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431 relations: Adolf Hitler, Aerial warfare, Agence France-Presse, Air raids on Japan, Airman, Akihito, Akira Makino, Allied war crimes during World War II, Allies of World War I, Allies of World War II, American imperialism, Amitai Etzioni, Anthrax, Anti-Japanese sentiment, Anti-Japanese sentiment in China, Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea, Arnold Brackman, Asahi Shimbun, Asian Women's Fund, Assassination, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Australia, AuthorHouse, Ōke, Bahay na Pula, Balalae Island, Bangka Island massacre, Baron Russell of Liverpool, Bataan Death March, Battle of Ambon, Battle of Changde, Battle of Hong Kong, Battle of Iwo Jima, Battle of Manila (1945), Battle of Midway, Battle of Saipan, Battle of Singapore, Battle of Vella Lavella (naval), Battle of Wuhan, Bert Röling, Betrayal, Biological warfare, Boeing B-29 Superfortress, Bomber, Bombing of Singapore (1941), Bombing of Tokyo, Bonin Islands, Bonner Fellers, British Raj, ..., British war crimes, Brothel, Bubonic plague, Burma Railway, California, Canada, Cannibalism, Capital punishment, Chancellor of Germany (1949–present), Changjiao massacre, Chemical warfare, Chemical weapon, Chichijima incident, Chief of staff, China, China proper, China–Japan relations, Chinese culture, Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Singaporeans, Chlorine, Chloropicrin, Cholera, Church (building), Citizenship, Civil war, Cold War, Collaboration, Combatant, Comfort women, Command responsibility, Communist Party of China, Conspiracy theory, Constitutional monarchy, Court-martial, Crime against peace, Crimes against humanity, Customary international law, Cyanide, Dachang Hui Autonomous County, Deception, Declaration of war, Democide, Dogeza, Doolittle Raid, Doubleday (publisher), Douglas MacArthur, Drumhead court-martial, East Asia, East Timor, Editorial, Effectiveness of torture for interrogation, Eleventh Army (Japan), Embracing Defeat, Emperor Meiji, Emperor of Japan, Empire of Japan, Empress Myeongseong, Enemy Airmen's Act, Euphemism, Europe, European emigration, Execution by firing squad, Federation of American Scientists, Fighter pilot, Flag of Japan, Forced Labour Convention, France, Frank Goettge, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fukuoka, Gen'yōsha, Geneva Convention (1929), Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field (1929), Genocide, German war crimes, Gestapo, Guadalcanal Campaign, Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, Hanging, Harry S. Truman, Harvard University Asia Center, Havildar, Hayato Ikeda, Hell ship, Herbert P. Bix, Hideki Tojo, Hirohito, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, Hiroshima, Historical negationism, Hong Sa-ik, Hui people, Human rights, Human trafficking, Ichirō Hatoyama, Imperial House of Japan, Imperial Japanese Army, Imperial Japanese Army Air Service, Imperial Japanese Navy, Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff, Imperialism, India, Indian Ocean raid (1944), Indochina, Indonesia, International Committee of the Red Cross, International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children, International humanitarian law, International Military Tribunal for the Far East, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Iris Chang, Isoroku Yamamoto, Italian war crimes, Japan, Japan Air Self-Defense Force, Japan and weapons of mass destruction, Japan-China Joint Communiqué, Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire, Japanese destroyer Arashi, Japanese history textbook controversies, Japanese imperial transition, 2019, Japanese militarism, Japanese nationalism, Japanese occupation of British Borneo, Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands, Japanese occupation of the Philippines, Japanese people, Japanese submarine I-8, Japanese yen, Java, Jesselton revolt, Jiji Press, Jimmy Doolittle, John Foster Dulles, John Toland (author), Joseon, Joseph B. 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Sharpe, Magelang, Malayan Campaign, Mamoru Shigemitsu, Manchukuo, Manhattan Project, Manila massacre, Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Mark Peattie, Masahiro Imamura, Matanikau River, Meiji Restoration, Member of Congress, Mike Honda, Military intelligence, Military justice, Military personnel, Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan), Ministry of the Navy (Japan), Moro people, Mosque, Mukden Incident, Murayama Statement, Murder, Museum, Myanmar, Nagasaki, Nanking Massacre, Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan, National Archives and Records Administration, Nazi crime, Nazi Germany, Nazi human experimentation, Netherlands, Neutral country, New Guinea, New Zealand, Nippon Kaigi, Nobusuke Kishi, Non-combatant, North America, North American B-25 Mitchell, North American P-51 Mustang, North Korea, Nuclear weapon, Occupation of Japan, Okinori Kaya, Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night, Operation Tiderace, Operation Vengeance, Osami Nagano, Osprey Publishing, Overseas Chinese, Pacific Ocean, Pacific Ocean theater of World War II, Pacific War, Pakistan, Palawan massacre, Pan-Asianism, Panjiayu Massacre, Pantheon Books, Pantingan River massacre, Parit Sulong, Parit Sulong Massacre, Perfidy, Philippines, Phosgene, Point Cruz, Political extremism in Japan, Pontianak incidents, Positive law, Potsdam Declaration, President of the United States, Prime Minister of Japan, Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu, Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni, Prince Yasuhiko Asaka, Prisoner of war, Property, Proportionality (law), PT boat, Qing dynasty, Racism, Random House, Rōmusha, Reconnaissance, Routledge, Rudolph Rummel, Russian Empire, Russo-Japanese War, Sadao Araki, Safe deposit box, Samuel Eliot Morison, San Diego, Sandakan Death Marches, Scalpel, Scorched earth, Second Sino-Japanese War, Secret police, Self-defense, Sergeant, Sexual slavery, Shōwa period, Shigenori Tōgō, Shigetarō Shimada, Shin'yō Maru incident, Shinzō Abe, Shirō Ishii, Singapore, Sinophobia, Sook Ching, South China Morning Post, South Korea, South Vietnam, Southeast Asia, Sovereignty, Soviet Union, Soviet war crimes, SS Tjisalak, St. Martin's Press, Statism in Shōwa Japan, Sterling Seagrave, Sulfur mustard, Summary execution, Supreme Court of Japan, Surrender of Japan, Tabloid (newspaper format), Taiwan, Tausūg people, Tear gas, The Age, The Guardian, The Japan Times, The Korea Times, The New York Times, The Rising Sun, The Washington Post, Three Alls Policy, Tinta Massacre Site, Tokubetsu Keisatsutai, Tokugawa shogunate, Tokyo, Tokyo Charter, Tomiichi Murayama, Torn Memories of Nanjing, Torture, Toshio Tamogami, Treaty of San Francisco, Treaty of Shimonoseki, Tributary, U.S. News & World Report, Ultimatum, Unfree labour, Unit 100, Unit 1855, Unit 516, Unit 731, Unit 8604, Unit 9420, Unit Ei 1644, United Kingdom, United States, United States Army Air Forces, United States declaration of war on Japan, United States dollar, United States House of Representatives, United States Marine Corps, United States Naval Institute, United States Pacific Fleet, United States war crimes, University of British Columbia Press, University of Hawaii, Uyoku dantai, Vergangenheitsbewältigung, Victor's justice, Vietnamese Famine of 1945, Vivisection, Waffen-SS, War crime, War crimes in Manchukuo, Warsaw Ghetto, White flag, William Webb (judge), Willy Brandt, Women's rights, World War I, World War II, Yamato people, Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu, Yasuji Kaneko, Yasukuni Shrine, Yoshiaki Yoshimi, Yoshio Tachibana, Yuki Tanaka (historian), Zhang Zuolin, 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations, 7th Marine Regiment (United States). Expand index (381 more) »
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
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Aerial warfare
Aerial warfare is the battlespace use of military aircraft and other flying machines in warfare.
