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Milne, Aénor de Châtellerault, Acre, Israel, Aimery I, Viscount of Châtellerault, Alexander II of Scotland, Alfonso VIII of Castile, Almohad Caliphate, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers, Alys of France, Countess of Vexin, Angers, Angevin Empire, Angevin kings of England, Anglo-Norman language, Anglo-Scottish border, Angoulême, Anjou, Anthony Munday, Archbishop of Canterbury, Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, Assize of Arms of 1181, Assize of mort d'ancestor, Assize of novel disseisin, Atheism, Évreux, Backgammon, Baldwin I, Latin Emperor, Battle of Bouvines, Battle of Lincoln (1217), Battle of Mirebeau, Battle of Roche-au-Moine, Battle of Sandwich (1217), Bayonne, Beaumont Palace, Beauvais, Bertrade de Montfort, Bishop of Ely, Bishop of Norwich, Blanche of Castile, Bordeaux, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Bretons, Brittany, Cambridge, Canterbury Cathedral, Capetian dynasty, Castle, Cathedral chapter, Charter, Château de Chinon, Château Gaillard, ..., Chronicle, Cinque Ports, Claude Rains, Constitution of the United Kingdom, Cornwall, Cotswolds, Count of Poitiers, Counts and dukes of Anjou, Counts and dukes of Maine, Crossbow, Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, Crusades, Curia regis, Damme, Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard, Dax, Landes, Deflation, Demesne, Derby, Devon, Dispensation (canon law), Divine right of kings, Domesday Book, Dorset, Dover, Dublin, Duchy of Aquitaine, Duchy of Brabant, Duchy of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Normandy, Dysentery, Edinburgh, Effigy, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester, Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile, Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, Elias I, Count of Maine, Empress Matilda, England, English Channel, English law, Ermengarde, Countess of Maine, Errol Flynn, Exchequer, Excommunication, Exeter, Falkes de Breauté, Ferdinand, Count of Flanders, First Barons' War, Flanders, Fontevraud Abbey, Forecastle, Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Frank McLynn, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Fulk IV, Count of Anjou, Fulk, King of Jerusalem, Galley, Gamaches, Gascony, Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Gervase of Canterbury, Henry I of England, Henry II of England, Henry III of England, Henry the Young King, Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Hildegarde of Burgundy, History of Auvergne, HMNB Portsmouth, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Empire, House of Capet, House of Lusignan, House of Plantagenet, Howard Pyle, Hubert Walter, Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath, Hugh de Puiset, Hugh of Lincoln, Hugh X of Lusignan, Humbert III, Count of Savoy, Interdict, Investiture Controversy, Isabella of Angoulême, Isabella of England, Isabella, Countess of Gloucester, Ivanhoe, J. C. Holt, James Goldman, Jim Bradbury, Joan of England, Queen of Scotland, Joan of England, Queen of Sicily, Joan, Lady of Wales, John Bale, John de Gray, John Foxe, John Gillingham, John II of France, John Speed, John Tristan, Count of Valois, John's first expedition to Ireland, Justiciar, Kate Norgate, Kent, King John (play), King John and Matilda, King of the Romans, King's Lynn, Kingdom of Northumbria, Knight, La Rochelle, Leopold V, Duke of Austria, Levant, Lincoln, England, Lincolnshire, List of counts of Mortain, List of English monarchs, List of Irish kingdoms, Liverpool, Llywelyn the Great, Loire Valley, London, Lordship of Ireland, Loudun, Louis VII of France, Louis VIII of France, Magna Carta, Malcolm III of Scotland, Marcher Lord, Margam Abbey, Mark (currency), Materiel, Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony, Matilda of Flanders, Matilda of Scotland, Matthew Paris, Maurienne, Mirebeau, Montlouis-sur-Loire, Muhammad al-Nasir, Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, Newark-on-Trent, Norman conquest of England, Normandy, Normans, Northampton, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Oxford, Pandulf Verraccio, Papal bull, Papal legate, Paris, Pembrokeshire, Penny, Peter des Roches, Peter Ustinov, Philip II of France, Philip Marc, Philippa, Countess of Toulouse, Piedmont, Piety, Pipe rolls, Poitiers, Poitou, Police des Vins, Pope Innocent III, Pope Lucius III, Primogeniture, Prior, Province of Canterbury, Proximity of blood, Quicksand, Ralph de Diceto, Ralph of Coggeshall, Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, Ranulf de Glanvill, Raoul I of Lusignan, Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse, Reginald (sub-prior), Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall, Renaud I, Count of Dammartin, Resurrection of Jesus, Revolt of 1173–74, Richard FitzRoy, Richard I of England, Richard of Devizes, Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, Robert Barnes (martyr), Robert Davenport (dramatist), Robert Fitzwalter, Robin Hood, Robin Hood (1922 film), Robin Hood (1973 film), Rochester Castle, Roger de Lacy (1170–1211), Roger of Hoveden, Roger of