Communication

620 relations: 'Nduja, Abruzzo, Abruzzo (wine), Adda (river), Adriatic Sea, Aglianico, Aglianico del Vulture, Agnolotti, Agritourism, Alba, Piedmont, Alchermes, Almond, Alosinae, Alps, Amalfi, Amaro (liqueur), Amaro Averna, Amaro Lucano, Amarone, Amatriciana sauce, Ammazzacaffè, Anchovies as food, Anchovy, Ancient Greece, Ancient Roman cuisine, Anise, Anna Del Conte, Antoine-Augustin Parmentier, Aosta Valley, Apéritif and digestif, Aperol, Apicius, Apostolic Palace, Apple strudel, Apulia, Arabs, Arancini, Arborio rice, Archestratus, Argentina, Argentine cuisine, Arrabbiata sauce, Arrosticini, Artichoke, Asiago cheese, Asparagus, Athens, Austria-Hungary, Baccalà alla lucana, Bacon, ..., Bagna càuda, Baicoli, Balsamic vinegar, Bar, Barbaresco, Barbel (fish), Barbera, Bardolino, Barolo, Bartolomeo Platina, Bartolomeo Scappi, Basilicata, Bass (fish), Bassano del Grappa, Béchamel sauce, Bean, Bell pepper, Berliner (doughnut), Bicerin, Birra Moretti, Boiled egg, Boletus edulis, Bologna, Bolognese sauce, Bolzano, Botequim, Bourgeoisie, Brandy, Bread, Breaded cutlet, Bresaola, Brine, British cuisine, British Somaliland, Brittle (food), Brunello di Montalcino, Bruschetta, Buckwheat, Butcher, Byzantine Greeks, Cabbage, Caciocavallo, Café au lait, Caffè corretto, Caffè macchiato, Calabria, Calabrian wine, Calzone, Campania, Campari, Campofilone, Candied fruit, Candy, Cannoli, Capocollo, Capon, Caponata, Cappelletti, Cappuccino, Capsicum, Carbonara, Carciofi alla giudia, Cardoon, Carmignano DOCG, Carpaccio, Carrù, Carrot, Cassata, Cassino, Cassoeula, Castello Roganzuolo, Castelluccio (Norcia), Castelmagno cheese, Casu marzu, Cavallucci, Cavatelli, Centerbe, Centola, Champagne, Charcuterie, Chard, Charles II, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, Cheese, Cheesemaking, Cherry tomato, Chestnut, Chianina, Chianti, Chicken, Chickpea, Chili pepper, Chioggia, Chocolate, Christina, Queen of Sweden, Christmas Eve, Cinzano, Citrus, Cocoa bean, Coda alla vaccinara, Colli Orientali del Friuli, Collio Goriziano, Colomba di Pasqua, Columbian Exchange, Columbidae, Cotechino, Cotechino Modena, Cotoletta, Council of Trent, Couscous, Cremona, Cristoforo di Messisbugo, Croissant, Croquette, Cucurbita, Cuisine of Corsica, Cuisine of the United States, Culture, Culture of ancient Rome, Cuttlefish, De honesta voluptate et valetudine, Demitasse, Denominazione di origine controllata, Dionysus, Dragée, Dried and salted cod, Duchy of Mantua, Durum, Early Middle Ages, Easter, Edible mushroom, Eel, Eggplant, Emilia (region of Italy), Emilia-Romagna, Endive, English cuisine, Eritrea, Eruca sativa, Espresso, Espresso machine, Ethiopia, European bass, European hare, European History Online, European Union, Falanghina, Fallow deer, Farinata, Felino, Fennel, Ferrara, Ferrero SpA, Fiano (grape), Ficus, Fish, Fishing, Florence, Flour, Fluid ounce, Fondue, Fontina, Food and dining in the Roman Empire, Food preservation, Food writing, Fortified wine, Francesco Leonardi (chef), Frascati DOC, Frìttuli, French cuisine, Frico, Fritaja, Frittata, Friuli, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine, Friulian language, Frog, Frog legs, Fruit, Fruit preserves, Fusilli, Game (hunting), Garganelli, Garlic, Génépi, Gelato, Genoa, Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union, Germany, Gianduiotto, Gianduja (chocolate), Gibraltarian cuisine, Gillian Riley, Giovanni della Casa, Gnocchi, Goat, Goose, Gorgonzola, Goulash, Grana (cheese), Grana Padano, Granita, Grape, Grappa, Greco (grape), Greeks, Grilling, Guanciale, Gugelhupf, Gulf of Naples, Habsburg Monarchy, Ham, Herb, Herring, Hohenstaufen, Honey, Hors d'oeuvre, Horseradish, Hot chocolate, House of Valois-Anjou, Hunting, Il cucchiaio d'argento, Il talismano della felicità, Indicazione geografica tipica, Inner Carniola, Ippolito d'Este, Iran, Istrian Italians, Istrian stew, Italian Argentines, Italian Brazilians, Italian meal structure, Italian South Africans, Italian unification, Italian wine, 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Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, Vienna sausage, Vinegar, Viterbo, Vulture (region), Water buffalo, Watermelon, Whitefish (fisheries term), Whole-wheat flour, Wiener schnitzel, Wild boar, Wine, Yolk, Zeppole, Zucchini, Zuppa Inglese. 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'Nduja

'Nduja is a particularly spicy, spreadable pork salumi from Italy.

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Abruzzo

Abruzzo (Aquiliano: Abbrùzzu) is a region of Southern Italy, with an area of 10,763 square km (4,156 sq mi) and a population of 1.2 million.

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Abruzzo (wine)

Abruzzo (Abruzzi) is an Italian wine region located in the mountainous central Italian region of Abruzzo along the Adriatic Sea.

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Adda (river)

The Adda (Latin Abdua, or Addua; in Lombard Ada or, again, Adda in local dialects where the double consonants are marked) is a river in North Italy, a tributary of the Po.

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Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula.

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Aglianico

Aglianico (pronounced, roughly "ah-ylee AN-i-koe") is a black grape grown in the southern regions of Italy, mostly Basilicata and Campania.

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Aglianico del Vulture

Aglianico del Vulture is an Italian red wine based on the Aglianico grape and produced in the Vulture area of Basilicata.

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Agnolotti

Agnolotti (agnolòt) is a type of pasta typical of the Piedmont region of Italy, made with small pieces of flattened pasta dough, folded over a filling of roasted meat or vegetables.

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Agritourism

Agritourism or agrotourism, as it is defined most broadly, involves any agriculturally based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm or ranch.

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Alba, Piedmont

Alba (Alba Pompeia) is a town and comune of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Cuneo.

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Alchermes

Alchermes (from the Arabic القرمز al-qirmiz, meaning cochineal, from Persian کرمست kirmist: bloody, red, cochineal, carmine) is a type of Italian liqueur (especially in Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna and Sicily) prepared by infusing neutral spirits with sugar, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg and vanilla, and other herbs and flavoring agents.

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Almond

The almond (Prunus dulcis, syn. Prunus amygdalus) is a species of tree native to Mediterranean climate regions of the Middle East, from Syria and Turkey to India and Pakistan, although it has been introduced elsewhere.

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Alosinae

The Alosinae, or the shads, ITIS are a subfamily of fishes in the herring family Clupeidae.

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Alps

The Alps (Alpes; Alpen; Alpi; Alps; Alpe) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe,The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia.

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Amalfi

Amalfi is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania, Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno.

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Amaro (liqueur)

Amaro (Italian for "bitter") is an Italian herbal liqueur that is commonly consumed as an after-dinner digestif.

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Amaro Averna

Amaro Averna is an Italian liqueur in the Amaro category produced in Caltanissetta, Sicily.

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Amaro Lucano

Amaro Lucano is an Italian herbal liqueur in the Amaro category.

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Amarone

Amarone della Valpolicella, usually known as Amarone, is a typically rich Italian dry red wine made from the partially dried grapes of the Corvina (45–95%, of which up to 50% could be substituted with Corvinone), Rondinella (5–30%) and other approved red grape varieties (up to 25%).

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Amatriciana sauce

Sugo or salsa all'amatriciana is a traditional Italian pasta sauce based on guanciale (cured pork cheek), pecorino cheese from Amatrice, tomato, and, in some variations, onion.

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Ammazzacaffè

Ammazzacaffè (Italian for "coffee killer") is a small glass of liqueur usually consumed after coffee to dull its taste or the caffeine effect.

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Anchovies as food

Anchovies are a family (Engraulidae) of small, common salt-water forage fish.

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Anchovy

An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae.

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).

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Ancient Roman cuisine

Ancient Roman cuisine changed over the long duration of the ancient Roman civilization.

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Anise

Anise (Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.

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Anna Del Conte

Anna Del Conte (born 1925) is an Italian-born food writer whose works cover the history of food as well as providing recipes.

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Antoine-Augustin Parmentier

Antoine-Augustin Parmentier (Montdidier 12 August 1737 – 13 December 1813) is remembered as a vocal promoter of the potato as a food source for humans in France and throughout Europe.

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Aosta Valley

The Aosta Valley (Valle d'Aosta (official) or Val d'Aosta (usual); Vallée d'Aoste (official) or Val d'Aoste (usual); Val d'Outa (usual); Augschtalann or Ougstalland; Val d'Osta) is a mountainous autonomous region in northwestern Italy.

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Apéritif and digestif

Apéritifs and digestifs are drinks, typically alcoholic, that are normally served before (apéritif) or after (digestif) a meal.

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Aperol

Aperol is an Italian apéritif made of gentian, rhubarb, and cinchona, among other ingredients.

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Apicius

Apicius is a collection of Roman cookery recipes, usually thought to have been compiled in the 1st century AD and written in a language that is in many ways closer to Vulgar than to Classical Latin; later recipes using Vulgar Latin (such as ficatum, bullire) were added to earlier recipes using Classical Latin (such as iecur, fervere).

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Apostolic Palace

The Apostolic Palace (Palatium Apostolicum; Palazzo Apostolico) is the official residence of the Roman Catholic Pope and Bishop of Rome, which is located in Vatican City.

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Apple strudel

Apple strudel (Apfelstrudel; štrúdl) is a traditional Viennese strudel, a popular pastry in Austria and in many countries in Europe that once belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867–1918).

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Apulia

Apulia (Puglia; Pùglia; Pulia; translit) is a region of Italy in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto to the south.

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Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

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Arancini

Arancini (Italian and Sicilian plural; in the singular, arancino, arancinu or arancina) are stuffed rice balls which are coated with bread crumbs and then deep fried.

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Arborio rice

Arborio rice is an Italian short-grain rice.

