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880 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, ABC News (United States), Abrahamic religions, Academic Ranking of World Universities, Academy Award for Best International Feature Film, Academy Awards, Acre, Israel, Adolf Eichmann, Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Adversarial system, Aelia Capitolina, African Plate, Agence France-Presse, Agranat Commission, Agricultural research in Israel, Agriculture in Israel, Alexander the Great, Aliyah, Aliyah Bet, Aliyah from Ethiopia, All-time Paralympic Games medal table, Amharic, Amnesty International, Amos Oz, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome, Annunciation, Anti-ballistic missile, Anti-tank guided missile, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Anu – Museum of the Jewish People, Anwar Sadat, Arab Christians, Arab citizens of Israel, Arab cuisine, Arab League, Arabah, Arab–Israeli conflict, Arabian Desert, Arabian Plate, Arabization, Arabs, Arava Power Company, Archaeology, Archaeology of Israel, Architecture of Israel, Ariel (Israeli settlement), Ariel Sharon, Arms industry, Arrow (missile family), ... Expand index (830 more) »
- Countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
- Eastern Mediterranean
- Jewish polities
- Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- Middle Eastern countries
- Political entities in the Land of Israel
- States and territories established in 1948
- States with limited recognition
- West Asian countries
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Israel and Abbasid Caliphate
ABC News (United States)
ABC News is the news division of the American television network ABC.
See Israel and ABC News (United States)
Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a grouping of three of the major religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) together due to their historical coexistence and competition; it refers to Abraham, a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the Christian Bible, and the Quran, and is used to show similarities between these religions and put them in contrast to Indian religions, Iranian religions, and the East Asian religions (though other religions and belief systems may refer to Abraham as well).
See Israel and Abrahamic religions
Academic Ranking of World Universities
The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as the Shanghai Ranking, is one of the annual publications of world university rankings.
See Israel and Academic Ranking of World Universities
Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best International Feature Film (known as Best Foreign Language Film prior to 2020) is one of the Academy Awards handed out annually by the U.S.-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).
See Israel and Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
Academy Awards
The Academy Awards of Merit, commonly known as the Oscars or Academy Awards, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the film industry.
Acre, Israel
Acre, known locally as Akko (עַכּוֹ) and Akka (عكّا), is a city in the coastal plain region of the Northern District of Israel.
Adolf Eichmann
Otto Adolf Eichmann (19 March 1906 – 1 June 1962) was a German-Austrian official of the Nazi Party, an officer of the Schutzstaffel (SS), and one of the major organisers of the Holocaust.
Adolf Hitler's rise to power
Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in the newly established Weimar Republic in September 1919 when Hitler joined the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP; German Workers' Party).
See Israel and Adolf Hitler's rise to power
Adversarial system
The adversarial system, adversary system, accusatorial system or accusatory system is a legal system used in the common law countries where two advocates represent their parties' case or position before an impartial person or group of people, usually a judge or jury, who attempt to determine the truth and pass judgment accordingly.
See Israel and Adversarial system
Aelia Capitolina
Aelia Capitolina (full name in Colonia Aelia Capitolina) was a Roman colony founded during Emperor Hadrian's visit to Judaea in 129/130 AD, centered around Jerusalem, which had been almost totally razed after the siege of 70 AD.
See Israel and Aelia Capitolina
African Plate
The African Plate, also known as the Nubian Plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes much of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south.
Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a French international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.
See Israel and Agence France-Presse
Agranat Commission
The Agranat Commission (Hebrew: ועדת אגרנט) was a National Commission of Inquiry set up to investigate failings in the Israel Defense Forces in the prelude to the Yom Kippur War when Israel was found unprepared for the Egyptian attack against the Bar Lev Line and a simultaneous attack by Syria in the Golan—the first phase in a war in which 2,812 Israeli soldiers were killed.
See Israel and Agranat Commission
Agricultural research in Israel
Agricultural research in Israel is based on close cooperation and interaction between scientists, consultants, farmers and agriculture-related industries.
See Israel and Agricultural research in Israel
Agriculture in Israel
Agriculture in Israel is a highly developed industry.
See Israel and Agriculture in Israel
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
See Israel and Alexander the Great
Aliyah
Aliyah (עֲלִיָּה ʿălīyyā) is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographical Land of Israel or the Palestine region, which is today chiefly represented by the State of Israel.
Aliyah Bet
Aliyah Bet (עלייה ב', "Aliyah 'B'" – bet being the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet) was the code name given to illegal immigration by Jews, many of whom were refugees escaping from Nazi Germany or other Nazi-controlled countries, and later Holocaust survivors, to Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and 1948, in violation of the restrictions laid out in the British White Paper of 1939, which dramatically increased between 1939 and 1948.
Aliyah from Ethiopia
Aliyah from Ethiopia is the immigration of the Beta Israel people to Israel.
See Israel and Aliyah from Ethiopia
All-time Paralympic Games medal table
An all-time medal table for all Paralympic Games from 1960 to 2022.
See Israel and All-time Paralympic Games medal table
Amharic
Amharic (or; Amarəñña) is an Ethiopian Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages.
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.
See Israel and Amnesty International
Amos Oz
Amos Oz (עמוס עוז; born Amos Klausner; 4 May 1939 – 28 December 2018) was an Israeli writer, novelist, journalist, and intellectual.
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Annunciation
The Annunciation (from the Latin annuntiatio; also referred to as the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Annunciation of Our Lady, or the Annunciation of the Lord; Ο Ευαγγελισμός της Θεοτόκου) is, according to the Gospel of Luke, the announcement made by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive and bear a son through a virgin birth and become the mother of Jesus Christ, the Christian Messiah and Son of God, marking the Incarnation.
Anti-ballistic missile
An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to counter ballistic missiles (missile defense).
See Israel and Anti-ballistic missile
Anti-tank guided missile
An anti-tank guided missile (ATGM), anti-tank missile, anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles.
See Israel and Anti-tank guided missile
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Antiochus IV Epiphanes (– November/December 164 BC) was a Greek Hellenistic king who ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC.
See Israel and Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Anu – Museum of the Jewish People
Anu – Museum of the Jewish People (stylized ANU), formerly the Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora, is located in Tel Aviv, Israel, at the center of the Tel Aviv University campus in Ramat Aviv.
See Israel and Anu – Museum of the Jewish People
Anwar Sadat
Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.
Arab Christians
Arab Christians (translit) are ethnic Arabs, Arab nationals, or Arabic speakers, who follow Christianity.
See Israel and Arab Christians
Arab citizens of Israel
The Arab citizens of Israel (Arab Israelis or Israeli Arabs) are the country's largest ethnic minority.
See Israel and Arab citizens of Israel
Arab cuisine
Arab cuisine is the cuisine of the Arab world, defined as the various regional cuisines of the Arab people, spanning from the Maghreb to the Mashriq.
Arab League
The Arab League (الجامعة العربية), formally the League of Arab States (جامعة الدول العربية), is a regional organization in the Arab world.
Arabah
The Arabah/Araba (Wādī ʿAraba) or Aravah/Arava (dry area) is a loosely defined geographic area in the Negev Desert, south of the Dead Sea basin, which forms part of the border between Israel to the west and Jordan to the east.
Arab–Israeli conflict
The Arab–Israeli conflict is the phenomenon involving political tension, military conflicts, and other disputes between various Arab countries and Israel, which escalated during the 20th century.
See Israel and Arab–Israeli conflict
Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert (ٱلصَّحْرَاء ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة) is a vast desert wilderness in West Asia that occupies almost the entire Arabian Peninsula with an area of.
Arabian Plate
The Arabian Plate is a minor tectonic plate in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres.
Arabization
Arabization or Arabicization (translit) is a sociological process of cultural change in which a non-Arab society becomes Arab, meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the Arabic language, culture, literature, art, music, and ethnic identity as well as other socio-cultural factors.
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
See Israel and Arabs
Arava Power Company
Arava Power Company (APC) Arava Power is a utility-scale renewables Developer-IPP that pioneered Israeli utility-scale PV market.
See Israel and Arava Power Company
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
Archaeology of Israel
The archaeology of Israel is the study of the archaeology of the present-day Israel, stretching from prehistory through three millennia of documented history.
See Israel and Archaeology of Israel
Architecture of Israel
The architecture of Israel has been influenced by the different architectural styles of those who have inhabited the country over time, sometimes modified to suit the local climate and landscape.
See Israel and Architecture of Israel
Ariel (Israeli settlement)
Ariel (אֲרִיאֵל; اريئيل) is an Israeli settlement organized as a city council in the central West Bank, part of the Israeli-occupied territories, approximately east of the Green Line and west of the Jordan border.
See Israel and Ariel (Israeli settlement)
Ariel Sharon
Ariel Sharon (אֲרִיאֵל שָׁרוֹן; also known by his diminutive Arik, אָרִיק; 26 February 192811 January 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th prime minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006.
Arms industry
The arms industry, also known as the defence (or defense) industry, military industry, or the arms trade, is a global industry which manufactures and sells weapons and military technology.
Arrow (missile family)
The Arrow or Hetz (חֵץ) is a family of anti-ballistic missiles designed to fulfill an Israeli requirement for a missile defense system that would be more effective against ballistic missiles than the MIM-104 Patriot surface-to-air missile.
See Israel and Arrow (missile family)
Art of Europe
The art of Europe, also known as Western art, encompasses the history of visual art in Europe.
Arthur Creech Jones
Arthur Creech Jones (15 May 1891 – 23 October 1964) was a British trade union official and politician.
See Israel and Arthur Creech Jones
Ashdod
Ashdod (ʾašdōḏ,; ʾasdūd,, or label; Philistine:, romanized: *ʾašdūd) is the sixth-largest city in Israel.
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews (translit,; Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, constitute a Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally spoke Yiddish and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution.
Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
The assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, the fifth prime minister of Israel, took place on 4 November 1995 (12 Marcheshvan 5756 on the Hebrew calendar) at 21:30, at the end of a rally in support of the Oslo Accords at the Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv. The assailant was Yigal Amir, an Israeli law student and ultranationalist who radically opposed prime minister Yitzhak Rabin's peace initiative, particularly the signing of the Oslo Accords.
See Israel and Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
See Israel and Associated Press
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Israel and Association football
Atlit detainee camp
The Atlit detainee camp was a concentration camp established by the authorities of Mandatory Palestine in the late 1930s on what is now the Israeli coastal plain, south of Haifa.
See Israel and Atlit detainee camp
Austerity in Israel
Austerity in Israel was the policy of austerity imposed in the State of Israel from 1949 to 1959.
See Israel and Austerity in Israel
Australian Financial Review
The Australian Financial Review (AFR) is an Australian business-focused, compact daily newspaper covering the current business and economic affairs of Australia and the world.
See Israel and Australian Financial Review
Ayyubid dynasty
The Ayyubid dynasty (الأيوبيون; Eyûbiyan), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.
See Israel and Ayyubid dynasty
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and West Asia. Israel and Azerbaijan are countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations, Republics and west Asian countries.
Azerbaijan–Israel relations
Azerbaijan and Israel began diplomatic relations in 1992 following Azerbaijan's independence from the Soviet Union.
See Israel and Azerbaijan–Israel relations
Babylonian captivity
The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile was the period in Jewish history during which a large number of Judeans from the ancient Kingdom of Judah were forcibly relocated to Babylonia by the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
See Israel and Babylonian captivity
Bagrut certificate
Te'udat Bagrut (lit. "graduation certificate", Arabic: شهادة بجروت) is a certificate that attests that a student has successfully passed Israel's high school matriculation examination.
See Israel and Bagrut certificate
Baháʼí Faith
The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the essential worth of all religions and the unity of all people.
Baháʼí World Centre buildings
The Baháʼí World Centre buildings are buildings that are part of the Baháʼí World Centre in Israel.
See Israel and Baháʼí World Centre buildings
Balfour Declaration
The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued by the British Government in 1917 during the First World War announcing its support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, then an Ottoman region with a small minority Jewish population.
See Israel and Balfour Declaration
Bank of Israel
The Bank of Israel (בנק ישראל, بنك إسرائيل) is the central bank of Israel.
Bar Kokhba revolt
The Bar Kokhba revolt (מֶרֶד בַּר כּוֹכְבָא) was a large-scale armed rebellion initiated by the Jews of Judea, led by Simon bar Kokhba, against the Roman Empire in 132 CE.
See Israel and Bar Kokhba revolt
Bar-Giora (organization)
Bar-Giora (בר גיורא) was a Jewish militia of the Second Aliyah, the precursor of Hashomer.
See Israel and Bar-Giora (organization)
Bar-Ilan University
Bar-Ilan University (BIU, אוניברסיטת בר-אילן, Universitat Bar-Ilan) is a public research university in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel.
See Israel and Bar-Ilan University
Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty
Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty is a Basic Law in the State of Israel, enacted to protect the country's main human rights.
See Israel and Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a basket in diameter mounted high to a backboard at each end of the court), while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
Bauhaus
The Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known as the, was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts.
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
BBC News Online
BBC News Online is the website of BBC News, the division of the BBC responsible for newsgathering and production.
See Israel and BBC News Online
Beersheba
Beersheba, officially Be'er-Sheva (usually spelled Beer Sheva; Bəʾēr Ševaʿ,; Biʾr as-Sabʿ), is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel.
Beersheba metropolitan area
Beersheba metropolitan area (מטרופולין באר שבע) is a metropolitan area in Israel that encompasses the Beersheba and Southern Districts of Israel.
See Israel and Beersheba metropolitan area
Beitar Jerusalem F.C.
Beitar Jerusalem Football Club (Moadon Kaduregel Beitar Yerushalayim), commonly known as Beitar Jerusalem (Beitar Yerushalayim) or simply Beitar (בית"ר), is an Israeli professional football club based in the city of Jerusalem, that plays in the Israeli Premier League, the top tier in Israeli football.
See Israel and Beitar Jerusalem F.C.
Ben Gurion Airport
Ben Gurion International Airport, commonly known by the Hebrew-language acronym (נתב״ג|rtl.
See Israel and Ben Gurion Airport
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) (אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב, Universitat Ben-Guriyon baNegev) is a public research university in Beersheba, Israel.
See Israel and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Benjamin Netanyahu
Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician, serving as the prime minister of Israel since 2022, having previously held the office in 1996–1999 and 2009–2021.
See Israel and Benjamin Netanyahu
Benny Morris
Benny Morris (בני מוריס; born 8 December 1948) is an Israeli historian.
Beta Israel
The Beta Israel, or Ethiopian Jews, are an African community of the Jewish diaspora.
Beth din
A beth din (house of judgment,, Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism.
Better Place (company)
Better Place was a venture-backed international company that developed and sold battery charging and battery switching services for electric cars.
See Israel and Better Place (company)
Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design
Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design (בצלאל, אקדמיה לאמנות ועיצוב) is a public college of design and art located in Jerusalem.
See Israel and Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design
Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew (rtl ʿīḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ or rtl ləšôn ham-miqrāʾ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea.
See Israel and Biblical Hebrew
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001.
Blockade of the Gaza Strip
A blockade has been imposed on the movement of goods and people in and out of the Gaza Strip since Hamas's takeover in 2007, led by Israel and supported by Egypt.
See Israel and Blockade of the Gaza Strip
Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
Bnei Brak
Bnei Brak or Bene Beraq (בְּנֵי בְּרַק) is a city located on the central Mediterranean coastal plain in Israel, just east of Tel Aviv.
Borders of Israel
The modern borders of Israel exist as the result both of past wars and of diplomatic agreements between the State of Israel and its neighbours, as well as an effect of the agreements among colonial powers ruling in the region before Israel's creation.
See Israel and Borders of Israel
Boston College
Boston College (BC) is a private Jesuit research university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Israel and Byzantine Empire
Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 was the final and most devastating of the series of wars fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Sasanian Empire.
See Israel and Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
Cabinet of Israel
The Cabinet of Israel (translit) exercises executive authority in the State of Israel.
See Israel and Cabinet of Israel
Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Israel and Cambridge University Press
Cameri Theatre
The Cameri Theatre (התיאטרון הקאמרי, HaTeatron HaKameri), established in 1944 in Tel Aviv, is one of the leading theatres in Israel, and is housed at the Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center.
Camp David Accords
The Camp David Accords were a pair of political agreements signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the country retreat of the President of the United States in Maryland.
See Israel and Camp David Accords
Canaan
Canaan (Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 –; כְּנַעַן –, in pausa כְּנָעַן –; Χανααν –;The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes.
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television.
See Israel and Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
Casus belli
A casus belli is an act or an event that either provokes or is used to justify a war.
Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
During the 1948 Palestine war in which the State of Israel was established, around 700,000The exact number of refugees is disputed.
See Israel and Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
Cave of the Patriarchs
The Cave of the Patriarchs or Tomb of the Patriarchs, known to Jews by its Biblical name Cave of Machpelah (Məʿāraṯ ha-Mmaḵpēlāh|Cave of the Double) and to Muslims as the Sanctuary of Abraham (al-Ḥaram al-Ibrāhīmī), is a series of caves situated south of Jerusalem in the heart of the Old City of Hebron in the West Bank.
See Israel and Cave of the Patriarchs
CBS News
CBS News is the news division of the American television and radio broadcaster CBS.
Central District (Israel)
The Central District (מְחוֹז הַמֶּרְכָּז, Meḥoz haMerkaz; المنطقة الوسطى) of Israel is one of six administrative districts, including most of the Sharon region.
See Israel and Central District (Israel)
Chaïm Soutine
Chaïm Soutine (Khaim Solomonovich Sutin; Chaim Sutin; 13 January 1893 – August 1943) was a French painter of Belarusian-Jewish origin of the School of Paris, who made a major contribution to the Expressionist movement while living and working in Paris.
Chaim Weizmann
Chaim Azriel Weizmann 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Russian-born biochemist, Zionist leader and Israeli statesman who served as president of the Zionist Organization and later as the first president of Israel. He was elected on 16 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952. Weizmann was instrumental in obtaining the Balfour Declaration of 1917 and convincing the United States government to recognize the newly formed State of Israel in 1948.
Channel 9 (Israel)
Channel 9 (p) is a television station in Israel, formerly known as Israel Plus (Израиль Плюс).
See Israel and Channel 9 (Israel)
Charging station
A charging station, also known as a charge point, chargepoint, or electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), is a power supply device that supplies electrical power for recharging plug-in electric vehicles (including battery electric vehicles, electric trucks, electric buses, neighborhood electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid vehicles).
See Israel and Charging station
Chess
Chess is a board game for two players.
See Israel and Chess
Chief of the General Staff (Israel)
The Chief of the General Staff, also known as the Commander-in-Chief of the Israel Defense Forces (abbreviated Ramatkal—), is the professional head of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
See Israel and Chief of the General Staff (Israel)
Chief Rabbinate of Israel
The Chief Rabbinate of Israel (הָרַבָּנוּת הָרָאשִׁית לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, Ha-Rabbanut Ha-Rashit Li-Yisra'el) is recognized by law as the supreme rabbinic authority for Judaism in Israel.
See Israel and Chief Rabbinate of Israel
Christianity in Israel
Christianity (Natsrút; al-Masīḥiyya) is the third largest religion in Israel, after Judaism and Islam.
