمد حسن المالكي; born 20 June 1950), also known as Jawad al-Maliki (rtl), is an Iraqi politician and leader of the Islamic Dawa Party since 2007.

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Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)

The Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) was characterized by a large United States military deployment on Iraqi territory, beginning with the US-led invasion of the country in March 2003 which overthrew the Ba'ath Party government of Saddam Hussein and ending with the departure of US troops from the country in 2011. Iraq War and Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) are 2000s in Iraq, 2010s in Iraq, George W. Bush administration controversies and Iraq–United States relations.

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Office of Special Plans

The Office of Special Plans (OSP), which existed from September 2002 to June 2003, was a Pentagon unit created by Paul Wolfowitz and Douglas Feith, and headed by Feith, as charged by then–United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, to supply senior George W. Bush administration officials with raw intelligence (unvetted by intelligence analysts, see Stovepiping) pertaining to Iraq. Iraq War and office of Special Plans are George W. Bush administration controversies.

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Oil reserves in Iraq

Oil reserves in Iraq are considered the world's fifth-largest proven oil reserves, with 140 billion barrels.

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Oil spill

An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.

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Oil-for-Food Programme

The Oil-for-Food Programme (OIP) was established by the United Nations in 1995 (under UN Security Council Resolution 986) to allow Iraq to sell oil on the world market in exchange for food, medicine, and other humanitarian needs for ordinary Iraqi citizens without allowing Iraq to boost its military capabilities.

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Operation Sinbad

Operation Sinbad was an operation led by the Iraqi Security Forces and supported by British, Danish and other Multi-National Forces in southern Iraq.

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Operation Viking Hammer

Operation Viking Hammer was an unconventional warfare operation during the Iraq War which took place in northern Iraq, commonly known as Iraqi Kurdistan.

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Opposition to the Iraq War

Opposition to the Iraq War significantly occurred worldwide, both before and during the initial 2003 invasion of Iraq by a United States–led coalition, and throughout the subsequent occupation. Iraq War and Opposition to the Iraq War are George W. Bush administration controversies, Premiership of Tony Blair and presidency of George W. Bush.

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ORB survey of Iraq War casualties

On Friday, 14 September 2007, ORB International, an independent polling agency located in London, published estimates of the total war casualties in Iraq since the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003.

See Iraq War and ORB survey of Iraq War casualties

Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (translit; 10 March 19572 May 2011) was a Saudi Arabian-born Islamist dissident and militant leader who was the founder and first general emir of al-Qaeda from 1988 until his death in 2011. Iraq War and Osama bin Laden are war on terror.

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Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

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Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories.

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Paul Berman

Paul Lawrence Berman (born 1949) is an American writer on politics and literature.

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Paul Wolfowitz

Paul Dundes Wolfowitz (born December 22, 1943) is an American political scientist and diplomat who served as the 10th President of the World Bank, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense, U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia, and dean of Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University.

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Peshmerga

The Peshmerga (پێشمەرگه) comprise the standing military of Kurdistan Region, an autonomous political entity within the Republic of Iraq.

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Petroleum industry in Iraq

Iraq was the world's 5th largest oil producer in 2009, and has the world's fifth largest proven petroleum reserves.

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Petroleum reservoir

A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations.

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Philip Hunt, Baron Hunt of Kings Heath

Philip Alexander Hunt, Baron Hunt of Kings Heath, (born 19 May 1949) is a former health administrator and a Labour Co-operative member of the House of Lords who has served as Minister of State in the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero since July 2024.

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Philippe Sands

Philippe Joseph Sands, KC (born 17 October 1960) is a British and French writer and lawyer at 11 King's Bench Walk and Professor of Laws and Director of the Centre on International Courts and Tribunals at University College London. Iraq War and Philippe Sands are war on terror.

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Phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula.

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Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

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Polish involvement in the Iraq War

On March 17, 2003, then Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski announced that Poland would send about 2,000 troops to the Persian Gulf to take part in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

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Polish Navy

The Polish Navy (War Navy; often abbreviated to Marynarka) is the naval branch of the Polish Armed Forces.

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Politico

Politico (stylized in all caps), known originally as The Politico, is an American political digital newspaper company.

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Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Jan Paweł II; Giovanni Paolo II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła,; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.

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Preemptive war

A preemptive war is a war that is commenced in an attempt to repel or defeat a perceived imminent offensive or invasion, or to gain a strategic advantage in an impending (allegedly unavoidable) war shortly before that attack materializes. Iraq War and preemptive war are George W. Bush administration controversies and war on terror.

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Premiership of Tony Blair

Tony Blair's term as the prime minister of the United Kingdom began on 2 May 1997 when he accepted an invitation of Queen Elizabeth II to form a government, succeeding John Major of the Conservative Party, and ended on 27 June 2007 upon his resignation.

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Presidency of George W. Bush

George W. Bush's tenure as the 43rd president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2001, and ended on January 20, 2009.