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Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.
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Air raids on Japan
Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people.
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Airman
An Airman is a member of an air force or air arm of a nation's armed forces.
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Akihito
is the current Emperor of Japan.
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Akira Makino
(November 1922 – May 2007) was a former medic in the Imperial Japanese Navy who, in 2006, became the first Japanese ex-soldier to admit to the experiments conducted on human beings in the Philippines during World War II.
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Allied war crimes during World War II
Allied war crimes include both alleged and legally proven violations of the laws of war by the Allies of World War II against either civilians or military personnel of the Axis powers.
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Allies of World War I
The Allies of World War I, or Entente Powers, were the countries that opposed the Central Powers in the First World War.
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Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).
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American imperialism
American imperialism is a policy aimed at extending the political, economic, and cultural control of the United States government over areas beyond its boundaries.
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Amitai Etzioni
Amitai Etzioni (born Werner Falk, 4 January 1929) is an Israeli-American sociologist, best known for his work on socioeconomics and communitarianism.
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Anthrax
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
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Anti-Japanese sentiment
Anti-Japanese sentiment (also called Japanophobia, Nipponophobia and anti-Japanism) involves the hatred or fear of anything Japanese.
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Anti-Japanese sentiment in China
Anti-Japanese banner in Lijiang, Yunnan 2013. The Chinese reads "Japanese people not allowed to enter, disobey at your own risk." Anti-Japanese sentiment in China is among the strongest in the world.
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Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea
Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea (반일감정) refers to the anti-Japanese sentiment in Korean society, which originates from historic, cultural, and nationalistic sentiments.
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Arnold Brackman
Arnold Charles Brackman (March 6, 1923 – November 21, 1983) was an American journalist and author.
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Asahi Shimbun
The is one of the five national newspapers in Japan.
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Asian Women's Fund
, also abbreviated to アジア女性基金 in Japanese, was a fund set up by the Japanese government in 1994 to distribute monetary compensation to comfort women in South Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan, the Netherlands, and Indonesia.
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Assassination
Assassination is the killing of a prominent person, either for political or religious reasons or for payment.
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Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively.
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Attack on Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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AuthorHouse
AuthorHouse, formerly known as 1stBooks, is a self-publishing company based in the United States.
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Ōke
The, also known as the Old Imperial Family (旧皇族), were branches of the Japanese Imperial Family created from branches of the Fushimi-no-miya house.
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Bahay na Pula
The Bahay na Pula, also known as the Red House, is a former hacienda in San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Philippines.
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Balalae Island
Balalae Island (or Ballale/Ballali) is an island of the Shortland Islands Group in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands.
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Bangka Island massacre
The Bangka Island massacre was committed on 16 February 1942, when Imperial Japanese soldiers machine-gunned 22 Australian Army nurses and 60 Australian and British soldiers and crew members from two sunken ships.
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Baron Russell of Liverpool
Baron Russell of Liverpool, of Liverpool in the County Palatine of Lancaster, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
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Bataan Death March
The Bataan Death March (Filipino: Martsa ng Kamatayan sa Bataan; Japanese: バターン死の行進, Hepburn: Batān Shi no Kōshin) was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000–80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war from Saysain Point, Bagac, Bataan and Mariveles to Camp O'Donnell, Capas, Tarlac, via San Fernando, Pampanga, where the prisoners were loaded onto trains.
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Battle of Ambon
The Battle of Ambon (30 January – 3 February 1942) occurred on the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), during World War II.
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Battle of Changde
The Battle of Changde (Battle of Changteh) was a major engagement in the Second Sino-Japanese War in and around the Chinese city of Changde (Changteh) in the province of Hunan.
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Battle of Hong Kong
The Battle of Hong Kong (8–25 December 1941), also known as the Defence of Hong Kong and the Fall of Hong Kong, was one of the first battles of the Pacific War in World War II.
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Battle of Iwo Jima
The Battle of Iwo Jima (19 February – 26 March 1945) was a major battle in which the United States Marine Corps landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during World War II.
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Battle of Manila (1945)
The Battle of Manila (Filipino: Labanan sa Maynila) was a major battle of the Philippine campaign of 1944-45, during the Second World War.
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Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway was a decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II which occurred between 4 and 7 June 1942, only six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea.
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Battle of Saipan
The Battle of Saipan was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands from 15 June to 9 July 1944.
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Battle of Singapore
The Battle of Singapore, also known as the Fall of Singapore, was fought in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II when the Empire of Japan invaded the British stronghold of Singapore—nicknamed the "Gibraltar of the East".
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Battle of Vella Lavella (naval)
The was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II fought on the night of 6 October 1943, near the island of Vella Lavella in the Solomon Islands.
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Battle of Wuhan
The Battle of Wuhan, popularly known to the Chinese as the Defense of Wuhan, and to the Japanese as the Capture of Wuhan, was a large-scale battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Bert Röling
Bernard Victor Aloysius (Bert) Röling (26 December 1906 – 16 March 1985) was a Dutch jurist and founding father of polemology in the Netherlands.
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Betrayal
Betrayal is the breaking or violation of a presumptive contract, trust, or confidence that produces moral and psychological conflict within a relationship amongst individuals, between organizations or between individuals and organizations.
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Biological warfare
Biological warfare (BW)—also known as germ warfare—is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.
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Boeing B-29 Superfortress
The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is a four-engine propeller-driven heavy bomber designed by Boeing, which was flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War.
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Bomber
A bomber is a combat aircraft designed to attack ground and naval targets by dropping air-to-ground weaponry (such as bombs), firing torpedoes and bullets or deploying air-launched cruise missiles.
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Bombing of Singapore (1941)
The bombing of Singapore was an attack on 8 December 1941 by seventeen G3M ''Nell'' bombers of Mihoro Air Group (Mihoro Kaigun Kōkūtai), Imperial Japanese Navy, flying from Thu Dau Mot in southern Indochina.
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Bombing of Tokyo
The often refers to a series of firebombing air raids by the United States Army Air Forces during the Pacific campaigns of World War II.
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Bonin Islands
The Bonin Islands, also known as the, are an archipelago of over 30 subtropical and tropical islands, some directly south of Tokyo, Japan.
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Bonner Fellers
Bonner Frank Fellers (February 7, 1896 – October 7, 1973) was a U.S. Army officer who served during World War II as military attaché and psychological warfare director.
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British Raj
The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.
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British war crimes
British war crimes are acts by the armed forces of the United Kingdom which have allegedly violated the laws and customs of war since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.
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Brothel
A brothel or bordello is a place where people engage in sexual activity with prostitutes, who are sometimes referred to as sex workers.
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Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Burma Railway
The Burma Railway, also known as the Death Railway, the Siam–Burma Railway, the Thai–Burma Railway and similar names, was a railway between Ban Pong, Thailand, and Thanbyuzayat, Burma, built by the Empire of Japan in 1943 to support its forces in the Burma campaign of World War II.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Canada
Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.