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Archestratus

Archestratus (Ἀρχέστρατος Archestratos) was an ancient Greek poet of Gela or Syracuse, in Sicily, who wrote some time in the mid 4th century BCE, and was known as "the Daedalus of tasty dishes".

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Argentine cuisine

Argentine cuisine is described as a cultural blending of Mediterranean influences (such as those created by Italian and Spanish populations) with and very small inflows (mainly in border areas), Indigenous, within the wide scope of agricultural products that are abundant in the country.

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Arrabbiata sauce

Arrabbiata sauce, or sugo all'arrabbiata in Italian, is a spicy sauce for pasta made from garlic, tomatoes, and dried red chili peppers cooked in olive oil.

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Arrosticini

Arrosticini are a class of traditional Abruzzese cuisine from the Italian region of Abruzzo.

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Artichoke

The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus)Rottenberg, A., and D. Zohary, 1996: "The wild ancestry of the cultivated artichoke." Genet.

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Asiago cheese

Asiago is an Italian cow's milk cheese that can assume different textures, according to its aging, from smooth for the fresh Asiago (Asiago Pressato) to a crumbly texture for the aged cheese (Asiago d'allevo).

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Asparagus

Asparagus, or garden asparagus, folk name sparrow grass, scientific name Asparagus officinalis, is a spring vegetable, a flowering perennial plant species in the genus Asparagus.

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Athens

Athens (Αθήνα, Athína; Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.

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Baccalà alla lucana

Baccalà alla lucana is a traditional dish from Basilicata, particularly widespread in the area of the comune of Avigliano and it is therefore also known as baccalà all'aviglianese.

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Bacon

Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.

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Bagna càuda

Bagna càuda (meaning "hot dip"), is a hot dish from Piedmont, Italy that dates to the 16th century.

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Baicoli

Baicoli (golden oval) are an Italian biscuit, originating in Venice.

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Balsamic vinegar

Balsamic vinegar (aceto balsamico) is a very dark, concentrated, and intensely flavoured vinegar made wholly or partially from grape must, originating in Italy.

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Bar

A bar (also known as a saloon or a tavern or sometimes a pub or club, referring to the actual establishment, as in pub bar or savage club etc.) is a retail business establishment that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks and often sell snack foods such as crisps (potato chips) or peanuts, for consumption on premises.

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Barbaresco

Barbaresco is an Italian wine made with the Nebbiolo grape.

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Barbel (fish)

Barbels are group of small carp-like freshwater fish, almost all of the genus Barbus.

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Barbera

Barbera is a red Italian wine grape variety that, as of 2000, was the third most-planted red grape variety in Italy (after Sangiovese and Montepulciano).

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Bardolino

Bardolino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about west of Venice and about northwest of Verona.

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Barolo

Barolo is a red Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) wine produced in the northern Italian region of Piedmont.

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Bartolomeo Platina

Bartolomeo Sacchi (1421 – 21 September 1481), known as Platina (in Italian il Platina) after his birthplace (Piadena), and commonly referred to in English as Bartolomeo Platina, was an Italian Renaissance humanist writer and gastronomist.

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Bartolomeo Scappi

Bartolomeo Scappi (c. 1500 – 13 April 1577) was a famous Italian Renaissance chef.

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Basilicata

Basilicata, also known with its ancient name Lucania, is a region in Southern Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Apulia (Puglia) to the north and east, and Calabria to the south.

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Bass (fish)

Bass is a name shared by many species of fish.

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Bassano del Grappa

Bassano del Grappa (Venetian: Basan // (plain form) or Bassan/Bassàn (italianized form)) is a city and comune, in the Vicenza province, in the region Veneto, in northern Italy.

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Béchamel sauce

Béchamel sauce (Béchamel besciamella or Beixamel Catalan or Bechamelsaus in Dutch, etc.-->), also known as white sauce, is made from a white roux (butter and flour) and milk.

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Bean

A bean is a seed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which are used for human or animal food.

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Bell pepper

The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper, pepper or capsicum) is a cultivar group of the species Capsicum annuum.

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Berliner (doughnut)

A Berliner Pfannkuchen (referred to as Berliner for short) is a traditional German pastry similar to a doughnut with no central hole, made from sweet yeast dough fried in fat or oil, with a marmalade or jam filling and usually icing, powdered sugar or conventional sugar on top.

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Bicerin

Bicerin (pronounced in Piedmontese) is a traditional hot drink native to Turin, Italy, made of espresso, drinking chocolate, and whole milk served layered in a small rounded glass.

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Birra Moretti

Birra Moretti is an Italian brewing company, founded in Udine in 1859 by Luigi Moretti, with the name of Beer Factory and Ice.

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Boiled egg

Boiled eggs are eggs (typically chicken eggs) cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water.

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Boletus edulis

Boletus edulis (English: penny bun, cep, porcino or porcini) is a basidiomycete fungus, and the type species of the genus Boletus.

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Bologna

Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.

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Bolognese sauce

Bolognese sauce (known in Italian as ragù alla bolognese,, ragù bolognese, or simply ragù) is a meat-based sauce originating from Bologna, Italy, hence the name.

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Bolzano

Bolzano (or; German: Bozen (formerly Botzen),; Balsan or Bulsan; Bauzanum) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy.

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Botequim

Boteco or Botequim/Butiquim are terms derived from the Portuguese of Portugal "botica", (cognate with Castilian Spanish "bodega") which derives from the Greek "Apotheke", which means storage, grocery store or where goods were sold by retail.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie is a polysemous French term that can mean.

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Brandy

Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine.

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Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour and water, usually by baking.

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Breaded cutlet

Breaded cutlet is a dish made from coating a cutlet of meat with breading or batter and either frying or baking it.

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Bresaola

Bresaola is air-dried, salted beef (but also horse, venison and pork) that has been aged two or three months until it becomes hard and turns a dark red, almost purple colour.

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Brine

Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (usually sodium chloride) in water.

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British cuisine

British cuisine is the set of cooking traditions and practices associated with the United Kingdom.

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British Somaliland

British Somaliland, officially the British Somaliland Protectorate (Dhulka Maxmiyada Soomaalida ee Biritishka, translit) was a British protectorate in present-day northwestern Somalia.

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Brittle (food)

Brittle is a type of confection consisting of flat broken pieces of hard sugar candy embedded with nuts such as pecans, almonds, or peanuts.

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Brunello di Montalcino

Brunello di Montalcino is a red DOCG Italian wine produced in the vineyards surrounding the town of Montalcino located about 80 km south of Florence in the Tuscany wine region.

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Bruschetta

Bruschetta is an antipasto (starter dish) from Italy consisting of grilled bread rubbed with garlic and topped with olive oil and salt.

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Buckwheat

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), also known as common buckwheat, Japanese buckwheat and silverhull buckwheat, is a plant cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop.

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Butcher

A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals, dress their flesh, sell their meat, or participate within any combination of these three tasks.

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Byzantine Greeks

The Byzantine Greeks (or Byzantines) were the Greek or Hellenized people of the Byzantine Empire (or Eastern Roman Empire) during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages who spoke medieval Greek and were Orthodox Christians.

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Cabbage

Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads.

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Caciocavallo

Caciocavallo is a type of stretched-curd cheese made out of sheep's or cow's milk.

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Café au lait

Café au lait (French for "coffee with milk") is coffee with hot milk added.

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Caffè corretto

Caffè corretto, an Italian beverage, consists of a shot of espresso with a small amount of liquor, usually grappa, and sometimes sambuca or brandy.

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Caffè macchiato

Caffè macchiato, sometimes called espresso macchiato, is an espresso coffee drink with a small amount of milk, usually foamed.

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Calabria

Calabria (Calàbbria in Calabrian; Calavría in Calabrian Greek; Καλαβρία in Greek; Kalavrì in Arbëresh/Albanian), known in antiquity as Bruttium, is a region in Southern Italy.

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Calabrian wine

Calabrian wine (Italian: Vino Calabrese) is Italian wine from the Calabria region of southern Italy.

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Calzone

A calzone ("stocking" or "trouser") is an Italian oven-baked folded pizza that originated in Naples.

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Campania

Campania is a region in Southern Italy.

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Campari

Campari is an alcoholic liqueur, considered an apéritif (20.5%, 21%, 24%, 25%, or 28.5% ABV, depending on the country in which it is sold), obtained from the infusion of herbs and fruit (including chinotto and cascarilla) in alcohol and water.

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Campofilone

Campofilone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region Marche, located about southeast of Ancona and about northeast of Ascoli Piceno.

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Candied fruit

Candied fruit, also known as crystallized fruit or glacé fruit, has existed since the 14th century.

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Candy

Candy, also called sweets or lollies, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient.

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Cannoli

Cannoli (cannula) are Italian pastries of the Sicily region.

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Capocollo

Capocollo, coppa, or capicola is a traditional Italian and Corsican pork cold cut (salume) made from the dry-cured muscle running from the neck to the fourth or fifth rib of the pork shoulder or neck.

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Capon

A capon (from Latin caponem) is a cockerel or rooster that has been castrated to improve the quality of its flesh for food and, in some countries like Spain, fattened by forced feeding.

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Caponata

Caponata Caponata (Sicilian: capunata) is a Sicilian eggplant (aubergine) dish consisting of a cooked vegetable salad made from chopped fried eggplant and celery seasoned with sweetened vinegar, with capers in a sweet and sour sauce.

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Cappelletti

Cappelletti may be.

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Cappuccino

A cappuccino (Italian plural cappuccini) is an espresso-based coffee drink that originated in Italy, and is traditionally prepared with double espresso, and steamed milk foam.

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Capsicum

Capsicum (also known as peppers) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae.

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Carbonara

Carbonara is an Italian pasta dish from Rome made with egg, hard cheese, guanciale (or pancetta), and pepper.

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Carciofi alla giudia

Carciofi alla giudìa (literally "Jewish style artichokes") is among the best known dishes of Roman Jewish cuisine.

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Cardoon

The cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), also called the artichoke thistle or globe artichoke, is a thistle in the sunflower family.

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Carmignano DOCG

Carmignano is an Italian wine region located in the Tuscany region and centered on the city of Carmignano, about 10 miles (16 kilometers) northwest of Florence.

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Carpaccio

Carpaccio is a dish of raw meat or fish (such as beef, veal, venison, salmon or tuna), thinly sliced or pounded thin and served mainly as an appetizer.

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Carrù

Carrù is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about south of Turin and about northeast of Cuneo.

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Carrot

The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist.

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Cassata

Cassata or Cassata siciliana is a traditional sweet from Sicily, Italy.