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President of the United States

The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Prime Minister of Iraq

The Prime Minister of Iraq is the head of government of Iraq and the commander-in-chief of the Iraqi Armed Forces.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom.

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Prisoner abuse

Prisoner abuse is the mistreatment of persons while they are under arrest or incarcerated.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Private military company

A private military company (PMC) or private military and security company (PMSC) is a private company providing armed combat or security services for financial gain.

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Provisional government

A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, a transitional government or provisional leadership, is a temporary government formed to manage a period of transition, often following state collapse, revolution, civil war, or some combination thereof.

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Public image of George W. Bush

George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, has elicited a variety of public perceptions regarding his policies, personality and performance as a head of state.

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Public opinion in the United States on the invasion of Iraq

The United States public's opinion on the invasion of Iraq has changed significantly since the years preceding the incursion.

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Public Papers of the Presidents

The Public Papers of the Presidents contain the papers and speeches of the presidents of the United States that were issued by the White House Office of the Press Secretary.

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Qahtaniyah bombings

The Qahtaniyah bombings occurred on August 14, 2007, when four coordinated suicide car bomb attacks detonated in the Yazidi towns of Til Ezer (al-Qahtaniyah) and Siba Sheikh Khidir (al-Jazirah), in northern Iraq.

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Quds Force

The Quds Force (Jerusalem Force) is one of five branches of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) specializing in unconventional warfare and military intelligence operations.

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Qusay Hussein

Qusay Saddam Hussein al-Nasiri al-Tikriti (or Qusai, قصي صدامحسين; 17 May 1966 – 22 July 2003) was an Iraqi politician, military leader, and the second son of Saddam Hussein.

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Ramadan

Ramadan (Ramaḍān; also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer (salah), reflection, and community.

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Ramadan Offensive (2003)

During the Iraq War, the Ramadan Offensive of the Iraqi insurgency marked a sharp increase in the number of violent attacks against the American-led military coalition in Iraq and also against the new Iraqi government, beginning in the end of October 2003 and persisting for most of November 2003.

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Ramadi

Ramadi (ٱلرَّمَادِي Ar-Ramādī; also formerly rendered as Rumadiyah or Rumadiya) is a city in central Iraq, about west of Baghdad and west of Fallujah.

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RAND Corporation

The RAND Corporation is an American nonprofit global policy think tank, research institute, and public sector consulting firm.

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Raqqa

Raqqa (ar-Raqqah, also) is a city in Syria on the left bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo.

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Rationale for the Iraq War

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Raymond T. Odierno

Raymond Thomas Odierno (8 September 1954 – 8 October 2021) was an American military officer who served as a four-star general of the United States Army and as the 38th chief of staff of the Army.

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Republican Guard (Iraq)

The Iraqi Republican Guard (Ḥaras al-ʿIrāq al-Jamhūrīy) was a branch of the Iraqi military from 1969 to 2003, which existed primarily during the presidency of Saddam Hussein.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also known as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.

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Ricardo Sanchez

Ricardo Sanchez (born September 9, 1953) is a former lieutenant general in the United States Army.

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Robert Gates

Robert Michael Gates (born September 25, 1943) is an American intelligence analyst and university president who served as the 22nd United States secretary of defense from 2006 to 2011.

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Robert Hutchings

Robert Hutchings is the Walt and Elspeth Rostow Chair in National Security at the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin and served as dean of the school from 2010 to 2015.

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Robin Cook

Robert Finlayson "Robin" Cook (28 February 19466 August 2005) was a British Labour Party politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1974 until his death in 2005 and served in the Cabinet as Foreign Secretary from 1997 until 2001 when he was replaced by Jack Straw.

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Rocket-propelled grenade

A rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) is a shoulder-fired rocket weapon that launches rockets equipped with an explosive warhead.

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Rohan Gunaratna

Professor Rohan Gunaratna (born 1961) is a threat specialist of the global security environment.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Royal Australian Navy

The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval force of the Australian Defence Force (ADF).

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Russo-Ukrainian War

The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014. Iraq War and Russo-Ukrainian War are 2010s conflicts and wars involving Ukraine.

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Ryan Crocker

Ryan Clark Crocker (born June 19, 1949) is a retired American diplomat who served as a career ambassador within the United States Foreign Service.

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003.

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Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations

The Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory was based on false claims by the United States government alleging that a secretive relationship existed between Iraqi president Saddam Hussein and the Sunni pan-Islamist militant organization al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003. Iraq War and Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations are George W. Bush administration controversies, Iraq–United States relations and modern history of Iraq.

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Sadr City

Sadr City (translit), formerly known as Al-Thawra (aṯ-Ṯawra) and Saddam City (Madīnat Ṣaddām), is a suburb district of the city of Baghdad, Iraq.

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Saladin Governorate

The Saladin, Salah ad Din, or Salah Al-Din Governorate (محافظة صلاح الدين) is one of Iraq's 19 governorates, north of Baghdad.

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San Diego

San Diego is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast in Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.