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Cannibalism
Cannibalism is the act of one individual of a species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food.
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Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.
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Chancellor of Germany (1949–present)
The Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (in German called Bundeskanzler(in), meaning "Federal Chancellor", or in) for short) is, under the German 1949 Constitution, the head of government of Germany.
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Changjiao massacre
The Changjiao massacre was a massacre of Chinese civilians by the Japanese China Expeditionary Army in Changjiao, Hunan.
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Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons.
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Chemical weapon
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans.
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Chichijima incident
The Chichijima incident (also known as the Ogasawara incident) occurred in late 1944, when Japanese soldiers killed and consumed five American airmen on Chichi Jima, in the Bonin Islands.
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Chief of staff
The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supporting staff or a primary aide-de-camp to an important individual, such as a president or a senior military officer.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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China proper
China proper, Inner China or the Eighteen Provinces was a term used by Western writers on the Manchu Qing dynasty to express a distinction between the core and frontier regions of China.
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China–Japan relations
China–Japan relations or Sino-Nippon relations (日中関係; にっちゅうかんけい) refer to the international relations between the People's Republic of China and the State of Japan.
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Chinese culture
Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago.
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Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War
Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War were courted by both Chinese and Japanese generals, but tended to fight against the Japanese, with or without the support of higher echelons of other Chinese factions.
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Chinese Singaporeans
Chinese Singaporeans or Singaporean Chinese are people of full or partial Chineseparticularly Han Chineseancestry who hold Singaporean nationality.
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Chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
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Chloropicrin
Chloropicrin, also known as PS and nitrochloroform, is a chemical compound currently used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, and nematicide.
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Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
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Church (building)
A church building or church house, often simply called a church, is a building used for Christian religious activities, particularly for worship services.
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Citizenship
Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or belonging to a nation.
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Civil war
A civil war, also known as an intrastate war in polemology, is a war between organized groups within the same state or country.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Collaboration
Collaboration occurs when two or more people or organizations work together--> to realize or achieve a goal.
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Combatant
Combatant is a term of art which describes the legal status of an individual who has the right to engage in hostilities during an international armed conflict.
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Comfort women
Comfort women were women and girls forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army in occupied territories before and during World War II.
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Command responsibility
Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard, and also known as superior responsibility, is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes.
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Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.
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Conspiracy theory
A conspiracy theory is an explanation of an event or situation that invokes an unwarranted conspiracy, generally one involving an illegal or harmful act carried out by government or other powerful actors.
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Constitutional monarchy
A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution.
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Court-martial
A court-martial or court martial (plural courts-martial or courts martial, as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court.
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Crime against peace
A crime against peace, in international law, is "planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing".
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Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack or individual attack directed against any civilian or an identifiable part of a civilian population.
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Customary international law
Customary international law is an aspect of international law involving the principle of custom.
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Cyanide
A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the group C≡N.
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Dachang Hui Autonomous County
Dachang Hui Autonomous County (Xiao'erjing: دَاچْا خُوِذُو ذِجِشِیًا) is a Hui autonomous county of Hebei province, China.
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Deception
Deception is the act of propagating a belief that is not true, or is not the whole truth (as in half-truths or omission).
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Declaration of war
A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state goes to war against another.
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Democide
Democide is a term proposed by R. J. Rummel, who defined it as "the intentional killing of an unarmed or disarmed person by government agents acting in their authoritative capacity and pursuant to government policy or high command".
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Dogeza
is an element of Japanese etiquette which involves kneeling directly on the ground and bowing to prostrate oneself while touching one's head to the floor.
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Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, on Saturday, April 18, 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on the island of Honshu during World War II, the first air operation to strike the Japanese Home Islands.
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Doubleday (publisher)
Doubleday is an American publishing company founded as Doubleday & McClure Company in 1897 that by 1947 was the largest in the United States.
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Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army.
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Drumhead court-martial
A drumhead court-martial is a court-martial held in the field to hear urgent charges of offences committed in action.
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East Asia
East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.
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East Timor
East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste), is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia.
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Editorial
An editorial, leading article (US) or leader (UK), is an article written by the senior editorial staff or publisher of a newspaper, magazine, or any other written document, often unsigned.
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Effectiveness of torture for interrogation
Torture has been used throughout history for the purpose of obtaining information in interrogation.
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Eleventh Army (Japan)
The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Embracing Defeat
Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II is a history book written by John W. Dower and published by W. W. Norton & Company in 1999.
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Emperor Meiji
, or, was the 122nd Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from February 3, 1867 until his death on July 29, 1912.
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Emperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is the head of the Imperial Family and the head of state of Japan.
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Empire of Japan
The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.
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Empress Myeongseong
Empress Myeongseong or Empress Myung-Sung (19 October 1851 – 8 October 1895), known informally as Queen Min, was the first official wife of Gojong, the twenty-sixth king of Joseon and the first emperor of the Korean Empire.
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Enemy Airmen's Act
The Enemy Airmen's Act was a law passed by Imperial Japan on 13 August 1942 which stated that Allied airmen participating in bombing raids against Japanese-held territory would be treated as "violators of the law of war" and subject to trial and punishment if captured by Japanese forces.
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Euphemism
A euphemism is a generally innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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European emigration
European emigration can be defined as subsequent emigration waves from the European continent to other continents.
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Execution by firing squad
Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading (from the French fusil, rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war.
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Federation of American Scientists
The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) is a 501(c)(3) organization with the stated intent of using science and scientific analysis to attempt to make the world more secure.
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Fighter pilot
A fighter pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft.
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Flag of Japan
The national flag of Japan is a rectangular white banner bearing a crimson-red disc at its center.
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Forced Labour Convention
The Forced Labour Convention, the full title of which is the Convention Concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour, 1930 (No.29), is one of eight ILO fundamental conventions of the International Labour Organization.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Frank Goettge
Frank Bryan Goettge (30 December 1895 – 12 August 1942) was a United States Marine Corps intelligence officer in World War II.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.
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Fukuoka
is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, situated on the northern shore of Japanese island Kyushu.
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Gen'yōsha
The was an influential Pan-Asianist group and secret society active in the Empire of Japan, and was considered to be an ultranationalist group by GHQ in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.
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Geneva Convention (1929)
The Geneva Convention (1929) was signed at Geneva, July 27, 1929.
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Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field (1929)
The Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field, consisting of 39 articles in French, was adopted on 27 July 1929, at the end of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1929, which met from the 27 July until the 1 August of that year.
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Genocide
Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part.
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German war crimes
The governments of the German Empire and Nazi Germany ordered, organized and condoned a substantial number of war crimes in World War I and World War II respectively.
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Gestapo
The Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe.
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Guadalcanal Campaign
The Guadalcanal Campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower by American forces, was a military campaign fought between 7 August 1942 and 9 February 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theater of World War II.
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Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands.
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Hanging
Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Harvard University Asia Center
The Harvard University Asia Center is an interdisciplinary research and education unit of Harvard University, established on July 1, 1997, with the goal of "driving varied programs focusing on international relations in Asia and comparative studies of Asian countries and regions (...) and supplementing other Asia-related programs and institutes and the University and providing a focal point for interaction and exchange on topics of common interest for the Harvard community and Asian intellectual, political, and business circles.", according to its charter.