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Cassino

Cassino is a comune in the province of Frosinone, central Italy, at the southern end of the region of Lazio, the last City of the Latin Valley.

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Cassoeula

Cassoeula, sometimes Italianized Cazzuola or Cazzola (Italian word for trowel) or bottaggio (probably derived from the French word potage) is a typical winter dish popular in Northern Italy, mostly in Lombardy.

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Castello Roganzuolo

Castello Roganzuolo (Castél in Venetian language) is a frazione of San Fior comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located on Conegliano hills (famous for productions of wine, especially prosecco) about 50 km north of Venice and about 30 km northeast of Treviso.

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Castelluccio (Norcia)

Castelluccio is a village in Umbria, in the Apennine Mountains of central Italy.

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Castelmagno cheese

Castelmagno (DOP) is an ancient cheese with Protected designation of origin status from the north-west Italian region Piedmont.

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Casu marzu

Casu marzu (also called casu modde, casu cundídu and casu fràzigu in Sardinian), literally 'rotten/putrid cheese', is a traditional Sardinian sheep milk cheese that contains live insect larvae (maggots).

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Cavallucci

Cavallucci are a rich Italian Christmas pastry made with anise, almonds, candied fruits, coriander, and flour.

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Cavatelli

Cavatelli are small pasta shells from eggless semolina dough that look like miniature hot dog buns.

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Centerbe

Centerbe or Centerba, translated as "one hundred herbs" by Filippo Casagrande in Berlin, is a traditional Italian liqueur of light green colour made of digestive and aromatic herbs found in the Majella, an appendix of the Apennine Mountains.

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Centola

Centola (Cilentan: Cendula) is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.

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Champagne

Champagne is sparkling wine or, in EU countries, legally only that sparkling wine which comes from the Champagne region of France.

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Charcuterie

Charcuterie (or; northern or southern, from chair "meat" and cuit "cooked") is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, such as bacon, ham, sausage, terrines, galantines, ballotines, pâtés, and confit, primarily from pork.

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Chard

Chard or Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Cicla-Group and Flavescens-Group) is a green leafy vegetable that can be used in Mediterranean cooking.

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Charles II, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat

Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (31 October 1629 – 14 August 1665) was the son of Charles of Gonzaga-Nevers (+ 1631) of Rethel, Nevers, Mantua and Montferrat, and Maria Gonzaga.

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Cheese

Cheese is a dairy product derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.

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Cheesemaking

Cheesemaking (or caseiculture) is the craft of making cheese, which dates back at least 5,000 years.

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Cherry tomato

A cherry tomato is a rounded, small fruited tomato believed to be an intermediate genetic admixture between wild currant-type tomatoes and domesticated garden tomatoes.

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Chestnut

The chestnut (Castanea) group is a genus of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

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Chianina

The Chianina is an Italian breed of cattle, formerly principally a draught breed, now raised mainly for beef.

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Chianti

A Chianti wine is any wine produced in the Chianti region, in central Tuscany, Italy.

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Chicken

The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.

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Chickpea

The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is a legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae.

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Chili pepper

The chili pepper (also chile pepper, chilli pepper, or simply chilli) from Nahuatl chīlli) is the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, members of the nightshade family, Solanaceae. They are widely used in many cuisines to add spiciness to dishes. The substances that give chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids. Chili peppers originated in Mexico. After the Columbian Exchange, many cultivars of chili pepper spread across the world, used for both food and traditional medicine. Worldwide in 2014, 32.3 million tonnes of green chili peppers and 3.8 million tonnes of dried chili peppers were produced. China is the world's largest producer of green chillies, providing half of the global total.

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Chioggia

Chioggia (Venetian: Cióxa, Latin: Clodia) is a coastal town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Venice in the Veneto region of northern Italy.

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Chocolate

Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of Theobroma cacao seeds, roasted and ground.

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Christina, Queen of Sweden

Christina (– 19 April 1689) reigned as Queen of Sweden from 1632 until her abdication in 1654.

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Christmas Eve

Christmas Eve is the evening or entire day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus.

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Cinzano

Cinzano is an Italian brand of vermouth, a brand owned since 1999 by Gruppo Campari.

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Citrus

Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae.

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Cocoa bean

The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa, and cacao, is the dried and fully fermented seed of Theobroma cacao, from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.

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Coda alla vaccinara

Coda alla vaccinara is an oxtail stew in modern Roman cuisine including various vegetables, notably celery.

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Colli Orientali del Friuli

The Colli Orientali del Friuli is a Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) located in the Italian wine region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

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Collio Goriziano

Collio Goriziano (sometimes designated simply as Collio or Collio DOC) is an Italian wine and winemaking region in northeast Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located in the northernmost part of the Province of Gorizia, in the Italian part of the Gorizia Hills, which extend to neighboring Slovenia.

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Colomba di Pasqua

Colomba pasquale or colomba di Pasqua ("Easter Dove" in English) is an Italian traditional Easter cake, the counterpart of the two well-known Italian Christmas desserts, panettone and pandoro.

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Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade following Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage.

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Columbidae

Pigeons and doves constitute the animal family Columbidae and the order Columbiformes, which includes about 42 genera and 310 species.

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Cotechino

The cotechino is an Italian large pork sausage requiring cooking; usually it is boiled at low heat for about several hours.

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Cotechino Modena

Cotechino Modena or Cotechino di Modena (spelled cotecchino or coteghino in some major dialects, but not in Italian) is a fresh sausage made from pork, fatback, and pork rind, and comes from Modena, Italy, where it has PGI status.

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Cotoletta

Cotoletta (from costoletta.

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Council of Trent

The Council of Trent (Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.

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Couscous

Couscous is a Maghrebi dish of small (about diameter) steamed balls of crushed durum wheat semolina that is traditionally served with a stew spooned on top.

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Cremona

Cremona is a city and comune in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po River in the middle of the Pianura Padana (Po Valley).

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Cristoforo di Messisbugo

Cristoforo di Messisbugo or Cristoforo da Messisbugo (15th century – 1548) was a steward of the House of Este in Ferrara and an Italian cook of the Renaissance.

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Croissant

A croissant is a buttery, flaky, viennoiserie pastry named for its crescent shape.

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Croquette

A croquette (/kroʊˈket/) is a small breadcrumbed fried food roll containing, usually as main ingredients, mashed potatoes or ground meat (veal, beef, chicken, or turkey), shellfish, fish, cheese, vegetables, and mixed with béchamel or brown sauce, and soaked white bread, egg, onion, spices and herbs, wine, milk, beer, or some combination, sometimes with a filling, e.g. sautéed onions, mushrooms, or boiled eggs (Scotch eggs).

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Cucurbita

Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica.

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Cuisine of Corsica

The cuisine of Corsica is the traditional cuisine of the island of Corsica.

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Cuisine of the United States

The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.

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Culture

Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies.

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Culture of ancient Rome

The culture of ancient Rome existed throughout almost 1200-year history of the civilization of Ancient Rome.

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Cuttlefish

Cuttlefish or cuttles are marine animals of the order Sepiida. They belong to the class Cephalopoda, which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses. Cuttlefish have a unique internal shell, the cuttlebone. Despite their name, cuttlefish are not fish but molluscs. Cuttlefish have large, W-shaped pupils, eight arms, and two tentacles furnished with denticulated suckers, with which they secure their prey. They generally range in size from, with the largest species, Sepia apama, reaching in mantle length and over in mass. Cuttlefish eat small molluscs, crabs, shrimp, fish, octopus, worms, and other cuttlefish. Their predators include dolphins, sharks, fish, seals, seabirds, and other cuttlefish. The average life expectancy of a cuttlefish is about one to two years. Recent studies indicate cuttlefish are among the most intelligent invertebrates. (television program) NOVA, PBS, April 3, 2007. Cuttlefish also have one of the largest brain-to-body size ratios of all invertebrates. The 'cuttle' in 'cuttlefish' comes from the Old English name for the species, cudele, which may be cognate with the Old Norse koddi ('cushion') and the Middle Low German Kudel ('rag'). The Greco-Roman world valued the cuttlefish as a source of the unique brown pigment the creature releases from its siphon when it is alarmed. The word for it in both Greek and Latin, sepia, now refers to the reddish-brown color sepia in English.

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De honesta voluptate et valetudine

De honesta voluptate et valetudine (On honest indulgence and good health, often shortened to De honesta voluptate) was the first cookbook ever printed.

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Demitasse

A demitasse (French: "half cup") is a small cup used to serve Turkish coffee or espresso.

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Denominazione di origine controllata

Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC;; English: controlled designation of origin) is a quality assurance label for Italian wines.

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Dionysus

Dionysus (Διόνυσος Dionysos) is the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in ancient Greek religion and myth.

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Dragée

A dragée is a bite-sized form of confectionery with a hard outer shell—which is often used for another purpose (e.g. decorative, symbolic, medicinal, etc.) in addition to consumption.

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Dried and salted cod

Dried and salted cod, sometimes referred to simply as salt cod, is cod which has been preserved by drying after salting.

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Duchy of Mantua

The Duchy of Mantua was a duchy in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire.

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Durum

Durum wheat, also called pasta wheat or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum), is a tetraploid species of wheat.

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Early Middle Ages

The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, typically regarded as lasting from the 5th or 6th century to the 10th century CE, marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history.

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Easter

Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the Book of Common Prayer, "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher and Samuel Pepys and plain "Easter", as in books printed in,, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary 30 AD.

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Edible mushroom

Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macrofungi (fungi which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye).

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Eel

An eel is any ray-finned fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and about 800 species.

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Eggplant

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) or aubergine is a species of nightshade grown for its edible fruit.

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Emilia (region of Italy)

Emilia (Emîlia) is a historical region of northern Italy which approximately corresponds to the western and north-eastern portions of today’s Emilia-Romagna region, of which Romagna forms the remainder.

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Emilia-Romagna

Emilia-Romagna (Emilian and Emélia-Rumâgna) is an administrative Region of Northeast Italy comprising the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna.

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Endive

Endive is a leaf vegetable belonging to the genus Cichorium, which includes several similar bitter leafed vegetables.

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English cuisine

English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.

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Eritrea

Eritrea (ኤርትራ), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa, with its capital at Asmara.

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Eruca sativa

Arugula or rocket (Eruca sativa; syns. E. vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thell., Brassica eruca L.) is an edible annual plant in the Brassicaceae family used as a leaf vegetable for its fresh peppery flavor.

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Espresso

Espresso is coffee brewed by expressing or forcing out a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans.