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Saudis

Saudis (Suʿūdiyyūn) or Saudi Arabians are an ethnic group and nation native to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who speak the Arabic language, a Central Semitic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture.

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Sawa Lake

Sawa Lake (بحيرة ساوة.) is an endorheic basin located in the Iraqi governorate of Muthanna near to the Euphrates River, some to the west of Al-Samawa city.

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SciTech (magazine)

SciTechDaily is a popular science website, containing sections on space, physics, biology, technology and chemistry.

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Scott Helvenston

Stephen "Scott" Helvenston (June 21, 1965 – March 31, 2004) was a United States Navy SEAL.

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Second Battle of Fallujah

The Second Battle of Fallujah, initially codenamed Operation Phantom Fury, Operation al-Fajr (الفجر) was an American-led offensive of the Iraq War that lasted roughly six weeks, starting 7 November 2004.

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Secretary-General of the United Nations

The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or UNSECGEN) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.

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Sectarian violence

Sectarian violence and/or sectarian strife is a form of communal violence which is inspired by sectarianism, that is, discrimination, hatred or prejudice between different sects of a particular mode of an ideology or different sects of a religion within a nation/community.

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Sectarianism

Sectarianism is a debated concept.

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Seif Adnan Kanaan

Seif Adnan Kanaan (died 22 October 2004) was an Iraqi citizen who was abducted in Iraq and beheaded on 22 October 2004.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001. Iraq War and September 11 attacks are George W. Bush administration controversies and presidency of George W. Bush.

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Sergey Lavrov

Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov (Сергей Викторович Лавров; born 21 March 1950) is a Russian diplomat who has served as the foreign minister of Russia since 2004.

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Sexual assault

Sexual assault is an act in which one intentionally sexually touches another person without that person's consent, or coerces or physically forces a person to engage in a sexual act against their will.

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Seymour Hersh

Seymour Myron "Sy" Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American investigative journalist and political writer.

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Shia Islam

Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.

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Shia Islam in Iraq

Shia Islam in Iraq (الشيعة في العراق) has a history going back to the times of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first imam of Shia Islam and fourth caliph of Sunni Islam who moved the capital of the early caliphate from Medina to Kufa (or Najaf) two decades after the death of Muhammad.

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Shock and awe

Shock and awe (technically known as rapid dominance) is a military strategy based on the use of overwhelming power and spectacular displays of force to paralyze the enemy's perception of the battlefield and destroy their will to fight.

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Shosei Koda

was a Japanese citizen who was kidnapped and later beheaded in Iraq on 29 October 2004, by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi's group, al-Qaeda in Iraq while touring the country.

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Simon & Schuster

Simon & Schuster LLC is an American publishing company owned by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.

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Sons of Iraq

The Sons of Iraq (أبناء العراق. Abnāʼ al-ʻIrāq) or al-Sahwah were a coalition in the Al Anbar province in Iraq between Sunni tribal leaders as well as former Ba'athist Iraqi military officers that united in 2005 to maintain stability in their communities. Iraq War and Sons of Iraq are Iraq–United States relations and war on terror.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Special Activities Center

The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the United States Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert and paramilitary operations.

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Special forces

Special forces or special operations forces (SOF) are military units trained to conduct special operations.

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Special Groups (Iraq)

Special Groups (SGs) is a designation given by the United States military to the cell-based Shi'a paramilitary organizations operating within Iraq, According to the United States these groups are funded, trained, and armed by the Iranian Quds Force, part of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

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Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction

The Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction (SIGIR) (October 2004–October 2013) was created as the successor to the Coalition Provisional Authority Office of Inspector General (CPA-IG).

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Special Republican Guard (Iraq)

The Iraqi Special Republican Guard (SRG) (al-Ḥaras al-ʿIrāq al-Jamhūrīy al-Khas), also known as the Special Forces Brigade of the Presidential Palace, Republican Guard Special Protection Forces, or the Golden Division, was an Iraqi personal security force founded in either early 1992 or March 1995 in Ba'athist-era Iraq.

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State of emergency

A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens.

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State of the Union

The State of the Union Address (sometimes abbreviated to SOTU) is an annual message delivered by the president of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress near the beginning of most calendar years on the current condition of the nation.

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Sudan

Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa.

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Suicide attack

A suicide attack is a deliberate attack in which the perpetrators knowingly sacrifice their own lives as part of the attack.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.

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Sunni Triangle

The Sunni Triangle is a densely populated region of Iraq to the north and west of Baghdad inhabited mostly by Sunni Muslim Arabs.

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Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.

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Tal Afar

Tal Afar (Talʿafar) is a city in the Nineveh Governorate of northwestern Iraq, located west of Mosul, east of Sinjar.

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Targeted killing

Targeted killing is a form of assassination carried out by governments outside a judicial procedure or a battlefield.

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Tariq al-Hashimi

Tariq al-Hashimi (Ṭāriq al-Hāshimī; born 1942) is an Iraqi politician who served as the general secretary of the Iraqi Islamic Party (IIP) until May 2009.