See Israel and Christianity in Israel
Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Church of Saint George (Lod)
The Church of Saint George (كنيسة القديس جيورجوس or كنيسة مار جريس, כנסיית גאורגיוס הקדוש קוטל הדרקון., "Church of Saint George, slayer of the dragon") in the city of Lod is a Greek Orthodox church containing a sarcophagus venerated as the tomb of the fourth-century Christian martyr Saint George.
See Israel and Church of Saint George (Lod)
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, also known as the Church of the Resurrection, is a fourth-century church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.
See Israel and Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Church of the Nativity
The Church of the Nativity, or Basilica of the Nativity, is a basilica located in Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine.
See Israel and Church of the Nativity
City council (Israel)
A city council (עִירִיָּה, Iriya) is the official designation of a city within Israel's system of local government.
See Israel and City council (Israel)
City-state
A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.
Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system originating in Italy and France that has been adopted in large parts of the world.
See Israel and Civil law (legal system)
Client state
In the field of international relations, a client state, is a state that is economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state.
CNN International
Cable News Network International or CNN International (CNNi, simply branded on-air as CNN) is an international television channel and website, owned by CNN Worldwide.
See Israel and CNN International
Coastal Road massacre
The Coastal Road massacre occurred on 11 March 1978, when Palestinian militants hijacked a bus on the Coastal Highway of Israel and murdered its occupants; 38 Israeli civilians, including 13 children, were killed as a result of the attack while 76 more were wounded.
See Israel and Coastal Road massacre
Coele-Syria
Coele-Syria (Κοίλη Συρία, Koílē Syría, 'Hollow Syria') was a region of Syria in classical antiquity.
Colonia (Roman)
A Roman colonia (coloniae) was originally a settlement of Roman citizens, establishing a Roman outpost in federated or conquered territory, for the purpose of securing it.
See Israel and Colonia (Roman)
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
Conscription in Israel
Since the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948, fixed-term military service has been compulsory in Israel.
See Israel and Conscription in Israel
Constantine the Great
Constantine I (27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity.
See Israel and Constantine the Great
Cook Islands
The Cook Islands (Rarotongan: Kūki ‘Airani; Kūki Airani) is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. Israel and Cook Islands are states with limited recognition.
Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories
The Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT; מתאם פעולות הממשלה בשטחים) is a unit in the Israeli Ministry of Defense that tasked with overseeing civilian policy in the West Bank, as well as facilitating logistical coordination between Israel and the Gaza Strip.
See Israel and Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories
Couscous
Couscous is a traditional North African dish of small steamed granules of rolled semolina that is often served with a stew spooned on top.
Credit Suisse
Credit Suisse Group AG is a global investment bank and financial services firm founded and based in Switzerland as a standalone firm but now a subsidiary of UBS.
Crime of apartheid
The crime of apartheid is defined by the 2002 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as inhumane acts of a character similar to other crimes against humanity "committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime".
See Israel and Crime of apartheid
Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity are certain serious crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians.
See Israel and Crimes against humanity
Crusader states
The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291.
See Israel and Crusader states
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.
Culture of Israel
The culture of Israel is closely associated with Jewish culture and rooted in the Jewish history of the diaspora and Zionist movement.
See Israel and Culture of Israel
Culture of Palestine
The culture of Palestinians is influenced by the many diverse cultures and religions which have existed in the historical region of Palestine and the state of Palestine.
See Israel and Culture of Palestine
Cyprus
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Israel and Cyprus are countries in Asia, eastern Mediterranean, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries, Republics and west Asian countries.
Cyprus internment camps
The Cyprus internment camps were camps maintained in Cyprus by the British government for the internment of Jews who had immigrated or attempted to immigrate to Mandatory Palestine in violation of British policy.
See Israel and Cyprus internment camps
Cyprus–Greece relations
Cyprus–Greece relations are the bilateral relations between Cyprus and Greece.
See Israel and Cyprus–Greece relations
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus II of Persia (𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
See Israel and Cyrus the Great
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Israel and Czech Republic are member states of the United Nations and Republics.
David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion (דָּוִד בֶּן־גּוּרִיּוֹן; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel as well as its first prime minister.
See Israel and David Ben-Gurion
David Grossman
David Grossman (דויד גרוסמן; born January 25, 1954) is an Israeli author.
Dead Sea
The Dead Sea (al-Baḥr al-Mayyit, or label; Yām hamMelaḥ), also known by other names, is a landlocked salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Israel to the west.
Dead Sea Scrolls
The Dead Sea Scrolls, also called the Qumran Caves Scrolls, are a set of ancient Jewish manuscripts from the Second Temple period.
See Israel and Dead Sea Scrolls
Dead Sea Transform
The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system, also sometimes referred to as the Dead Sea Rift, is a series of faults that run for about 1,000 km from the Maras Triple Junction (a junction with the East Anatolian Fault in southeastern Turkey) to the northern end of the Red Sea Rift (just offshore of the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula).
See Israel and Dead Sea Transform
Demographic history of Palestine (region)
The population of the region of Palestine, which approximately corresponds to modern Israel and the Palestinian territories, has varied in both size and ethnic composition throughout the history of Palestine.
See Israel and Demographic history of Palestine (region)
Demographics of Israel
The demographics of Israel, monitored by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, encompass various attributes that define the nation's populace.
See Israel and Demographics of Israel
Demographics of the State of Palestine
Demographic features of the population of the area commonly described as the Palestinian territories includes information on ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of that population.
See Israel and Demographics of the State of Palestine
Desalination
Desalination is a process that removes mineral components from saline water.
Desert climate
The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification BWh and BWk) is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation.
Dhimmi
(ذمي,, collectively أهل الذمة / "the people of the covenant") or (معاهد) is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection.
Diamond industry in Israel
The Diamond industry of Israel is an important world player in producing cut diamonds for wholesale.
See Israel and Diamond industry in Israel
Digital art
Digital art refers to any artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process.
District court
District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations, some call them "small case court" usually as the lowest level of the hierarchy.
Districts of Israel
There are six main administrative districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as (מְחוֹזוֹת; sing. מָחוֹז) and in Arabic as.
See Israel and Districts of Israel
Dolphin-class submarine
The Dolphin class (הצוללות מסדרת דולפין) is a diesel-electric submarine developed in Israel and constructed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) in Kiel, Germany, for the Israeli Navy's Shayetet 7 flotilla.
See Israel and Dolphin-class submarine
Drip irrigation
Drip irrigation or trickle irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface.
See Israel and Drip irrigation
Druze
The Druze (دَرْزِيّ, or دُرْزِيّ, rtl), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul.
See Israel and Druze
Early Christianity
Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the historical era of the Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325.
See Israel and Early Christianity
Early modern human
Early modern human (EMH), or anatomically modern human (AMH), are terms used to distinguish Homo sapiens (the only extant Hominina species) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans, from extinct archaic human species.
See Israel and Early modern human
Ease of doing business index
The ease of doing business index was an index created jointly by Simeon Djankov, Michael Klein, and Caralee McLiesh, three leading economists at the World Bank Group, following the release of World Development Report 2002.
See Israel and Ease of doing business index
East Jerusalem
East Jerusalem (al-Quds ash-Sharqiya) is the portion of Jerusalem that was held by Jordan after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, as opposed to West Jerusalem, which was held by Israel.
Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea, often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea.
See Israel and Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests
The Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-forests, also known as the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-forests, is an ecoregion in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Israel and eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests are eastern Mediterranean.
See Israel and Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests
Eber
Eber (ʿĒḇer; Éber; ʿĀbir) is an ancestor of the Ishmaelites and the Israelites according to the Generations of Noah in the Book of Genesis and the Books of Chronicles.
See Israel and Eber
Ebla
Ebla (Sumerian: eb₂-la, إبلا., modern: تل مرديخ, Tell Mardikh) was one of the earliest kingdoms in Syria.
See Israel and Ebla
Eclecticism in architecture
Eclecticism is a 19th and 20th century architectural style in which a single piece of work incorporates a mixture of elements from previous historical styles to create something that is new and original.
See Israel and Eclecticism in architecture
Economy of Israel
The economy of Israel is a highly developed free-market economy.
See Israel and Economy of Israel
Egged (company)
Egged Transportation Ltd (אֶגֶד) is the largest transit bus company in Israel.
See Israel and Egged (company)
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. Israel and Egypt are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, eastern Mediterranean, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries and west Asian countries.
See Israel and Egypt
Egypt–Israel peace treaty
The Egypt–Israel peace treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., United States, on 26 March 1979, following the 1978 Camp David Accords.
See Israel and Egypt–Israel peace treaty
Ehud Barak
Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק; born Ehud Brog; 12 February 1942) is an Israeli former general and politician who served as the tenth prime minister from 1999 to 2001.
Eichmann trial
The Eichmann trial was the 1961 trial in Israel of major Holocaust perpetrator Adolf Eichmann who was captured in Argentina by Israeli agents and brought to Israel to stand trial.
Eilat
Eilat (אֵילַת; Īlāt) is Israel's southernmost city, with a population of, a busy port and popular resort at the northern tip of the Red Sea, on what is known in Israel as the Gulf of Eilat and in Jordan as the Gulf of Aqaba.
See Israel and Eilat
El (deity)
(also Il, 𐎛𐎍 ʾīlu; 𐤀𐤋 ʾīl; אֵל ʾēl; ܐܺܝܠ ʾīyl; إل or إله; cognate to ilu) is a Northwest Semitic word meaning 'god' or 'deity', or referring (as a proper name) to any one of multiple major ancient Near Eastern deities.
Elections in Israel
Elections in Israel are based on nationwide proportional representation.
See Israel and Elections in Israel
Electric vehicle charging network
An electric vehicle charging network is an infrastructure system of charging stations to recharge electric vehicles.
See Israel and Electric vehicle charging network
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Israel and English language
English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures.
Entebbe raid
The Entebbe raid or Operation Entebbe, officially codenamed Operation Thunderbolt (retroactively codenamed Operation Yonatan), was a 1976 Israeli counter-terrorist mission in Uganda.
Erich Mendelsohn
Erich Mendelsohn; 21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) was a German-British architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinemas. Mendelsohn was a pioneer of the Art Deco and Streamline Moderne architecture, notably with his 1921 Mossehaus design.
See Israel and Erich Mendelsohn
Etgar Keret
Etgar Keret (אתגר קרת, born August 20, 1967) is an Israeli writer known for his short stories, graphic novels, and scriptwriting for film and television.
Ethiopia–Israel relations
Ethiopia–Israel relations are foreign relations between Ethiopia and Israel.
See Israel and Ethiopia–Israel relations
Ethnocracy
An ethnocracy is a type of political structure in which the state apparatus is controlled by a dominant ethnic group (or groups) to further its interests, power, dominance, and resources.
EUobserver
EUobserver is a European online newspaper, launched in 2000 by the Brussels-based organisation EUobserver.com ASBL.
European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU).
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European Neighbourhood Policy
The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is a foreign relations instrument of the European Union (EU) which seeks to tie those countries to the east and south of the European territory of the EU to the Union.
See Israel and European Neighbourhood Policy
European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions.
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European University Institute
The European University Institute (EUI) is an international postgraduate and post-doctoral research-intensive university and an intergovernmental organisation with juridical personality, established by its founding member states to contribute to cultural and scientific development in the social sciences, in a European perspective.
See Israel and European University Institute
Eurovision Song Contest
The Eurovision Song Contest (Concours Eurovision de la chanson), often known simply as Eurovision, is an international song competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union.
See Israel and Eurovision Song Contest
Exclusive economic zone
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.
See Israel and Exclusive economic zone
Expulsions and exoduses of Jews
This article lists expulsions, refugee crises and other forms of displacement that have affected Jews.
See Israel and Expulsions and exoduses of Jews
External debt
A country's gross external debt (or foreign debt) is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents.
Extremes on Earth
This article lists extreme locations on Earth that hold geographical records or are otherwise known for their geophysical or meteorological superlatives.
See Israel and Extremes on Earth
Falafel
Falafel (فلافل) is a deep-fried ball or patty-shaped fritter of Egyptian origin, featuring in Middle Eastern cuisine, particularly Levantine cuisines, and is made from broad beans, ground chickpeas, or both.
Fall of Babylon
The fall of Babylon was the decisive event that marked the total defeat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BCE.
See Israel and Fall of Babylon
Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.
Fatimid Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate or Fatimid Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya) was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
See Israel and Fatimid Caliphate
Fayard
Fayard (complete name: Librairie Arthème Fayard) is a French Paris-based publishing house established in 1857.
Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent (الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, together with northern Kuwait, south-eastern Turkey, and western Iran. Israel and Fertile Crescent are eastern Mediterranean.
See Israel and Fertile Crescent
FIBA European Champions Cup and EuroLeague records and statistics
This page details statistics of the FIBA European Champions Cup and EuroLeague.
See Israel and FIBA European Champions Cup and EuroLeague records and statistics
Fifteenth government of Israel
The fifteenth government of Israel was formed by Golda Meir on 15 December 1969 following the October elections.
See Israel and Fifteenth government of Israel
Fifth Aliyah
The Fifth Aliyah (HaAliyah HaHamishit) refers to the fifth wave of the Jewish immigration to Palestine from Europe and Asia between the years 1929 and 1939, with the arrival of 225,000 to 300,000 Jews.
Financial centre
A financial centre (financial center in American English) or financial hub is a location with a significant concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance, and financial markets, with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.
See Israel and Financial centre
First Aliyah
The First Aliyah (HaAliyah HaRishona), also known as the agriculture Aliyah, was a major wave of Jewish immigration (aliyah) to Ottoman Palestine between 1881 and 1903.
First Intifada
The First Intifada (lit), also known as the First Palestinian Intifada or the Stone Intifada, was a sustained series of protests, acts of civil disobedience and riots carried out by Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territories and Israel.
First Jewish–Roman War
The First Jewish–Roman War (66–74 CE), sometimes called the Great Jewish Revolt (ha-Mered Ha-Gadol), or The Jewish War, was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews against the Roman Empire fought in the province of Judaea, resulting in the destruction of Jewish towns, the displacement of its people and the appropriation of land for Roman military use, as well as the destruction of the Jewish Temple and polity.
See Israel and First Jewish–Roman War
Folk music
Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival.
Foreign Assistance Act
The Foreign Assistance Act (et seq.) is a United States law governing foreign aid policy.
See Israel and Foreign Assistance Act
Foreign exchange reserves
Foreign exchange reserves (also called forex reserves or FX reserves) are cash and other reserve assets such as gold and silver held by a central bank or other monetary authority that are primarily available to balance payments of the country, influence the foreign exchange rate of its currency, and to maintain confidence in financial markets.
See Israel and Foreign exchange reserves
Four Holy Cities
The Four Holy Cities of Judaism are the cities of Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed and Tiberias, which were the four main centers of Jewish life after the Ottoman conquest of Palestine.
See Israel and Four Holy Cities
Fourth Aliyah
The Fourth Aliyah (HaAliyah HaRevi'it') refers to the fourth wave of the Jewish immigration to Mandatory Palestine, mainly from Europe, between the years 1924 and 1928.
Fourth Geneva Convention
The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, more commonly referred to as the Fourth Geneva Convention and abbreviated as GCIV, is one of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions.
See Israel and Fourth Geneva Convention
France 24
France 24 (vingt-quatre in French) is a French publicly-funded international news television network based in Paris.
Freedom in the World
Freedom in the World is a yearly survey and report by the U.S.-based non-governmental organization Freedom House that measures the degree of civil liberties and political rights in every nation and significant related and disputed territories around the world.
See Israel and Freedom in the World
French fries
French fries (North American English & British English), and chips (British and other national varieties), finger chips (Indian English), french-fried potatoes, or simply fries are batonnet or allumette-cut deep-fried potatoes of disputed origin from Belgium or France.
Fusion cuisine
Fusion cuisine is a cuisine that combines elements of different culinary traditions that originate from different countries, regions, or cultures.
Galilee
Galilee (hagGālīl; Galilaea; al-jalīl) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon. Israel and Galilee are Levant.
Gallup, Inc.
Gallup, Inc. is an American multinational analytics and advisory company based in Washington, D.C. Founded by George Gallup in 1935, the company became known for its public opinion polls conducted worldwide.
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970.
See Israel and Gamal Abdel Nasser
Garden city movement
The garden city movement was a 20th century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with greenbelts.
See Israel and Garden city movement
Gaza War (2008–2009)
The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead (מִבְצָע עוֹפֶרֶת יְצוּקָה), also known as the Gaza Massacre, and referred to as the Battle of al-Furqan (معركة الفرقان) by Hamas, Secondary source, Abdul-Hameed al-Kayyali, Studies on the Israeli Aggression on Gaza Strip: Cast Lead Operation / Al-Furqan Battle, 2009 was a three-week armed conflict between Gaza Strip Palestinian paramilitary groups and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 with a unilateral ceasefire.
See Israel and Gaza War (2008–2009)
Gaza–Israel barrier
The Gaza–Israel barrier (sometimes called the Iron Wall) is a border barrier located on the Israeli side of the Gaza–Israel border.
See Israel and Gaza–Israel barrier
Geneva Conventions
language.
See Israel and Geneva Conventions
Germany–Israel relations
Germany–Israel relations (Deutsch-israelische Beziehungen; יחסי גרמניה-ישראל) are the diplomatic relationship between the Federal Republic of Germany and the State of Israel.
See Israel and Germany–Israel relations
Gesher Theater
Gesher Theater is an Israeli theater company founded in 1991 in Tel Aviv by new immigrants from Russia.
Ghassulian
Ghassulian refers to a culture and an archaeological stage dating to the Middle and Late Chalcolithic Period in the Southern Levant (c. 4400 – c. 3500 BC).
Global Competitiveness Report
The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) was a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum.
See Israel and Global Competitiveness Report
Global Peace Index
Global Peace Index (GPI) is a report produced by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) which measures the relative position of nations' and regions' peacefulness.
See Israel and Global Peace Index
GOC Army Headquarters
The GOC Army Headquarters (מפקדת זרוע היבשה, Mifkedet Zro'a HaYabasha, abbreviated Mazi), is a multi-corps command headquarters of the Ground Forces of the Israel Defense Forces.
See Israel and GOC Army Headquarters
Golan Heights
The Golan Heights (Haḍbatu l-Jawlān or; רמת הגולן), or simply the Golan, is a basaltic plateau, at the southwest corner of Syria.
Golan Heights Law
The Golan Heights Law is the Israeli law which applies Israel's government and laws to the Golan Heights.
See Israel and Golan Heights Law
Golda Meir
Golda Meir (3 May 1898 – 8 December 1978) was an Israeli politician who served as the fourth prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974.
Great Rift Valley
The Great Rift Valley (Bonde la ufa) is a series of contiguous geographic depressions, approximately in total length, that runs from Lebanon in Asia to Mozambique in Southeast Africa.
See Israel and Great Rift Valley
Greater Jerusalem
In Israel, the Jerusalem metropolitan area is the area encompassing the approximately one hundred square miles surrounding the Old City of Jerusalem with a population of 1,253,900.
See Israel and Greater Jerusalem
Greece–Israel relations
Greece–Israel relations are the bilateral relationship between the Hellenic Republic and the State of Israel.