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Espresso machine

An espresso machine brews coffee by forcing pressurized water near boiling point through a "puck" of ground coffee and a filter in order to produce a thick, concentrated coffee called espresso.

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ, yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk), is a country located in the Horn of Africa.

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European bass

The European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a primarily ocean-going fish native to the waters off Europe's western and southern and Africa's northern coasts, though it can also be found in shallow coastal waters and river mouths during the summer months.

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European hare

The European hare (Lepus europaeus), also known as the brown hare, is a species of hare native to Europe and parts of Asia.

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European History Online

European History Online (Europäische Geschichte Online, EGO) is an academic website that publishes articles on the history of Europe between the period of 1450 and 1950 according to the principle of open access.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Falanghina

Falanghina, also called Falanghina Greco, is a variety of wine grape, Vitis vinifera, used for white wines.

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Fallow deer

The fallow deer (Dama dama) is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae.

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Farinata

Farinata, socca, torta di ceci, or cecina is a type of thin, unleavened pancake or crêpe of chickpea flour originating in Genoa and later a typical food of the Ligurian Sea coast, from Nice to Elba island.

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Felino

Felino (Parmigiano: Flén) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about west of Bologna and about southwest of Parma.

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Fennel

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant species in the carrot family.

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Ferrara

Ferrara (Ferrarese: Fràra) is a town and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara.

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Ferrero SpA

Ferrero SpA is an Italian manufacturer of branded chocolate and confectionery products and it is the third biggest chocolate producer and confectionery company in the world.

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Fiano (grape)

Fiano is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown primarily in the Campania region of southern Italy and on the island of Sicily.

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Ficus

Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae.

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Fish

Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.

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Fishing

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.

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Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

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Flour

Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains or roots and used to make many different foods.

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Fluid ounce

A fluid ounce (abbreviated fl oz, fl. oz. or oz. fl., old forms ℥, fl ℥, f℥, ƒ ℥) is a unit of volume (also called capacity) typically used for measuring liquids.

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Fondue

Fondue is a Swiss dish of melted cheese served in a communal pot (caquelon or fondue pot) over a portable stove (réchaud) heated with a candle or spirit lamp, and eaten by dipping bread into the cheese using long-stemmed forks.

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Fontina

Fontina (French: Fontine) is an Italian cow's milk cheese.

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Food and dining in the Roman Empire

Food and dining in the Roman Empire reflect both the variety of foodstuffs available through the expanded trade networks of the Roman Empire and the traditions of conviviality from ancient Rome's earliest times, inherited in part from the Greeks and Etruscans.

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Food preservation

Food preservation prevents the growth of microorganisms (such as yeasts), or other microorganisms (although some methods work by introducing benign bacteria or fungi to the food), as well as slowing the oxidation of fats that cause rancidity.

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Food writing

Food writing is a type of writing that focuses on the topic of food, both widely and narrowly defined, and includes work by food critics and food historians.

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Fortified wine

Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled spirit, usually brandy, is added.

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Francesco Leonardi (chef)

Francesco Leonardi was an Italian chef and food author, born in Rome, and active in the 18th century in several European countries.

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Frascati DOC

Frascati is an Italian white wine named after the town of Frascati, located 25 km southeast of Rome, in Lazio, Italy.

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Frìttuli

Frittole (commonly known as "Frittuli"), is a traditional dish made of pork parts in the city of Reggio Calabria and the surrounding province.

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French cuisine

French cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices from France.

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Frico

Frico (in original Friulian language fricò) is a typical dish of Friuli and similar to another Alpine dish, Rösti, which consists of a wafer of shredded cheese and potatoes, then heated by baking or frying until crisp.

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Fritaja

Fritaja (Croatian) or frtalja (Slovenian; egg omelettes) is a Mediterranean Croatian and Slovenian dish.

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Frittata

Frittata is an egg-based Italian dish similar to an omelette or crustless quiche or scrambled eggs, enriched with additional ingredients such as meats, cheeses or vegetables.

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Friuli

Friuli is an area of Northeast Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity.

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Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Friûl-Vignesie Julie; Furlanija-Julijska krajina, Friaul-Julisch Venetien; Friul-Venesia Julia; Friul-Unieja Julia) is one of the 20 regions of Italy, and one of five autonomous regions with special statute.

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Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine

Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine (or Friuli wine) is wine made in the northeastern Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

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Friulian language

Friulian or Friulan (or, affectionately, marilenghe in Friulian, friulano in Italian, Furlanisch in German, furlanščina in Slovene; also Friulian) is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaeto-Romance family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy.

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Frog

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek ἀν-, without + οὐρά, tail).

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Frog legs

Frog legs are one of the better-known delicacies of French and Chinese cuisine.

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Fruit

In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering.

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Fruit preserves

Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits, vegetables and sugar, often canned or sealed for long-term storage.

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Fusilli

Fusilli are a variety of pasta that are formed into corkscrew or helical shapes.

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Game (hunting)

Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food.

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Garganelli

Garganelli are a type of egg-based pasta formed by rolling a flat, square noodle into a tubular shape.

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Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.

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Génépi

Génépi or génépy (in French) or genepì (in Italian) is a traditional herbal liqueur or aperitif popularized in the Alpine regions of Europe.

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Gelato

Gelato is ice cream made in the Italian style.

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Genoa

Genoa (Genova,; Zêna; English, historically, and Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy.

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Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union

Three European Union schemes of geographical indications and traditional specialties, known as protected designation of origin (PDO), protected geographical indication (PGI), and traditional specialities guaranteed (TSG), promote and protect names of quality agricultural products and foodstuffs.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gianduiotto

The Gianduiotto (Giandojòt) is chocolate originally from Piedmont, in northern Italy, whose shape is similar to an upturned boat.

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Gianduja (chocolate)

Gianduja or gianduia (giandoja) is a sweet chocolate spread containing about 30 % hazelnut paste, invented in Turin during Napoléon's regency (1796–1814).

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Gibraltarian cuisine

Gibraltarian cuisine is the result of a long relationship between the people of Spanish Andalusia and those of Great Britain, as well as the many foreigners who have made Gibraltar their home over the past three centuries.

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Gillian Riley

Gillian Riley is an English food writer.

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Giovanni della Casa

Giovanni della Casa (28 July 1503 – 14 November 1556), was a Florentine poet, writer on etiquette and society, diplomat, and inquisitor.

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Gnocchi

Gnocchi (singular gnocco) are various thick, small, and soft dough dumplings that may be made from semolina, ordinary wheat flour, egg, cheese, potato, breadcrumbs, cornmeal, or similar ingredients, with or without flavourings of herbs, vegetables, cocoa, or prunes.

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Goat

The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Goose

Geese are waterfowl of the family Anatidae.

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Gorgonzola

Gorgonzola is a veined Italian blue cheese, made from unskimmed cow's milk.

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Goulash

Goulash (gulyás) is a soup of meat and vegetables, seasoned with paprika and other spices.

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Grana (cheese)

Grana originally referred to a class of hard, mature cheeses from Italy which have a granular texture and are often used for grating.

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Grana Padano

Grana Padano is a hard, slow-ripened, semi-fat cheese from Italy, comparable to Parmigiano Reggiano ("Parmesan").

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Granita

Granita (in Italian also granita siciliana) is a semi-frozen dessert made from sugar, water and various flavorings.

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Grape

A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis.

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Grappa

Grappa is an alcoholic beverage, a fragrant, grape-based pomace brandy of Italian origin that contains 35 to 60 percent alcohol by volume (70 to 120 US proof).

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Greco (grape)

Greco is an Italian wine grape that may be of Greek origin.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.

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Grilling

Grilling is a form of cooking that involves dry heat applied to the surface of food, commonly from above or below.

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Guanciale

Guanciale is an Italian cured meat product prepared from pork jowl or cheeks.

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Gugelhupf

A Gugelhupf (also Kugelhupf, Guglhupf, Gugelhopf, and, in France, kouglof, kougelhof, or kougelhopf) is a yeast based cake (often with raisins), traditionally baked in a distinctive circular Bundt mold.

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Gulf of Naples

The Gulf of Naples, also called the Bay of Naples, is a roughly 15-kilometer-wide (9.3 mi) gulf located along the south-western coast of Italy (province of Naples, Campania region).

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Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.

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Ham

Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking.

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Herb

In general use, herbs are plants with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, in medicine, or as fragrances.

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Herring

Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae.

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Hohenstaufen

The Staufer, also known as the House of Staufen, or of Hohenstaufen, were a dynasty of German kings (1138–1254) during the Middle Ages.

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Honey

Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees and some related insects.

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Hors d'oeuvre

An hors d'oeuvre (hors d'œuvre), appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal.

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Horseradish

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, syn. Cochlearia armoracia) is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, and cabbage).

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Hot chocolate

Hot chocolate, also known as Chocolate tea, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.

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House of Valois-Anjou

The House of Valois-Anjou (Casa Valois-Angiò) was a noble French family, deriving from the royal family, the House of Valois.

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Hunting

Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping animals, or pursuing or tracking them with the intent of doing so.

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Il cucchiaio d'argento

Il cucchiaio d'argento (The Silver Spoon in English) (1997 ed.) is a major Italian cookbook, a kitchen reference work originally published in 1950 by the design and architecture magazine Domus.

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Il talismano della felicità

Il talismano della felicità (The Talisman of Happiness in English), written by magazine editor Ada Boni and published by Italian publishing house, is a well-known Italian cookbook originally published in 1929.

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Indicazione geografica tipica

Indicazione geografica tipica is the third of four classifications of wine recognized by the government of Italy.

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Inner Carniola

Inner Carniola (Notranjska) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the southwestern part of the larger Carniola region. It comprises the Hrušica karst plateau up to Postojna Gate, bordering the Slovenian Littoral (Goriška) in the west. Its administrative and economic center of the region is Postojna, while other minor centers include Logatec, Cerknica, Pivka and Ilirska Bistrica.

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Ippolito d'Este

Ippolito (I) d'Este (Estei Hippolit; 20 March 1479 – 3 September 1520) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, and Archbishop of Esztergom.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Istrian Italians

Istrian Italians are an ethnic group in the northern Adriatic region of Istria, related to the Italian people of Italy.

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Istrian stew

The Istrian stew or jota (Istarska jota; Jota, Jota) is a stew, made of beans, sauerkraut or sour turnip, potatoes, bacon, spare ribs, known in the northern Adriatic region.

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Italian Argentines

Italian Argentines (italo-argentini, ítalo-argentinos) are Argentine-born citizens of Italian descent or Italian-born people who reside in Argentina.

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Italian Brazilians

Italian Brazilians (Italobrasiliani, Ítalo-brasileiros) are Brazilian citizens of full or partial Italian descent.