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Task Force 121

Task Force 121 was a United States Department of Defense special operations task force.

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Task Force Tripoli

Task Force Tripoli (TFT) was a United States Marine Corps air-ground task force formed after the fall of Baghdad during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

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Telegram & Gazette

The Telegram & Gazette (and Sunday Telegram) is the only daily newspaper of Worcester, Massachusetts.

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The Age

The Age is a daily newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, that has been published since 1854.

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The American Spectator

The American Spectator is a conservative American magazine covering news and politics, edited by R. Emmett Tyrrell Jr. and published by the non-profit American Spectator Foundation.

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The Australian

The Australian, with its Saturday edition The Weekend Australian, is a broadsheet newspaper published by News Corp Australia since 14 July 1964.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs

The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs is a 2010 book artwork compiled by British artist and technology writer James Bridle.

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The Jerusalem Post

The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, founded in 1932 during the British Mandate of Palestine by Gershon Agron as The Palestine Post.

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The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind.

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The Nation

The Nation is a progressive American monthly magazine that covers political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis.

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The New England Journal of Medicine

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The New Yorker

The New Yorker is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.

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The Pentagon

The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense, in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. The building was constructed on an accelerated schedule during World War II.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Thomas E. Ricks (journalist)

Thomas Edwin "Tom" Ricks (born September 25, 1955) is an American journalist and author who specializes in the military and national security issues.

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Tigris

The Tigris (see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates.

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Tikrit

Tikrit (تِكْرِيت Tikrīt) is a city in Iraq, located northwest of Baghdad and southeast of Mosul on the Tigris River.

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Til Ezer

Til Ezer (translit, القحطانية, also known in Arabic as al-Qaḥṭānīya or Qahtaniyah, also spelled Giruzer, Kar Izir, Kahtaniya) is a village located in the Sinjar District of the Ninawa Governorate in Iraq.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

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Tommy Franks

Tommy Ray Franks (born June 17, 1945) is a retired United States Army general.

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Tony Blair

Sir Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007.

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Tunisia

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.

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Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

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Type 69 tank

The Type 69 and Type 79 are Chinese first generation main battle tanks.

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U.S. Central Command OPLAN 1003-98

OPLAN 1003–98 was the United States Armed Forces's pre-2002 contingency plan in event of a war with Iraq.

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U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement

The U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement (official name: Agreement Between the United States of America and the Republic of Iraq On the Withdrawal of United States Forces from Iraq and the Organization of Their Activities during Their Temporary Presence in Iraq) was a status of forces agreement (SOFA) between Iraq and the United States, signed by President George W.

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Uday Hussein

Uday Saddam Hussein (عدي صدامحسين; 18 June 1964 – 22 July 2003) was an Iraqi politician and the elder son of Saddam Hussein.

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Umm Qasr

Umm Qasr (أمقصر, also transliterated as Um-qasir, Um-qasser, Um Qasr. Kurdish:ئومقەسڕ, Ûmqêsir) is a port city in southern Iraq.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

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United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.

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United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority is a UK government research organisation responsible for the development of fusion energy.

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United Nations Environment Programme

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system.

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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country.

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United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission

The United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) was created through the adoption of United Nations Security Council resolution 1284 of 17 December 1999 and its mission lasted until June 2007.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 is a United Nations Security Council resolution adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on 8 November 2002, offering Iraq under Saddam Hussein "a final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations" that had been set out in several previous resolutions (Resolutions 660, 661, 678, 686, 687, 688, 707, 715, 986, and 1284).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483

United Nations Security Council resolution 1483, adopted on 22 May 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait, the Council lifted trade sanctions against Iraq (excluding an arms embargo) and terminated the Oil-for-Food Programme.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 687

United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 was adopted on 3 April 1991.

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United Nations Special Commission

United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) was an inspection regime created by the United Nations to ensure Iraq's compliance with policies concerning Iraqi production and use of weapons of mass destruction after the Gulf War.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Army Center of Military History

The United States Army Center of Military History (CMH) is a directorate within the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.

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United States Central Command

The United States Central Command (USCENTCOM or CENTCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the U.S. Department of Defense.

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United States Citizenship and Immigration Services

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that administers the country's naturalization and immigration system.

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United States Department of Defense

The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces.

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United States involvement in regime change

Since the 19th century, the United States government has participated and interfered, both overtly and covertly, in the replacement of many foreign governments.

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United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq

The "kill or capture" strategy is a policy adopted in 2007 by the United States in Iraq to confront suspected Iranian operatives in Iraq.

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United States Marine Corps

The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combined arms, implementing its own infantry, artillery, aerial, and special operations forces.

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United States military casualties of war

The following is a tabulation of United States military casualties of war. Iraq War and United States military casualties of war are wars involving the United States.