See Israel and Greece–Israel relations
Green Line (Israel)
The Green Line or 1949 Armistice border is the demarcation line set out in the 1949 Armistice Agreements between the armies of Israel and those of its neighbors (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria) after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
See Israel and Green Line (Israel)
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
See Israel and Gross domestic product
Gross national income
The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total domestic and foreign financial output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents.
See Israel and Gross national income
Guatemala
Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. Israel and Guatemala are member states of the United Nations and Republics.
Gulf of Aqaba
The Gulf of Aqaba (Khalīj al-ʿAqaba) or Gulf of Eilat (Mifrátz Eilát) is a large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea, east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian Peninsula.
Gulf War
The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States.
Gush Dan
Gush Dan (גּוּשׁ דָּן, lit. "Dan bloc") or Tel Aviv metropolitan area is a conurbation in Israel, located along the country's Mediterranean coastline.
Gush Etzion
Gush Etzion (גּוּשׁ עֶצְיוֹן, Etzion Bloc) is a cluster of Israeli settlements located in the Judaean Mountains, directly south of Jerusalem and Bethlehem in the West Bank.
Gush Katif
Gush Katif (lit) was a bloc of 17 Israeli settlements in the southern Gaza Strip.
Haaretz
Haaretz (originally Ḥadshot Haaretz –) is an Israeli newspaper.
Habima Theatre
The Habima Theatre (תיאטרון הבימה Te'atron HaBima, lit. "The Stage Theatre") is the national theatre of Israel and one of the first Hebrew language theatres.
Haganah
Haganah (הַהֲגָנָה) was the main Zionist paramilitary organization that operated for the Yishuv in the British Mandate for Palestine.
Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands.
See Israel and Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
Haifa
Haifa (Ḥēyfā,; Ḥayfā) is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in.
See Israel and Haifa
Haifa Airport
Haifa Airport (נְמַל הַתְּעוּפָה חֵיפָה, Namal HaTe'ufa Haifa; مطار حيفا), also known as Uri Michaeli Airport, is a small general aviation airport (only operates flights to Larnaca and Paphos) located in Haifa, an Israeli city.
Haifa District
Haifa District (מחוז חיפה, Mehoz Ḥeifa; منطقة حيفا) is an administrative district surrounding the city of Haifa, Israel.
Haifa metropolitan area
The Haifa metropolitan area (מטרופולין חיפה) is a metropolitan area including areas from both the Haifa and the Northern districts of Israel.
See Israel and Haifa metropolitan area
Halakha
Halakha (translit), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho, is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah.
Hamas
Hamas, an acronym of its official name, Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya (lit), is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist militant resistance movement governing parts of the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip since 2007.
See Israel and Hamas
Hamburger
A hamburger, or simply a burger, is a dish consisting of fillings—usually a patty of ground meat, typically beef—placed inside a sliced bun or bread roll.
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.
Hapoel Tel Aviv Football Club (מועדון כדורגל הפועל תל אביב, Moadon Kaduregel Hapoel Tel Aviv) is an Israeli professional football club based in Tel Aviv that competes in the Israeli Premier League.
See Israel and Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.
Haredi Judaism
Haredi Judaism (translit,; plural Haredim) is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that is characterized by its strict interpretation of religious sources and its accepted (Jewish law) and traditions, in opposition to more accommodating or modern values and practices.
Hashomer
Hashomer (השומר, "The Watchman") was a Jewish defense organization in Palestine founded in April 1909.
Hasidic Judaism
Hasidism or Hasidic Judaism is a religious movement within Judaism that arose in the 18th century as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine before spreading rapidly throughout Eastern Europe.
See Israel and Hasidic Judaism
Hasmonean dynasty
The Hasmonean dynasty (חַשְׁמוֹנָאִים Ḥašmōnāʾīm; Ασμοναϊκή δυναστεία) was a ruling dynasty of Judea and surrounding regions during the Hellenistic times of the Second Temple period (part of classical antiquity), from BCE to 37 BCE. Israel and Hasmonean dynasty are Jewish polities and political entities in the Land of Israel.
See Israel and Hasmonean dynasty
Hatikvah
Hatikvah (hattiqvā) is the national anthem of the State of Israel.
Head of government
In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
See Israel and Head of government
Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
Hebrew calendar
The Hebrew calendar (translit), also called the Jewish calendar, is a lunisolar calendar used today for Jewish religious observance and as an official calendar of Israel.
See Israel and Hebrew calendar
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
See Israel and Hebrew language
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; הַאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה הַעִבְרִית בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם) is a public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel.
See Israel and Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hebron
Hebron (الخليل, or خَلِيل الرَّحْمَن; חֶבְרוֹן) is a Palestinian.
Hellenic Air Force
The Hellenic Air Force (HAF;, sometimes abbreviated as ΠΑ) is the air force of Greece (Hellenic being the endonym for Greek in the Greek language).
See Israel and Hellenic Air Force
Hellenization
Hellenization (also spelled Hellenisation) or Hellenism is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language, and identity by non-Greeks.
Henry Holt and Company
Henry Holt and Company is an American book-publishing company based in New York City.
See Israel and Henry Holt and Company
Herod the Great
Herod I or Herod the Great was a Roman Jewish client king of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea.
See Israel and Herod the Great
Herodian dynasty
The Herodian dynasty was a royal dynasty of Idumaean (Edomite) descent, ruling the Herodian Kingdom of Judea and later the Herodian Tetrarchy as a vassal state of the Roman Empire.
See Israel and Herodian dynasty
Hezbollah
Hezbollah (Ḥizbu 'llāh) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group, led since 1992 by its Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah.
Hiloni
Hiloni (חִלּוֹנִי), plural hilonim (חִלּוֹנִים; "secular"), is a social category in Israel, designating the least religious segment among the Jewish public.
Hinduism in Israel
Hinduism in Israel refers to the Hindu population in Israel.
See Israel and Hinduism in Israel
Historicity of the Bible
The historicity of the Bible is the question of the Bible's relationship to history—covering not just the Bible's acceptability as history but also the ability to understand the literary forms of biblical narrative.
See Israel and Historicity of the Bible
History of ancient Israel and Judah
The history of ancient Israel and Judah spans from the early appearance of the Israelites in Canaan's hill country during the late second millennium BCE, to the establishment and subsequent downfall of the two Israelite kingdoms in the mid-first millennium BCE.
See Israel and History of ancient Israel and Judah
History of education in ancient Israel and Judah
Education has been defined as, "teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible, but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgement and well-developed wisdom.
See Israel and History of education in ancient Israel and Judah
History of Israel
The history of Israel covers an area of the Southern Levant also known as Canaan, Palestine or the Holy Land, which is the geographical location of the modern states of Israel and Palestine.
See Israel and History of Israel
History of the Jews in Germany
The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321 CE, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (circa 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community.
See Israel and History of the Jews in Germany
Holocaust survivors
Holocaust survivors are people who survived the Holocaust, defined as the persecution and attempted annihilation of the Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies before and during World War II in Europe and North Africa.
See Israel and Holocaust survivors
Holy Land
The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine.
Holy See
The Holy See (url-status,; Santa Sede), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome.
Home Front Command
The Home Front Command (HFC; פיקוד העורף, Pikud HaOref, also referred to by the Hebrew-language acronym Pakar) is an Israel Defense Forces military district command responsible for civil protection.
See Israel and Home Front Command
Homeland for the Jewish people
A homeland for the Jewish people is an idea rooted in Jewish history, religion, and culture.
See Israel and Homeland for the Jewish people
Hominidae
The Hominidae, whose members are known as the great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo (the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan); Gorilla (the eastern and western gorilla); Pan (the chimpanzee and the bonobo); and Homo, of which only modern humans (''Homo sapiens'') remain.
Honduras
Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. Israel and Honduras are member states of the United Nations and Republics.
Hula Valley
The Hula Valley (ʿEmeq haḤūlā; Buḥayrat al-Ḥūla) is an agricultural region in northern Israel with abundant fresh water that used to be Lake Hula before it was drained.
Human rights in Israel
International human rights organizations, along with the United Nations, and the United States Department of State, have reported human rights violations committed by the State of Israel, particularly against minority groups.
See Israel and Human rights in Israel
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
See Israel and Human Rights Watch
Hummus
Hummus (حُمُّص), also spelled hommus or houmous, is a Middle Eastern dip, spread, or savory dish made from cooked, mashed chickpeas blended with tahini, lemon juice, and garlic.
Ilan Ramon
Ilan Ramon (אילן רמון;, born Ilan Wolfferman (אילן וולפרמן); June 20, 1954 – February 1, 2003) was an Israeli fighter pilot and later the first Israeli astronaut.
India–Israel relations
Since the 1990s, the Republic of India and the State of Israel have had a comprehensive economic, military, and political relationship.
See Israel and India–Israel relations
Intel
Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware.
See Israel and Intel
Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
During the British rule in Mandatory Palestine, there was civil, political and armed struggle between Palestinian Arabs and the Jewish Yishuv, beginning from the violent spillover of the Franco-Syrian War in 1920 and until the onset of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
See Israel and Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
International community
The international community is a term used in geopolitics and international relations to refer to a broad group of people and governments of the world.
See Israel and International community
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; Cour internationale de justice, CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues.
See Israel and International Court of Justice
International Journal of Conflict and Violence
The International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV) is an open access interdisciplinary scientific journal covering conflict and violence research.
See Israel and International Journal of Conflict and Violence
International Journal of Middle East Studies
The International Journal of Middle East Studies is a scholarly journal published by the Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA), a learned society.
See Israel and International Journal of Middle East Studies
International law
International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards that states and other actors feel an obligation to obey in their mutual relations and generally do obey.
See Israel and International law
International law and Israeli settlements
The international community considers the establishment of Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied territories illegal on one of two bases: that they are in violation of Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, or that they are in breach of international declarations.
See Israel and International law and Israeli settlements
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
See Israel and International Monetary Fund
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia refers to two different versions of a Bible encyclopedia: a 1915 fundamentalist edition, and a 1979–1995 revised evangelical edition.
See Israel and International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Iran–Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War, was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988.
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.
See Israel and Iranian Revolution
Irgun
The Irgun (ארגון; full title: הארגון הצבאי הלאומי בארץ ישראל, lit. "The National Military Organization in the Land of Israel"), or Etzel (אצ״ל) (sometimes abbreviated IZL), was a Zionist paramilitary organization that operated in Mandatory Palestine between 1931 and 1948.
See Israel and Irgun
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Iron Dome
Iron Dome (Kippat Barzel) is an Israeli mobile all-weather air defense system, developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries.
Irradiance
In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area.
Isaac Herzog
Isaac "Bougie" Herzog (Yitskhak "Buzhi" Hertsog; born 22 September 1960) is an Israeli politician who has been serving since 2021 as the 11th president of Israel.
Islam in Israel
, Muslims are the largest religious minority in Israel, accounting for 18.1% of the country's total population.
See Israel and Islam in Israel
Islamic terrorism
Islamic terrorism (also known as Islamist terrorism or radical Islamic terrorism) refers to terrorist acts with religious motivations carried out by fundamentalist militant Islamists and Islamic extremists.
See Israel and Islamic terrorism
Islamic–Jewish relations
Islamic–Jewish relations comprise the human and diplomatic relations between Jewish people and Muslims in the Arabian Peninsula, Northern Africa, the Middle East, and their surrounding regions.
See Israel and Islamic–Jewish relations
IsraAid
IsraAID (The Israel Forum for International Humanitarian Aid) is an Israel-based non-governmental organization that responds to emergencies all over the world with targeted humanitarian help.
Israel (name)
Israel is a Hebrew-language masculine given name.
Israel and apartheid
Israel's policies and actions in its ongoing occupation and administration of the Palestinian territories have drawn accusations that it is committing the crime of apartheid.
See Israel and Israel and apartheid
Israel and the United Nations
Issues relating to the State of Israel and aspects of the Arab–Israeli conflict and more recently the Iran–Israel conflict occupy repeated annual debate times, resolutions and resources at the United Nations.
See Israel and Israel and the United Nations
Israel and weapons of mass destruction
Israel is believed to possess weapons of mass destruction, and to be one of four nuclear-armed countries not recognized as a Nuclear Weapons State by the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
See Israel and Israel and weapons of mass destruction
Israel at the Asian Games
Israel competed at the Asian Games five times, from 1954 to 1974.
See Israel and Israel at the Asian Games
Israel at the Olympics
Israel has competed at the Olympic Games as a nation since 1952.
See Israel and Israel at the Olympics
Israel at the Paralympics
Israeli athletes have participated in the Paralympic Games since 1960.
See Israel and Israel at the Paralympics
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה, HaLishka HaMerkazit LiStatistika; دائرة الإحصاء المركزية الإسرائيلية), abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli government office established in 1949 to carry out research and publish statistical data on all aspects of Israeli life, including population, society, economy, industry, education, and physical infrastructure.
See Israel and Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
Israel Defense Forces
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל), alternatively referred to by the Hebrew-language acronym, is the national military of the State of Israel.
See Israel and Israel Defense Forces
Israel Hayom
Israel Hayom (lit) is an Israeli national Hebrew-language free daily newspaper.
Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest
Israel has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 46 times since making its debut in.
See Israel and Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest
Israel Museum
The Israel Museum (מוזיאון ישראל, Muze'on Yisrael, متحف إسرائيل) is an art and archaeology museum in Jerusalem.
Israel national football team
The Israel national football team (Nivḥeret Yīsrāʾēl BeḴaduregel) represents Israel in men's international football, and is governed by the Israel Football Association.
See Israel and Israel national football team
Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (abbreviation IPO; Hebrew: התזמורת הפילהרמונית הישראלית, ha-Tizmoret ha-Filharmonit ha-Yisra'elit) is a major Israeli symphony orchestra based in Tel Aviv.
See Israel and Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
Israel Railways
Israel Railways Ltd. (רַכֶּבֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Rakevet Yisra'el) is the state-owned principal railway company responsible for all inter-city, commuter, and freight rail transport in Israel.
See Israel and Israel Railways
Israel Space Agency
The Israel Space Agency (ISA; סוכנות החלל הישראלית, Sokhnut heKhalal haYisraelit) is a governmental body, a part of Israel's Ministry of Science and Technology, that coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals.
See Israel and Israel Space Agency
Israel Standard Time
Israel Standard Time (IST) (שעון ישראל, lit. "Clock of Israel") is the standard time zone in Israel.
See Israel and Israel Standard Time
Israel Summer Time
Israel Summer Time (שעון קיץ "Summer Clock"), also in English, Israel Daylight Time (IDT) is the practice in Israel by which clocks are advanced by one hour, beginning on the Friday before the last Sunday of March, and ending on the last Sunday of October.
See Israel and Israel Summer Time
Israel–European Union relations
Israel is an associated state of the European Union.
See Israel and Israel–European Union relations
Israel–Jordan peace treaty
The Israel–Jordan peace treaty (formally the "Treaty of Peace Between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan"),הסכם השלום בין ישראל לירדן; transliterated: Heskem Ha-Shalom beyn Yisra'el Le-Yarden; معاهدة السلامالأردنية الإسرائيلية; Arabic transliteration: Mu'ahadat as-Salaam al-'Urdunniyah al-Isra'yliyah sometimes referred to as the Wadi Araba Treaty, is an agreement that ended the state of war that has existed between the two countries since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and established mutual diplomatic relations.
See Israel and Israel–Jordan peace treaty
Israel–Lebanon relations
Israel–Lebanon relations have experienced ups and downs since their establishment in the 1940s.
See Israel and Israel–Lebanon relations
Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition
The Letters of Mutual Recognition were exchanged between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization on 9 September 1993.
See Israel and Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition
Israel–Russia relations
The State of Israel is represented in the Russian Federation through an embassy in Moscow and a consulate-general (to be opened) in Yekaterinburg.
See Israel and Israel–Russia relations
Israel–Syria relations
Israel–Syria relations refer to the bilateral ties between the State of Israel and the Syrian Arab Republic.
See Israel and Israel–Syria relations
Israel–Turkey relations
The State of Israel and the Republic of Turkey formally established diplomatic relations in March 1949.
See Israel and Israel–Turkey relations
Israel–United Kingdom relations
Israel–United Kingdom relations, or Anglo-Israeli relations, are the diplomatic and commercial ties between the United Kingdom and Israel.
See Israel and Israel–United Kingdom relations
Israel–United States military relations
Military relations between Israel and the United States have been extremely close, reflecting shared security interests in the Middle East.
See Israel and Israel–United States military relations
Israel–United States relations
The United States of America was the first country to recognize the nascent State of Israel.
See Israel and Israel–United States relations
Israeli Air Force
The Israeli Air Force (IAF; tl, "Air and Space Arm", commonly known as, Kheil HaAvir, "Air Corps") operates as the aerial and space warfare branch of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
See Israel and Israeli Air Force
Israeli Basketball Premier League
Ligat HaAl (ליגת העל, lit., Supreme League or Premier League), or the Israeli Basketball Premier League, is the top-tier level league of professional competition in Israeli club basketball, making it Israel's primary basketball competition.
See Israel and Israeli Basketball Premier League
Israeli checkpoint
An Israeli checkpoint (makhsóm; ḥājiz) is a barrier erected by the Israeli Security Forces, primarily today part of the system of West Bank closures in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.
See Israel and Israeli checkpoint
Israeli Chess Championship
The Israeli Chess Championship is a chess event held every year in Israel.
See Israel and Israeli Chess Championship
Israeli citizenship law
Israeli citizenship law details the conditions by which a person holds citizenship of Israel.
See Israel and Israeli citizenship law
Israeli coastal plain
Israeli coastal plain (מישור החוף, Mishor HaḤof) is the Israeli segment of the Levantine coastal plain of the Mediterranean Sea, extending north to south.
See Israel and Israeli coastal plain
Israeli cuisine
Israeli cuisine primarily comprises dishes brought from the Jewish diaspora, and has more recently been defined by the development of a notable fusion cuisine characterized by the mixing of Jewish cuisine and Arab cuisine.
See Israel and Israeli cuisine
Israeli Declaration of Independence
The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and later first Prime Minister of Israel.
See Israel and Israeli Declaration of Independence
Israeli disengagement from Gaza
In 2005, 21 Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip and four Israeli settlements in the West Bank were unilaterally dismantled.
See Israel and Israeli disengagement from Gaza
Israeli Jews
Israeli Jews or Jewish Israelis (יהודים ישראלים) comprise Israel's largest ethnic and religious community.
Israeli literature
Israeli literature is literature written in the State of Israel by Israelis.
See Israel and Israeli literature
Israeli Navy
The Israeli Navy (חיל הים הישראלי, Ḥeil HaYam HaYisraeli,; البحرية الإسرائيلية) is the naval warfare service arm of the Israel Defense Forces, operating primarily in the Mediterranean Sea theater as well as the Gulf of Eilat and the Red Sea theater.