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Havildar
A havildar or havaldar (हविलदार (Devanagari) (Perso-Arabic)) is a rank in the Indian and Pakistani armies, equivalent to a sergeant.
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Hayato Ikeda
was a Japanese politician and 38th Prime Minister of Japan from 19 July 1960 to 9 November 1964.
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Hell ship
A hell ship is a ship with extremely unpleasant living conditions or with a reputation for cruelty among the crew.
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Herbert P. Bix
Herbert P. Bix (born 1938) is an American historian.
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Hideki Tojo
Hideki Tojo (Kyūjitai: 東條 英機; Shinjitai: 東条 英機;; December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 27th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from October 17, 1941, to July 22, 1944.
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Hirohito
was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 25 December 1926, until his death on 7 January 1989.
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Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (2000) is a book by Herbert P. Bix covering the reign of Emperor Hirohito of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989.
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Hiroshima
is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu - the largest island of Japan.
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Historical negationism
Historical negationism or denialism is an illegitimate distortion of the historical record.
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Hong Sa-ik
Hong Sa-ik (hangul 홍사익;hanja 洪思翊; 4 March 1889 – 26 September 1946) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and the top-ranking ethnic Korean in Japan to be charged with war crimes relating to the conduct of the Empire of Japan in World War II.
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Hui people
The Hui people (Xiao'erjing: خُوِذُو; Dungan: Хуэйзў, Xuejzw) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Han Chinese adherents of the Muslim faith found throughout China, mainly in the northwestern provinces of the country and the Zhongyuan region.
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Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.
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Human trafficking
Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others.
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Ichirō Hatoyama
was a Japanese politician and 35th Prime Minister of Japan, serving terms from 10 December 1954 through 19 March 1955, from then to 22 November 1955, and from then through 23 December 1956.
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Imperial House of Japan
The, also referred to as the Imperial Family and the Yamato Dynasty, comprises those members of the extended family of the reigning Emperor of Japan who undertake official and public duties.
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Imperial Japanese Army
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun; "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945.
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Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
The or, more literally, the Greater Japan Empire Army Air Corps, was the aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).
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Imperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國海軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国海軍 or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun, "Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 until 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's defeat and surrender in World War II.
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Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
The was the air arm of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
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Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
The was the highest organ within the Imperial Japanese Navy.
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Imperialism
Imperialism is a policy that involves a nation extending its power by the acquisition of lands by purchase, diplomacy or military force.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indian Ocean raid (1944)
In March 1944, a force of three Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) heavy cruisers raided Allied shipping in the Indian Ocean.
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Indochina
Indochina, originally Indo-China, is a geographical term originating in the early nineteenth century and referring to the continental portion of the region now known as Southeast Asia.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.
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International Committee of the Red Cross
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate.
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International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children
The International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children is a 1921 multilateral treaty of the League of Nations that addressed the problem of international trafficking of women and children.
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International humanitarian law
International humanitarian law (IHL) is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello).
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International Military Tribunal for the Far East
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial or the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial convened on April 29, 1946, to try the leaders of the Empire of Japan for joint conspiracy to start and wage war (categorized as "Class A" crimes), conventional war crimes ("Class B") and crimes against humanity ("Class C").
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International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 17 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.
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Iris Chang
Iris Shun-Ru Chang (March 28, 1968November 9, 2004) was an American author，Journalist， Historian, and Human Rights Activist.
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Isoroku Yamamoto
was a Japanese Marshal Admiral of the Navy and the commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet during World War II until his death.
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Italian war crimes
Italian war crimes have mainly been associated with Fascist Italy in the Pacification of Libya, the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, and World War II.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Japan Air Self-Defense Force
The (JASDF), sometimes referred to as the Japanese Air Force, is the air warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace and for other aerospace operations.
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Japan and weapons of mass destruction
Beginning in the mid-1930s, Japan conducted numerous attempts to acquire and develop weapons of mass destruction.
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Japan-China Joint Communiqué
The Joint Communiqué of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China was signed in Beijing on 29 September 1972.
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Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910
The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, also known as the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty, was made by representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire on August 22, 1910.
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Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire
The declaration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire was published on December 8, 1941 (Japan time; December 7 in the United States), after Japanese forces had executed an attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor and attacks on British forces in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
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Japanese destroyer Arashi
Arashi was a of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
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Japanese history textbook controversies
Japanese history textbook controversies involve controversial content in one of the government-approved history textbooks used in the secondary education (junior high schools and senior high schools) of Japan.
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Japanese imperial transition, 2019
Emperor Akihito of Japan is set to abdicate on 30 April 2019, which will make him the first Japanese Emperor to do so in over two centuries.
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Japanese militarism
refers to the ideology in the Empire of Japan that militarism should dominate the political and social life of the nation, and that the strength of the military is equal to the strength of a nation.
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Japanese nationalism
is the nationalism that asserts that the Japanese are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of the Japanese.
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Japanese occupation of British Borneo
Before the outbreak of World War II in the Pacific, the island of Borneo was divided into five territories.
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Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands
The Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands occurred in 1942 during World War II.
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Japanese occupation of the Philippines
The Japanese occupation of the Philippines (Filipino: Pananakop ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas; Japanese: 日本のフィリピン占領; Hepburn: Nihon no Firipin Senryō) occurred between 1942 and 1945, when Imperial Japan occupied the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II.
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Japanese people
are a nation and an ethnic group that is native to Japan and makes up 98.5% of the total population of that country.
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Japanese submarine I-8
The Japanese submarine I-8 was a World War II Junsen Type J-3 Imperial Japanese Navy submarine.
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Japanese yen
The is the official currency of Japan.
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Java
Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.
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Jesselton revolt
The Jesselton revolt (also known as Jesselton uprising or Double Tenth Revolt/Incident) was a revolt by resistance movement comprising local Chinese, indigenous peoples, Eurasian and Sikh Indian of Jesselton, North Borneo led by Albert Kwok under a guerrilla forces known as the Kinabalu Guerrillas against the Japanese occupying forces of North Borneo.
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Jiji Press
Jiji Press Ltd. (株式会社 時事通信社 Kabushiki gaisha Jiji Tsūshinsha) is a news agency in Japan.
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Jimmy Doolittle
James Harold Doolittle (December 14, 1896 – September 27, 1993) was an American aviation pioneer.
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John Foster Dulles
John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888May 24, 1959) was an American diplomat.
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John Toland (author)
John Willard Toland (June 29, 1912 – January 4, 2004) was an American writer and historian.
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Joseon
The Joseon dynasty (also transcribed as Chosŏn or Chosun, 조선; officially the Kingdom of Great Joseon, 대조선국) was a Korean dynastic kingdom that lasted for approximately five centuries.
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Joseph B. Keenan
Joseph Berry Keenan (11 January 1888, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island – 8 December 1954, in Asheboro, North Carolina) was a United States political figure.
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Judge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a panel of judges.
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Junichiro Koizumi
is a Japanese politician who was the 56th Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006.
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Juramentado
Juramentado, in Philippine history, refers to a male Moro swordsman who attacked and killed targeted occupying and invading police and soldiers, expecting to be killed himself, the martyrdom undertaken as a form of jihad, considered a form of suicide attack.
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Kai Islands
The Kai Islands (also Kei Islands) of Indonesia are a group of islands in the southeastern part of the Maluku Islands in Maluku Province.