Wendover, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen, Routiers, Runnymede, Saint Margaret of Scotland, Sam De Grasse, Sarcophagus, Savoy, Scutage, Seine, Seneschal, Sheriff of Nottingham, Shire, Siege of Château Gaillard, Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, Somerset, Stephen Langton, Style of the British sovereign, Tallage, The Adventures of Robin Hood, The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington, The Lion in Winter, The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, The Troublesome Reign of King John, The Wash, Third Crusade, Thomas Becket, Tours, Tower of London, Treaty of Falaise, Treaty of Lambeth, Treaty of Le Goulet, Tudor period, Unfree labour, Universalism, Viaticum, Victorian literature, Vivian Hunter Galbraith, W. L. Warren, Walter de Coutances, Walter Scott, Welsh Marches, Welsh uprising of 1211, Wet nurse, Whig history, Whirlpool, William d'Aubigny (rebel), William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, William de Longchamp, William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex, William des Roches, William FitzAldelm, William IV, Count of Toulouse, William IX, Count of Poitiers, William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, William of Newburgh, William of Wrotham, William the Conqueror, William the Lion, William Tyndale, William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine, William X, Duke of Aquitaine, Windsor Castle, Winston Churchill, Worcester Cathedral, Wulfstan (died 1095). Expand index (271 more) »
A. A. Milne
Alan Alexander Milne (18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various poems.
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Aénor de Châtellerault
Aénor of Châtellerault (also known as Aénor de Rochefoucauld) Duchess of Aquitaine (born c. 1103 in Châtellerault, died March 1130 in Talmont) was the mother of Eleanor of Aquitaine, who arguably became the most powerful woman in Europe of her generation.
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Acre, Israel
Acre (or, עַכּוֹ, ʻAko, most commonly spelled as Akko; عكّا, ʻAkkā) is a city in the coastal plain region of Israel's Northern District at the extremity of Haifa Bay.
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Aimery I, Viscount of Châtellerault
Aimery I de Rouchefoucould (– 7 November 1151), was the Viscount of Châtellerault and father of Aenor de Châtellerault.
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Alexander II of Scotland
Alexander II (Mediaeval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Uilliam; Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Uilleim; 24 August 11986 July 1249) was King of Scots from 1214 until his death in 1249.
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Alfonso VIII of Castile
Alfonso VIII (11 November 11555 October 1214), called the Noble (El Noble) or the one of the Navas (el de las Navas), was the King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo.
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Almohad Caliphate
The Almohad Caliphate (British English:, U.S. English:; ⵉⵎⵡⴻⵃⵃⴷⴻⵏ (Imweḥḥden), from Arabic الموحدون, "the monotheists" or "the unifiers") was a Moroccan Berber Muslim movement and empire founded in the 12th century.
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Alphonse, Count of Poitiers
Alphonse or Alfonso (11 November 122021 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse (as Alphonse II) from 1249.
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Alys of France, Countess of Vexin
Alys of France, Countess of Vexin (4 October 1160 – c. 1220) was the daughter of King Louis VII of France and his second wife, Constance of Castile.
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Angers
Angers is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris.
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Angevin Empire
The Angevin Empire (L'Empire Plantagenêt) is a collective exonym referring to the possessions of the Angevin kings of England, who also held lands in France, during the 12th and 13th centuries.
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Angevin kings of England
The Angevins ("from Anjou") were a royal house that ruled England in the 12th and early 13th centuries; its monarchs were Henry II, Richard I and John.
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Anglo-Norman language
Anglo-Norman, also known as Anglo-Norman French, is a variety of the Norman language that was used in England and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere in the British Isles during the Anglo-Norman period.
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Anglo-Scottish border
The Anglo-Scottish border between England and Scotland runs for 96 miles (154 km) between Marshall Meadows Bay on the east coast and the Solway Firth in the west.
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Angoulême
Angoulême (Poitevin-Saintongeais: Engoulaeme; Engoleime) is a commune, the capital of the Charente department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.
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Anjou
Anjou (Andegavia) is a historical province of France straddling the lower Loire River.