Israeli new shekel
The new Israeli shekel (sheqel ẖadash,; šēkal jadīd; sign: ₪; ISO code: ILS; unofficial abbreviation: NIS), also known as simply the Israeli shekel (sheqel yisreʾeli; šēkal ʾisrāʾīlī), is the currency of Israel and is also used as a legal tender in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
See Israel and Israeli new shekel
Israeli Premier League
The Israeli Premier League (ליגת העל, Ligat HaAl) is a professional association football (soccer) league, that operates as the highest-division of the Israeli football league.
See Israel and Israeli Premier League
Israeli security forces
Security forces in Israel (also known as Israel security establishment, מערכת הבטחון, Ma'arechet ha'Bitachon) include a variety of organizations, including military, law enforcement, paramilitary, governmental, and intelligence agencies.
See Israel and Israeli security forces
Israeli settlement
Israeli settlements, also called Israeli colonies, are the civilian communities built by Israel throughout the Israeli-occupied territories.
See Israel and Israeli settlement
Israeli West Bank barrier
The Israeli West Bank barrier, comprising the West Bank Wall and the West Bank fence, is a separation barrier built by Israel along the Green Line and inside parts of the West Bank.
See Israel and Israeli West Bank barrier
Israeli-occupied territories
Israel has occupied the Palestinian territories and the Golan Heights since the Six-Day War of 1967.
See Israel and Israeli-occupied territories
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an ongoing military and political conflict about land and self-determination within the territory of the former Mandatory Palestine.
See Israel and Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Israeli–Palestinian peace process
Intermittent discussions are held by various parties and proposals put forward in an attempt to resolve the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict through a peace process.
See Israel and Israeli–Palestinian peace process
Israelis
Israelis (translit; translit) are the citizens and nationals of the State of Israel.
Israelites
The Israelites were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan.
Itzhak Perlman
Itzhak Perlman (יִצְחָק פרלמן; born August 31, 1945) is an Israeli-American violinist.
Jacob
Jacob (Yaʿqūb; Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, and Islam.
See Israel and Jacob
Jazz
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues, ragtime, European harmony and African rhythmic rituals.
See Israel and Jazz
Jazzar Pasha
Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar (أحمد باشا الجزّار, c. 1720–30s7 May 1804) was the Acre-based Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet from 1776 until his death in 1804 and the simultaneous governor of Damascus Eyalet in 1785–1786, 1790–1795, 1798–1799, and 1803–1804.
Jenin, Jenin
Jenin, Jenin is a film directed by Mohammed Bakri, a prominent Palestinian actor and Israeli citizen, in order to portray what Bakri calls "the Palestinian truth" about the "Battle of Jenin", a clash between the Israeli army and Palestinians in April 2002.
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.
Jerusalem District
The Jerusalem District (מחוז ירושלים; منطقة القدس) is one of the six administrative districts of Israel.
See Israel and Jerusalem District
Jerusalem Law
Jerusalem Law (قانون القدس) is a common name of Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel passed by the Knesset on 30 July 1980.
Jewish Agency for Israel
The Jewish Agency for Israel (translit), formerly known as the Jewish Agency for Palestine, is the largest Jewish non-profit organization in the world.
See Israel and Jewish Agency for Israel
Jewish ceremonial art
Jewish ceremonial art is objects used by Jews for ritual purposes.
See Israel and Jewish ceremonial art
Jewish cuisine
Jewish cuisine refers to the worldwide cooking traditions of the Jewish people.
Jewish culture
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age.
Jewish diaspora
The Jewish diaspora (təfūṣā) or exile (Hebrew: גָּלוּת; Yiddish) is the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancient ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.
See Israel and Jewish diaspora
Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
In the 20th century, approximately Jews migrated, fled, or were expelled from Muslim-majority countries throughout Africa and Asia.
See Israel and Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
Jewish Federations of North America
The Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA), formerly the United Jewish Communities (UJC), is an American Jewish umbrella organization for the Jewish Federations system, representing over 350 independent Jewish communities across North America that raise and distribute over $2 billion annually, including through planned giving and endowment programs, to support social welfare, social services and educational needs.
See Israel and Jewish Federations of North America
Jewish holidays
Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (Good Days, or singular יום טוב, in transliterated Hebrew), are holidays observed by Jews throughout the Hebrew calendar.
See Israel and Jewish holidays
Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
A successful paramilitary campaign, sometimes referred to as the Palestine Emergency, was carried out by Zionist underground groups against British rule in Mandatory Palestine from 1944 to 1948.
See Israel and Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
Jewish Legion
The Jewish Legion was an unofficial name used to refer to five battalions of the British Army's Royal Fusiliers regiment, which consisted of Jewish volunteers recruited during World War I. In 1915, the British Army raised the Zion Mule Corps, a transportation unit of Jewish volunteers, for service in the Gallipoli campaign.
Jewish National Fund
The Jewish National Fund (JNF; קֶרֶן קַיֶּימֶת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, Keren Kayemet LeYisrael; previously, Ha Fund HaLeumi) is a non-profit organizationProfessor Alon Tal, The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev.
See Israel and Jewish National Fund
Jewish question
The Jewish question was a wide-ranging debate in 19th- and 20th-century Europe that pertained to the appropriate status and treatment of Jews.
See Israel and Jewish question
Jewish religious movements
Jewish religious movements, sometimes called "denominations", include diverse groups within Judaism which have developed among Jews from ancient times.
See Israel and Jewish religious movements
Jewish revolt against Heraclius
The Jewish revolt against Heraclius was part of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 and is considered the last serious Jewish attempt to regain autonomy in Palaestina Prima prior to modern times.
See Israel and Jewish revolt against Heraclius
Jewish state
In world politics, Jewish state is a characterization of Israel as the nation-state and sovereign homeland of the Jewish people.
Jewish Telegraphic Agency
The Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) is an international news agency and wire service that primarily covers Judaism- and Jewish-related topics and news.
See Israel and Jewish Telegraphic Agency
Jewish–Roman wars
The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by the Jews of Judaea and the Eastern Mediterranean against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE.
See Israel and Jewish–Roman wars
Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
See Israel and Jews
Jezreel Valley
The Jezreel Valley (from the translit), or Marj Ibn Amir (Marj Ibn ʿĀmir), also known as the Valley of Megiddo, is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District of Israel.
Jizya
Jizya (jizya), or jizyah, is a tax historically levied on dhimmis, that is, protected non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law.
See Israel and Jizya
John B. Quigley
John B. Quigley (born 1940) is a professor of law at the Moritz College of Law at the Ohio State University, where he is the Presidents' Club Professor of Law Emeritus.
See Israel and John B. Quigley
Jordan
Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Israel and Jordan are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, Levant, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries and west Asian countries.
Jordan Rift Valley
The Jordan Rift Valley, also Jordan Valley also called the Syro-African Depression, is an elongated depression located in modern-day Israel, Jordan and the West Bank. Israel and Jordan Rift Valley are Levant.
See Israel and Jordan Rift Valley
Jordan River
The Jordan River or River Jordan (نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (نهر الشريعة.), is a river in the Levant that flows roughly north to south through the freshwater Sea of Galilee and on to the salt water Dead Sea.
Jordan Valley
The Jordan Valley (Ghawr al-Urdunn; Emek HaYarden) forms part of the larger Jordan Rift Valley.
Jordanian annexation of the West Bank
The Jordanian administration of the West Bank officially began on April 24, 1950, and ended with the decision to sever ties on July 31, 1988. Israel and Jordanian annexation of the West Bank are states and territories established in 1948.
See Israel and Jordanian annexation of the West Bank
Joseph's Tomb
Joseph's Tomb (קבר יוסף, Qever Yosef; قبر يوسف, Qabr Yūsuf) is a funerary monument located in Balata village at the eastern entrance to the valley that separates Mounts Gerizim and Ebal, 300 metres northwest of Jacob's Well, on the outskirts of the West Bank city of Nablus.
Judaea (Roman province)
Judaea (Iudaea; translit) was a Roman province from 6 to 132 AD, which incorporated the Levantine regions of Idumea, Philistia, Judea, Samaria and Galilee, extending over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea. Israel and Judaea (Roman province) are political entities in the Land of Israel.
See Israel and Judaea (Roman province)
Judea
Judea or Judaea (Ἰουδαία,; Iudaea) is a mountainous region of the Levant.
See Israel and Judea
Judea and Samaria Area
The Judea and Samaria Area (translit; translit) is an administrative division administered by the state of Israel.
See Israel and Judea and Samaria Area
Judiciary of Israel
The judicial system of Israel consists of secular courts and religious courts.
See Israel and Judiciary of Israel
Jus sanguinis
Jus sanguinis ('right of blood') is a principle of nationality law by which nationality is determined or acquired by the nationality of one or both parents.
Kababir
Kababir (كبابير; כבאביר) is a mixed neighbourhood with a majority of Ahmadi Muslim Arabs and a significant minority of Jews in Haifa, Israel.
Kabbalah
Kabbalah or Qabalah (קַבָּלָה|Qabbālā|reception, tradition) is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought in Jewish mysticism.
Kahan Commission
The Kahan Commission (ועדת כהן), formally known as the Commission of Inquiry into the Events at the Refugee Camps in Beirut, was established by the Israeli government on 28 September 1982, to investigate the Sabra and Shatila massacre (16–18 September 1982).
See Israel and Kahan Commission
Kashrut
(also or, כַּשְׁרוּת) is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law.
Khartoum Resolution
The Khartoum Resolution (قرار الخرطوم) of 1 September 1967 was issued at the conclusion of the 1967 Arab League summit, which was convened in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, in the wake of the Six-Day War.
See Israel and Khartoum Resolution
Khidr
Al-Khidr (al-Khaḍir; also Romanized as al-Khadir, Khader, Khidr, Hidr, Khizr, Kezr, Kathir, Khazer, Khadr, Khedher, Khizir, Khizar, Khilr) is a figure not mentioned by name in the Quran.
See Israel and Khidr
Kibbutz
A kibbutz (קִבּוּץ / קיבוץ,;: kibbutzim קִבּוּצִים / קיבוצים) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture.
Kilowatt-hour
A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour.
King David Hotel bombing
The British administrative headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, were bombed in a terrorist attack on July 22, 1946, by the militant right-wing Zionist underground organization Irgun during the Jewish insurgency.
See Israel and King David Hotel bombing
Kingdom of Egypt
The Kingdom of Egypt (The Egyptian Kingdom) was the legal form of the Egyptian state during the latter period of the Muhammad Ali dynasty's reign, from the United Kingdom's recognition of Egyptian independence in 1922 until the abolition of the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan in 1953 following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.
See Israel and Kingdom of Egypt
Kingdom of Iraq
The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq (translit) was a state located in the Middle East from 1932 to 1958.
See Israel and Kingdom of Iraq
Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
The Kingdom of Israel, or the Kingdom of Samaria, was an Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age, whose beginnings can be dated back to the first half of the 10th century BCE. Israel and kingdom of Israel (Samaria) are Jewish polities and political entities in the Land of Israel.
See Israel and Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
According to the Deuteronomistic history in the Hebrew Bible, a United Monarchy or United Kingdom of Israel existed under the reigns of Saul, Eshbaal, David, and Solomon, encompassing the territories of both the later kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Israel and kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) are Jewish polities and political entities in the Land of Israel.
See Israel and Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
Kingdom of Judah
The Kingdom of Judah was an Israelite kingdom of the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. Israel and kingdom of Judah are Jewish polities and political entities in the Land of Israel.
See Israel and Kingdom of Judah
Kingdom of Yemen
The Kingdom of Yemen, officially the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (translit), also known simply as Yemen or, retrospectively, as North Yemen, was a state that existed between 1918 and 1970 in the northwestern part of what is now Yemen.
See Israel and Kingdom of Yemen
Kishinev pogrom
The Kishinev pogrom or Kishinev massacre was an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev (modern Chișinău, Moldova), then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on.
See Israel and Kishinev pogrom
Knesset
The Knesset (translit, translit) is the unicameral legislature of Israel.
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
The Konrad Adenauer Foundation (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, KAS) is a German political party foundation associated with but independent of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
See Israel and Konrad Adenauer Foundation
Kosher restaurant
A kosher restaurant or kosher deli is an establishment that serves food that complies with Jewish dietary laws (kashrut).
See Israel and Kosher restaurant
Krav Maga
Krav Maga is an Israeli self-defense system.
Land for peace
Land for peace is a legalistic interpretation of UN Security Council Resolution 242 which has been used as the basis of subsequent Arab-Israeli peace making.
Late Bronze Age collapse
The Late Bronze Age collapse was a time of widespread societal collapse during the 12th century BC associated with environmental change, mass migration, and the destruction of cities.
See Israel and Late Bronze Age collapse
Latet
Latet (lit. to give) is an Israeli nonprofit aid organization that was founded in 1996 by Gilles Darmon, then a new immigrant from France.
See Israel and Latet
Latitude
In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.
Launch vehicle
A launch vehicle is typically a rocket-powered vehicle designed to carry a payload (a crewed spacecraft or satellites) from Earth's surface or lower atmosphere to outer space.
Law of Return
The Law of Return (חוק השבות, ḥok ha-shvūt) is an Israeli law, passed on 5 July 1950, which gives Jews, people with one or more Jewish grandparent, and their spouses the right to relocate to Israel and acquire Israeli citizenship.
League of Nations
The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
See Israel and League of Nations
League of Nations mandate
A League of Nations mandate represented a legal status under international law for specific territories following World War I, involving the transfer of control from one nation to another.
See Israel and League of Nations mandate
Leah Goldberg
Leah Goldberg or Lea Goldberg (לאה גולדברג; May 29, 1911, Königsberg – January 15, 1970, Jerusalem) was a prolific Hebrew-language poet, author, playwright, literary translator, illustrater and painter, and comparative literary researcher.
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990.
See Israel and Lebanese Civil War
Lebanon
Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Israel and Lebanon are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, eastern Mediterranean, Levant, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries, Republics and west Asian countries.
Lehi (militant group)
Lehi (לח"י – לוחמי חרות ישראל Lohamei Herut Israel – Lehi, "Fighters for the Freedom of Israel – Lehi", sometimes abbreviated "LHI"), often known pejoratively as the Stern Gang,"This group was known to its friends as LEHI and to its enemies as the Stern Gang." Blumberg, Arnold.
See Israel and Lehi (militant group)
Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''. Israel and Levant are eastern Mediterranean.
Levantine corridor
The Levantine corridor is the relatively narrow strip in Western Asia, between the Mediterranean Sea to the northwest and deserts to the southeast, which connects Africa to Eurasia.
See Israel and Levantine corridor
Levantine cuisine
Levantine cuisine is the traditional cuisine of the Levant, in the sense of the rough area of former Ottoman Syria. Israel and Levantine cuisine are Levant.
See Israel and Levantine cuisine
Life expectancy
Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age.
See Israel and Life expectancy
Likud
Likud (HaLikud), officially known as Likud – National Liberal Movement (HaLikud – Tnu'ah Leumit Liberalit), is a major right-wing political party in Israel.
See Israel and Likud
List of adventive wild plants in Israel
List of adventive wild plants in Israel refers to species of vascular plants in Israel that were either introduced there by human activity or are of a cultivated origin, and meet at least one of the following criteria.
See Israel and List of adventive wild plants in Israel
List of airports in Israel
This is a list of airports in Israel, Jerusalem and the Golan Heights sorted by types of airport.
See Israel and List of airports in Israel
List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967
This article deals with acts of Palestinian political violence against Israeli civilians between the establishment of the 1949 Armistice Agreements and the 1967 Six-Day War.
See Israel and List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967
List of biblical places
The locations, lands, and nations mentioned in the Bible are not all listed here.
See Israel and List of biblical places
List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority
The following is a list of cities administered by the Palestinian National Authority.
See Israel and List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority
List of cities in Israel
This article lists the 73 localities in Israel that the Israeli Ministry of Interior has designated as a city council.
See Israel and List of cities in Israel
List of cities proper by population density
This is a list of cities worldwide by population density.
See Israel and List of cities proper by population density
List of countries and territories by motor vehicles per capita
Countries and territories listed by the number of road motor vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants are as follows.
See Israel and List of countries and territories by motor vehicles per capita
List of countries by external debt
This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under consideration.
See Israel and List of countries by external debt
List of countries by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
See Israel and List of countries by GDP (nominal)
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency.
See Israel and List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List of countries by life expectancy
This list of countries by life expectancy provides a comprehensive list of countries alongside their respective life expectancy figures.
See Israel and List of countries by life expectancy
List of countries by literacy rate
This is a list of countries by literacy rate.
See Israel and List of countries by literacy rate
List of countries by number of billionaires
This is a list of countries by their number of billionaire residents, based on annual assessments of the net worth in United States Dollars of wealthy individuals worldwide.
See Israel and List of countries by number of billionaires
List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel
This is a list of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel.
See Israel and List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel
List of countries with highest military expenditures
This is a list of countries with the highest military expenditure in a given year.
See Israel and List of countries with highest military expenditures
List of development aid sovereign state donors
International development aid is given by many non-private donors.
See Israel and List of development aid sovereign state donors
List of diplomatic missions of Israel
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Israel, excluding honorary consulates.
See Israel and List of diplomatic missions of Israel
List of endemic flora of Israel
List of endemic flora of Israel refers to flowers, plants and trees endemic to Israel.
See Israel and List of endemic flora of Israel
List of equipment of the Israel Defense Forces
The military equipment of Israel includes a wide array of arms, armored vehicles, artillery, missiles, planes, helicopters, and warships.
See Israel and List of equipment of the Israel Defense Forces
List of football clubs in Israel
The following is a list of football clubs in Israel by their league and division as of the 2015–16 season.
See Israel and List of football clubs in Israel
List of Israeli chess players
This is a list of Israeli chess title-holders (active players only), as of April 2016.
See Israel and List of Israeli chess players
List of Israeli companies listed on the Nasdaq
Israel had more companies listed in 2012 on the NASDAQ stock exchange than any country outside of the United States and China.
See Israel and List of Israeli companies listed on the Nasdaq
List of Israeli submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
Israel has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film since 1964.
See Israel and List of Israeli submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
List of Israeli universities and colleges
This is a list of universities and colleges in Israel.
See Israel and List of Israeli universities and colleges
List of Jews in sports
This list of Jewish athletes in sports contains athletes who are Jewish and have attained outstanding achievements in sports.
See Israel and List of Jews in sports
List of Palestinian suicide attacks
This article contains a non-comprehensive list of Palestinian suicide attacks carried out by Palestinian individuals and militant groups, usually against Israeli civilian targets.
See Israel and List of Palestinian suicide attacks
List of places in Jerusalem
This article lists significant public places in the city of Jerusalem.
See Israel and List of places in Jerusalem
List of political parties in Israel
Israel's political system is based on proportional representation, and allows for a multi-party system, with numerous parties represented in the 120-seat Knesset.
See Israel and List of political parties in Israel
List of revived languages
A revived language is a language that at one point had no native speakers, but through revitalization efforts has regained native speakers.
See Israel and List of revived languages
List of sovereign states by research and development spending
This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms, based on data published by World Bank, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
See Israel and List of sovereign states by research and development spending
List of wars involving Israel
This is a list of wars and other major military engagements involving Israel.
See Israel and List of wars involving Israel
Loan guarantee
A loan guarantee, in finance, is a promise by one party (the guarantor) to assume the debt obligation of a borrower if that borrower defaults.
Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an eccentricity less than 0.25.