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Kaimingjie germ weapon attack
The Kaimingjie germ weapon attack was a Japanese biological warfare bacterial germ strike against Kaimingjie, an area of the port of Ningbo in the Chinese province of Zhejiang in October 1940, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Kakuei Tanaka
was a Japanese politician who served in the House of Representatives from 26 April 1947 to 24 January 1990, and as the 40th Prime Minister of Japan from 7 July 1972 to 9 December 1974 (his two terms being divided by the 1972 general election).
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Kalagong massacre
On 7 July 1945, the Kalagong massacre was committed against inhabitants of Kalagong, Burma (present-day Myanmar), by members of the 3rd Battalion, 215th Regiment and the OC Moulmein Kempeitai of the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Kangaroo court
A kangaroo court is a court that ignores recognized standards of law or justice, and often carries little or no official standing in the territory within which it resides.
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Katsuya Okada
is a Japanese politician who was Deputy Prime Minister of Japan from January to December 2012.
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Kōichi Kido
(July 18, 1889 – April 6, 1977) served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan from 1940 to 1945, and was the closest advisor to Emperor Showa throughout World War II.
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Kōichirō Genba
is a Japanese politician and the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2012.
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Kōki Hirota
was a Japanese diplomat and politician who served as the 32nd Prime Minister of Japan from 9 March 1936 to 2 February 1937.
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Kellogg–Briand Pact
The Kellogg–Briand Pact (or Pact of Paris, officially General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy) is a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them".
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Ken Yuasa
Ken Yuasa (Japanese: 湯浅 謙) (October 23, 1916 – November 2, 2010) was a World War II surgeon for the Japanese army.
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Kenpeitai
The was the military police arm of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1881 to 1945.
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Kiichi Miyazawa
was a Japanese politician and the 78th Japanese Prime Minister serving from 5 November 1991 to 9 August 1993.
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Kniefall von Warschau
The term Kniefall von Warschau, also referred to as Warschauer Kniefall, (both German for "Warsaw genuflection") refers to a gesture of humility and penance by German Chancellor Willy Brandt towards the victims of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
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Koichi Kato (politician, born 1939)
was a Japanese politician who held a seat in the House of Representatives in the National Diet for 13 terms between 1972 and 2012 as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.
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Kono Statement
The Kono Statement refers to a statement released by Chief Cabinet Secretary Yōhei Kōno on August 4, 1993, after the conclusion of the government study that found that the Japanese Imperial Army had forced women, known as comfort women, to work in military-run brothels during World War II.
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Korea
Korea is a region in East Asia; since 1945 it has been divided into two distinctive sovereign states: North Korea and South Korea.
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Korea under Japanese rule
Korea under Japanese rule began with the end of the short-lived Korean Empire in 1910 and ended at the conclusion of World War II in 1945.
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Kuniaki Koiso
was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 28th Prime Minister of Japan from July 22, 1944, to April 7, 1945.
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Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China (KMT; often translated as the Nationalist Party of China) is a major political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, based in Taipei and is currently the opposition political party in the Legislative Yuan.
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Kwantung Army
The Kwantung Army was an army group of the Imperial Japanese Army in the first half of the 20th century.
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Kyodo News
is a nonprofit cooperative news agency based in Minato, Tokyo.
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Kyoto
, officially, is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, located in the Kansai region of Japan.
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Kyushu
is the third largest island of Japan and most southwesterly of its four main islands.
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Kyushu University
, abbreviated to, is a Japanese national university located in Fukuoka, in the island of Kyushu.
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Lance naik
Lance naik (L/Nk) is the equivalent rank to lance corporal in the Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indian Armies and before 1947, in the British Indian Army, ranking below naik.
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Law of war
The law of war is a legal term of art which refers to the aspect of public international law concerning acceptable justifications to engage in war (jus ad bellum) and the limits to acceptable wartime conduct (jus in bello or international humanitarian law).
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League of Nations
The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
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Lee Kuan Yew
Lee Kuan Yew GCMG CH SPMJ (16 September 1923 – 23 March 2015), commonly referred to by his initials LKY, was the first Prime Minister of Singapore, governing for three decades.
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Lewisite
Lewisite (L) is an organoarsenic compound.
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Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
The, frequently abbreviated to LDP or, is a conservative political party in Japan.
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Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.
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Lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel.
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Lieutenant colonel (United States)
In the United States Army, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Air Force, a lieutenant colonel is a field grade military officer rank just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel.
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List of ambassadors of Japan to the United States
Incorporates translated material from the corresponding Japanese Wikipedia article The has existed since 1860, interrupted by disagreements and wars during World War II.
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List of members of Nippon Kaigi
Among the members, former members, and members of affiliated organizations of the Japanese nationalist and historical revisionist movement Nippon Kaigi ("Japan Conference") are lawmakers, cabinets ministers and a few prime ministers.
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List of war apology statements issued by Japan
This is a list of war apology statements issued by the state of Japan with regard to the war crimes and atrocities committed by the Empire of Japan during World War II.
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List of war crimes
This article lists and summarises the war crimes committed since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and the crimes against humanity and crimes against peace that have been committed since these crimes were first defined in the Rome Statute.
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Looting
Looting, also referred to as sacking, ransacking, plundering, despoiling, despoliation, and pillaging, is the indiscriminate taking of goods by force as part of a military or political victory, or during a catastrophe, such as war, natural disaster (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting.
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Lunga Point
Lunga Point is a promontory on the northern coast of Guadalcanal, the site of a naval battle during World War II.
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M. E. Sharpe
M.E. Sharpe, Inc., an academic publisher, was founded by Myron Sharpe in 1958 with the original purpose of publishing translations from Russian in the social sciences and humanities.
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Magelang
Magelang is one of six cities in Central Java, each of which is governed by a mayor rather than a bupati.
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Malayan Campaign
The Malayan Campaign was a military campaign fought by Allied and Axis forces in Malaya, from 8 December 1941 – 31 January 1942 during the Second World War.
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Mamoru Shigemitsu
was a Japanese diplomat and politician in the Empire of Japan, who served as the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs at the end of World War II and later, as the Deputy Prime Minister of Japan.
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Manchukuo
Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945.
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Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
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Manila massacre
The Manila massacre (Filipino: Pagpatay sa Maynila) involved atrocities committed against Filipino civilians in the City of Manila, the capital of the Philippines, by Japanese troops during World War II at the Battle of Manila (February 3, 1945 – March 3, 1945).
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Marco Polo Bridge Incident
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, also known by several other names, was a battle between the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Mark Peattie
Mark R. Peattie (Nice, France, May 3, 1930 – San Rafael, California, January 22, 2014) was an American academic and Japanologist.
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Masahiro Imamura
is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).
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Matanikau River
The Matanikau River of Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, is located in the northwest part of the island.
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Meiji Restoration
The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.
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Member of Congress
A Member of Congress (MOC) is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature.
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Mike Honda
Michael Makoto Honda (born June 27, 1941) is an American politician and former educator.
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Military intelligence
Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to assist commanders in their decisions.
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Military justice
Military justice (or military law) is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces.
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Military personnel
Military personnel are members of the state's armed forces.
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Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)
The of Japan is the Cabinet member responsible for Japanese foreign policy and the chief executive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
The is a cabinet-level ministry of the Japanese government responsible for the country's foreign relations.