See Iraq War and United States military casualties of war

United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil

On January 11, 2007, the United States military raided the Iranian Liaison Office (which was in the process of becoming accredited as an officially recognized consulate) in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, ostensibly to detain two senior Iranian officials, but captured five mid-level diplomats instead. Iraq War and United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil are Iraq–United States relations.

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United States Secretary of State

The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government and the head of the Department of State.

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University of Baghdad

The University of Baghdad (UOB) (جامعة بغداد, also known as Baghdad University) is a public research university in Baghdad, Iraq.

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Urban warfare

Urban warfare is warfare in urban areas such as towns and cities.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. Iraq War and Vietnam War are Imperialism, proxy wars, wars involving Australia, wars involving New Zealand, wars involving Nicaragua, wars involving Poland, wars involving South Korea, wars involving Spain, wars involving Thailand, wars involving the Philippines and wars involving the United States.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia.

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Walter B. Slocombe

Walter Becker Slocombe (born Walter Becker Brakeman; September 23, 1941) is a former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (1994–2001) and was the Senior Advisor for Security and Defense to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Baghdad (2003).

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War in Iraq (2013–2017)

The War in Iraq (2013–2017) was an armed conflict between Iraq and its allies and the Islamic State. Iraq War and war in Iraq (2013–2017) are 2010s conflicts, 2010s in Iraq, 2010s in Iraqi Kurdistan, wars involving Iraq and wars involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

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War on terror

The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is a global counterterrorist military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks and is the most recent global conflict spanning multiple wars. Iraq War and war on terror are 2000s conflicts, 2000s in Iraq, 2010s conflicts, 2010s in Iraq, George W. Bush administration controversies, wars involving Australia, wars involving Denmark, wars involving Estonia, wars involving Iraq, wars involving Italy, wars involving Latvia, wars involving Lithuania, wars involving Norway, wars involving South Korea, wars involving Spain, wars involving Turkey, wars involving the Philippines, wars involving the United Kingdom and wars involving the United States.

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War reparations

War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other.

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Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs

The Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, soon to be renamed Watson School for International and Public Affairs, is an interdisciplinary research center at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island.

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Weapon of mass destruction

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a biological, chemical, radiological, nuclear, or any other weapon that can kill or significantly harm many people or cause great damage to artificial structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the biosphere.

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White House

The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States.

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White House Office of the Press Secretary

The White House Office of the Press Secretary, or the Press Office, is responsible for gathering and disseminating information to three principal groups: the President, the White House staff, and the media.

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White phosphorus munitions

White phosphorus munitions are weapons that use one of the common allotropes of the chemical element phosphorus.

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WikiLeaks

WikiLeaks is a non-profit media organisation and publisher of leaked documents.

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William Westmoreland

William Childs Westmoreland (26 March 1914 – 18 July 2005) was a United States Army general, most notably the commander of United States forces during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968.

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Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)

The withdrawal of the United States troops from Iraq began in December 2007 with the end of the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 and was mostly completed by December 2011, bringing an end to the Iraq War.

See Iraq War and Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)

World oil market chronology from 2003

From the mid-1980s to September 2003, the inflation adjusted price of a barrel of crude oil on NYMEX was generally under $25/barrel.

See Iraq War and World oil market chronology from 2003

World Wide Fund for Nature

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is a Swiss-based international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment.

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Yahoo! News

Yahoo! News is a news website that originated as an internet-based news aggregator by Yahoo!.

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Yazidis

Yazidis, also spelled Yezidis (translit), are a Kurdish-speaking endogamous religious group who are indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran.

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Yemen

Yemen (al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen, is a sovereign state in West Asia.

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YouGov

YouGov plc is a British international Internet-based market research and data analytics firm headquartered in the UK with operations in Europe, North America, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific.

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Zoom lens

A zoom lens is a system of camera lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to a fixed-focal-length (FFL) lens (prime lens).

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101st Airborne Division

The 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) ("Screaming Eagles") is an air assault infantry division of the United States Army that specializes in air assault operations.

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15 February 2003 anti-war protests

On 15 February 2003, a coordinated day of protests was held across the world in which people in more than 600 cities expressed opposition to the imminent Iraq War.

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15th Marine Expeditionary Unit

The 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit (15th MEU) is one of seven such units currently in existence in the United States Marine Corps.

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1920 Revolution Brigades

The 1920 Revolution Brigades was a Sunni militant group in Iraq, which included former members of the disbanded Iraqi army.

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1998 bombing of Iraq

The 1998 bombing of Iraq (code-named Operation Desert Fox) was a major four-day bombing campaign on Iraqi targets from 16 to 19 December 1998, by the United States and the United Kingdom.

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1st (United Kingdom) Division

The 1st (United Kingdom) Division is an active division of the British Army that has been formed and disestablished numerous times between 1809 and the present.

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2000 United States presidential election

The 2000 United States presidential election was the 54th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Iraq War and 2000 United States presidential election are presidency of George W. Bush.