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Anthony Munday
Anthony Munday (or Monday) (1560?10 August 1633) was an English playwright and miscellaneous writer.
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Archbishop of Canterbury
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury.
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Arthur I, Duke of Brittany
Arthur I (Arzhur Iañ; Arthur Ier de Bretagne) (29 March 1187 – probably 1203) was 4th Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany between 1196 and 1203.
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Assize of Arms of 1181
The Assize of Arms of 1181 was a proclamation of King Henry II of England concerning the obligation of all freemen of England to possess and bear arms in the service of king and realm and to swear allegiance to the king, on pain of "vengeance, not merely on their lands or chattels, but on their limbs".
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Assize of mort d'ancestor
In English law, the assize of mort d'ancestor ("death of ancestor") was an action brought where a plaintiff claimed the defendant had entered upon a freehold belonging to the plaintiff following the death of one of his relatives.
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Assize of novel disseisin
In English law, the Assize of novel disseisin ("recent dispossession") was an action to recover lands of which the plaintiff had been disseised, or dispossessed.
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Atheism
Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.
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Évreux
Évreux is a commune in and the capital of the department of Eure, in the French region of Normandy.
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Backgammon
Backgammon is one of the oldest known board games.
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Baldwin I, Latin Emperor
Baldwin I (Boudewijn; Baudouin; July 1172 –) was the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople.
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Battle of Bouvines
The Battle of Bouvines, was a medieval battle fought on 27 July 1214 near the town of Bouvines in the County of Flanders.
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Battle of Lincoln (1217)
The Second Battle of Lincoln occurred at Lincoln Castle on Saturday 20 May 1217, during the First Barons' War, between the forces of the future Louis VIII of France and those of King Henry III of England.
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Battle of Mirebeau
The Battle of Mirebeau was a battle in 1202 between the House of Lusignan-Breton alliance, the Kingdom of France, and the Kingdom of England.
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Battle of Roche-au-Moine
The Battle of Roche-au-Moine was a battle between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England in 1214.
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Battle of Sandwich (1217)
The Battle of Sandwich, also called the Battle of Dover took place on 24 August 1217 as part of the First Barons' War.
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Bayonne
Bayonne (Gascon: Baiona; Baiona; Bayona) is a city and commune and one of the two sub-prefectures of the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.
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Beaumont Palace
Beaumont Palace, built outside the north gate of Oxford, was intended by Henry I about 1130 to serve as a royal palace conveniently close to the royal hunting-lodge at Woodstock (now part of the park of Blenheim Palace).
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Beauvais
Beauvais archaic English: Beawayes, Beeway, Boway, is a city and commune in northern France.
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Bertrade de Montfort
Bertrade de Montfort (c. 1070 – 14 February 1117) was a queen consort of France by marriage to Philip I of France.
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Bishop of Ely
The Bishop of Ely is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Ely in the Province of Canterbury.
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Bishop of Norwich
The Bishop of Norwich is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Norwich in the Province of Canterbury.
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Blanche of Castile
Blanche of Castile (Blanca; 4 March 1188 – 27 November 1252) was Queen of France by marriage to Louis VIII.
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Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.
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Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer, often called Boulogne (Latin: Gesoriacum or Bononia, Boulonne-su-Mér, Bonen), is a coastal city in Northern France.
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Bretons
The Bretons (Bretoned) are a Celtic ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France.
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Brittany
Brittany (Bretagne; Breizh, pronounced or; Gallo: Bertaèyn, pronounced) is a cultural region in the northwest of France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.
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Cambridge
Cambridge is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam approximately north of London.
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Canterbury Cathedral
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England.
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Capetian dynasty
The Capetian dynasty, also known as the House of France, is a dynasty of Frankish origin, founded by Hugh Capet.
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Castle
A castle (from castellum) is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages by predominantly the nobility or royalty and by military orders.
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Cathedral chapter
According to both Anglican and Catholic canon law, a cathedral chapter is a college of clerics (chapter) formed to advise a bishop and, in the case of a vacancy of the episcopal see in some countries, to govern the diocese during the vacancy.
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Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified.
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Château de Chinon
Château de Chinon is a castle located on the bank of the Vienne river in Chinon, France.
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Château Gaillard
Château Gaillard ("Strong Castle") is a ruined medieval castle, located above the commune of Les Andelys overlooking the River Seine, in the Eure département of Normandy, France.
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Chronicle
A chronicle (chronica, from Greek χρονικά, from χρόνος, chronos, "time") is a historical account of facts and events ranged in chronological order, as in a time line.