See Israel and Low Earth orbit
Ma'abarot
Ma'abarot (מַעְבָּרוֹת) were immigrant and refugee absorption camps established in Israel in the 1950s, constituting one of the largest public projects planned by the state to implement its sociospatial and housing policies.
Maccabean Revolt
The Maccabean Revolt (מרד החשמונאים) was a Jewish rebellion led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire and against Hellenistic influence on Jewish life.
See Israel and Maccabean Revolt
Maccabi Haifa F.C.
Maccabi Haifa Football Club (Moadon haKaduregel Makabi Ḥefa) is an Israeli professional football club based in the city of Haifa, Israel, a section of Maccabi Haifa sports club.
See Israel and Maccabi Haifa F.C.
Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C.
Maccabi Tel Aviv Basketball Club (מועדון כדורסל מכבי תל אביב), known for sponsorship reasons as Maccabi Playtika Tel Aviv, is a professional basketball club based in Tel Aviv, Israel.
See Israel and Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C.
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.
Maccabi Tel Aviv Football Club (מועדון כדורגל מכבי תל אביב; Moadon Kaduregel Maccabi Tel Aviv) is an Israeli professional football club from Tel Aviv and part of the Maccabi Tel Aviv Sport Club.
See Israel and Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.
Maccabiah Games
The Maccabiah Games (a.k.a. the World Maccabiah Games; משחקי המכביה, or משחקי המכביה העולמית; sometimes referred to as the "Jewish Olympics"), first held in 1932, are an international Jewish and Israeli multi-sport event held quadrennially in Israel.
See Israel and Maccabiah Games
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Macedonia (Μακεδονία), also called Macedon, was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.
See Israel and Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Maghrebi Jews
Maghrebi Jews (or, Maghrebim) or North African Jews (Yehudei Tzfon Africa) are an ethnic group of Jews who had traditionally lived in the Maghreb region of North Africa (al-Maghrib, Arabic for "the west") under Arab rule during the Middle Ages.
Magistrate
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law.
Mahmood Mosque, Haifa
Mahmood Mosque (جامع سيدنا محمود) is a mosque in Kababir, Haifa, Israel.
See Israel and Mahmood Mosque, Haifa
Mahmoud Abbas
Mahmoud Abbas (Maḥmūd ʿAbbās; born 15 November 1935), also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (أَبُو مَازِن), is the president of the State of Palestine and the Palestinian National Authority (PNA).
Makhtesh
A makhtesh (מַכְתֵּשׁ, Hebrew plural: (– Makhteshim) is a geological landform considered typical for the Negev desert of Israel and the Sinai peninsula of Egypt. A makhtesh has steep walls of resistant rock surrounding a deep closed valley, which is usually drained by a single wadi. The valleys have limited vegetation and soil, containing a variety of different colored rocks and diverse fauna and flora.
Makhtesh Ramon
Makhtesh Ramon (מכתש רמון; lit. Ramon Crater/Makhtesh; وادي الرمان; lit. The Ruman Wadi) is a geological feature of Israel's Negev desert.
Mamluk
Mamluk or Mamaluk (mamlūk (singular), مماليك, mamālīk (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties, serving the ruling Arab and Ottoman dynasties in the Muslim world.
Mamluk Sultanate
The Mamluk Sultanate (translit), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries.
See Israel and Mamluk Sultanate
Marc Chagall
Marc Chagall (born Moishe Shagal; – 28 March 1985) was a Belarusian-French artist.
Marriage in Israel
In Israel, marriage can be performed only under the auspices of the religious community to which couples belong, and inter-faith marriages performed within the country are not legally recognized.
See Israel and Marriage in Israel
Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus.
See Israel and Mary, mother of Jesus
May Laws
Temporary regulations regarding the Jews (also known as May Laws) were residency and business restrictions on Jews in the Russian Empire, proposed by minister Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev and enacted by Tsar Alexander III on15 May (3 May O.S.), 1882.
Mediterranean Basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin, also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation. Israel and Mediterranean Basin are Levant.
See Israel and Mediterranean Basin
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate, also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen as Cs, is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude).
See Israel and Mediterranean climate
Mediterranean cuisine
Mediterranean cuisine is the food and methods of preparation used by the people of the Mediterranean Basin.
See Israel and Mediterranean cuisine
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Israel and Mediterranean Sea
Member states of the United Nations
The member states of the United Nations comprise sovereign states.
See Israel and Member states of the United Nations
Memorandum of understanding
A memorandum of understanding (MoU) is a type of agreement between two (bilateral) or more (multilateral) parties.
See Israel and Memorandum of understanding
Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin (Menaḥem Begin,; Menachem Begin (Polish documents, 1931–1937);; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.
Merkhav Mugan
Merkhav Mugan (מרחב מוגן) (lit. protected space), also known as a "miklat" and popularly known as a mammad, is a reinforced security room required in all new buildings by Israeli law.
Messianic Judaism
Messianic Judaism (יַהֲדוּת מְשִׁיחִית or יהדות משיחית|rtl.
See Israel and Messianic Judaism
Michel Kikoine
Michel Kikoïne (Міхаіл Кікоін; Михаил Кико́ин, Michail Kikóin; 31 May 1892 – 4 November 1968) was a Lithuanian Jewish-French painter who belonged to the Ecole de Paris art movement.
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington.
Middle school
A middle school, also known as intermediate school, junior high school, junior secondary school, or lower secondary school, is an educational stage between primary school and secondary school.
Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)
The Israeli Military Intelligence (lit), often abbreviated to Aman (אמ״ן), is the central, overarching military intelligence body of the Israel Defense Forces.
See Israel and Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)
Millet (Ottoman Empire)
In the Ottoman Empire, a millet (ملت) was an independent court of law pertaining to "personal law" under which a confessional community (a group abiding by the laws of Muslim sharia, Christian canon law, or Jewish halakha) was allowed to rule itself under its own laws.
See Israel and Millet (Ottoman Empire)
Ministry of Defense (Israel)
The Ministry of Defense (Ministry of Security, acronym: משהב"ט) of the government of Israel, is the governmental department responsible for defending the State of Israel from internal and external military threats.
See Israel and Ministry of Defense (Israel)
Ministry of Environmental Protection (Israel)
The Ministry of Environmental Protection (המשרד להגנת הסביבה, HaMisrad LeHaganat HaSviva; وزارة حماية البيئة) is a government ministry in Israel.
See Israel and Ministry of Environmental Protection (Israel)
Ministry of Interior (Israel)
The Ministry of Interior (משרד הפנים, Misrad HaPnim; وزارة الداخلية) in the State of Israel is one of the government offices that is responsible for local government, citizenship and residency, identity cards, and student and entry visas.
See Israel and Ministry of Interior (Israel)
Ministry of Justice (Israel)
The Justice Ministry (מִשְׂרָד הַמִשְׁפָּטִים, Misrad HaMishpatim; وزارة العدل) is the Israeli government ministry that oversees the Israeli judicial system.
See Israel and Ministry of Justice (Israel)
Misnagdim
Misnagdim ("Opponents"; Sephardi pronunciation: Mitnagdim; singular misnaged/mitnaged) was a religious movement among the Jews of Eastern Europe which resisted the rise of Hasidism in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Mizrahi Jewish cuisine
Mizrahi Jewish cuisine is an assortment of cooking traditions that developed among the Mizrahi Jewish communities of the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia.
See Israel and Mizrahi Jewish cuisine
Mizrahi Jews
Mizrahi Jews (יהודי המִזְרָח), also known as Mizrahim (מִזְרָחִים) or Mizrachi (מִזְרָחִי) and alternatively referred to as Oriental Jews or Edot HaMizrach (עֲדוֹת־הַמִּזְרָח), are terms used in Israeli discourse to refer to a grouping of Jewish communities that lived in the Muslim world.
Mizrahi music
Mizrahi music (מוזיקה מזרחית, "Eastern music/Oriental music") refers to a music genre in Israel that combines elements from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa; and is mostly performed by Israelis of Mizrahi Jewish descent.
Modern Hebrew poetry
Modern Hebrew poetry is poetry written in the Hebrew language.
See Israel and Modern Hebrew poetry
Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard.
See Israel and Modern Standard Arabic
Modi'in Illit
Modi'in Illit (מוֹדִיעִין עִלִּית; موديعين عيليت, lit. "Upper Modi'in") is a Haredi Jewish-Israeli settlement organized as a city council in the West Bank, situated midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.
Mohammad Bakri
Mohammad Bakri (born 1953; محمد بكري, מוחמד בכרי) is a Palestinian actor and film director.
Monolatry
Monolatry (single, and label) is the belief in the existence of many gods, but with the consistent worship of only one deity.
Monotheism
Monotheism is the belief that one god is the only deity.
Morocco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Israel and Morocco are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean and member states of the United Nations.
Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre
Operation Bayonet (Operation Wrath of God) was a covert operation directed by Mossad to assassinate individuals they accused of being involved in the 1972 Munich massacre.
See Israel and Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre
Mossad LeAliyah Bet
The Mossad LeAliyah Bet (המוסד לעלייה ב', lit. Institution for Immigration B) was a branch of the paramilitary organization Haganah in British Mandatory Palestine, and later the State of Israel, that operated to facilitate Jewish immigration to British Palestine.
See Israel and Mossad LeAliyah Bet
Motion of no confidence
A motion or vote of no confidence (or the inverse, a motion of confidence and corresponding vote of confidence) is a motion and corresponding vote thereon in a deliberative assembly (usually a legislative body) as to whether an officer (typically an executive) is deemed fit to continue to occupy their office.
See Israel and Motion of no confidence
Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel (Har haKarmel; Jabal al-Karmil), also known in Arabic as Mount Mar Elias (lit), is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel stretching from the Mediterranean Sea towards the southeast.
Mount Hermon
Mount Hermon (جبل الشيخ or جبل حرمون / ALA-LC: Jabal al-Shaykh ('Mountain of the Sheikh') or Jabal Haramun; הַר חֶרְמוֹן, Har Ḥermōn) is a mountain cluster constituting the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range.
Munich massacre
The Munich massacre was a terrorist attack carried out during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, by eight members of the Palestinian militant organization Black September.
See Israel and Munich massacre
Museum for Islamic Art, Jerusalem
The L. A. Mayer Museum for Islamic Art (formerly known as the L.A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art) (Hebrew: מוזיאון ל. א. מאיר לאמנות האסלאם; Arabic: معهد ل. أ. مئير للفن الإسلامي) is an art museum in Jerusalem, established in 1974.
See Israel and Museum for Islamic Art, Jerusalem
Music of Israel
The music of Israel is a combination of Jewish and non-Jewish music traditions that have come together over the course of a century to create a distinctive musical culture.
See Israel and Music of Israel
Muslim conquest of the Levant
The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Fatḥ al-šām; lit. "Conquest of Syria"), or Arab conquest of Syria, was a 634–638 CE invasion of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate.
See Israel and Muslim conquest of the Levant
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Nahalal
Nahalal (נַהֲלָל) is a moshav in northern Israel.
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
Nathan Alterman
Nathan Alterman (נתן אלתרמן; August 14, 1910 – March 28, 1970) was an Israeli poet, playwright, journalist, and translator.
See Israel and Nathan Alterman
Nathan Thrall
Nathan Thrall is an American author, essayist, and journalist based in Jerusalem.
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
National Library of Israel
The National Library of Israel (NLI; translit; المكتبة الوطنية في إسرائيل), formerly Jewish National and University Library (JNUL; translit), is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of Israel and of Jewish heritage.
See Israel and National Library of Israel
National myth
A national myth is an inspiring narrative or anecdote about a nation's past.
National parks and nature reserves of Israel
National parks of Israel are declared historic sites or nature reserves, which are mostly operated and maintained by the National Nature and Parks Authority.
See Israel and National parks and nature reserves of Israel
Natufian culture
Natufian culture is a Late Epipaleolithic archaeological culture of the Neolithic prehistoric Levant in Western Asia, dating to around 15,000 to 11,500 years ago.
See Israel and Natufian culture
Natural gas
Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes.
Nauru
Nauru (or; Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru (Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Micronesia, part of Oceania in the Central Pacific. Israel and Nauru are member states of the United Nations and Republics.
See Israel and Nauru
Nazareth
Nazareth (النَّاصِرَة|an-Nāṣira; נָצְרַת|Nāṣəraṯ; Naṣrath) is the largest city in the Northern District of Israel.
Nebuchadnezzar II
Nebuchadnezzar II (Babylonian cuneiform: Nabû-kudurri-uṣur, meaning "Nabu, watch over my heir"; Biblical Hebrew: Nəḇūḵaḏneʾṣṣar), also spelled Nebuchadrezzar II, was the second king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, ruling from the death of his father Nabopolassar in 605 BC to his own death in 562 BC.
See Israel and Nebuchadnezzar II
Negev
The Negev (hanNégev) or Negeb (an-Naqab) is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel.
See Israel and Negev
Nelly Sachs
Nelly Sachs (10 December 1891 – 12 May 1970) was a German–Swedish poet and playwright.
Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history.
See Israel and Neo-Assyrian Empire
Neo-Babylonian Empire
The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.
See Israel and Neo-Babylonian Empire
Net international investment position
The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference in the external financial assets and liabilities of a country.
See Israel and Net international investment position
New Kingdom of Egypt
The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, was the ancient Egyptian state between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC.
See Israel and New Kingdom of Egypt
Niue
Niue (Niuē) is a self-governing island country in free association with New Zealand. Israel and Niue are states with limited recognition.
See Israel and Niue
Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (here meaning for literature; Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction" (original den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning).
See Israel and Nobel Prize in Literature
Nof HaGalil
Nof HaGalil (lit; نوف هچليل) is a city in the Northern District of Israel with a population of.
Northern District (Israel)
The Northern District (translit; translit) is one of Israel's six administrative districts.
See Israel and Northern District (Israel)
Norwegian Refugee Council
The Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC; Flyktninghjelpen) is a humanitarian, non-governmental organisation that protects the rights of people affected by displacement.
See Israel and Norwegian Refugee Council
Nuclear weapons and Israel
The State of Israel is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons.
See Israel and Nuclear weapons and Israel
Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic
The 1949 Armistice Agreements, which ended the 1948 Arab–Israeli War by delineating the Green Line as the legal boundary between Israel and the Arab countries, left the Kingdom of Egypt in control of a small swath of territory that it had captured and occupied in the former British Mandate for Palestine: the Gaza Strip.
See Israel and Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic
Ofeq
Ofeq, also spelled Offek or Ofek (אופק, lit. Horizon) is the designation of a series of Israeli reconnaissance satellites first launched in 1988.
See Israel and Ofeq
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is a department of the United Nations Secretariat that works to promote and protect human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
See Israel and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Ofra Haza
Ofra Haza (עפרה חזה.; 19 November 1957 – 23 February 2000) was an Israeli singer, songwriter and actress, commonly known in the Western world as "the Madonna of the East", or "the Israeli Madonna".
Old City of Jerusalem
The Old City of Jerusalem (al-Madīna al-Qadīma, Ha'ír Ha'atiká) is a walled area in East Jerusalem.
See Israel and Old City of Jerusalem
Old Yishuv
The Old Yishuv (היישוב הישן, haYishuv haYashan) were the Jewish communities of the region of Palestine during the Ottoman period, up to the onset of Zionist aliyah waves, and the consolidation of the New Yishuv by the end of World War I. Unlike the New Yishuv, characterized by secular and Zionist ideologies promoting labor and self-sufficiency, the Old Yishuv primarily consisted of religious Jews who relied on external donations (halukka) for support.
Omrides
The Omride dynasty, Omrides or House of Omri (בֵּית עָמְרִי|translit.
Op art
Op art, short for optical art, is a style of visual art that uses optical illusions.
Open University of Israel
The Open University of Israel (האוניברסיטה הפתוחה, Ha-Universita ha-Ptuha) is a distance-education university in Israel.
See Israel and Open University of Israel
Operation Agatha
Operation Agatha (Saturday, June 29, 1946), sometimes called Black Sabbath (השבת השחורה) or Black Saturday because it began on the Jewish sabbath, was a police and military operation conducted by the British authorities in Mandatory Palestine.
See Israel and Operation Agatha
Operation Badr (1973)
Operation Badr (عملية بدر), also known as Plan Badr (خطة بدر), was an Egyptian military offensive and operation across the Suez Canal that destroyed the Bar-Lev Line, a chain of Israeli fortifications along the frontline of the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula, on 6 October 1973.
See Israel and Operation Badr (1973)
Operation Focus
Operation Focus (מבצע מוקד, Mivtza Moked) was the opening airstrike by Israel at the start of the Six-Day War in 1967.
See Israel and Operation Focus
Operation Opera
Operation Opera (מִבְצָע אוֹפֵּרָה.), also known as Operation Babylon, was a surprise airstrike conducted by the Israeli Air Force on 7 June 1981, which destroyed an unfinished Iraqi nuclear reactor located southeast of Baghdad, Iraq.
See Israel and Operation Opera
Operation Outside the Box
Operation Outside the Box (מבצע מחוץ לקופסה, Mivtza MiHutz LaKufsa), also known as Operation Orchard (מבצע בוסתן, Mivtza Bustan), was an Israeli airstrike on a suspected nuclear reactor, Associated Press Latest Update: 04.28.11, 18:10 referred to as the Al Kibar site (also referred to in IAEA documents as Dair Alzour), in the Deir ez-Zor region of Syria, which occurred just after midnight (local time) on 6 September 2007.
See Israel and Operation Outside the Box
Operation Wooden Leg
Operation "Wooden Leg" (מבצע רגל עץ, Mivtza Regel Etz) was an Israeli airstrike on the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) headquarters in Hammam Chott, near Tunis, Tunisia, on 1 October 1985.
See Israel and Operation Wooden Leg
Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism.
See Israel and Orthodox Judaism
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Ottoman Syria
Ottoman Syria (سوريا العثمانية) was a group of divisions of the Ottoman Empire within the region of Syria, usually defined as being east of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the Euphrates River, north of the Arabian Desert and south of the Taurus Mountains.
Outline of Israel
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Israel: Israel – country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
See Israel and Outline of Israel
Paléorient
Paléorient is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on the prehistory and protohistory of southwestern and central Asia.
Palestine (region)
The region of Palestine, also known as Historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia.
See Israel and Palestine (region)
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people; i.e. the globally dispersed population, not just those in the Palestinian territories who are represented by the Palestinian Authority.
See Israel and Palestine Liberation Organization
Palestine Police Force
The Palestine Police Force was a British colonial police service established in Mandatory Palestine on 1 July 1920,Sinclair, 2006.
See Israel and Palestine Police Force
Palestinian Authority
The Palestinian Authority, officially known as the Palestinian National Authority or the State of Palestine, is the Fatah-controlled government body that exercises partial civil control over the Palestinian enclaves in the Israeli-occupied West Bank as a consequence of the 1993–1995 Oslo Accords.
See Israel and Palestinian Authority
Palestinian fedayeen
Palestinian fedayeen (fidā'iyūn) are militants or guerrillas of a nationalist orientation from among the Palestinian people.
See Israel and Palestinian fedayeen
Palestinian identity
Prior to the rise of nationalism during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the term Palestinian referred to any person born in or living in Palestine, regardless of their ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious affiliations.