See Iraq War and 2000 United States presidential election

2003 invasion of Iraq

The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War. Iraq War and 2003 invasion of Iraq are George W. Bush administration controversies, Iraq–United States relations, Labour Party (UK) scandals, Premiership of Tony Blair, presidency of George W. Bush, united States involvement in regime change, war on terror, wars involving Australia, wars involving Denmark, wars involving the United Kingdom and wars involving the United States.

See Iraq War and 2003 invasion of Iraq

2004 Iraq spring fighting

The 2004 Iraq spring fighting was a series of operational offensives and various major engagements during the Iraq War.

See Iraq War and 2004 Iraq spring fighting

2005 Iraqi constitutional referendum

The electorate of Iraq went to the polls on 15 October 2005 to vote in a referendum on whether or not to ratify the proposed constitution of Iraq.

See Iraq War and 2005 Iraqi constitutional referendum

2006 al-Askari mosque bombing

The 2006 al-Askari Shrine bombing occurred on 22 February 2006 at approximately 6:44 a.m. local Iraqi time, and targeted the al-Askari Shrine in the city of Samarra, Iraq.

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2007 Iraq cholera outbreak

Cholera is a disease caused by unclean drinking water that only actually affects roughly 5% of those who are exposed.

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2007 State of the Union Address

The 2007 State of the Union Address was given by the 43rd president of the United States, George W. Bush, on January 23, 2007, at 9:00 p.m. EST, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives to the 110th United States Congress. Iraq War and 2007 State of the Union Address are presidency of George W. Bush.

See Iraq War and 2007 State of the Union Address

2008 Abu Kamal raid

The 2008 Abu Kamal raid was an attack carried out by helicopter-borne CIA paramilitary officers from Special Activities Division and United States Special Operations Command, Joint Special Operations Command inside Syrian territory on October 26, 2008.

See Iraq War and 2008 Abu Kamal raid

2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq

The 2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq, code-named Operation Sun (Güneş Harekatı) by the Turkish Armed Forces, began on February 21, 2008, when the Turkish Army sent troops into northern Iraq to target the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).

See Iraq War and 2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq

25 August 2010 Iraq bombings

On 25 August 2010, a string of attacks in Iraqi cities including Al-Muqdadiya, Kut, Baghdad, Fallujah, Tikrit, Kerbala, Kirkuk, Basra, Ramadi, Dujail, Mosul and Iskandariyah targeting mostly Iraqi security forces and checkpoints left at least 53 people dead and more than 270 injured.

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25th Infantry Division (United States)

The 25th Infantry Division (nicknamed "Tropic Lightning") is a United States Army division based at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii.

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3rd Cavalry Regiment (United States)

The 3rd Cavalry Regiment, formerly 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment ("Brave Rifles") is a regiment of the United States Army currently stationed at Fort Cavazos, Texas.

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3rd Infantry Division (United States)

The 3rd Infantry Division (3ID) (nicknamed Rock of the Marne) is a combined arms division of the United States Army based at Fort Stewart, Georgia.

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4th Infantry Division (United States)

The 4th Infantry Division is a division of the United States Army based at Fort Carson, Colorado.

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502nd Infantry Regiment (United States)

The 502nd Infantry Regiment (502nd IR), previously titled the 502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment (502nd PIR), is an infantry regiment of the United States Army.

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9/11 Commission

The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, commonly known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up on November 27, 2002, to investigate all aspects of the September 11 attacks, the deadliest terrorist attack in world history. Iraq War and 9/11 Commission are George W. Bush administration controversies.

See Iraq War and 9/11 Commission

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War

Also known as 2003 conflict in Iraq, 2003-2011 iraq war, 2nd Gulf War, Aftermath of the Iraq War, Battle for iraq, Battle of Iraq, Economic cost of the Iraq War, Economic costs of the Iraq War, First Iraq War, Foreign involvement in the Iraq War, Gulf War 2, Gulf War II, Invasion and Occupation of Iraq, Irak War, Iraq 2003, Iraq War (2003), Iraq War (2003-2011), Iraq War (2003–11), Iraq War 2003, Iraq War Veteran, Iraq liberation, Iraqi Freedom, Iraqi War, No War For Oil, Oif soldier, Operation Iraq Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom 3, Operation Iraqi Freedom I, Operation Iraqi Freedom II, Operation Iraqi Freedom III, Operation Iraqi Freedom VI, Operation Iraqi Freedom soldier, Operation New Dawn (Iraq, 2010-2011), Operation: Iraqi Freedom, Persian Gulf War II, Second Iraq War, The Iraq War, The war in iraq, The war on iraq, Third Gulf War, Third Persian Gulf War, WAR IN IRAQ, War crimes during the Iraq War, War crimes in the Iraq War, War of Iraq, War on Iraq.