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Italian meal structure

Italian meal structure is similar to most other European ones, consisting of breakfast, lunch, and supper.

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Italian South Africans

Italian South Africans (Italo-sudafricani) are South Africans who have full or partial Italian ancestry.

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Italian unification

Italian unification (Unità d'Italia), or the Risorgimento (meaning "the Resurgence" or "revival"), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.

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Italian wine

Italy is home to some of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world, and Italian wines are known worldwide for their broad variety.

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Italian-American cuisine

Italian-American cuisine is a style of Italian cuisine adapted throughout the United States.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Kaiserschmarrn

Kaiserschmarrn or Kaiserschmarren (Emperor's Mess) is a shredded pancake, which has its name from the Austrian emperor (Kaiser) Franz Joseph I, who was very fond of this kind of fluffy shredded pancake.

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Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Regno dê Doje Sicilie, Regnu dî Dui Sicili, Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the largest of the states of Italy before the Italian unification.

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Knödel

Knödel, or Klöße are boiled dumplings commonly found in Central European and East European cuisine.

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L'Aquila

L'Aquila (meaning "The Eagle") is a city and comune in Southern Italy, both the capital city of the Abruzzo region and of the Province of L'Aquila.

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Lacinato kale

Lacinato kale (called cavolo nero, literally "black cabbage", in Italian and often in English) is a variety of kale with a long tradition in Italian cuisine, especially that of Tuscany.

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Lake Albano

Lake Albano (Italian: Lago Albano or Lago di Castel Gandolfo) is a small volcanic crater lake in the Alban Hills of Lazio, at the foot of Monte Cavo, southeast of Rome.

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Lake Garda

Lake Garda (Lago di Garda or Lago Benàco, Benacus; Lach de Garda; Łago de Garda) is the largest lake in Italy.

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Lake Maggiore

Lake Maggiore (Lago Maggiore, literally 'Greater Lake') or Lago Verbàno (Lacus Verbanus) is a large lake located on the south side of the Alps.

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Lake Trasimeno

Lake Trasimeno (Lago Trasimeno,; Trasumennus; Etruscan Tarśmina), also referred to as Trasimene or Thrasimene in English, is a lake in the province of Perugia, in the Umbria region of Italy.

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Lamb and mutton

Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of domestic sheep (species Ovis aries) at different ages.

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Lasagne

Lasagne (singular lasagna) are wide, flat pasta, and possibly one of the oldest types of pasta.

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Lasca

Lasca (also called Laska or Laskers) is a draughts (or checkers) variant, invented by the second World Chess Champion Emanuel Lasker (1868–1941).

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Latte

A latte is a coffee drink made with espresso and steamed milk.

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Latte macchiato

Latte macchiato is a coffee beverage; the name literally means stained milk.

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Lazio

Lazio (Latium) is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy.

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Leek

The leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum, the broadleaf wild leek.

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Legume

A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae).

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Leibniz Institute of European History

The Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG) in Mainz, Germany, is an independent, public research institute that carries out and promotes historical research on the foundations of Europe in the early and late Modern period.

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Lemon

The lemon, Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, is a species of small evergreen tree in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia.

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Lent

Lent (Latin: Quadragesima: Fortieth) is a solemn religious observance in the Christian liturgical calendar that begins on Ash Wednesday and ends approximately six weeks later, before Easter Sunday.

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Libya

Libya (ليبيا), officially the State of Libya (دولة ليبيا), is a sovereign state in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.

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Liguria

Liguria (Ligûria, Ligurie) is a coastal region of north-western Italy; its capital is Genoa.

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Limoncello

Limoncello is an Italian lemon liqueur mainly produced in Southern Italy, especially in the region around the Gulf of Naples, the Sorrentine Peninsula and the coast of Amalfi, and islands of Procida, Ischia, and Capri.

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Linguine

Linguine is a type of pasta similar to fettuccine and trenette but elliptical in section rather than flat.

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Liquor

Liquor (also hard liquor, hard alcohol, or spirits) is an alcoholic drink produced by distillation of grains, fruit, or vegetables that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation.

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List of Italian cheeses

This is a list of Italian cheeses.

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List of Italian dishes

This is a list of Italian dishes and foods.

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List of Italian DOP cheeses

thumb This List of DOP Italian cheeses includes all the Italian cheeses which have Denominazione di Origine Protetta ("Protected Designation of Origin"), or DOP, status under European Union regulations.

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List of Italian restaurants

This is a list of notable Italian restaurants.

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List of Italian soups

This is a list of notable Italian soups.

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List of pizza chains

This list of pizza chains includes notable pizzerias and pizza chains.

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List of root vegetables

Root vegetables are plant roots and tubers eaten by humans as food.

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Liver and onions

Liver and onions is a dish consisting of slices of liver (usually pork, beef or, in the United Kingdom, lamb) and onions; onion is favoured as an accompaniment to liver as the flavour of onion "cuts" the somewhat metallic flavour of liver, which can be off-putting to some eaters.

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Lobster

Lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans.

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Lombardy

Lombardy (Lombardia; Lumbardia, pronounced: (Western Lombard), (Eastern Lombard)) is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country, with an area of.

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Lucanica

Lucanica was a short, fat, rustic pork sausage in Ancient Roman cuisine.

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Macaroni

Macaroni is a variety of dry pasta traditionally shaped and produced in various shapes and sizes.

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Macerata

Macerata is a city and comune in central Italy, the county seat of the province of Macerata in the Marche region.

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Maghreb cuisine

Maghreb cuisine is the cooking of the Maghreb region, the northwesternmost part of Africa along the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of the countries of Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Mantua

Mantua (Mantova; Emilian and Latin: Mantua) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name.

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Maratelli

Maratelli is a semifino rice native to the Asigliano Vercellese province of Vercelli in northern Italy.

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Marcella Hazan

Marcella Hazan (née Polini; April 15, 1924 – September 29, 2013) was an Italian-born cooking writer whose books were published in English.

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Marche

Marche, or the Marches, is one of the twenty regions of Italy.

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Maremma

The Maremma is a coastal area of western central Italy, bordering the Tyrrhenian Sea.

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Maremmana

The Maremmana is a breed of cattle reared in the Maremma, a former marshland region in southern Tuscany and northern Lazio in central Italy.

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Marjoram

Marjoram (Origanum majorana) is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavors.

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Marmalade

Marmalade generally refers to a fruit preserve made from the juice and peel of citrus fruits boiled with sugar and water.

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Marron glacé

A marron glacé (plural marrons glacés) is a confection, originating in southern France and northern Italy consisting of a chestnut candied in sugar syrup and glazed.

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Marsala wine

Marsala is a wine, dry or sweet, produced in the region surrounding the Italian city of Marsala in Sicily.

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Martini & Rossi

Martini & Rossi is an Italian multinational alcoholic beverage company primarily associated with the Martini brand of vermouth and also with sparkling wine (for example, Asti).

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Martini (vermouth)

Martini is a brand of Italian vermouth, named after the Martini & Rossi Distilleria Nazionale di Spirito di Vino, in Turin.

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Martino da Como

Martino de Rossi (or Martino de Rubeis, called Maestro Martino or Martino of Como), was an Italian 15th-century culinary expert who was unequalled in his field at the time and could be considered the Western world's first celebrity chef.

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Mascarpone

Mascarpone is an Italian cream cheese coagulated by the addition of certain acidic substances such as lemon juice, vinegar, citric acid or acetic acid.

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Müller-Thurgau

Müller-Thurgau is a white grape variety (sp. Vitis vinifera) which was created by Hermann Müller from the Swiss Canton of Thurgau in 1882.

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Mediterranean cuisine

Mediterranean cuisine is the foods and methods of preparation by people of the Mediterranean Basin region.

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Melon

A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet edible, fleshy fruit.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Milan

Milan (Milano; Milan) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,380,873 while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,235,000.

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Milanesa

The milanesa (in Italian "cotoletta alla milanese") is a South American variation of an Italian dish where generic types of breaded meat fillet preparations are known as a milanesa.

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Mineral water

Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds.

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Minestrone

Minestrone is a thick soup of Italian origin made with vegetables, often with the addition of pasta or rice, sometimes both.

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Mirto (liqueur)

Mirto (licòre/-i de murta in Sardinian, licòr di mortula in Corsican) is a popular liqueur in the islands of Sardinia, Corsica and Capraia.

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Modena

Modena (Mutna; Mutina; Modenese: Mòdna) is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.

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Moka pot

The moka pot is a stove-top or electric coffee maker that brews coffee by passing boiling water pressurized by steam through ground coffee.

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Molise

Molise is a region of Southern Italy.

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Montasio

Montasio is a mountain cheese made from cow's milk produced in northeastern Italy in the regions of Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto.

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Montepulciano d'Abruzzo

Montepulciano d'Abruzzo is a red Italian wine made from the Montepulciano wine grape in the Abruzzo region of east-central Italy.

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Moray eel

Moray eels, or Muraenidae, are a cosmopolitan family of eels.

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Morellino di Scansano

Morellino di Scansano DOCG is an Italian red wine made in the hilly environs of the village of Scansano, GR, in the Maremma region of coastal Tuscany, which has an ancient but obscure tradition of winemaking.

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Mortadella

Mortadella is a large Italian sausage or luncheon meat (salume) made of finely hashed or ground, heat-cured pork, which incorporates at least 15% small cubes of pork fat (principally the hard fat from the neck of the pig).

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Moscato d'Asti

Moscato d'Asti is a DOCG sparkling white wine produced mainly in the province of Asti, northwest Italy, and in smaller nearby regions in the provinces of Alessandria and Cuneo.

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Mostarda

Mostarda di frutta (sometime also called only mostarda) is a Northern Italian condiment made of candied fruit and a mustard-flavoured syrup.

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Mozzarella

Mozzarella is a traditionally southern Italian cheese made from Italian buffalo's milk by the pasta filata method.

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Mushroom

A mushroom, or toadstool, is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.

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Naples

Naples (Napoli, Napule or; Neapolis; lit) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Narni

Narni (in Latin, Narnia) is an ancient hilltown and comune of Umbria, in central Italy, with 20,385 inhabitants (2008 census).

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Neapolitan cuisine

Neapolitan cuisine has ancient historical roots that date back to the Greco-Roman period, which was enriched over the centuries by the influence of the different cultures that controlled Naples and its kingdoms, such as that of Aragon and France.

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Neapolitan flip coffee pot

The Neapolitan flip coffee pot (napoletana or caffettiera napoletana,; cuccumella) is a drip brew coffeemaker for the stove top that was very popular in Italy until last century.