See Israel and Palestinian identity
Palestinian political violence
Palestinian political violence refers to actions carried out by Palestinians with the intent to achieve political objectives that can involve the use of force, some of which are considered acts of terror, and often carried out in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
See Israel and Palestinian political violence
Palestinian refugees
Palestinian refugees are citizens of Mandatory Palestine, and their descendants, who fled or were expelled from their country over the course of the 1947–1949 Palestine war (1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight) and the Six-Day War (1967 Palestinian exodus).
See Israel and Palestinian refugees
Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
Since 2001, Palestinian militants have launched tens of thousands of rocket and mortar attacks on Israel from the Gaza Strip as part of the continuing Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
See Israel and Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
Palestinians
Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.
Paralympic Games
The Paralympic Games or Paralympics, also known as the Games of the Paralympiad, is a periodic series of international multisport events involving athletes with a range of disabilities.
See Israel and Paralympic Games
Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.
See Israel and Parliamentary system
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD.
See Israel and Parthian Empire
Peasants' revolt in Palestine
The Peasants' Revolt was a rebellion against Egyptian conscription and taxation policies in Palestine.
See Israel and Peasants' revolt in Palestine
Peking Man
Peking Man (Homo erectus pekinensis) is a subspecies of H. erectus which inhabited the Zhoukoudian cave site in modern northern China during the Chibanian.
People of the Book
People of the Book or Ahl al-kitāb (أهل الكتاب) is an Islamic term referring to followers of those religions which Muslims regard as having been guided by previous revelations, generally in the form of a scripture.
See Israel and People of the Book
Perushim
The perushim (פרושים) were Jewish disciples of the Vilna Gaon, Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, who left Lithuania at the beginning of the 19th century to settle in the Land of Israel, which was then part of Ottoman Syria.
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
See Israel and Pew Research Center
Philistines
The Philistines (Pəlīštīm; LXX: Phulistieím; Philistaei) were an ancient people who lived on the south coast of Canaan during the Iron Age in a confederation of city-states generally referred to as Philistia.
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry.
Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek φυτόν, phytón.
Pinchas Zukerman
Pinchas Zukerman (פנחס צוקרמן, born 16 July 1948) is an Israeli-American violinist, violist and conductor.
See Israel and Pinchas Zukerman
Pizza
Pizza is an Italian dish typically consisting of a flat base of leavened wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven.
See Israel and Pizza
Pogrom
A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews.
Policy of deliberate ambiguity
In the context of global politics, a policy of deliberate ambiguity (also known as a policy of strategic ambiguity or strategic uncertainty) is the practice by a government or non-state actor of being deliberately ambiguous with regard to all or certain aspects of its operational or positional policies.
See Israel and Policy of deliberate ambiguity
Pop rock
Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is a fusion genre and form of rock music characterized by a strong commercial appeal, with more emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude than standard rock music.
Pope
The pope (papa, from lit) is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church.
See Israel and Pope
Population statistics for Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip
Population statistics for former Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip, which were evacuated in 2005 as part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan.
See Israel and Population statistics for Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip
Population statistics for Israeli settlements in the West Bank
The population statistics for Israeli settlements in the West Bank are collected by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics.
See Israel and Population statistics for Israeli settlements in the West Bank
Pork
Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig (Sus domesticus).
See Israel and Pork
Port of Ashdod
The Port of Ashdod (נמל אשדוד) is one of Israel's three main cargo ports.
Port of Eilat
The Port of Eilat (נמל אילת) is the only Israeli port on the Red Sea, located at the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba.
Port of Haifa
The Port of Haifa (translit) is the largest of Israel's three major international seaports, the others being the Port of Ashdod, and the Port of Eilat.
Precedent
Precedent is a principle or rule established in a legal case that becomes authoritative to a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar legal issues or facts.
President of Israel
The president of the State of Israel (Nesi Medinat Yisra'el, or Nesi HaMedina President of the State) is the head of state of Israel.
See Israel and President of Israel
Prime Minister of Israel
The prime minister of Israel (Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: רה״מ; رئيس الحكومة, Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma) is the head of government and chief executive of the State of Israel.
See Israel and Prime Minister of Israel
Proportional representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body.
See Israel and Proportional representation
Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron
The Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron, also known as the Hebron Protocol or Hebron Agreement, was signed on 17 January 1997 by Israel, represented by Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), represented by PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat, under the supervision of U.S.
See Israel and Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron
Protocol of Sèvres
The Protocol of Sèvres (French, Protocole de Sèvres) was a secret agreement reached between the governments of Israel, France and the United Kingdom during discussions held between 22 and 24 October 1956 at Sèvres, France.
See Israel and Protocol of Sèvres
Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) or Ptolemaic Empire was an Ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.
See Israel and Ptolemaic Kingdom
Public holidays in Israel
For exact dates in the Gregorian calendar see Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050. Public holidays in Israel are national holidays officially recognized by the Knesset, Israel's parliament.
See Israel and Public holidays in Israel
Python (missile)
The Rafael Python (פיתון) is a family of air-to-air missiles (AAMs) built by the Israeli weapons manufacturer Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, formerly RAFAEL Armament Development Authority.
See Israel and Python (missile)
Rachel Bluwstein
Rachel Bluwstein Sela (20 September (Julian calendar) 1890 – 16 April 1931) was a Hebrew-language poet who immigrated to Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire, in 1909.
See Israel and Rachel Bluwstein
Rachel's Tomb
Rachel's Tomb (Qǝbūrat Rāḥēl; Modern קבר רחל Qever Raḥel; قبر راحيل Qabr Rāḥīl) is a site revered as the burial place of the Biblical matriarch Rachel.
Rail transport in Israel
Rail transport in Israel includes heavy rail (inter-city, commuter, and freight rail) as well as light rail.
See Israel and Rail transport in Israel
Ramla
Ramla or Ramle (רַמְלָה, Ramlā; الرملة, ar-Ramleh) is a city in the Central District of Israel.
See Israel and Ramla
Random House
Random House is an imprint and publishing group of Penguin Random House.
Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Israel and Rashidun Caliphate
Reclaimed water
Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater or sewage and industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes.
See Israel and Reclaimed water
Reconnaissance satellite
A reconnaissance satellite or intelligence satellite (commonly, although unofficially, referred to as a spy satellite) is an Earth observation satellite or communications satellite deployed for military or intelligence applications.
See Israel and Reconnaissance satellite
Red Sea
The Red Sea is a sea inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
Red Sea Jazz Festival
The Red Sea Jazz Festival is a jazz festival held annually in Eilat, Israel.
See Israel and Red Sea Jazz Festival
Religion in ancient Rome
Religion in ancient Rome consisted of varying imperial and provincial religious practices, which were followed both by the people of Rome as well as those who were brought under its rule.
See Israel and Religion in ancient Rome
Religion in Israel
Religion in Israel is manifested primarily in Judaism, the ethnic religion of the Jewish people.
See Israel and Religion in Israel
Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork
Pork is a food taboo among Jews, Muslims, and some Christian denominations.
See Israel and Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork
Religious significance of Jerusalem
The city of Jerusalem is sacred to many religious traditions, including the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam which consider it a holy city.
See Israel and Religious significance of Jerusalem
Religious tourism
Religious tourism, spiritual tourism, sacred tourism, or faith tourism, is a type of tourism with two main subtypes: pilgrimage, meaning travel for religious or spiritual purposes, and the viewing of religious monuments and artefacts, a branch of sightseeing.
See Israel and Religious tourism
Religious Zionism
Religious Zionism (Tziyonut Datit) is an ideology that views Zionism as a fundamental component of Orthodox Judaism.
See Israel and Religious Zionism
Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany
The Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany (Luxemburger Abkommen, "Luxembourg Agreement", or Wiedergutmachungsabkommen, "Wiedergutmachung Agreement"; Heskem HaShillumim, "Reparations Agreement") was signed on September 10, 1952, and entered in force on March 27, 1953.
See Israel and Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany
Repertory theatre
A repertory theatre, also called repertory, rep, true rep or stock, which are also called producing theatres, is a theatre in which a resident company presents works from a specified repertoire, usually in alternation or rotation.
See Israel and Repertory theatre
Reporters Without Borders
Reporters Without Borders (RWB; Reporters sans frontières; RSF) is an international non-profit and non-governmental organization focused on safeguarding the right to freedom of information.
See Israel and Reporters Without Borders
Reprisal operations
Reprisal operations (פעולות התגמול) were raids carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in the 1950s and 1960s in response to frequent fedayeen attacks during which armed Arab militants infiltrated Israel from Syria, Egypt, and Jordan to carry out attacks on Israeli civilians and soldiers.
See Israel and Reprisal operations
Research and development
Research and development (R&D or R+D; also known in Europe as research and technological development or RTD) is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products and carrier science computer marketplace e-commerce, copy center and service maintenance troubleshooting software, hardware improving existing ones.
See Israel and Research and development
Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances.
See Israel and Reverse osmosis
Revival of the Hebrew language
The revival of the Hebrew language took place in Europe and the Southern Levant region toward the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, through which the language's usage changed from purely the sacred language of Judaism to a spoken and written language used for daily life in Israel.
See Israel and Revival of the Hebrew language
Rice
Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa.
See Israel and Rice
Rishon LeZion
Rishon LeZion (רִאשׁוֹן לְצִיּוֹן, "First to Zion") is a city in Israel, located along the central Israeli coastal plain south of Tel Aviv.
Roads in Israel
Israel has a well-developed road network spanning the entire country.
See Israel and Roads in Israel
Rockefeller Archeological Museum
The Rockefeller Archeological Museum, formerly the Palestine Archaeological Museum ("PAM"; 1938–1967), is an archaeology museum located in East Jerusalem, next to Herod's Gate, that houses a large collection of artifacts unearthed in the excavations conducted in the British-ruled Mandatory Palestine, mainly in the 1920s and 1930s.
See Israel and Rockefeller Archeological Museum
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
Roman–Parthian Wars
The Roman–Parthian Wars (54 BC – 217 AD) were a series of conflicts between the Parthian Empire and the Roman Republic and Roman Empire.
See Israel and Roman–Parthian Wars
Rome Statute
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court is the treaty that established the International Criminal Court (ICC).
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.
Sabra (person)
A sabra or tzabar (צַבָּר, plural: tzabarim) is a modern Hebrew term that defines any Jew born in Israel.
Sabra and Shatila massacre
The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the 16–18 September 1982 killing of between 1,300 and 3,500 civiliansmostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiasin the city of Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War.
See Israel and Sabra and Shatila massacre
Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003.
Safed
Safed (also known as Tzfat; צְפַת, Ṣəfaṯ; صفد, Ṣafad) is a city in the Northern District of Israel.
See Israel and Safed
Saint George
Saint George (Geṓrgios;Geʽez: ጊዮርጊስ, Geōrgius, გიორგი, Ge'orgiyos, Mar Giwargis, translit died 23 April 303), also George of Lydda, was an early Christian martyr who is venerated as a saint in Christianity.
Salad
A salad is a dish consisting of mixed ingredients, frequently vegetables.
See Israel and Salad
Salih
Saleh (translit) is a prophet mentioned in the Quran who prophesied to the tribe of Thamud in ancient Arabia, before the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Israel and Salih
Samaria
Samaria is the Hellenized form of the Hebrew name Shomron (translit), used as a historical and biblical name for the central region of Israel, bordered by Judea to the south and Galilee to the north.
Samaritanism
Samaritanism is an Abrahamic monotheistic ethnic religion.
Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem
The Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem or Sasanian conquest of Palestine was a significant event in the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, having taken place in early 614.
See Israel and Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem
Satellite
A satellite or artificial satellite is an object, typically a spacecraft, placed into orbit around a celestial body.
Satellite imagery
Satellite images (also Earth observation imagery, spaceborne photography, or simply satellite photo) are images of Earth collected by imaging satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world.
See Israel and Satellite imagery
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. Israel and Saudi Arabia are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries and west Asian countries.
Save a Child's Heart
Save a Child's Heart (SACH) is an Israeli humanitarian organisation providing cardiac healthcare to children worldwide.
See Israel and Save a Child's Heart
Schnitzel
Schnitzel is a thin slice of meat.
School life expectancy
School life expectancy is a measure of how many years of education a child of school-entering age would receive during their lifetime if the school enrollment rates stay the same as of today.
See Israel and School life expectancy
School of Paris
The School of Paris (École de Paris) refers to the French and émigré artists who worked in Paris in the first half of the 20th century.
See Israel and School of Paris
Science and technology in Israel
Science and technology in Israel is one of the country's most developed sectors.
See Israel and Science and technology in Israel
Scientific literature
Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences.
See Israel and Scientific literature
Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee (יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, Judeo-Aramaic: יַמּא דטבריא, גִּנֵּיסַר, بحيرة طبريا), also called Lake Tiberias or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel.
Second Aliyah
The Second Aliyah (HaAliyah HaShniya) was an aliyah (Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel) that took place between 1904 and 1914, during which approximately 35,000 Jews, mostly from Russia, with some from Yemen, immigrated into Ottoman Palestine.
Second Intifada
The Second Intifada (lit; האינתיפאדה השנייה), also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada, was a major uprising by Palestinians against the Israeli occupation, characterized by a period of heightened violence in the Palestinian territories and Israel between 2000 and 2005.
See Israel and Second Intifada
Second strike
In nuclear strategy, a retaliatory strike or second-strike capability is a country's assured ability to respond to a nuclear attack with powerful nuclear retaliation against the attacker.
Second Temple
The Second Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem, in use between and its destruction in 70 CE.
Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.
See Israel and Seleucid Empire
Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (سلجوقیان Saljuqian, alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire." or the Saljuqids, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture in West Asia and Central Asia.
Semi-arid climate
A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type.
See Israel and Semi-arid climate
Sephardic Jewish cuisine
Sephardic Jewish cuisine, belonging to the Sephardic Jews—descendants of the Jewish population of the Iberian Peninsula until their late 15th-century expulsion—encompassing traditional dishes developed as they resettled in the Ottoman Empire, North Africa, and the Mediterranean, including Jewish communities in Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, and Syria, as well as the Sephardic community in the Land of Israel.
See Israel and Sephardic Jewish cuisine
Sephardic Jews
Sephardic Jews (Djudíos Sefardíes), also known as Sephardi Jews or Sephardim, and rarely as Iberian Peninsular Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal).
Sephardic music
Sephardic music is an umbrella term used to refer to the music of the Sephardic Jewish community.
See Israel and Sephardic music
Septuagint
The Septuagint, sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (Hē metáphrasis tôn Hebdomḗkonta), and often abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew.
Shabbat
Shabbat (or; Šabbāṯ) or the Sabbath, also called Shabbos by Ashkenazim, is Judaism's day of rest on the seventh day of the week—i.e., Saturday.
Shakshouka
Shakshouka (شكشوكة: šakšūkah, also spelled shakshuka or chakchouka) is a Maghrebi dish of eggs poached in a sauce of tomatoes, olive oil, peppers, onion, and garlic, commonly spiced with cumin, paprika and cayenne pepper.
Sharia
Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.
Sharon plain
The Sharon plain (translit) is the central section of the Israeli coastal plain.
Shavit 2
Shavit 2 (Hebrew: "comet" – שביט) is a small lift launch vehicle produced by Israel from 1982 onwards, to launch satellites into low Earth orbit.
Sheikh
Sheikh (shaykh,, شُيُوخ, shuyūkh) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder".
Sherut Leumi
Sherut Leumi (lit) is an alternative voluntary form of national service in Israel, as opposed to the mandatory military conscription prevalent in the country.
Shimon Peres
Shimon Peres (שמעון פרס; born Szymon Perski,; 2 August 1923 – 28 September 2016) was an Israeli politician and statesman who served as the eighth prime minister of Israel from 1984 to 1986 and from 1995 to 1996 and as the ninth president of Israel from 2007 to 2014.
Shmuel Yosef Agnon
Shmuel Yosef Agnon (שמואל יוסף עגנון; August 8, 1887 – February 17, 1970) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Israeli novelist, poet, and short-story writer.
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Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh
The Mansion of Bahjí (قصر بهجي, Qasr Bahjī, mansion of delight) is a summer house in Acre, Israel where Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, died in 1892.
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Shrine of the Báb
The Shrine of the Báb is a structure on the slopes of Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel, where the remains of the Báb, founder of the Bábí Faith and forerunner of Baháʼu'lláh in the Baháʼí Faith, are buried; it is considered to be the second holiest place on Earth for Baháʼís, after the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh in Acre.
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Siege of Acre (1799)
The siege of Acre of 1799 was an unsuccessful French siege of the Ottoman city of Acre (now Akko in modern Israel) and was the turning point of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt and Syria, along with the Battle of the Nile.
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Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)
The siege of Jerusalem (circa 589–587 BC) was the final event of the Judahite revolts against Babylon, in which Nebuchadnezzar II, king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, besieged Jerusalem, the capital city of the Kingdom of Judah.
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Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)
The Siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea.
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Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley is a region in Northern California that is a global center for high technology and innovation.
Silicon Wadi
Silicon Wadi (סִילִיקוֹן וָאדִי) is a region in Israel that serves as one of the global centres for advanced technology.
Simon & Schuster
Simon & Schuster LLC is an American publishing company owned by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.
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Sinai and Palestine campaign
The Sinai and Palestine campaign was part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, taking place between January 1915 and October 1918.
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Sinai Peninsula
The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai (سِينَاء; سينا; Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.
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Six-Day War
The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 June 1967.
Slate (magazine)
Slate is an online magazine that covers current affairs, politics, and culture in the United States.
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Solar energy
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar power to generate electricity, solar thermal energy (including solar water heating), and solar architecture.
Solar power in Israel
The use of solar energy began in Israel in the 1950s with the development by Levi Yissar of a solar water heater to address the energy shortages that plagued the new country.
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Solo Man
Solo Man (Homo erectus soloensis) is a subspecies of H. erectus that lived along the Solo River in Java, Indonesia, about 117,000 to 108,000 years ago in the Late Pleistocene.
South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
The South Lebanon conflict, designated by Israel as the Security Zone in Lebanon Campaign,, Times of Israel, Nov 4, 2020.
See Israel and South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
Southern District (Israel)
The Southern District (מחוז הדרום, Meḥoz HaDarom; لواء الجنوب) is one of Israel's six administrative districts, the largest in terms of land area but the most sparsely populated.
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Southern Levant
The Southern Levant is a geographical region encompassing the southern half of the Levant. Israel and southern Levant are Levant.
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Southern Syria
Southern Syria (سوريا الجنوبية) is the southern part of the Syria region, roughly corresponding to the Southern Levant.
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
Space Shuttle Columbia
Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) was a Space Shuttle orbiter manufactured by Rockwell International and operated by NASA.
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Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
On Saturday, February 1, 2003, Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disintegrated as it reentered the atmosphere over Texas and Louisiana, killing all seven astronauts on board.
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Spanish Inquisition
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.
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Speaker of the Knesset
The Speaker of the Knesset (Yoshev Rosh HaKnesset, Chairman of the Knesset) is the presiding officer of the Knesset, the unicameral legislature of Israel.