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Cinque Ports
The Confederation of Cinque Ports is a historic series of coastal towns in Kent and Sussex.
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Claude Rains
William Claude Rains (10 November 188930 May 1967) was an English–American film and stage actor whose career spanned several decades.
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Constitution of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom does not have one specific constitutional document named as such.
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Cornwall
Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.
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Cotswolds
The Cotswolds is an area in south central England containing the Cotswold Hills, a range of rolling hills which rise from the meadows of the upper Thames to an escarpment, known as the Cotswold Edge, above the Severn Valley and Evesham Vale.
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Count of Poitiers
Among the people who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers (or Poitou, in what is now France but in the Middle Ages became part of Aquitaine) are.
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Counts and dukes of Anjou
The Count of Anjou was the ruler of the county of Anjou, first granted by Charles the Bald in the 9th century to Robert the Strong.
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Counts and dukes of Maine
This is a list of counts and dukes of Maine, with their capital at Le Mans.
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Crossbow
A crossbow is a type of ranged weapon based on the bow and consisting of a horizontal bow-like assembly mounted on a frame which is handheld in a similar fashion to the stock of a gun.
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Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom
The Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, originally the Crown Jewels of England, are 140 royal ceremonial objects kept in the Tower of London, which include the regalia and vestments worn by British kings and queens at their coronations.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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Curia regis
Curia regis is a Latin term meaning "royal council" or "king's court." It was the name given to councils of advisors and administrators who served early French kings as well as to those serving Norman and later kings of England.
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Damme
Damme is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders, six kilometres northeast of Brugge (Bruges).
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Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard
Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard (Poitevin: Dangerosa; 1079-1151) was the daughter of Bartholomew of l'Île-Bouchard.
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Dax, Landes
Dax (Dacs in Occitan) is a commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France, sub-prefecture of the Landes department.
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Deflation
In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.
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Demesne
In the feudal system, the demesne was all the land which was retained by a lord of the manor for his own use and support, under his own management, as distinguished from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants.
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Derby
Derby is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England.
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Devon
Devon, also known as Devonshire, which was formerly its common and official name, is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south.
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Dispensation (canon law)
In the jurisprudence of canon law of the Catholic Church, a dispensation is the exemption from the immediate obligation of law in certain cases.
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Divine right of kings
The divine right of kings, divine right, or God's mandate is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy.
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Domesday Book
Domesday Book (or; Latin: Liber de Wintonia "Book of Winchester") is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror.
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Dorset
Dorset (archaically: Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast.
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Dover
Dover is a town and major ferry port in the home county of Kent, in South East England.
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Dublin
Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.
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Duchy of Aquitaine
The Duchy of Aquitaine (Ducat d'Aquitània,, Duché d'Aquitaine) was a historical fiefdom in western, central and southern areas of present-day France to the south of the Loire River, although its extent, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries, at times comprising much of what is now southwestern France (Gascony) and central France.
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Duchy of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183.
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Duchy of Normandy
The Duchy of Normandy grew out of the 911 Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and Rollo, leader of the Vikings.
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Duke of Aquitaine
The Duke of Aquitaine (Duc d'Aquitània, Duc d'Aquitaine) was the ruler of the ancient region of Aquitaine (not to be confused with modern-day Aquitaine) under the supremacy of Frankish, English, and later French kings.
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Duke of Normandy
In the Middle Ages, the Duke of Normandy was the ruler of the Duchy of Normandy in north-western France.
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Dysentery
Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhea and abdominal pains.
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Edinburgh
Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann; Edinburgh) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas.
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Effigy
An effigy is a representation of a specific person in the form of sculpture or some other three-dimensional medium.
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Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine (Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Éléonore,; 1124 – 1 April 1204) was queen consort of France (1137–1152) and England (1154–1189) and duchess of Aquitaine in her own right (1137–1204).
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Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester
Eleanor of England (also called Eleanor Plantagenet and Eleanor of Leicester) (1215 – 13 April 1275) was the youngest child of King John of England and Isabella of Angoulême.
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Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile
Eleanor of England (Leonor; 13 October 1162 – 31 October 1214), or Eleanor Plantaganet, was Queen of Castile and Toledo as wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile.
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Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany
Eleanor Fair Maid of Brittany (c. 1184 – 10 August 1241), also known as Damsel of Brittany, Pearl of Brittany, or Beauty of Brittany, was the eldest daughter of Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, the fourth son of King Henry II of England, and Constance, Duchess of Brittany.