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Nebbiolo

Nebbiolo (Italian), or Nebieul (Piedmontese) is an Italian red wine grape variety predominantly associated with its native Piedmont region, where it makes the Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) wines of Barolo, Barbaresco, Roero, Gattinara and Ghemme.

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Negroni

The Negroni is an iconic Italian cocktail, made of one part gin, one part vermouth rosso (red, semi-sweet), and one part Campari, garnished with orange peel.

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New World

The New World is one of the names used for the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas (including nearby islands such as those of the Caribbean and Bermuda).

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Nib sugar

Nib sugar (also pearl sugar and hail sugar) is a product of refined white sugar.

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Nocino

Nocino is a sticky dark brown liqueur from the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy.

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Norcia

Norcia, traditionally known in English by its Latin name of Nursia, is a town and comune in the province of Perugia (Italy) in southeastern Umbria.

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Normans

The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Normanni) were the people who, in the 10th and 11th centuries, gave their name to Normandy, a region in France.

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Northern Italy

Northern Italy (Italia settentrionale or just Nord) is a geographical region in the northern part of Italy.

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Nougat

Nougat (or;; Azerbaijani: لوکا; Persian: نوقا) is a family of confections made with sugar or honey, roasted nuts (almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, and macadamia nuts are common), whipped egg whites, and sometimes chopped candied fruit.

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Nut roll

A nut roll is a pastry consisting of a sweet yeast dough (usually using milk) that is rolled out very thin, spread with a nut paste made from ground nuts and a sweetener like honey, then rolled up into a log shape.

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Nutella

Nutella is a brand of sweetened hazelnut cocoa spread manufactured by the Italian company Ferrero that was first introduced in 1965, although its first iteration dates to 1963.

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Oil

An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (does not mix with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (mixes with other oils, literally "fat loving").

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Olive

The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.

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Olive oil

Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained from olives (the fruit of Olea europaea; family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin.

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Onion

The onion (Allium cepa L., from Latin cepa "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium.

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Orange (fruit)

The orange is the fruit of the citrus species ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' in the family Rutaceae.

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Orange juice

Orange juice is the liquid extract of the orange tree fruit, produced by squeezing oranges.

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Orecchiette

Orecchiette is a pasta that is popular in Southern Italy.

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Orvieto DOC

Orvieto is an Italian wine region located in Umbria and Lazio, centered on the comune of Orvieto.

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Ossobuco

Ossobuco (Milanese) is a Milanese speciality of cross-cut veal shanks braised with vegetables, white wine and broth.

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Osteria

An osteria (plural osterie) in Italy was originally a place serving wine and simple food.

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Paddraccio

Paddraccio is a cheese characteristic of Rotonda, Basilicata in southern Italy.

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Padua

Padua (Padova; Pàdova) is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy.

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Pale lager

Pale lager is a very pale-to-golden-colored lager beer with a well attenuated body and a varying degree of noble hop bitterness.

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Pallone di Gravina

The Pallone di Gravina is a firm, cow's milk cheese from the regions of Basilicata and Apulia in south-east Italy.

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Pancetta

Pancetta is an Italian bacon made of pork belly meat, that is salt cured and spiced with black pepper, and sometimes other spices.

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Pandoro

Pandoro is a traditional Italian sweet yeast bread, most popular around Christmas and New Year.

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Pane carasau

Pane carasau (from the past participle of Sardinian verb carasare "to toast", referring to the crust) is a traditional flatbread from Sardinia.

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Panettone

Panettone (pronounced) is an Italian type of sweet bread loaf originally from Milan (in Milanese dialect of the Lombard language it is called paneton), usually prepared and enjoyed for Christmas and New Year in Western, Southern and Southeastern Europe as well as in the Horn of Africa, and to a lesser extent in former French, Spanish and Portuguese colonies.

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Panforte

Panforte is a traditional chewy Italian dessert containing fruits and nuts.

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Pani ca meusa

Pani ca meusa (Sicilian: pani câ mèusa) is a Sicilian street food.

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Panini (sandwich)

In many English-speaking countries, a panini or panino (from the Italian panini, meaning "small bread, bread rolls") is a grilled sandwich made from bread other than sliced bread.

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Panpepato

Panpepato (Italian: "peppered bread") or pampepato is a round, sweet cake typical of the Province of Ferrara, Siena, the Province of Terni, of Sabina and the Valle Latina.

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Pappa al pomodoro

Pappa al pomodoro is a thick Tuscan bread soup typically prepared with fresh tomatoes, bread, olive oil, garlic, basil, and various other fresh ingredients.

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Pappardelle

Pappardelle (sing.: pappardella) are large, very broad, flat pasta noodles, similar to wide fettuccine.

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Parboiling

Parboiling (or leaching) is the partial boiling of food as the first step in cooking.

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Parmigiana

Parmigiana (also parmigiana di melanzane, or melanzane alla parmigiana or shortened as Parma, in Australian English called eggplant parmesan) is an Italian dish made with a shallow or deep-fried sliced eggplant (also called aubergine) filling, layered with cheese and tomato sauce, then baked.

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Parmigiano-Reggiano

Parmigiano-Reggiano is an Italian hard, granular cheese.

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Parrina

Parrina is a small Italian Denominazione di Origine Controllata comprising parts of the commune of Orbetello in the province of Grosseto, Tuscany.

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Passerine

A passerine is any bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species.

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Pasta

Pasta is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.

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Pasta alla Norma

Pasta alla Norma is a pasta dish in Sicilian cuisine created originally in Catania, Sicily, Italy.

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Pasta e fagioli

Pasta e fagioli, meaning "pasta and beans", is a traditional Italian dish.

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Pastiera

Pastiera napoletana is a type of Neapolitan tart made with cooked wheat, eggs, ricotta cheese, and flavoured with orange flower water.

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Patriarchate of Aquileia

The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an episcopal see in northeastern Italy, centred on the ancient city of Aquileia situated at the head of the Adriatic, on what is now the Italian seacoast.

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Pea

The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit Pisum sativum.

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Pecorino di Filiano

Pecorino di Filiano, is a firm cheese from the Italian region of Basilicata which is made from sheep milk.

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Pecorino Romano

Pecorino Romano is a hard, salty Italian cheese, often used for grating, made out of sheep's milk (the Italian word pecora, from which the name derives, means sheep).

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Pellegrino Artusi

Pellegrino Artusi (Forlimpopoli, near Forlì, August 4, 1820 – Florence, March 30, 1911) was an Italian businessman and writer, best known as the author of the cookbook La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiar bene ("Science in the Kitchen and the Art of Eating Well").

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Penne

Penne is a type of pasta with cylinder-shaped pieces.

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Perch

Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae.

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Peroni Brewery

Peroni Brewery is a brewing company, founded by Francesco Peroni in Vigevano, Italy in 1846.

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Perugina

Perugina is an Italian chocolate confectionery company based in Perugia, Italy that was founded in 1907.

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Pesto

Pesto, sometimes spelled as pasto or to refer to the original dish pesto alla genovese, is a sauce originating in Genoa, the capital city of Liguria, Italy.

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Pheasant

Pheasants are birds of several genera within the subfamily Phasianinae, of the family Phasianidae in the order Galliformes.

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Piacenza

Piacenza (Piacentino: Piaṡëinsa) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.

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Piadina

Piadina or Piada is a thin Italian flatbread, typically prepared in the Romagna historical region (Forlì, Cesena, Ravenna and Rimini).

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Piave cheese

Piave is an Italian cow's milk cheese, that is named after the Piave river.

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Picenum

Picenum (Πικηνόν, Πικεντίνη) was a region of ancient Italy.

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Pici

Pici is thick, hand-rolled pasta, like fat spaghetti.

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Pickling

Pickling is the process of preserving or expanding the lifespan of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar.

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Piedmont

Piedmont (Piemonte,; Piedmontese, Occitan and Piemont; Piémont) is a region in northwest Italy, one of the 20 regions of the country.

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Pig

A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae.

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Pitina

Pitina, Peta or Petuccia is an Italian cold cut (salume) with origin in the Dolomites valleys of Tramonti di Sopra and Tramonti di Sotto, and River Cellina, of the province of Pordenone in Friuli, northeastern Italy.

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Pizza

Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.

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Pizzelle

Pizzelle (singular pizzella) are traditional Italian waffle cookies made from flour, eggs, sugar, butter or vegetable oil, and flavoring (usually anise or anisette, less commonly vanilla or lemon zest).

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Pizzoccheri

Pizzoccheri are a type of short tagliatelle, a flat ribbon pasta, made with 80% buckwheat flour and 20% wheat flour.

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Po Valley

The Po Valley, Po Plain, Plain of the Po, or Padan Plain (Pianura Padana, or Val Padana) is a major geographical feature of Northern Italy.

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Poaching (cooking)

Poaching is a type of moist-heat cooking technique that involves cooking by submerging food in a liquid, such as water, milk, stock or wine.

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Polenta

Polenta is a dish of boiled cornmeal that was historically made from other grains.

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Pope Pius V

Pope Saint Pius V (17 January 1504 – 1 May 1572), born Antonio Ghislieri (from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri, O.P.), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1566 to his death in 1572.

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Porchetta

Porchetta is a savoury, fatty, and moist boneless pork roast of Italian culinary tradition.

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Pork

Pork is the culinary name for meat from a domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus).

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Port wine

Port wine (also known as vinho do Porto,, Porto, and usually simply port) is a Portuguese fortified wine produced exclusively in the Douro Valley in the northern provinces of Portugal.

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Potato

The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.

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Potato chip

Potato chips or crisps are thin slices of potato that have been deep fried or baked until crunchy.

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Prosciutto

Prosciutto (Pronunciation of "Prosciutto". Cambridge dictionaries online.) is an Italian dry-cured ham that is usually thinly sliced and served uncooked; this style is called prosciutto crudo in Italian (or simply crudo) and is distinguished from cooked ham, prosciutto cotto.

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Prosecco

Prosecco is an Italian white wine.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Province of Pordenone

The province of Pordenone (provincia di Pordenone;; provincia de Pordenon) was a province in the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia in Italy.

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Province of Syracuse

The Province of Syracuse (Provincia di Siracusa; Sicilian: Pruvincia di Sarausa) is a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily in Italy.

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Province of Teramo

The Province of Teramo (provincia di Teramo; Abruzzese: pruvìngie de Tèreme) is located in the Abruzzo region of Italy.

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Province of Udine

The province of Udine (provincia di Udine, provincie di Udin, videmska pokrajina, Resian: Vydänskä provinčjä, provinz Udine) was a province in the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia.