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Spike (missile)
Spike (Hebrew: ספייק) is an Israeli fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile and anti-personnel missile with a tandem-charge high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead., it is in its sixth generation.https://www.rafael.co.il/system/spike-nlos/ It was developed and designed by the Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.
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Startup company
A startup or start-up is a company or project undertaken by an entrepreneur to seek, develop, and validate a scalable business model.
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State of Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in the southern Levant region of West Asia, encompassing the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, within the larger historic Palestine region. Israel and State of Palestine are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, eastern Mediterranean, Levant, middle Eastern countries, Republics, states with limited recognition and west Asian countries.
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Status of Jerusalem
The status of Jerusalem has been described as "one of the most intractable issues in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict" due to the long-running territorial dispute between Israel and the Palestinians, both of which claim it as their capital city.
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Straits of Tiran
The Straits of Tiran (مضيق تيران) are the narrow sea passages between the Sinai and Arabian peninsulas that connect the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea.
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Submarine power cable
A submarine power cable is a transmission cable for carrying electric power below the surface of the water.
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Subtitles
Subtitles are texts representing the contents of the audio in a film, television show, opera or other audiovisual media.
Sudan
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. Israel and Sudan are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language and member states of the United Nations.
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Suez Canal
The Suez Canal (قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest of Egypt).
Suez Crisis
The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and as the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956.
Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman I (Süleyman-ı Evvel; I.,; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in Western Europe and Suleiman the Lawgiver (Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.
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Suntech Power
Suntech Power Holdings Co., Ltd.
Supreme Court of Israel
The Supreme Court of Israel (Hebrew acronym Bagatz; al-Maḥkama al-‘Ulyā) is the highest court in Israel.
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Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. Israel and Syria are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, eastern Mediterranean, Levant, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries and west Asian countries.
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Syria Palaestina
Syria Palaestina (Syría hē Palaistínē) was a Roman province in the Palestine region between the early 2nd and late 4th centuries AD. Israel and Syria Palaestina are political entities in the Land of Israel.
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Tal Committee
The Tal Committee was an Israeli public committee appointed on 22 August 1999 which dealt with the special exemption from mandatory military service in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) given to Israeli ultra-Orthodox Jews which had been the status quo from the time of Ben Gurion, as well as extending mandatory military service to Israeli-Arabs.
Talmud
The Talmud (תַּלְמוּד|Talmūḏ|teaching) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.
Tamar gas field
The Tamar gas field is a natural gas field in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Israel.
See Israel and Tamar gas field
Tanzimat
The (lit, see nizam) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
The Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (הטכניון – מכון טכנולוגי לישראל) is a public research university located in Haifa, Israel.
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Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo (translit,; translit), usually referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel.
Tel Aviv District
The Tel Aviv District (מָחוֹז תֵּל אָבִיב; منطقة تل أبيب) is the geographically smallest yet also the most densely populated of the six administrative districts of Israel, with a population of 1.35 million residents.
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Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv University (TAU; אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטַת תֵּל אָבִיב, Universitat Tel Aviv, جامعة تل أبيب, Jami’at Tel Abib) is a public research university in Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Temple Mount
The Temple Mount (lit), also known as Haram al-Sharif (Arabic: الحرمالشريف, lit. 'The Noble Sanctuary'), al-Aqsa Mosque compound, or simply al-Aqsa (المسجد الأقصى, al-Masjid al-Aqṣā, lit. 'The Furthest Mosque'),* Where Heaven and Earth Meet, p. 13: "Nowadays, while oral usage of the term Haram persists, Palestinians tend to use in formal texts the name Masjid al-Aqsa, habitually rendered into English as 'the Aqsa Mosque'.".
Tertiary education
Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education.
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The Diplomat
The Diplomat is an international online news magazine covering politics, society, and culture in the Indo-Pacific region.
The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
The Forward
The Forward (Forverts), formerly known as The Jewish Daily Forward, is an American news media organization for a Jewish American audience.
The Holocaust
The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.
The Jerusalem Post
The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, founded in 1932 during the British Mandate of Palestine by Gershon Agron as The Palestine Post.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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The Sergeants affair
The Sergeants affair (פרשת הסרג'נטים) was an incident that took place in Mandate Palestine in July 1947 during Jewish insurgency in Palestine, in which the Jewish underground group Irgun kidnapped two British Army Intelligence Corps NCOs, Sergeant Clifford Martin and Sergeant Mervyn Paice, and threatened to hang them if the death sentences passed on three Irgun militants—Avshalom Haviv, Meir Nakar, and Yaakov Weiss—were carried out.
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The Syrian Bride
The Syrian Bride (HaKala HaSurit) is a 2004 film directed by Eran Riklis.
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The Times of India
The Times of India, also known by its abbreviation TOI, is an Indian English-language daily newspaper and digital news media owned and managed by The Times Group.
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The Weather Channel
The Weather Channel (TWC) is an American pay television channel owned by Weather Group, LLC, a subsidiary of Allen Media Group.
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Third Aliyah
The Third Aliyah (HaAliyah HaShlishit) refers to the third wave, or aliyah, of modern Jewish immigration to Palestine from Europe.
Third Mithridatic War
The Third Mithridatic War (73–63 BC), the last and longest of the three Mithridatic Wars, was fought between Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman Republic.
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Thomas L. Thompson
Thomas L. Thompson (born January 7, 1939, in Detroit, Michigan) is an American-born Danish biblical scholar and theologian.
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Thurston Clarke
Thurston Clarke (born 1946) is an American historian, author and journalist.
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Tiberias
Tiberias (טְבֶרְיָה,; Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.
Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
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Timeline of first orbital launches by country
This is a timeline of first orbital launches by country.
See Israel and Timeline of first orbital launches by country
Tirat Zvi
Tirat Zvi (טִירַת צְבִי, lit. Zvi Castle) is a religious kibbutz in the Beit She'an Valley, ten kilometers south of the city of Beit She'an, Israel, just west of the Jordan River and the Israel-Jordan border.
Torah
The Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
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Transform fault
A transform fault or transform boundary, is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal.
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Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty intended to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament.
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Trial court
A trial court or court of first instance is a court having original jurisdiction, in which trials take place.
Triangle (Israel)
The Triangle (המשולש, HaMeshulash; المثلث, al-Muthallath), formerly referred to as the Little Triangle, is a concentration of Israeli Arab towns and villages adjacent to the Green Line, located in the eastern Sharon plain among the Samarian foothills; this area is located within the easternmost boundaries of both the Central District and Haifa District.
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Ubeidiya prehistoric site
'Ubeidiya (`Ubaydiyya; עובידיה), some 3 km south of the Sea of Galilee, in the Jordan Rift Valley, Israel, is an archaeological site of the early Pleistocene, years ago, preserving traces of one of the earliest migrations of Homo erectus out of Africa, with (as of 2014) only the site of Dmanisi in Georgia being older.
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UEFA
The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA; Union des associations européennes de football; Union der europäischen Fußballverbände) is one of six continental bodies of governance in association football.
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UEFA Champions League
The UEFA Champions League (abbreviated as UCL) is an annual club association football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and contested by top-division European clubs, deciding the competition winners through a round robin group stage to qualify for a double-legged knockout format, and a single leg final.
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UEFA Europa League
The UEFA Europa League (previously known as the UEFA Cup), abbreviated as UEL or sometimes UEFA EL, is an annual football club competition organised since 1971 by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) for eligible European football clubs.
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Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
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Unicameralism
Unicameralism (from uni- "one" + Latin camera "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one.
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
United Nations Emergency Force
The United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) was a military and peacekeeping operation established by the United Nations General Assembly to secure an end to the Suez Crisis of 1956 through the establishment of international peacekeepers on the border between Egypt and Israel.
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United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ.
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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 273
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 273 was adopted on May 11, 1949, during the second part of the third session of the United Nations General Assembly, to admit the State of Israel to membership in the United Nations.
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United Nations Human Rights Council
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world.
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United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (قوة الأممالمتحدة المؤقتة في لبنان, כוח האו"ם הזמני בלבנון), or UNIFIL (يونيفيل, יוניפי״ל), is a UN peacekeeping mission established on 19 March 1978 by United Nations Security Council Resolutions 425 and 426, to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon which Israel had invaded five days prior, in order to ensure that the government of Lebanon would restore its effective authority in the area.
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United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was a proposal by the United Nations, which recommended a partition of Mandatory Palestine at the end of the British Mandate.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 is a resolution that was intended to resolve the 2006 Lebanon War.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 242
United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on November 22, 1967, in the aftermath of the Six-Day War.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 478
United Nations Security Council Resolution 478, adopted on 20 August 1980, is the last of seven UNSC resolutions condemning Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem.
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United Nations special rapporteur
Special rapporteur (or independent expert) is the title given to independent human rights experts whose expertise is called upon by the United Nations (UN) to report or advise on human rights from a thematic or country-specific perspective.
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United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
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Universal suffrage
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the "one person, one vote" principle.
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University of Haifa
The University of Haifa (אוניברסיטת חיפה, جامعة حيفا) is a public research university located on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel.
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University Press of America
University Press of America was an academic imprint of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group that specialized in the publication of scholarly works.
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Vassal state
A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe.
Walid Khalidi
Walid Khalidi (وليد خالدي, born 1925) is a Palestinian historian who has written extensively on the Palestinian exodus.
War crime
A war crime is a violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally killing civilians or intentionally killing prisoners of war, torture, taking hostages, unnecessarily destroying civilian property, deception by perfidy, wartime sexual violence, pillaging, and for any individual that is part of the command structure who orders any attempt to committing mass killings including genocide or ethnic cleansing, the granting of no quarter despite surrender, the conscription of children in the military and flouting the legal distinctions of proportionality and military necessity.
War of Attrition
The War of Attrition (Ḥarb al-Istinzāf; Milḥemet haHatashah) involved fighting between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and their allies from 1967 to 1970.
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War over Water (Jordan River)
The War over Water, also known as the Battle over Water, was a series of confrontations between Israel and its Arab neighbors from November 1964 to May 1967 over control of water sources in the Jordan River drainage basin.
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Wars of Alexander the Great
The wars of Alexander the Great (Greek: Πόλεμοι τουΜεγάλουΑλεξάνδρου) were a series of conquests that were carried out by Alexander III of Macedon from 336 BC to 323 BC.
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Water conservation
Water conservation aims to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, protect the hydrosphere, and meet current and future human demand.
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Water export
Water exports involve exporting freshwater from one country to another.
Water industry
The water industry provides drinking water and wastewater services (including sewage treatment) to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the economy.
Water supply and sanitation in Israel
Water supply and sanitation in Israel are intricately linked to the historical development of Israel.
See Israel and Water supply and sanitation in Israel
Weizmann Institute of Science
The Weizmann Institute of Science (מכון ויצמן למדע Machon Weizmann LeMada) is a public research university in Rehovot, Israel, established in 1934, fourteen years before the State of Israel was founded.
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West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
West Bank
The West Bank (aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; HaGadáh HaMaʽarávit), so called due to its location relative to the Jordan River, is the larger of the two Palestinian territories (the other being the Gaza Strip).
West Bank areas in the Oslo II Accord
The Oslo II Accord divided the Israeli-occupied West Bank into three administrative divisions: the Palestinian enclaves as "Areas A and B" and the remainder, including Israeli settlements, as "Area C".
See Israel and West Bank areas in the Oslo II Accord
West Jerusalem
West Jerusalem or Western Jerusalem (al-Quds al-Ġarbiyyah) refers to the section of Jerusalem that was controlled by Israel at the end of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Western Wall
The Western Wall (the western wall, often shortened to the Kotel or Kosel), known in the West as the Wailing Wall, and in Islam as the Buraq Wall (Arabic: حَائِط ٱلْبُرَاق, Ḥā'iṭ al-Burāq), is a portion of ancient limestone wall in the Old City of Jerusalem that forms part of the larger retaining wall of the hill known to Jews and Christians as the Temple Mount.
White City, Tel Aviv
The White City (העיר הלבנה, Ha-Ir ha-Levana; المدينة البيضاء Al-Madinah al-Baydha’a) is a collection of over 4,000 buildings in Tel Aviv from the 1930s built in a unique form of the International Style, commonly known as Bauhaus, by German Jewish architects who fled to the British Mandate of Palestine from Germany (and other Central and East European countries with German cultural influences) after the rise to power of the Nazis.
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White Mosque of Ramle
The White Mosque (al-Masjid al-Abyad; HaMisgad HaLavan) was an Umayyad-era mosque located in Ramle, Israel.
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White Paper of 1939
The White Paper of 1939Occasionally also known as the MacDonald White Paper (e.g. Caplan, 2015, p.117) after Malcolm MacDonald, the British Colonial Secretary, who presided over its creation.
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Workweek and weekend
The weekdays and weekend are the complementary parts of the week devoted to labour and rest, respectively.
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World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental organization, think tank, and lobbying organisation based in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
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World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
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World Press Freedom Index
The World Press Freedom Index (WPFI) is an annual ranking of countries compiled and published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) since 2002 based upon the organization's own assessment of the countries' press freedom records in the previous year.
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World Team Chess Championship
The World Team Chess Championship is an international team chess event, eligible for the participation of 10 countries whose chess federations dominate their continent.
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World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Wye River Memorandum
The Wye River Memorandum was an agreement negotiated between Israel and the Palestinian Authority at a summit in Wye River, Maryland, U.S., held 15–23 October 1998.
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Yad Vashem
Yad Vashem (יָד וַשֵׁם) is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.
Yahweh
Yahweh was an ancient Levantine deity, and the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah, later the god of Judaism and its other descendant Abrahamic religions.
Yariv Levin
Yariv Gideon Levin (born 22 June 1969) is an Israeli lawyer and politician who serves as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Justice.
Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his kunya Abu Ammar, was a Palestinian political leader.
Yedioth Ahronoth
(יְדִיעוֹת אַחֲרוֹנוֹת,; lit. "Latest News") is an Israeli daily newspaper published in Tel Aviv.
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Yehud Medinata
Yehud Medinata, also called Yehud Medinta or simply Yehud, was an autonomous administrative division of the Achaemenid Empire. Israel and Yehud Medinata are political entities in the Land of Israel.
Yehuda Amichai
Yehuda Amichai (יהודה עמיחי; born Ludwig Pfeuffer 3 May 1924 – 22 September 2000) was an Israeli poet and author, one of the first to write in colloquial Hebrew in modern times.
Yerida
Yerida (ירידה yerida, "descent") is emigration by Jews from the State of Israel (or in religious texts, Land of Israel).
Yiddish
Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish or idish,,; ייִדיש-טײַטש, historically also Yidish-Taytsh) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.
Yiddish theatre
Yiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Central European Ashkenazi Jewish community.
See Israel and Yiddish theatre
Yigal Amir
Yigal Amir (יגאל עמיר; born May 31, 1970) is an Israeli right-wing extremist who assassinated incumbent Prime Minister of Israel, Yitzhak Rabin on November 4, 1995, at the conclusion of a rally in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Yishuv
Yishuv (lit), HaYishuv HaIvri (Hebrew settlement), or HaYishuv HaYehudi Be'Eretz Yisra'el denotes the body of Jewish residents in Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.
Yitzhak Frenkel
Yitzhak Frenkel (יצחק פרנקל; 1899–1981), also known as Isaac Frenkel or Alexandre Frenel, was an Israeli painter, sculptor and teacher.
See Israel and Yitzhak Frenkel
Yitzhak Rabin
Yitzhak Rabin (יִצְחָק רַבִּין,; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general.
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was an armed conflict fought from 6 to 25 October 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria.
YouGov
YouGov plc is a British international Internet-based market research and data analytics firm headquartered in the UK with operations in Europe, North America, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific.
Za'atar
Za'atar (زَعْتَر) is a Levantine culinary herb or family of herbs.
Zahir al-Umar
Zahir al-Umar al-Zaydani, alternatively spelled Daher al-Omar or Dahir al-Umar (translit, 1689/90 – 21 or 22 August 1775), was an Arab ruler of northern Palestine in the mid-18th century, while the region was part of the Ottoman Empire.
ZAKA
ZAKA (זק"א, abbreviation for Zihuy Korbanot Ason) is a series of voluntary community emergency response teams in Israel, each operating in a police district (two in the Central District due to geographic considerations).
See Israel and ZAKA
Zeev Ben-Zvi
Zeev Ben-Zvi (1904–1952) (זאב בן-צבי2) was a Polish-Israeli sculptor born in Ryki, Poland, whose work influenced a generation of sculptors.
Zion
Zion (צִיּוֹן Ṣīyyōn, LXX Σιών, also variously transliterated Sion, Tzion, Tsion, Tsiyyon) is a placename in the Hebrew Bible, often used as a synonym for Jerusalem as well as for the Land of Israel as a whole.
See Israel and Zion
Zionism
Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside of Europe.
Zionist political violence
Zionist political violence refers to acts of violence or terrorism committed by Zionists in support of establishing and maintaining a Jewish state in Palestine.
See Israel and Zionist political violence
Zohar
The Zohar (זֹהַר, Zōhar, lit. "Splendor" or "Radiance") is a foundational work of Kabbalistic literature.
See Israel and Zohar
.il
.il is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of Israel, administered by the Israel Internet Association and managed by, which hosts the DNS root server and manages the Israeli Internet Exchange, that supports IPv4 and IPv6.
See Israel and .il
1920 Nebi Musa riots
The 1920 Nebi Musa riots or 1920 Jerusalem riots took place in British-controlled part of Occupied Enemy Territory Administration between Sunday, 4 April, and Wednesday, 7 April 1920 in and around the Old City of Jerusalem.
See Israel and 1920 Nebi Musa riots
1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
A popular uprising by Palestinian Arabs in Mandatory Palestine against the British administration of the Palestine Mandate, later known as the Great Revolt, the Great Palestinian Revolt, or the Palestinian Revolution, lasted from 1936 until 1939.
See Israel and 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
1947 Jerusalem riots
The 1947 Jerusalem Riots occurred following the vote in the UN General Assembly in favour of the 1947 UN Partition Plan on 29 November 1947.
See Israel and 1947 Jerusalem riots
1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
The 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine was the first phase of the 1947–1949 Palestine war.
See Israel and 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
1948 Arab–Israeli War
The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War, followed the civil war in Mandatory Palestine as the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war.
See Israel and 1948 Arab–Israeli War
1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
In the 1948 Palestine war, more than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs – about half of Mandatory Palestine's predominantly Arab population – were expelled or fled from their homes, at first by Zionist paramilitaries, and after the establishment of Israel, by its military.
See Israel and 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
1949 Armistice Agreements
The 1949 Armistice Agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt, UN Doc S/1264/Corr.1 23 February 1949 Lebanon, UN Doc S/1296 23 March 1949 Jordan, UN Doc S/1302/Rev.1 3 April 1949 and Syria.
See Israel and 1949 Armistice Agreements
1964 AFC Asian Cup
The 1964 AFC Asian Cup was the 3rd edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
See Israel and 1964 AFC Asian Cup
1968 Summer Paralympics
The 1968 Summer Paralympics (המשחקים הפאראלימפיים בקיץ 1968) were the third Paralympic Games to be held.
See Israel and 1968 Summer Paralympics
1970 FIFA World Cup
The 1970 FIFA World Cup was the ninth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for men's senior national teams.