, Barack Obama, Basra, Basra Governorate, Battle of Abu Ghraib, Battle of Basra (2008), Battle of Huế, Battle of Nasiriyah, Battle of the Karbala Gap (2003), Battle of the Palm Grove, BBC, BBC News, BBC World Service, Belgium, Bill Clinton, Bill Nelson, Biological agent, Blackwater (company), Bob Woodward, Boycott, British Army, British involvement in the Iraq War, British parliamentary approval for the invasion of Iraq, Brookings Institution, Brown University, Bush Doctrine, Canada, Capture of Saddam Hussein, Caretaker government, Casualties of the Iraq War, Center for Public Integrity, Central Intelligence Agency, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Chancellor of Germany, Charter of the United Nations, Chemical weapon, Christianity in Iraq, Christopher Hitchens, CNN, Coalition of the Gulf War, Coalition of the willing (Iraq War), Coalition Provisional Authority, Coalition Provisional Authority Order 1, Colin Powell, Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve, Congressional Budget Office, Constitution of Iraq, Containment, Corn Laws, Council of Representatives of Iraq, Council on Foreign Relations, Counterterrorism, Crimes against humanity, Criticism of the Iraq War, Criticism of United States foreign policy, Curveball (informant), Dangerous goods, Danish Realm, David Petraeus, De-Ba'athification, Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush, Death squad, December 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election, Defense Manpower Data Center, Democratic Party (United States), Depleted uranium, Der Spiegel, Dereliction of duty in American law, Detention (imprisonment), Development Fund for Iraq, Dick Cheney, Division (military), Diyala Governorate, Dominique de Villepin, Dominique Reynié, Domino effect, Donald Rumsfeld, Donald Trump, Effigy, Egypt, El País, Electrocution, Epic of Gilgamesh, Erbil, Eric Shinseki, Ethnic cleansing, Euphrates, Eurest Support Services, European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, Execution of Saddam Hussein, Explosively formed penetrator, Ezzedine Salim, Fabrizio Quattrocchi, Fallujah, Fallujah, The Hidden Massacre, Fedayeen, Fedayeen Saddam, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal government of Iraq, Federal Intelligence Service, Fern Holland, Financial cost of the Iraq War, Firdos Square, Firdos Square statue destruction, First Battle of Fallujah, Flight deck, Foreign Affairs, Foreign hostages in Iraq, Foreign interventions by the United States, Foreign policy of the United States, Fox News, France, Gallup, Inc., General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, George W. Bush, George W. Casey Jr., Gerhard Schröder, Germany, Gordon Brown, Government Accountability Office, Green Zone, GROM Military Unit, Guerrilla warfare, Gulf War, Haditha, Haditha massacre, Haider al-Abadi, Hamas of Iraq, Hans Blix, Harvard Kennedy School, Hillah, House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Human Rights Watch, Ideology, Improvised explosive device, India, Indonesia, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Business Times, International Criminal Court, International Institute for Strategic Studies, International sanctions against Iraq, Invasion, Iran, Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Iraq, Iraq and weapons of mass destruction, Iraq Body Count project, Iraq Family Health Survey, Iraq Inquiry, Iraq Liberation Act, Iraq Museum, Iraq prison abuse scandals, Iraq Study Group Report, Iraq Survey Group, Iraq War documents leak, Iraq War troop surge of 2007, Iraq–United States relations, Iraqi Armed Forces, Iraqi civil war (2006–2008), Iraqi conflict, Iraqi Governing Council, Iraqi Ground Forces, Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011), Iraqi Interim Government, Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraqi National Congress, Iraqi no-fly zones conflict, Iraqi Police, Iraqi security forces, Iraqi Transitional Government, Islamic Army in Iraq, Islamic State, Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present), Islamic State of Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna, James Baker, January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election, Japan, Jay Garner, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Jim Jeffords, Jim Mattis, Jim Webb, Joe Biden, John Denham (politician), Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Special Operations Command, Joint Special Operations Command Task Force in the Iraq War, Jordan, Joschka Fischer, Journal of Strategic Studies, Juba (sniper), Judiciary, Karbala, Karbala provincial headquarters raid, Khor Al Amaya Oil Terminal, Kidnapping and killing of Margaret Hassan, Kidnapping and murder of Kenneth Bigley, Killing of Baha Mousa, Killing of Nick Berg, Kim Sun-il, Kirkuk, Kofi Annan, Kurdistan Free Life Party, Kurdistan Region, Kurdistan Workers' Party, Kurds, Kurds in Iraq, Kut, Kuwait, Labour Party (UK), Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties, Laser-guided bomb, Law of war, Leader of the House of Commons, Lebanon, Lee Hamilton, Legality of the Iraq War, Legislature, Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Libya, Lincoln Chafee, List of anti-war organizations, List of Iraqi security forces fatality reports in Iraq, List of members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq, 2005–2010, List of wars by death toll, Lloyd Austin, London Review of Books, Looting, M16 rifle, M4 carbine, Mahdi Army, Mahmudiyah rape and killings, Main battle tank, Malnutrition, Manchester, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, Marine Security Guard, McClatchy, Medicine, Conflict and