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Elias I, Count of Maine
Elias I (also Hélie or Élie) (died 11 July 1110),Nécrologe-obituaire de la cathédrale du Mans, G. Busson and A. Ledru eds., Archives historiques de Maine VII (Le Mans 1906),163-164.
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Empress Matilda
Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was the claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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English Channel
The English Channel (la Manche, "The Sleeve"; Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel"; Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; Mor Bretannek, "Sea of Brittany"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.
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English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures.
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Ermengarde, Countess of Maine
Ermengarde or Erembourg of Maine, also known as Erembourg de la Flèche (died 1126), was Countess of Maine and the Lady of Château-du-Loir from 1110 to 1126.
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Errol Flynn
Errol Leslie Flynn (20 June 1909 – 14 October 1959) was an Australian-born American actor who achieved fame in Hollywood after 1935.
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Exchequer
In the civil service of the United Kingdom, Her Majesty’s Exchequer, or just the Exchequer, is the accounting process of central government and the government's current account i.e. money held from taxation and other government revenues in the Consolidated Fund.
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Excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular receiving of the sacraments.
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Exeter
Exeter is a cathedral city in Devon, England, with a population of 129,800 (mid-2016 EST).
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Falkes de Breauté
Sir Falkes de Breauté (died 1226) (also spelled Fawkes de Breauté or Fulk de Brent) was an Anglo-Norman soldier who earned high office by loyally serving first King John and later King Henry III in First Barons' War.
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Ferdinand, Count of Flanders
Ferdinand (24 March 1188 – 27 July 1233; Portuguese: Fernando, French and Dutch: Ferrand) reigned as jure uxoris Count of Flanders and Hainaut from his marriage to Countess Joan, celebrated in Paris in 1212, until his death.
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First Barons' War
The First Barons' War (1215–1217) was a civil war in the Kingdom of England in which a group of rebellious major landowners (commonly referred to as barons) led by Robert Fitzwalter and supported by a French army under the future Louis VIII of France, waged war against King John of England.
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Flanders
Flanders (Vlaanderen, Flandre, Flandern) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium, although there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics and history.
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Fontevraud Abbey
The Royal Abbey of Our Lady of Fontevraud or Fontevrault (in French: abbaye de Fontevraud) was a monastery in the village of Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, near Chinon, in Anjou, France.
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Forecastle
The forecastle (abbreviated fo'c'sle or fo'c's'le) is the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters.
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Foxe's Book of Martyrs
The Actes and Monuments, popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, is a work of Protestant history and martyrology by John Foxe, first published in English in 1563 by John Day.
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Frank McLynn
Francis James McLynn FRHistS FRGS (born 29 August 1941), known as Frank McLynn, is a British author, biographer, historian and journalist.
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Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250; Fidiricu, Federico, Friedrich) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.
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Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
Fulk IV (in French Foulques IV) (1043–14 April 1109), called le Réchin, was the Count of Anjou from 1068 until his death.
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Fulk, King of Jerusalem
Fulk (Fulco, Foulque or Foulques; c. 1089/92 – 13 November 1143), also known as Fulk the Younger, was the Count of Anjou (as Fulk V) from 1109 to 1129 and the King of Jerusalem from 1131 to his death.
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Galley
A galley is a type of ship that is propelled mainly by rowing.
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Gamaches
Gamaches is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
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Gascony
Gascony (Gascogne; Gascon: Gasconha; Gaskoinia) is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution.
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Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany
Geoffrey II (Jafrez;, Anglo-Norman: Geoffroy; 23 September 1158 – 19 August 1186) was Duke of Brittany and 3rd Earl of Richmond between 1181 and 1186, through his marriage with the heiress Constance.
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Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151) — called the Handsome or the Fair (le Bel) and Plantagenet — was the Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine by inheritance from 1129 and then Duke of Normandy by conquest from 1144.
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Gervase of Canterbury
Gervase of Canterbury (Latin: Gervasus Cantuariensis or Gervasius Dorobornensis) (c. 1141 – c. 1210) was an English chronicler.
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Henry I of England
Henry I (c. 1068 – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death.
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Henry II of England
Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also partially controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany.
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Henry III of England
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death.
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Henry the Young King
Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 – 11 June 1183), was the eldest surviving son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
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Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VI (Heinrich VI) (November 1165 – 28 September 1197), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1190 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 until his death.
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Hildegarde of Burgundy
Hildegarde of Burgundy (–1104) was a French noble, Duchess consort of Gascony and Aquitaine by marriage to William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine.
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History of Auvergne
The history of the Auvergne dates back to the early Middle Ages, when it was a historic province in south central France.