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Ministry of the Navy (Japan)
The was a cabinet-level ministry in the Empire of Japan charged with the administrative affairs of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN).
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Moro people
The Moro, also called the Bangsamoro or Bangsa Moro, are the Muslim population of the Philippines, forming the largest non-Catholic group in the country and comprising about 11% (as of the year 2012) of the total Philippine population.
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Mosque
A mosque (from masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims.
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Mukden Incident
The Mukden Incident, or Manchurian Incident, was a staged event engineered by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the Japanese invasion in 1931 of northeastern China, known as Manchuria.
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Murayama Statement
The, officially titled, was released by the then Prime Minister of Japan Tomiichi Murayama on August 15, 1995.
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Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought.
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Museum
A museum (plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.
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Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.
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Nagasaki
() is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan.
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Nanking Massacre
The Nanking Massacre was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing (Nanking), then the capital of the Republic of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
is the elder son of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko, which makes him the heir apparent to the Chrysanthemum Throne.
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National Archives and Records Administration
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives.
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Nazi crime
Nazi crime or Hitlerite crime (Zbrodnia nazistowska or zbrodnia hitlerowska) is a legal concept used in some legal systems (for example in Polish law).
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nazi human experimentation
Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners, including children, by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps in the early to mid 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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Neutral country
A neutral country is a state, which is either neutral towards belligerents in a specific war, or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO).
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New Guinea
New Guinea (Nugini or, more commonly known, Papua, historically, Irian) is a large island off the continent of Australia.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
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Nippon Kaigi
The, Jun 6th 2015, The Economist. is a Japanese nationalist unincorporated association that was established in 1997 and has approximately 38,000 members.
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Nobusuke Kishi
was a Japanese politician and the 56th and 57th Prime Minister of Japan from 25 February 1957 to 12 June 1958, and from then to 19 July 1960.
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Non-combatant
Non-combatant is a term of art in the law of war and international humanitarian law, describing civilians who are not taking a direct part in hostilities; persons—such as combat medics and military chaplains—who are members of the belligerent armed forces but are protected because of their specific duties (as currently described in Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions, adopted in June 1977); combatants who are placed hors de combat; and neutral nationals (including military personnel) who are not fighting for one of the belligerents involved in an armed conflict.
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North America
North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.
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North American B-25 Mitchell
The North American B-25 Mitchell is an American twin-engine, medium bomber manufactured by North American Aviation (NAA).
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North American P-51 Mustang
The North American Aviation P-51 Mustang is an American long-range, single-seat fighter and fighter-bomber used during World War II and the Korean War, among other conflicts.
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North Korea
North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
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Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).
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Occupation of Japan
The Allied occupation of Japan at the end of World War II was led by General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, with support from the British Commonwealth.
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Okinori Kaya
was the Minister of Finance of Japan between 1941 and 1944.
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Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night
Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night was a 1945 plan developed by Shirō Ishii to wage biological warfare upon civilian population centers in Southern California in the United States during the final months of World War II, using pathogens created by members of Ishii's Unit 731.
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Operation Tiderace
Operation Tiderace was the codename of the British plan to retake Singapore following the Japanese surrender in 1945.
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Operation Vengeance
Operation Vengeance was the American military operation to kill Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto of the Imperial Japanese Navy on April 18, 1943, during the Solomon Islands campaign in the Pacific Theater of World War II.
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Osami Nagano
was a Japanese career naval officer and Admiral of the Fleet in the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1943.
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Osprey Publishing
Osprey Publishing is an Oxford-based publishing company specializing in military history.
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Overseas Chinese
No description.
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.
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Pacific Ocean theater of World War II
The Pacific Ocean theater, during World War II, was a major theater of the war between the Allies and the Empire of Japan.
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Pacific War
The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia-Pacific War, was the theater of World War II that was fought in the Pacific and Asia. It was fought over a vast area that included the Pacific Ocean and islands, the South West Pacific, South-East Asia, and in China (including the 1945 Soviet–Japanese conflict). The Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China had been in progress since 7 July 1937, with hostilities dating back as far as 19 September 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself began on 7/8 December 1941, when Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military and naval bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. The Pacific War saw the Allies pitted against Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to a much lesser extent by the Axis allied Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the Allies, accompanied by the Soviet declaration of war and invasion of Manchuria on 9 August 1945, resulting in the Japanese announcement of intent to surrender on 15 August 1945. The formal surrender of Japan ceremony took place aboard the battleship in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945. Japan's Shinto Emperor was forced to relinquish much of his authority and his divine status through the Shinto Directive in order to pave the way for extensive cultural and political reforms. After the war, Japan lost all rights and titles to its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific, and its sovereignty was limited to the four main home islands.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.
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Palawan massacre
The Palawan massacre occurred on 14 December 1944, during World War II, near the city of Puerto Princesa in the Philippine province of Palawan.
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Pan-Asianism
Pan-Asianism (also known as Asianism or Greater Asianism) is an ideology that promotes the unity of Asian peoples.
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Panjiayu Massacre
The Panjiayu tragedy (潘家峪惨案) was a massacre conducted by Imperial Japanese Army on January 25, 1941 in Panjiayu, Hebei, China.
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Pantheon Books
Pantheon Books is an American book publishing imprint with editorial independence.
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Pantingan River massacre
The Pantingan River massacre (Filipino: Pagpatay sa Ilog Pantingan) took place during the Bataan Death March in mid-April, 1942.
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Parit Sulong
Parit Sulong is a small town in Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia on the Simpang Kiri River, 30 km east of Muar.
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Parit Sulong Massacre
On 23 January 1942, the Parit Sulong Massacre in Johor, Malaya (now Malaysia) was committed against Allied soldiers by members of the Imperial Guards Division of the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Perfidy
In the context of war, perfidy is a form of deception in which one side promises to act in good faith (such as by raising a flag of truce) with the intention of breaking that promise once the unsuspecting enemy is exposed (such as by coming out of cover to attack the enemy coming to take the "surrendering" prisoners into custody).
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Philippines
The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
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Phosgene
Phosgene is the chemical compound with the formula COCl2.
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Point Cruz
Point Cruz is a peninsula and is a suburb in Honiara located in the main center on the Tandai Highway.
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Political extremism in Japan
While Japan's political mainstream has the DPJ and the LDP as dominant forces, there is political extremism to the left and the right.
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Pontianak incidents
The Pontianak incident consisted of two massacres which took place in Kalimantan during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies.
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Positive law
Positive laws (ius positum) are human-made laws that oblige or specify an action.
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Potsdam Declaration
The Potsdam Declaration or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender was a statement that called for the surrender of all Japanese armed forces during World War II.
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President of the United States
The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.
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Prime Minister of Japan
The is the head of government of Japan.
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Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu
was a scion of the Japanese imperial family and was a career naval officer who served as chief of staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1932 to 1941.
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Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni
General was a Japanese imperial prince, a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 43rd Prime Minister of Japan from 17 August 1945 to 9 October 1945, a period of 54 days.
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Prince Yasuhiko Asaka
General was the founder of a collateral branch of the Japanese imperial family and a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Prisoner of war
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.
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Property
Property, in the abstract, is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing.
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Proportionality (law)
Proportionality is a general principle in law which covers several special (although related) concepts.