See Israel and 1970 FIFA World Cup
1972 Summer Olympics
The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad and officially branded as Munich 1972 (München 1972), were an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972.
See Israel and 1972 Summer Olympics
1973 Israeli raid in Lebanon
The 1973 Israeli raid in Lebanon (also known as Operation Spring of Youth in Hebrew or the Verdun massacre in Arabic) took place on the night of April 9 and early morning of April 10, 1973, when Israeli army special forces units attacked several Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) targets in Beirut and Sidon, Lebanon.
See Israel and 1973 Israeli raid in Lebanon
1974 Asian Games
The 7th Asian Games (بازیهای آسیایی ۱۹۷۴) were held from 1 to 16 September 1974 in Tehran, Iran.
See Israel and 1974 Asian Games
1977 Israeli legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Israel on 17 May 1977 to elect the ninth Knesset.
See Israel and 1977 Israeli legislative election
1978 Asian Games
The 8th Asian Games were held from 9 to 20 December 1978, in Bangkok, Thailand.
See Israel and 1978 Asian Games
1978 South Lebanon conflict
The 1978 South Lebanon conflict (codenamed Operation Litani by Israel) began after Israel invaded southern Lebanon up to the Litani River in March 1978, in response to the Coastal Road massacre near Tel Aviv by Lebanon-based Palestinian militants.
See Israel and 1978 South Lebanon conflict
1982 Lebanon War
The 1982 Lebanon War began on 6 June 1982, when Israel invaded southern Lebanon.
See Israel and 1982 Lebanon War
1990s post-Soviet aliyah
In the years leading up to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and for just over a decade thereafter, a particularly large number of Jews emigrated from the Soviet Union and the post-Soviet countries.
See Israel and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah
1992 Israeli legislative election
Elections for the 13th Knesset were held in Israel on 23 June 1992.
See Israel and 1992 Israeli legislative election
1992 Summer Olympics
The 1992 Summer Olympics (Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad (Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada, Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada) and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Israel and 1992 Summer Olympics
1999 Israeli general election
Early general elections for both the Prime Minister and the Knesset were held in Israel on 17 May 1999 following a vote of no confidence in the government; the incumbent Likud Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, ran for re-election.
See Israel and 1999 Israeli general election
2000 Camp David Summit
The 2000 Camp David Summit was a summit meeting at Camp David between United States president Bill Clinton, Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat.
See Israel and 2000 Camp David Summit
2001 Israeli prime ministerial election
Prime ministerial elections were held in Israel on 6 February 2001 following the resignation of the incumbent Prime Minister Ehud Barak on 9 December 2000.
See Israel and 2001 Israeli prime ministerial election
2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Summer Olympics (Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004), officially the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad (label) and officially branded as Athens 2004 (Αθήνα 2004), were an international multi-sport event held from 13 to 29 August 2004 in Athens, Greece.
See Israel and 2004 Summer Olympics
2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid
The 2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid was a cross-border attack carried out by Lebanon-based Hezbollah militants on an Israeli military patrol on 12 July 2006 on Israeli territory.
See Israel and 2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid
2006 Lebanon War
The 2006 Lebanon War, also called the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War and known in Lebanon as the July War (حرب تموز, Ḥarb Tammūz) and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון השנייה, Milhemet Levanon HaShniya), was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon, northern Israel and the Golan Heights.
See Israel and 2006 Lebanon War
2008 Israel–Hamas ceasefire
The 2008 Israel–Hamas ceasefire was an Egyptian-brokered six-month Tahdia (an Arabic term for a lull) "for the Gaza area", which went into effect between Hamas and Israel on 19 June 2008.
See Israel and 2008 Israel–Hamas ceasefire
29th parallel north
The 29th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 29 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Israel and 29th parallel north
34th meridian east
The meridian 34° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Turkey, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Israel and 34th meridian east
34th parallel north
The 34th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 34 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Israel and 34th parallel north
363 Galilee earthquake
The Galilee earthquake of 363 was a pair of severe earthquakes that shook the Galilee and nearby regions on May 18 and 19.
See Israel and 363 Galilee earthquake
36th meridian east
The meridian 36° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Israel and 36th meridian east
749 Galilee earthquake
A devastating earthquake known in scientific literature as the Earthquake of 749 struck on January 18, 749, in areas of the Umayyad Caliphate, with the epicenter in Galilee.
See Israel and 749 Galilee earthquake
See also
Countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
- Algeria
- Bahrain
- Chad
- Comoros
- Djibouti
- Egypt
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Libya
- List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
- Mali
- Mauritania
- Morocco
- Oman
- Qatar
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Saudi Arabia
- Somalia
- Somaliland
- State of Palestine
- Sudan
- Syria
- Tunisia
- United Arab Emirates
- Western Sahara
- Yemen
- Zanzibar
Eastern Mediterranean
- 2002 Eastern Mediterranean event
- Assyria
- Assyrian homeland
- Buddhism and the Roman world
- Cyprus
- EMME
- East Mediterranean Gas Forum
- Eastern Mediterranean
- Eastern Mediterranean Activities Conference
- Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
- Eastern Mediterranean Optical System 1
- Eastern Mediterranean University
- Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests
- Egypt
- Fertile Crescent
- Fleet coinage (Mark Antony)
- Hatay Province
- Iraqi Kurdistan
- Israel
- Khabur (Euphrates)
- Lebanon
- Levant
- Libya
- Mashriq
- McGhee Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies
- Mediterranean–Dead Sea Canal
- Near East
- Nile Delta
- Northern Cyprus
- Salvia fruticosa
- Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
- State of Palestine
- Syria
- Syrian Desert
- Syrian Kurdistan
- Turkey
- WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
- Wild edible plants of Israel and Palestine
Jewish polities
- A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France
- Brutakhi
- Hasmonean dynasty
- Himyarite Kingdom
- Israel
- Jewish Autonomous Oblast
- Khazars
- Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
- Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
- Kingdom of Judah
- Kingdom of Simien
- List of Jewish states and dynasties
- Taifa of Granada
Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- Albania
- Algeria
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Denmark
- Egypt
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Israel
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Tunisia
- Turkey
Middle Eastern countries
- Bahrain
- Cyprus
- Egypt
- Iran
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Northern Cyprus
- Oman
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- State of Palestine
- Syria
- Turkey
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
Political entities in the Land of Israel
- Damascus Eyalet
- Hasmonean Kingdom
- Hasmonean dynasty
- Herodian kingdom
- Herodian tetrarchy
- Israel
- Judaea (Roman province)
- Judea (Roman province)
- Judean provisional government
- Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
- Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
- Kingdom of Jerusalem
- Kingdom of Judah
- Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
- Mandatory Palestine
- Nabataea
- Nabataean Kingdom
- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
- Palaestina Prima
- Palaestina Salutaris
- Palaestina Secunda
- Paralia (Seleucid eparchy)
- Phoenicia
- Syria Palaestina
- Yehud (Babylonian province)
- Yehud Medinata
States and territories established in 1948
- All-Palestine Protectorate
- Annam (French protectorate)
- Banjar Region
- Bastar district
- Bautista Saavedra Province
- Central Sumatra
- Chittorgarh district
- Colón Free Trade Zone
- Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
- Dominion of Ceylon
- Faroe Islands
- Federal Capital Territory (Karachi)
- Federation of Malaya
- First Republic of Korea
- Hyderabad State (1948–1956)
- Israel
- Jordanian annexation of the West Bank
- Kapalong
- Kutch State
- Madhya Bharat
- Malacca
- Myanmar
- North Korea
- Patiala and East Punjab States Union
- Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
- Santiago Rodríguez Province
- Saurashtra (state)
- South Korea
- Southeast Borneo Federation
- State of East Java
- State of Madura
- State of South Sumatra
- Tokelau
- Udaipur district
- Union of Burma (1948–1962)
- United States of Matsya
- Vindhya Pradesh
States with limited recognition
- Abkhazia
- Armenia
- China
- Cook Islands
- Israel
- Kosovo
- List of states with limited recognition
- Niue
- North Korea
- Northern Cyprus
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Somaliland
- South Korea
- South Ossetia
- State of Palestine
- Taiwan
- Transnistria
West Asian countries
- Abkhazia
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Bahrain
- Cyprus
- Egypt
- Georgia (country)
- Iran
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Middle Eastern countries
- Northern Cyprus
- Oman
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- South Ossetia
- State of Palestine
- Syria
- Turkey
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
References
Also known as Dawlat Isra'il, Dawlat Isrā'īl, Etymology of Israel, ISO 3166-1:IL, Israel (country), Israel (nation), Israeli (nation), Israeli Republic, Israeli state, Israil, Israyl, Isreael, Isreal, Istrael, Izrael (state), M'dinat Yisrael, Medinat Israel, Medinat Yisra'el, Medinat Yisrael, Medīnat Yisrā'el, Modern Israel, Name of Israel, Republic of Israel, State Of Israel, The State of Israel, Yisra'el, Yisraél, Yisroeil, Ysrael, İsrail, יִשְׂרָאֵל, יִשְרָאֵל, ישראל, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, מדינת ישראל, إسرائيل, دولة إسرائيل, دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل.
, Art of Europe, Arthur Creech Jones, Ashdod, Ashkenazi Jews, Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, Associated Press, Association football, Atlit detainee camp, Austerity in Israel, Australian Financial Review, Ayyubid dynasty, Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan–Israel relations, Babylonian captivity, Bagrut certificate, Baháʼí Faith, Baháʼí World Centre buildings, Balfour Declaration, Bank of Israel, Bar Kokhba revolt, Bar-Giora (organization), Bar-Ilan University, Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty, Basketball, Bauhaus, BBC News, BBC News Online, Beersheba, Beersheba metropolitan area, Beitar Jerusalem F.C., Ben Gurion Airport, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Benjamin Netanyahu, Benny Morris, Beta Israel, Beth din, Better Place (company), Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, Biblical Hebrew, Bill Clinton, Blockade of the Gaza Strip, Bloomberg L.P., Bnei Brak, Borders of Israel, Boston College, Bronze Age, Buddhism, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, Cabinet of Israel, Caliphate, Cambridge University Press, Cameri Theatre, Camp David Accords, Canaan, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Casus belli, Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight, Cave of the Patriarchs, CBS News, Central District (Israel), Chaïm Soutine, Chaim Weizmann, Channel 9 (Israel), Charging station, Chess, Chief of the General Staff (Israel), Chief Rabbinate of Israel, Christianity in Israel, Christians, Church of Saint George (Lod), Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Church of the Nativity, City council (Israel), City-state, Civil law (legal system), Client state, CNN International, Coastal Road massacre, Coele-Syria, Colonia (Roman), Common Era, Conscription in Israel, Constantine the Great, Cook Islands, Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories, Couscous, Credit Suisse, Crime of apartheid, Crimes against humanity, Crusader states, Crusades, Culture of Israel, Culture of Palestine, Cyprus, Cyprus internment camps, Cyprus–Greece relations, Cyrus the Great, Czech Republic, David Ben-Gurion, David Grossman, Dead Sea, Dead Sea Scrolls, Dead Sea Transform, Demographic history of Palestine (region), Demographics of Israel, Demographics of the State of Palestine, Desalination, Desert climate, Dhimmi, Diamond industry in Israel, Digital art, District court, Districts of Israel, Dolphin-class submarine, Drip irrigation, Druze, Early Christianity, Early modern human, Ease of doing business index, East Jerusalem, Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests, Eber, Ebla, Eclecticism in architecture, Economy of Israel, Egged (company), Egypt, Egypt–Israel peace treaty, Ehud Barak, Eichmann trial, Eilat, El (deity), Elections in Israel, Electric vehicle charging network, English language, English law, Entebbe raid, Erich Mendelsohn, Etgar Keret, Ethiopia–Israel relations, Ethnocracy, EUobserver, European Commission, European Neighbourhood Policy, European Parliament, European University Institute, Eurovision Song Contest, Exclusive economic zone, Expulsions and exoduses of Jews, External debt, Extremes on Earth, Falafel, Fall of Babylon, Fascism, Fatimid Caliphate, Fayard, Fertile Crescent, FIBA European Champions Cup and EuroLeague records and statistics, Fifteenth government of Israel, Fifth Aliyah, Financial centre, First Aliyah, First Intifada, First Jewish–Roman War, Folk music, Foreign Assistance Act, Foreign exchange reserves, Four Holy Cities, Fourth Aliyah, Fourth Geneva Convention, France 24, Freedom in the World, French fries, Fusion cuisine, Galilee, Gallup, Inc., Gamal Abdel Nasser, Garden city movement, Gaza War (2008–2009), Gaza–Israel barrier, Geneva Conventions, Germany–Israel relations, Gesher Theater, Ghassulian, Global Competitiveness Report, Global Peace Index, GOC Army Headquarters, Golan Heights, Golan Heights Law, Golda Meir, Great Rift Valley, Greater Jerusalem, Greece–Israel relations, Green Line (Israel), Gross domestic product, Gross national income, Guatemala, Gulf of Aqaba, Gulf War, Gush Dan, Gush Etzion, Gush Katif, Haaretz, Habima Theatre, Haganah, Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, Haifa, Haifa Airport, Haifa District, Haifa metropolitan area, Halakha, Hamas, Hamburger, Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C., Haredi Judaism, Hashomer, Hasidic Judaism, Hasmonean dynasty, Hatikvah, Head of government, Head of state, Hebrew Bible, Hebrew calendar, Hebrew language, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hebron, Hellenic Air Force, Hellenization, Henry Holt and Company, Herod the Great, Herodian dynasty, Hezbollah, Hiloni, Hinduism in Israel, Historicity of the Bible, History of ancient Israel and Judah, History of education in ancient Israel and Judah, History of Israel, History of the Jews in Germany, Holocaust survivors, Holy Land, Holy See, Home Front Command, Homeland for the Jewish people, Hominidae, Honduras, Hula Valley, Human rights in Israel, Human Rights Watch, Hummus, Ilan Ramon, India–Israel relations, Intel, Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine, International community, International Court of Justice, International Journal of Conflict and Violence, International Journal of Middle East Studies, International law, International law and Israeli settlements, International Monetary Fund, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Iran–Iraq War, Iranian Revolution, Irgun, Iron Age, Iron Dome, Irradiance, Isaac Herzog, Islam in Israel, Islamic terrorism, Islamic–Jewish relations, IsraAid, Israel (name), Israel and apartheid, Israel and the United Nations, Israel and weapons of mass destruction, Israel at the Asian Games, Israel at the Olympics, Israel at the Paralympics, Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel Defense Forces, Israel Hayom, Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest, Israel Museum, Israel national football team, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Israel Railways, Israel Space Agency, Israel Standard Time, Israel Summer Time, Israel–European Union relations, Israel–Jordan peace treaty, Israel–Lebanon relations, Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition, Israel–Russia relations, Israel–Syria relations, Israel–Turkey relations, Israel–United Kingdom relations, Israel–United States military relations, Israel–United States relations, Israeli Air Force, Israeli Basketball Premier League, Israeli checkpoint, Israeli Chess Championship, Israeli citizenship law, Israeli coastal plain, Israeli cuisine, Israeli Declaration of Independence, Israeli disengagement from Gaza, Israeli Jews, Israeli literature, Israeli Navy, Israeli new shekel, Israeli Premier League, Israeli security forces, Israeli settlement, Israeli West Bank barrier, Israeli-occupied territories, Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Israeli–Palestinian peace process, Israelis, Israelites, Itzhak Perlman, Jacob, Jazz, Jazzar Pasha, Jenin, Jenin, Jerusalem, Jerusalem District, Jerusalem Law, Jewish Agency for Israel, Jewish ceremonial art, Jewish cuisine, Jewish culture, Jewish diaspora, Jewish exodus from the Muslim world, 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Quigley, Jordan, Jordan Rift Valley, Jordan River, Jordan Valley, Jordanian annexation of the West Bank, Joseph's Tomb, Judaea (Roman province), Judea, Judea and Samaria Area, Judiciary of Israel, Jus sanguinis, Kababir, Kabbalah, Kahan Commission, Kashrut, Khartoum Resolution, Khidr, Kibbutz, Kilowatt-hour, King David Hotel bombing, Kingdom of Egypt, Kingdom of Iraq, Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), Kingdom of Judah, Kingdom of Yemen, Kishinev pogrom, Knesset, Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Kosher restaurant, Krav Maga, Land for peace, Late Bronze Age collapse, Latet, Latitude, Launch vehicle, Law of Return, League of Nations, League of Nations mandate, Leah Goldberg, Lebanese Civil War, Lebanon, Lehi (militant group), Levant, Levantine corridor, Levantine cuisine, Life expectancy, Likud, List of adventive wild plants in Israel, List of airports in Israel, List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967, List of biblical places, List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority, List of cities in Israel, List of cities proper by population density, List of countries and territories by motor vehicles per capita, List of countries by external debt, List of countries by GDP (nominal), List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita, List of countries by life expectancy, List of countries by literacy rate, List of countries by number of billionaires, List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel, List of countries with highest military expenditures, List of development aid sovereign state donors, List of diplomatic missions of Israel, List of endemic flora of Israel, List of equipment of the Israel Defense Forces, List of football clubs in Israel, List of Israeli chess players, List of Israeli companies listed on the Nasdaq, List of Israeli submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film, List of Israeli universities and colleges, List of Jews in sports, List of Palestinian suicide attacks, List of places in Jerusalem, List of political parties in Israel, List of revived languages, List of sovereign states by research and development spending, List of wars involving Israel, Loan guarantee, Low Earth orbit, Ma'abarot, Maccabean Revolt, Maccabi Haifa F.C., Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C., Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C., Maccabiah Games, Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Maghrebi Jews, Magistrate, Mahmood Mosque, Haifa, Mahmoud Abbas, Makhtesh, Makhtesh Ramon, Mamluk, Mamluk Sultanate, Marc Chagall, Marriage in Israel, Mary, mother of Jesus, May Laws, Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean cuisine, Mediterranean Sea, Member states of the United Nations, Memorandum of understanding, Menachem Begin, Merkhav Mugan, Messianic Judaism, Michel Kikoine, Microsoft, Middle school, Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel), Millet (Ottoman Empire), Ministry of Defense (Israel), Ministry of Environmental Protection (Israel), Ministry of Interior (Israel), Ministry of Justice (Israel), Misnagdim, Mizrahi Jewish cuisine, Mizrahi Jews, Mizrahi music, Modern Hebrew poetry, Modern Standard Arabic, Modi'in Illit, Mohammad Bakri, Monolatry, Monotheism, Morocco, Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre, Mossad LeAliyah Bet, Motion of no confidence, Mount Carmel, Mount Hermon, Munich massacre, Museum for Islamic Art, Jerusalem, Music of Israel, Muslim conquest of the Levant, Muslims, Nahalal, Napoleon, Nathan Alterman, Nathan Thrall, Nation state, National Library of Israel, National myth, National parks and nature reserves of Israel, Natufian culture, Natural gas, Nauru, Nazareth, Nebuchadnezzar II, Negev, Nelly Sachs, Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire, Net international investment position, New Kingdom of Egypt, Niue, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nof HaGalil, Northern District (Israel), Norwegian Refugee Council, Nuclear weapons and Israel, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic, Ofeq, Office of the United Nations High 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