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HMNB Portsmouth
Her Majesty's Naval Base, Portsmouth (HMNB Portsmouth) is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the British Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and HMNB Devonport).
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Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor (historically Romanorum Imperator, "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 AD, from Charlemagne to Francis II).
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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House of Capet
The House of Capet or the Direct Capetians (Capétiens directs, Maison capétienne), also called the House of France (la maison de France), or simply the Capets, ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328.
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House of Lusignan
The House of Lusignan was a royal house of French origin, which at various times ruled several principalities in Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries during the Middle Ages.
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House of Plantagenet
The House of Plantagenet was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France.
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Howard Pyle
Howard Pyle (March 5, 1853 – November 9, 1911) was an American illustrator and author, primarily of books for young people.
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Hubert Walter
Hubert Walter (– 13 July 1205) was an influential royal adviser in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries in the positions of Chief Justiciar of England, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor.
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Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath
Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath, 4th Baron Lacy (born before 1135, died 25 July 1186), was an Anglo-Norman landowner and royal office-holder.
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Hugh de Puiset
Hugh de Puiset (c. 1125 – 3 March 1195) was a medieval Bishop of Durham and Chief Justiciar of England under King Richard I. He was the nephew of King Stephen of England and Henry of Blois, who both assisted Hugh's ecclesiastical career.
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Hugh of Lincoln
Hugh of Lincoln (1135/40 – 16 November 1200), also known as Hugh of Avalon, was a French noble, Benedictine and Carthusian monk, bishop of Lincoln in the Kingdom of England, and Catholic saint.
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Hugh X of Lusignan
Hugh X de Lusignan, Hugh V of La Marche or Hugh I of Angoulême (c.
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Humbert III, Count of Savoy
Umberto III (1136, Avigliana, Piedmont – 4 March 1188, Chambéry, Savoy), surnamed the Blessed, was Count of Savoy from 1148 to 1188.
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Interdict
In Catholic canon law, an interdict is an ecclesiastical censure, or ban that prohibits persons, certain active Church individuals or groups from participating in certain rites, or that the rites and services of the church are banished from having validity in certain territories for a limited or extended time.
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Investiture Controversy
The Investiture controversy or Investiture contest was a conflict between church and state in medieval Europe over the ability to appoint local church officials through investiture.
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Isabella of Angoulême
Isabella of Angoulême (Isabelle d'Angoulême,; c. 1186/1188 – 4 June 1246) was queen consort of England as the second wife of King John from 1200 until John's death in 1216.
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Isabella of England
Isabella of England (1214 – 1 December 1241), was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Germans, and Queen consort of Sicily.
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Isabella, Countess of Gloucester
Isabella, Countess of Gloucester (c. 1173 – 14 October 1217), was an English noblewoman who was married to King John prior to his accession.
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Ivanhoe
Ivanhoe is an historical novel by Sir Walter Scott, first published in 1820 in three volumes and subtitled A Romance.
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J. C. Holt
Sir James Clarke ("Jim") Holt, FBA (26 April 1922 – 9 April 2014) was an English medieval historian, known particularly for his work on Magna Carta.
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James Goldman
James Goldman (June 30, 1927 – October 28, 1998) was an American screenwriter and playwright, and the brother of screenwriter and novelist William Goldman.
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Jim Bradbury
Jim Bradbury (born 27 February 1937) is a British historian specialising in the military history of the Middle Ages.
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Joan of England, Queen of Scotland
Joan of England (22 July 1210 – 4 March 1238), was Queen consort of Scotland from 1221 until her death.
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Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
Joan of England (October 1165 – 4 September 1199) was a queen consort of Sicily and countess consort of Toulouse.
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Joan, Lady of Wales
Joan, Lady of Wales and Lady of Snowdon, also known by her Welsh name of Siwan, (c. 1191 – 2 February 1237) was the wife of Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales and Gwynedd, effective ruler of most of Wales.
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John Bale
John Bale (21 November 1495 – November 1563) was an English churchman, historian and controversialist, and Bishop of Ossory.
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John de Gray
John de Gray or de Grey (died 18 October 1214) was a medieval English Bishop of Norwich, and the elected but unconfirmed Archbishop of Canterbury.
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John Foxe
John Foxe (1516/17 – 18 April 1587) was an English historian and martyrologist, the author of Actes and Monuments (popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs), an account of Christian martyrs throughout Western history, but emphasizing the sufferings of English Protestants and proto-Protestants from the 14th century through the reign of Mary I. Widely owned and read by English Puritans, the book helped to mould British popular opinion about the Catholic Church for several centuries.