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Pumpkin

A pumpkin is a cultivar of a squash plant, most commonly of Cucurbita pepo, that is round, with smooth, slightly ribbed skin, and deep yellow to orange coloration.

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Pythagoras

Pythagoras of Samos was an Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of the Pythagoreanism movement.

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Radicchio

Radicchio is a cultivated form of leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae) sometimes known as Italian chicory because it comes from Italian cuisine, and is a perennial.

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Rafanata

The Rafanata is an egg-based dish from the Italian region of Basilicata, particularly widespread in the province of Matera.

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Ragù

In Italian cuisine, ragù is a meat-based sauce that is commonly served with pasta.

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Ramandolo

Ramandolo is a sweet white Italian wine from the village of the same name which is situated in the hills near Nimis in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine region of northeast Italy.

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Rapini

Rapini, commonly marketed in the United States as broccoli raab or broccoli rabe, is a green cruciferous vegetable.

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Ratafia

Ratafia is a term used for two types of sweet alcoholic beverage, either a fortified wine or a fruit-based beverage.

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Ravenna

Ravenna (also locally; Ravèna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy.

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Ravioli

Ravioli (singular: raviolo) are a type of dumpling composed of a filling sealed between two layers of thin pasta dough.

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Rösti

Rösti or röschti is a Swiss dish consisting mainly of potatoes, in the style of a fritter.

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Refrigeration

Refrigeration is a process of removing heat from a low-temperature reservoir and transferring it to a high-temperature reservoir.

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Reggio Emilia

Reggio Emilia (also; Rèz, Regium Lepidi) is a city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region.

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Regions of Italy

The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni) are the first-level administrative divisions of Italy, constituting its second NUTS administrative level.

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Republic of Genoa

The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna,; Res Publica Ianuensis; Repubblica di Genova) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean.

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Republic of Pisa

The Republic of Pisa (Repubblica di Pisa) was a de facto independent state centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa during the late 10th and 11th centuries.

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Restaurant

A restaurant, or an eatery, is a business which prepares and serves food and drinks to customers in exchange for money.

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Ribollita

Ribollita is a famous Tuscan bread soup, a hearty potage made with bread and vegetables.

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Ricciarelli

Ricciarelli are traditional Italian biscuit - specifically, a type of macaroon - originating in 14th century Siena.

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Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).

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Rice and peas

Rice and peas or peas and rice is a traditional food in the African continent.

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Ricotta

Ricotta (in Italian) is an Italian whey cheese made from sheep, cow, goat, or Italian water buffalo milk whey left over from the production of other cheeses.

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Rieti

Rieti (Reate, Sabino: Riete) is a city and comune in Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 47,700.

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Rigatoni

Rigatoni are a form of tube-shaped pasta of varying lengths and diameters originating in Italy.

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Rigatoni con la pajata

Rigatoni con la pajata (Romanesco dialect; standard Italian rigatoni con la pagliata) is a classic dish of the Roman cuisine.

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Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro (River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas.

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Risotto

Risotto is a northern Italian rice dish cooked in a broth to a creamy consistency.

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Ristretto

Ristretto is traditionally a short shot of espresso coffee made with the normal amount of ground coffee but extracted with about half the amount of water in the same amount of time by using a finer grind.

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Robiola

Robiola is an Italian soft-ripened cheese of the Stracchino family.

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Roe deer

The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), also known as the western roe deer, chevreuil, or simply roe deer or roe, is a Eurasian species of deer.

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Romagna

Romagna (Romagnol: Rumâgna) is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Rome

Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).

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Rosemary

Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region.

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Rum baba

A rum baba or baba au rhum is a small yeast cake saturated in syrup made with hard liquor, usually rum, and sometimes filled with whipped cream or pastry cream.

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Rye bread

Rye bread is a type of bread made with various proportions of flour from rye grain.

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Saffron

Saffron (pronounced or) is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the "saffron crocus".

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Sagrantino di Montefalco

Sagrantino di Montefalco is the name given to Italian wines made with 100% Sagrantino grapes in and around the comune of Montefalco in the Province of Perugia, Umbria.

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Saint Joseph

Joseph (translit) is a figure in the Gospels who was married to Mary, Jesus' mother, and, in the Christian tradition, was Jesus's legal father.

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Saint Joseph's Day

Saint Joseph's Day, 19 March, the Feast of Saint Joseph is in Western Christianity the principal feast day of Saint Joseph, husband of the Blessed Virgin Mary and legal father of Jesus Christ.

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Salami

Salami (singular salame) is a type of cured sausage consisting of fermented and air-dried meat, typically beef or pork.

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Salt

Salt, table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.

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Saluggia

Saluggia (Salugia in Piedmontese) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin and about southwest of Vercelli, near the Dora Baltea river.

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Sambuca

Sambuca is an Italian anise-flavoured, usually colourless, liqueur.

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Sammarinese cuisine

As San Marino is a microstate completely landlocked by Italy, Sammarinese cuisine is strongly similar to the Italian cuisine, especially that of the adjoining Emilia-Romagna and Marche regions.

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San Daniele del Friuli

San Daniele del Friuli (Sant Denêl) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about northwest of Udine.

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San Miniato

San Miniato is a town and comune in the province of Pisa, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

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Sardine

"Sardine" and "pilchard" are common names used to refer to various small, oily fish in the herring family Clupeidae.

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Sardinia

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Sauerkraut

Sauerkraut is finely cut cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria.

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Sausage

A sausage is a cylindrical meat product usually made from ground meat, often pork, beef, or veal, along with salt, spices and other flavourings, and breadcrumbs, encased by a skin.

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São Paulo

São Paulo is a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil.

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Scallion

Scallions (green onion, spring onion and salad onion) are vegetables of various Allium onion species.

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Scampi

Scampi, also called Dublin Bay Prawn, or Norway Lobster, (Nephrops norvegicus), is an edible lobster of the order Decapoda (class Crustacea).

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Scardinius

Scardinius is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family commonly called rudds.

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Sea urchin

Sea urchins or urchins are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.

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Seasoning

Seasoning is the process of adding salt, herbs, or spices to food to enhance the flavour.

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Semolina

Semolina is the coarse, purified wheat middlings of durum wheat mainly used in making pasta and couscous.

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Sfogliatella

A sfogliatella (also common in plural form: sfogliatelle), sometimes called a lobster tail in English, is a shell-shaped filled Italian pastry native to Campania.

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Shepherd

A shepherd or sheepherder is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards herds of sheep.

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Shrimp

The term shrimp is used to refer to some decapod crustaceans, although the exact animals covered can vary.

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Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Side dish

A side dish, sometimes referred to as a side order, side item, or simply a side, is a food item that accompanies the entrée or main course at a meal.

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Slovene Istria

Slovene Istria (slovenska Istra, Istria slovena) is a region in southwest of Slovenia.

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Slovene Littoral

The Slovene Littoral (Primorska,; Litorale; Küstenland) is one of the five traditional regions of Slovenia.

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Slovenian cuisine

Slovenian cuisine (slovenska kuhinja) is influenced by the diversity of Slovenia's landscape, climate, history and neighbouring cultures.

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Slow Food

Slow Food is an organization that promotes local food and traditional cooking.

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Smoking (cooking)

Smoking is the process of flavoring, browning, cooking, or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood.

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Snail

Snail is a common name loosely applied to shelled gastropods.

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Soave (wine)

Soave (pronounced So-Ah-Ve) is a dry white Italian wine from the Veneto region in northeast Italy, principally around the city of Verona.

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Soft drink

A soft drink (see terminology for other names) typically contains carbonated water (although some lemonades are not carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural or artificial flavoring.

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Somalia

Somalia (Soomaaliya; aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe Federal Republic of Somalia is the country's name per Article 1 of the.

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Soppressata

Soppressata is an Italian dry salami.

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Sopressa

Sopressa is an Italian aged salami, produced with pork, lard, salt, pepper, spices and garlic.

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Sorrentino

Sorrentino is a surname of Italian origin, meaning literally "Sorrentinian" or "from Sorrento" The name refers to.

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Sorrento

Sorrento (Surriento) is a town overlooking the Bay of Naples in Southern Italy.

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Soup

Soup is a primarily liquid food, generally served warm or hot (but may be cool or cold), that is made by combining ingredients of meat or vegetables with stock, juice, water, or another liquid.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South Tyrol

South Tyrol is an autonomous province in northern Italy.

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Southern Italy

Southern Italy or Mezzogiorno (literally "midday") is a macroregion of Italy traditionally encompassing the territories of the former Kingdom of the two Sicilies (all the southern section of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily), with the frequent addition of the island of Sardinia.

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Spaghetti

Spaghetti is a long, thin, solid, cylindrical pasta.

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Spaghetti alla puttanesca

Spaghetti alla puttanesca (literally "spaghetti in the style of a whore" in Italian) is an Italian pasta dish invented in Naples in the mid-20th century.

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Sparidae

The Sparidae are a family of fish in the order Perciformes, commonly called sea breams and porgies.

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Sparkling wine

Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy.

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Spätzle

Spätzle (Swabian diminutive plural of Spatz, thus literally "little sparrows", also Spätzli or Chnöpfli in Switzerland or Knöpfle or Hungarian Nokedli, Csipetke or Galuska) are a kind of soft egg noodle found in the cuisines of southern Germany and Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, Moselle and South Tyrol.

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Speck

Speck is an English word meaning "fat", attested since the early 17th century.

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Speck Alto Adige PGI

Speck Alto Adige PGI (Ladin language: Cioce; German: Südtiroler Speck g.g.A.) is a dry-cured, lightly smoked ham (not prosciutto), produced in South Tyrol, northern Italy.

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Spice

A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food.

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Spinach

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia.

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Spiny lobster

Spiny lobsters, also known as langustas, langouste, or rock lobsters, are a family (Palinuridae) of about 60 species of achelate crustaceans, in the Decapoda Reptantia.

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Spoleto

Spoleto (Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines.

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Spritz (alcoholic beverage)

The Spritz (German: "splash" / "sparkling", also called Spritz Veneziano or just Veneziano) is a wine-based cocktail commonly served as an aperitif in Northeast Italy.

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Squid

Squid are cephalopods of the two orders Myopsida and Oegopsida, which were formerly regarded as two suborders of the order Teuthida, however recent research shows Teuthida to be paraphyletic.

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Stockfish

Stockfish is unsalted fish, especially cod, dried by cold air and wind on wooden racks (which is called "hjell" in Norway) on the foreshore.