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PT boat
A PT boat (short for Patrol Torpedo boat) was a torpedo-armed fast attack craft used by the United States Navy in World War II.
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Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.
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Racism
Racism is the belief in the superiority of one race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity.
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Random House
Random House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world.
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Rōmusha
is a Japanese language word for "laborer", but has come to specifically denote forced laborers during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in World War II.
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Reconnaissance
In military operations, reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration outside an area occupied by friendly forces to gain information about natural features and other activities in the area.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Rudolph Rummel
Rudolph Joseph Rummel (October 21, 1932 – March 2, 2014) was professor of political science who taught at the Indiana University, Yale University, and University of Hawaii.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
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Russo-Japanese War
The Russo–Japanese War (Russko-yaponskaya voina; Nichirosensō; 1904–05) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea.
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Sadao Araki
Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II.
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Safe deposit box
A safe deposit box, also known as a safety deposit box, is an individually secured container, usually held within a larger safe or bank vault.
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Samuel Eliot Morison
Samuel Eliot Morison (July 9, 1887 – May 15, 1976) was an American historian noted for his works of maritime history and American history that were both authoritative and popular.
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San Diego
San Diego (Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a major city in California, United States.
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Sandakan Death Marches
The Sandakan Death Marches were a series of forced marches in Borneo from Sandakan to Ranau which resulted in the deaths of 2,345 Allied prisoners of war held captive by the Empire of Japan during the Pacific campaign of World War II in the Sandakan POW Camp.
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Scalpel
A scalpel, or lancet, is a small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery, anatomical dissection, podiatry and various arts and crafts (called a hobby knife).
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Scorched earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location.
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Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945.
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Secret police
The term secret police (or political police)Ilan Berman & J. Michael Waller, "Introduction: The Centrality of the Secret Police" in Dismantling Tyranny: Transitioning Beyond Totalitarian Regimes (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), p. xv.
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Self-defense
Self-defence (self-defense in some varieties of English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm.
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Sergeant
Sergeant (abbreviated to Sgt and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces.
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Sexual slavery
Sexual slavery and sexual exploitation is attaching the right of ownership over one or more persons with the intent of coercing or otherwise forcing them to engage in one or more sexual activities.
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Shōwa period
The, or Shōwa era, refers to the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of the Shōwa Emperor, Hirohito, from December 25, 1926 until his death on January 7, 1989.
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Shigenori Tōgō
(Korean: 박무덕, Hanja: 朴茂德, Pak Mudǒk, 10 December 1882 – 23 July 1950) was Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Empire of Japan at both the start and the end of the Japanese-Allied conflict during World War II.
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Shigetarō Shimada
was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
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Shin'yō Maru incident
The Shinyō Maru incident occurred in the Philippines on September 7, 1944, in the Pacific theater of World War II.
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Shinzō Abe
is a Japanese politician serving as the 63rd and current Prime Minister of Japan and Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) since 2012, previously being the 57th officeholder from 2006 to 2007.
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Shirō Ishii
Surgeon General was a Japanese army medical officer, microbiologist and the director of Unit 731, a biological warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army involved in forced and frequently lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).
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Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.
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Sinophobia
Anti-Chinese sentiment, Sinophobia (from Late Latin Sinae "China" and Greek φόβος, phobos, "fear"), or Chinophobia is a sentiment against China, its people, overseas Chinese, or Chinese culture.
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Sook Ching
The Sook Ching (meaning "purge through cleansing") was a systematic purge of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore by the Japanese military during the Japanese occupation of Singapore and Malaya, after the British colony surrendered on 15 February 1942 following the Battle of Singapore.
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South China Morning Post
The South China Morning Post (also known as SCMP or The Post), with its Sunday edition, the Sunday Morning Post, is a Hong Kong English-language newspaper and Hong Kong's newspaper of record.
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.
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South Vietnam
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, Việt Nam Cộng Hòa), was a country that existed from 1955 to 1975 and comprised the southern half of what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
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Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.
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Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Soviet war crimes
War crimes perpetrated by the Soviet Union and its armed forces from 1919 to 1991 include acts committed by the Red Army (later called the Soviet Army) as well as the NKVD, including the NKVD's Internal Troops.
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SS Tjisalak
SS Tjisalak was a 5,787-ton Dutch freighter with passenger accommodation built in 1917 for the Java-China-Japan Lijn and used by the Allies during World War II to transport supplies across the Indian Ocean between Australia and Ceylon.
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St. Martin's Press
St.
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Statism in Shōwa Japan
was a political syncretism of Japanese right-wing political ideologies, developed over a period of time from the Meiji Restoration.
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Sterling Seagrave
Sterling Seagrave (April 15, 1937 – May 1, 2017) was an American historian.
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Sulfur mustard
Sulfur mustard, commonly known as mustard gas, is the prototypical substance of the sulfur-based family of cytotoxic and vesicant chemical warfare agents known as the sulfur mustards which have the ability to form large blisters on exposed skin and in the lungs.
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Summary execution
A summary execution is an execution in which a person is accused of a crime and immediately killed without benefit of a full and fair trial.
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Supreme Court of Japan
The, located in Hayabusachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, is the highest court in Japan.
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Surrender of Japan
The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close.
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Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.
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Tausūg people
The Tausūg or Suluk people are an ethnic group of the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia.
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Tear gas
Tear gas, formally known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (from the Latin lacrima, meaning "tear"), sometimes colloquially known as mace,"Mace" is a brand name for a tear gas spray is a chemical weapon that causes severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and even blindness.
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The Age
The Age is a daily newspaper that has been published in Melbourne, Australia, since 1854.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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The Japan Times
The Japan Times is Japan's largest and oldest English-language daily newspaper.
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The Korea Times
The Korea Times is the oldest of three English-language newspapers published daily in South Korea.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The Rising Sun
The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945, written by John Toland, was published by Random House in 1970 and won the 1971 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction.
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The Washington Post
The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.
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Three Alls Policy
The Three Alls Policy (三光作戦 Sankō Sakusen) was a Japanese scorched earth policy adopted in China during World War II, the three "alls" being "kill all, burn all, loot all".
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Tinta Massacre Site
The Tinta Massacre Site, near Merizo, Guam, has significance from 1944.
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Tokubetsu Keisatsutai
The was the Imperial Japanese Navy's military police, equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Army's Kempeitai.
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Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the, was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1600 and 1868.
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Tokyo
, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.
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Tokyo Charter
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East Charter (IMTFE Charter), also known as the Tokyo Charter, was the decree issued by General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Allied-occupied Japan, on 19 January 1946 that set down the laws and procedures by which the Tokyo Trials were to be conducted.
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Tomiichi Murayama
is a retired Japanese politician who served as the 81st Prime Minister of Japan from 30 June 1994 to 11 January 1996.
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Torn Memories of Nanjing
is a 2009 Japanese documentary film by Japanese activist Tamaki Matsuoka.
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Torture
Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.
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Toshio Tamogami
General is a Japanese Air Self-Defense Force career military officer.