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John Gillingham
John Bennett Gillingham (born 3 August 1940) is Emeritus Professor of Medieval History at the London School of Economics and Political Science.
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John II of France
John II (Jean II; 26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364), called John the Good (French: Jean le Bon), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1350 until his death.
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John Speed
John Speed (1551 or 1552 – 28 July 1629) was an English cartographer and historian.
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John Tristan, Count of Valois
John Tristan (8 April 1250 - 3 August 1270) was a French prince of the Capetian dynasty.
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John's first expedition to Ireland
In 1185, Henry II of England's son John, then Lord of Ireland and future King of England, travelled from England to Ireland to consolidate the Anglo-Norman colonisation of Ireland.
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Justiciar
In Medieval England and Scotland the Chief Justiciar (later known simply as the Justiciar) was roughly equivalent to a modern Prime Minister as the monarch's chief minister.
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Kate Norgate
Kate Norgate (1853–1935) was a British historian.
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Kent
Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties.
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King John (play)
The Life and Death of King John, a Shakespearean historic play by William Shakespeare, dramatises the reign of John, King of England (ruled 1199–1216), son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and father of Henry III of England.
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King John and Matilda
King John and Matilda is a Caroline era stage play, a historical tragedy written by Robert Davenport.
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King of the Romans
King of the Romans (Rex Romanorum; König der Römer) was a title used by Syagrius, then by the German king following his election by the princes from the time of Emperor Henry II (1014–1024) onward.
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King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn, is a seaport and market town in Norfolk, England, about north of London, north-east of Peterborough, north north-east of Cambridge and west of Norwich.
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Kingdom of Northumbria
The Kingdom of Northumbria (Norþanhymbra rīce) was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland.
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Knight
A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch, bishop or other political leader for service to the monarch or a Christian Church, especially in a military capacity.
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La Rochelle
La Rochelle is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean.
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Leopold V, Duke of Austria
Leopold V (1157 – 31 December 1194), known as the Virtuous (der Tugendhafte), a member of the House of Babenberg, was Duke of Austria from 1177 and Duke of Styria from 1192 until his death.
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Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Lincoln, England
Lincoln is a cathedral city and the county town of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands of England.
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Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in east central England.
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List of counts of Mortain
The County of Mortain was a medieval county in France centered on the town of Mortain.
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List of English monarchs
This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England.
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List of Irish kingdoms
This article lists some of the attested Gaelic kingdoms of Early Medieval Ireland prior to the Norman invasion of 1169-72.
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Liverpool
Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.
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Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great (Llywelyn Fawr), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 117311 April 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales.
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Loire Valley
The Loire Valley (Vallée de la Loire), spanning, is located in the middle stretch of the Loire River in central France, in both the administrative regions Pays de la Loire and Centre-Val de Loire.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Lordship of Ireland
The Lordship of Ireland (Tiarnas na hÉireann), sometimes referred to retroactively as Norman Ireland, was a period of feudal rule in Ireland between 1177 and 1542 under the King of England, styled as Lord of Ireland.
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Loudun
Loudun is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.
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Louis VII of France
Louis VII (called the Younger or the Young; Louis le Jeune; 1120 – 18 September 1180) was King of the Franks from 1137 until his death.
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Louis VIII of France
Louis VIII the Lion (Louis VIII le Lion; 5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) was King of France from 1223 to 1226.
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Magna Carta
Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "the Great Charter of the Liberties"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a charter agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.
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Malcolm III of Scotland
Malcolm III (Gaelic: Máel Coluim mac Donnchada; c. 26 March 1031 – 13 November 1093) was King of Scots from 1058 to 1093.
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Marcher Lord
A Marcher Lord was a noble appointed by the King of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales.
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Margam Abbey
Margam Abbey (Abaty Margam) was a Cistercian monastery, located in the village of Margam, a suburb of modern Port Talbot in Wales.
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Mark (currency)
The mark was a currency or unit of account in many nations.
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Materiel
Materiel, more commonly matériel in US English and also listed as the only spelling in some UK dictionaries (both pronounced, from French matériel meaning equipment or hardware), refers to military technology and supplies in military and commercial supply chain management.
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Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
Matilda of England (Mathilde von England, also called Maud; 6 January 1156 – 28 June 1189) was the eldest daughter of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
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Matilda of Flanders
Matilda of Flanders (Mathilde; Machteld) (1031 – 2 November 1083) was Queen of England and Duchess of Normandy by marriage to William the Conqueror, and sometime Regent of these realms during his absence.