Survival, MI6, Michael Walzer, Military transition team, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Ministry of Defence (Iraq), Ministry of Health (Iraq), Ministry of Interior (Iraq), Ministry of Oil (Iraq), Mission Accomplished speech, Mock execution, Mohamed ElBaradei, Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani, Moral panic, Morocco, Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards, Mosul, Mount Judi, MSNBC, Mujahideen, Mujahideen Army (Iraq), Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre, Multi-National Force – Iraq, Munich Security Conference, Muqtada al-Sadr, Murder of Du'a Khalil Aswad, Muslim world, Najaf, Nasiriyah Airport, National Guard (Iraq), National Intelligence Council, National Intelligence Estimate, National Network to End the War Against Iraq, NATO, NDTV, Nelson Mandela, Netherlands, News agency, Nisour Square massacre, North Carolina, Nouri al-Maliki, Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011), Office of Special Plans, Oil reserves in Iraq, Oil spill, Oil-for-Food Programme, Operation Sinbad, Operation Viking Hammer, Opposition to the Iraq War, ORB survey of Iraq War casualties, Osama bin Laden, Pakistan, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Paul Berman, Paul Wolfowitz, Peshmerga, Petroleum industry in Iraq, Petroleum reservoir, Philip Hunt, Baron Hunt of Kings Heath, Philippe Sands, Phosphoric acid, Poland, Polish involvement in the Iraq War, Polish Navy, Politico, Pope John Paul II, Preemptive war, Premiership of Tony Blair, Presidency of George W. Bush, President of the United States, Prime Minister of Iraq, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prisoner abuse, Prisoner of war, Private military company, Provisional government, Public image of George W. Bush, Public opinion in the United States on the invasion of Iraq, Public Papers of the Presidents, Qahtaniyah bombings, Quds Force, Qusay Hussein, Ramadan, Ramadan Offensive (2003), Ramadi, RAND Corporation, Raqqa, Rationale for the Iraq War, Raymond T. Odierno, Republican Guard (Iraq), Republican Party (United States), Ricardo Sanchez, Robert Gates, Robert Hutchings, Robin Cook, Rocket-propelled grenade, Rohan Gunaratna, Routledge, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Navy, Russia, Russo-Ukrainian War, Ryan Crocker, Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations, Sadr City, Saladin Governorate, San Diego, Saudi Arabia, Saudis, Sawa Lake, SciTech (magazine), Scott Helvenston, Second Battle of Fallujah, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Sectarian violence, Sectarianism, Seif Adnan Kanaan, September 11 attacks, Sergey Lavrov, Sexual assault, Seymour Hersh, Shia Islam, Shia Islam in Iraq, Shock and awe, Shosei Koda, Simon & Schuster, Sons of Iraq, Spain, Special Activities Center, Special forces, Special Groups (Iraq), Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction, Special Republican Guard (Iraq), State of emergency, State of the Union, Sudan, Suicide attack, Sunni Islam, Sunni Triangle, Syria, Tal Afar, Targeted killing, Tariq al-Hashimi, Task Force 121, Task Force Tripoli, Telegram & Gazette, The Age, The American Spectator, The Australian, The Guardian, The Independent, The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs, The Jerusalem Post, The Lancet, The Nation, The New England Journal of Medicine, The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Pentagon, The Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, Thomas E. Ricks (journalist), Tigris, Tikrit, Til Ezer, Time (magazine), Tommy Franks, Tony Blair, Tunisia, Turkey, Type 69 tank, U.S. Central Command OPLAN 1003-98, U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement, Uday Hussein, Umm Qasr, UNESCO, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483, United Nations Security Council Resolution 687, United Nations Special Commission, United States, United States Army, United States Army Center of Military History, United States Central Command, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, United States Department of Defense, United States involvement in regime change, United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq, United States Marine Corps, United States military casualties of war, United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil, United States Secretary of State, University of Baghdad, Urban warfare, Vietnam War, Vladimir Putin, Walter B. Slocombe, War in Iraq (2013–2017), War on terror, War reparations, Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, Weapon of mass destruction, White House, White House Office of the Press Secretary, White phosphorus munitions, WikiLeaks, William Westmoreland, Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011), World oil market chronology from 2003, World Wide Fund for Nature, Yahoo! News, Yazidis, Yemen, YouGov, Zoom lens, 101st Airborne Division, 15 February 2003 anti-war protests, 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit, 1920 Revolution Brigades, 1998 bombing of Iraq, 1st (United Kingdom) Division, 2000 United States presidential election, 2003 invasion of Iraq, 2004 Iraq spring fighting, 2005 Iraqi constitutional referendum, 2006 al-Askari mosque bombing, 2007 Iraq cholera outbreak, 2007 State of the Union Address, 2008 Abu Kamal raid, 2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq, 25 August 2010 Iraq bombings, 25th Infantry Division (United States), 3rd Cavalry Regiment (United States), 3rd Infantry Division (United States), 4th Infantry Division (United States), 502nd Infantry Regiment (United States), 9/11 Commission.

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