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Stracchino

Stracchino, also known as crescenza, is a type of Italian cow’s-milk cheese, typical of Lombardy, Piedmont, Veneto, and Liguria.

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Strozzapreti

Strozzapreti ("priest-choker" or "priest-strangler" in Italian) are an elongated form of cavatelli, or hand-rolled pasta typical of the Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Marche and Umbria regions of Italy as well as in the state of San Marino.

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Struffoli

Struffoli (struffule) is a Neapolitan dish made of deep fried balls of dough about the size of marbles.

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Suckling pig

A suckling pig is a piglet fed on its mother's milk (i.e., a piglet which is still a "suckling").

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Sugar

Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.

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Sugar beet

A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and which is grown commercially for sugar production.

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Supplì

Supplì (Italianization of the French word surprise) are Italian snacks consisting of a ball of rice (generally risotto) with tomato sauce, typical of Roman cuisine.

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Swordfish

Swordfish (Xiphias gladius), also known as broadbills in some countries, are large, highly migratory, predatory fish characterized by a long, flat bill.

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T-bone steak

The T-bone and porterhouse are steaks of beef cut from the short loin (called the sirloin in Commonwealth countries and Ireland).

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Tagliatelle

Tagliatelle and tagliolini (from the Italian tagliare, meaning "to cut") are a traditional type of pasta from the Emilia-Romagna and Marche regions of Italy.

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Taglierini

Taglierini (or Tagliolini) is a type of ribbon pasta, long like Spaghetti, two to three mm or roughly a tenth of an inch wide, similar to tagliatelle, but thin like Capellini.

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Taleggio cheese

Taleggio is a semisoft, washed-rind, smear-ripened Italian cheese that is named after Val Taleggio.

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Taralli

Taralli are toroidal Italian snack foods, common all over the southern half of the Italian Peninsula.

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Taurasi DOCG

Taurasi and Taurasi riserva are red, still Italian wines based principally on the Aglianico grape variety produced in the Province of Avellino in the Campania region.

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Tench

The tench or doctor fish (Tinca tinca) is a fresh- and brackish-water fish of the cyprinid family found throughout Eurasia from Western Europe including the British Isles east into Asia as far as the Ob and Yenisei Rivers.

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Tenuta San Guido

Tenuta San Guido is an Italian wine producer in the DOC Bolgheri in Toscana, known as a producer of "Super Tuscan" wine.

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Thrillist

Thrillist is an online media website covering food, drink, travel and entertainment.

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Thymallus

Thymallus is a genus of freshwater fish in the salmon family Salmonidae; it is the only genus of subfamily Thymallinae.

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Tiber

The Tiber (Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio, where it is joined by the river Aniene, to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino.

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Timballo

Timballo is an Italian baked dish consisting of pasta, rice, or potatoes, with one or more other ingredients (cheese, meat, fish, vegetables, or fruit) included.

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Tiramisu

Tiramisu (from the Italian language, spelled tiramisù, from the Venetian tiramesù, meaning "pick me up", "cheer me up" or "lift me up") is a coffee-flavoured Italian dessert.

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Tolmezzo

Tolmezzo (Tumieç, Tolmeč, archaic Tolmein or Schönfeld) is a town and comune in the province of Udine, part of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of north-eastern Italy.

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Tomato

The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit/berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as a tomato plant.

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Tomato sauce

Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and Salsa di pomodoro in Italian) can refer to a large number of different sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish, rather than as a condiment.

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Tortellini

Tortellini are ring-shaped pasta, sometimes also described as "navel shaped", hence their alternative name of "belly button" (ombelico).

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Tramezzino

The tramezzino is a usually triangular sandwich constructed from two slices of soft white bread, with the crusts removed.

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Trapani

Trapani (Tràpani; Drepanon, Δρέπανον) is a city and comune on the west coast of Sicily in Italy.

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Trattoria

A trattoria is an Italian-style eating establishment, less formal than a ristorante, but more formal than an osteria.

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Trebbiano

Trebbiano is an Italian wine grape, one of the most widely planted grape varieties in the world.

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Trenette

Trenette is a type of narrow, flat, dried pasta from Genoa and Liguria.

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Trentino

Trentino, officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north.

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Treviso

Treviso (Venetian: Trevixo) is a city and comune in the Veneto region of northern Italy.

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Troccoli

Troccoli is a thick spaghetti-like pasta featuring a square or oval cross section.

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Trout

Trout is the common name for a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus, all of the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae.

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Truffle

A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean Ascomycete fungus, predominantly one of the many species of the genus Tuber.

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Tuber melanosporum

Tuber melanosporum, called the black truffle, Périgord truffle or French black truffle, is a species of truffle native to Southern Europe.

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Tuna

A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a sub-grouping of the mackerel family (Scombridae).

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Turbot

The turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a species of flatfish in the family Scophthalmidae.

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Turin

Turin (Torino; Turin) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy.

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Turkey (bird)

The turkey is a large bird in the genus Meleagris, which is native to the Americas.

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Turrón

Turrón), or torrone, is a southern European nougat confection, typically made of honey, sugar, and egg white, with toasted almonds or other nuts, and usually shaped into either a rectangular tablet or a round cake. It is frequently consumed as a traditional Christmas dessert in Spain and Italy as well as countries formerly under the Spanish Empire, particularly in Latin America.

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Tuscany

Tuscany (Toscana) is a region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants (2013).

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Umami

Umami, or savory taste, is one of the five basic tastes (together with sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and saltiness).

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Umbria

Umbria is a region of central Italy.

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University of Gastronomic Sciences

The University of Gastronomic Sciences (UNISG) is an international academic institution in northern Italy.

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Val Polcevera

The Val Polcevera is one of the main valleys of the Italian city of Genoa, which takes its name from the Polcevera.

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Valdichiana

The Val di Chiana, Valdichiana, or Chiana Valley is an alluvial valley of central Italy, lying on the territories of the provinces of Arezzo and Siena in Tuscany and the provinces of Perugia and Terni in Umbria.

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Vallée d'Aoste Lard d'Arnad

Vallée d’Aoste Lard d’Arnad (PDO) is a variety of lardo (a cured pork product) produced exclusively within the municipal boundaries of the commune of Arnad in lower Aosta Valley, Italy.

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Valpolicella

Valpolicella is a viticultural zone of the province of Verona, Italy, east of Lake Garda.

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Valtellina

Valtellina or the Valtelline (occasionally spelled as two words in English: Val Telline; Vuclina, Valtelina); Veltlin, Valtellina, Valtulina, Vuclina, is a valley in the Lombardy region of northern Italy, bordering Switzerland.

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Veal Milanese

Veal Milanese, or Veal alla Milanese is an Italian dish, a popular variety of cotoletta.

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Veneto

Veneto (or,; Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

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Venezuelan cuisine

Due to its world, its diversity of industrial resources and the cultural diversity of the Venezuelan people, Venezuelan cuisine often varies greatly from one region to another.

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Venice

Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

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Vercelli

Vercelli (Vërsèj in Piedmontese), is a city and comune of 46.552 inhabitants (1-1-2017) in the Province of Vercelli, Piedmont, northern Italy.

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Verjuice

Verjuice (from Middle French vertjus "green juice") is a highly acidic juice made by pressing unripe grapes, crab-apples or other sour fruit.

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Vermouth

Vermouth is an aromatized, fortified wine flavored with various botanicals (roots, barks, flowers, seeds, herbs, and spices).

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Vernaccia di San Gimignano

Vernaccia is a white Italian wine, made from the Vernaccia grape, produced in and around the Italian hill town of San Gimignano in Tuscany.

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Vicia faba

Vicia faba, also known as the broad bean, fava bean, faba bean, field bean, bell bean, or tic bean, is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae.

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Victor Emmanuel II of Italy

Victor Emmanuel II (Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia from 1849 until 17 March 1861.

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Vienna sausage

A Vienna sausage (Wiener Würstchen, Wiener; Viennese/Austrian German: Frankfurter Würstel or Würstl; Swiss German Wienerli; Swabian: Wienerle or Saitenwurst) is a thin parboiled sausage traditionally made of pork and beef in a casing of sheep's intestine, then given a low temperature smoking.

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Vinegar

Vinegar is a liquid consisting of about 5–20% acetic acid (CH3COOH), water (H2O), and trace chemicals that may include flavorings.

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Viterbo

Viterbo (Viterbese: Veterbe, Viterbium) is an ancient city and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo.

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Vulture (region)

The Vulture (italic), also known as the Vulture-Melfese or Vulture-Alto Bradano is a geographical and historical region in the northern part of the province of Potenza, in the Basilicata region of Italy.

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Water buffalo

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) or domestic Asian water buffalo is a large bovid originating in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China.

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Watermelon

Citrullus lanatus is a plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, a vine-like (scrambler and trailer) flowering plant originally from Africa.

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Whitefish (fisheries term)

Whitefish or white fish is a fisheries term for several species of demersal fish with fins, particularly Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum), whiting (Merluccius bilinearis), and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), but also hake (Urophycis), pollock (Pollachius), or others.

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Whole-wheat flour

Whole-wheat flour (in the US) or wholemeal flour (in the UK) is a powdery substance, a basic food ingredient, derived by grinding or mashing the whole grain of wheat, also known as the wheatberry.

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Wiener schnitzel

Wiener schnitzel, sometimes spelled Wienerschnitzel, as in Austrian, is a type of schnitzel made of a thin, breaded, pan-fried veal cutlet.

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Wild boar

The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine,Heptner, V. G.; Nasimovich, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; Hoffman, R. S. (1988), Volume I, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, pp.

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Wine

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.

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Yolk

Among animals which produce one, the yolk (also known as the vitellus) is the nutrient-bearing portion of the egg whose primary function is to supply food for the development of the embryo.

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Zeppole

A zeppola (plural: zeppole; sometimes called frittelle) is an Italian pastry consisting of a deep-fried dough ball of varying size but typically about in diameter.

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Zucchini

The zucchini (American English) or courgette (British English) is a summer squash which can reach nearly in length, but is usually harvested when still immature at about.

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Zuppa Inglese

Zuppa Inglese (Italian for "English soup"; Albanian: Zupa) is an Italian dessert layering custard and sponge cake, perhaps derived from trifle.

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Cuisine of Italy, Cuisine of Sardinia, Cuisine of Tuscany, Cusine of Italy, Fette biscottate, Gastronomy of Italy, Italalian cuisine, Italian Cuisine, Italian cooking, Italian cusine, Italian food, Italian liqueur, Italian restaurant, Northern Italian cuisine, Sardinian cuisine, Tuscan cooking, Tuscan cuisine.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cuisine

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