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Treaty of San Francisco
, or commonly known as the Treaty of Peace with Japan, Peace Treaty of San Francisco, or San Francisco Peace Treaty), mostly between Japan and the Allied Powers, was officially signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951, in San Francisco. It came into force on April 28, 1952 and officially ended the American-led Allied Occupation of Japan. According to Article 11 of the Treaty, Japan accepts the judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and of other Allied War Crimes Courts imposed on Japan both within and outside Japan. This treaty served to officially end Japan's position as an imperial power, to allocate compensation to Allied civilians and former prisoners of war who had suffered Japanese war crimes during World War II, and to end the Allied post-war occupation of Japan and return sovereignty to that nation. This treaty made extensive use of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to enunciate the Allies' goals. This treaty, along with the Security Treaty signed that same day, is said to mark the beginning of the San Francisco System; this term, coined by historian John W. Dower, signifies the effects of Japan's relationship with the United States and its role in the international arena as determined by these two treaties and is used to discuss the ways in which these effects have governed Japan's post-war history. This treaty also introduced the problem of the legal status of Taiwan due to its lack of specificity as to what country Taiwan was to be surrendered, and hence some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that sovereignty of Taiwan is still undetermined.
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Treaty of Shimonoseki
The was a treaty signed at the Shunpanrō hotel, Shimonoseki, Japan on 17 April 1895, between the Empire of Japan and the Qing Empire, ending the First Sino-Japanese War.
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Tributary
A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake.
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U.S. News & World Report
U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis.
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Ultimatum
An ultimatum (the last one) is a demand whose fulfillment is requested in a specified period of time and which is backed up by a threat to be followed through in case of noncompliance.
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Unfree labour
Unfree labour is a generic or collective term for those work relations, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), compulsion, or other forms of extreme hardship to themselves or members of their families.
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Unit 100
Unit 100 was an Imperial Japanese Army facility officially called the Kwantung Army Warhorse Disease Prevention Shop that focused on the development of biological weapons during World War II.
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Unit 1855
Unit 1855 was a unit for human experimentation that belonged to the central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the North China Army of the Imperial Japanese Army, stationed in Beijing between 1938 and 1945.
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Unit 516
Unit 516 (第五一六部隊) was a top secret Japanese chemical weapons facility, operated by the Kempeitai, in Qiqihar, Japanese-occupied northeast China.
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Unit 731
was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) of World War II.
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Unit 8604
Unit 8604 was the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department unit of the Japanese Southern China Area Army.
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Unit 9420
Unit Oka 9420 was the central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group of the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Unit Ei 1644
Unit Ei 1644 (栄1644部隊) — also known as Unit 1644 — was a laboratory and one of the water purification centers established under control of the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Army Air Forces
The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF), informally known as the Air Force, was the aerial warfare service of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II (1939/41–1945), successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force of today, one of the five uniformed military services.
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United States declaration of war on Japan
On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war (Public Law 77-328, 55 STAT 795) on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.
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United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber.
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United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy.
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United States Naval Institute
The United States Naval Institute (USNI), based in Annapolis, Maryland, is a private, non-profit, professional military association that seeks to offer independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national defense and security issues.
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United States Pacific Fleet
The United States Pacific Fleet (USPACFLT) is a Pacific Ocean theater-level component command of the United States Navy that provides naval forces to the United States Indo-Pacific Command.
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United States war crimes
United States war crimes are the violations of the laws and customs of war of which the United States Armed Forces are accused of committing since the signing of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.
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University of British Columbia Press
The University of British Columbia Press (UBC Press) is a university press that is part of the University of British Columbia.
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University of Hawaii
The University of Hawaiʻi system (formally the University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH) is a public, co-educational college and university system that confers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through three university campuses, seven community college campuses, an employment training center, three university centers, four education centers and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the State of Hawaii in the United States.
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Uyoku dantai
are Japanese ultranationalist far-right groups.
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Vergangenheitsbewältigung
Vergangenheitsbewältigung ("struggle to overcome the past" or “working through the past”) is a German term describing processes that since the late 20th century have become key in the study of post-1945 German literature, society, and culture.
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Victor's justice
The label "victor's justice" is a situation in which an entity participates in carrying out "justice" on its own basis of applying different rules to judge what is right or wrong for their own forces and for those of the (former) enemy.
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Vietnamese Famine of 1945
The Vietnamese Famine of 1945 (Nạn đói Ất Dậu - Famine of the Yiyou Year) was a famine that occurred in northern Vietnam in French Indochina during World War II from October 1944 to late 1945, which at the time was under Japanese occupation.
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Vivisection
Vivisection is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure.
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Waffen-SS
The Waffen-SS (Armed SS) was the armed wing of the Nazi Party's SS organisation.
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War crime
A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.
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War crimes in Manchukuo
War crimes in Manchukuo were committed during the rule of the Empire of Japan in northeast China, either directly, or through its puppet state of Manchukuo, from 1931 to 1945.
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Warsaw Ghetto
The Warsaw Ghetto (Warschauer Ghetto, officially Jüdischer Wohnbezirk in Warschau Jewish Residential District in Warsaw; getto warszawskie) was the largest of all the Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Europe during World War II.
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White flag
White flags have had different meanings throughout history and depending on the locale.
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William Webb (judge)
Sir William Flood Webb KBE (21 January 1887 – 11 August 1972) was a judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland and the High Court of Australia.
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Willy Brandt
Willy Brandt (born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1969 to 1974.
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Women's rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the nineteenth century and feminist movement during the 20th century.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Yamato people
The and are an East Asian ethnic group and nation native to the Japanese archipelago.
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Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu
, also known as Prince Yasuhito, was the second son of Emperor Taishō, a younger brother of the Emperor Hirohito and a general in the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Yasuji Kaneko
was an ex-soldier of the Imperial Japanese Army, and a former detainee of both Siberian Internment by the Soviet Union during 1945–1950 and Fushun War Criminals Management Centre in China during 1950–1956.
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Yasukuni Shrine
The Imperial Shrine of Yasukuni, informally known as the, is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yoshiaki Yoshimi
is a professor of Japanese modern history at Chuo University in Tokyo, Japan.
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Yoshio Tachibana
was a lieutenant general of the Japanese Imperial Army.
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Yuki Tanaka (historian)
is a History Professor at Hiroshima University.
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Zhang Zuolin
Zhang Zuolin (19 March 1875Xiao, Lin, and Li 1184 June 1928) was the warlord of Manchuria from 1916–28, during the Warlord Era in China.
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2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations
The anti-Japanese demonstrations of 2005 were a series of demonstrations, some peaceful, some violent, which were held across most of East Asia in the spring of 2005.
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7th Marine Regiment (United States)
The 7th Marine Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, California.
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Redirects here:
Asian Holocaust, Japanese War Crimes, Japanese War Crimes Trial, Japanese War Crimes Tribunal, Japanese atrocities, Japanese human experimentation on the Chinese, Japanese war atrocities, Japanese war atrocity, Japanese war crime, Japanese war crimes in mainland Asia, Japanese war crimes in the Pacific, Japanese war crimes trials, Japanese war criminals, List of Japanese War Atrocities, List of Japanese war atrocities, Stolen Artifacts from Asia found in Japan, Types of torture used in the Japanese occupation of Singapore, Types of torture used in the Singapore japanese occupations, War Crimes and Atrocities of Imperial Japan, War Crimes in Asia Mainland, War Crimes in Pacific Sea, War Crimes in the Pacific, War crimes and Japan, War crimes in the Pacific area, War crimes of Imperial Japan.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes