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Matilda of Scotland
Matilda of Scotland (c. 1080 – 1 May 1118), originally christened Edith, was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry I. She acted as regent of England in the absence of her spouse on several occasions.
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Matthew Paris
Matthew Paris, known as Matthew of Paris (Latin: Matthæus Parisiensis, "Matthew the Parisian"; c. 1200 – 1259), was a Benedictine monk, English chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts and cartographer, based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire.
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Maurienne
Maurienne is one of the provinces of Savoy, corresponding to the arrondissement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in France.
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Mirebeau
Mirebeau is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.
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Montlouis-sur-Loire
Montlouis-sur-Loire is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.
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Muhammad al-Nasir
Muhammad al-Nasir (الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور, an-Nāṣir li-dīn Allah Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr, died 1213) was the fourth Almohad caliph from 1199 until his death.
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Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire
Newark Castle, in Newark, in the English county of Nottinghamshire was founded in the mid 12th century by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln.
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Newark-on-Trent
Newark-on-Trent or Newark is a market town and civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of the county of Nottinghamshire, in the East Midlands of England.
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Norman conquest of England
The Norman conquest of England (in Britain, often called the Norman Conquest or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, Flemish and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.
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Normandy
Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.
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Normans
The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Normanni) were the people who, in the 10th and 11th centuries, gave their name to Normandy, a region in France.
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Northampton
Northampton is the county town of Northamptonshire in the East Midlands of England.
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Nottingham
Nottingham is a city and unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, England, north of London, in the East Midlands.
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Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire (pronounced or; abbreviated Notts) is a county in the East Midlands region of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west.
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Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto IV (1175 – 19 May 1218) was one of two rival kings of Germany from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until he was forced to abdicate in 1215.
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Oxford
Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.
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Pandulf Verraccio
Pandulf Verraccio (died 16 September 1226), whose first name may also be spelled Pandolph or Pandulph (Pandolfo in Italian), was a Roman ecclesiastical politician, papal legate to England and bishop of Norwich.
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Papal bull
A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by a pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Papal legate
A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or Apostolic legate (from the Ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Pembrokeshire
Pembrokeshire (or; Sir Benfro) is a county in the southwest of Wales.
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Penny
A penny is a coin (. pennies) or a unit of currency (pl. pence) in various countries.
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Peter des Roches
Peter des Roches (died 9 June 1238) was bishop of Winchester in the reigns of King John of England and his son Henry III.
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Peter Ustinov
Sir Peter Alexander Ustinov, (né von Ustinov; or; 16 April 192128 March 2004) was a British actor, voice actor, writer, dramatist, filmmaker, theatre and opera director, stage designer, screenwriter, comedian, humorist, newspaper and magazine columnist, radio broadcaster, and television presenter.
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Philip II of France
Philip II, known as Philip Augustus (Philippe Auguste; 21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223, a member of the House of Capet.
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Philip Marc
Philip Marc was a High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests in 1208.
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Philippa, Countess of Toulouse
Philippa (c. 1073 – 28 November 1118) was the sovereign Countess of Toulouse, as well as the duchess consort of Aquitaine by marriage to Duke William IX of Aquitaine.
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Piedmont
Piedmont (Piemonte,; Piedmontese, Occitan and Piemont; Piémont) is a region in northwest Italy, one of the 20 regions of the country.
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Piety
In spiritual terminology, piety is a virtue that may include religious devotion, spirituality, or a mixture of both.
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Pipe rolls
The Pipe rolls, sometimes called the Great rolls,Brown Governance pp.
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Poitiers
Poitiers is a city on the Clain river in west-central France.
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Poitou
Poitou, in Poitevin: Poetou, was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.
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Police des Vins
The police des vins were a set of codes and business practices set up in the 13th and 14th century that govern the wine trade within the region of Bordeaux and the use of its port by neighboring areas.
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Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III (Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni) reigned from 8 January 1198 to his death in 1216.
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Pope Lucius III
Pope Lucius III (c. 1100 – 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned from 1 September 1181 to his death in 1185.
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Primogeniture
Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the paternally acknowledged, firstborn son to inherit his parent's entire or main estate, in preference to daughters, elder illegitimate sons, younger sons and collateral relatives; in some cases the estate may instead be the inheritance of the firstborn child or occasionally the firstborn daughter.
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Prior
Prior, derived from the Latin for "earlier, first", (or prioress for nuns) is an ecclesiastical title for a superior, usually lower in rank than an abbot or abbess.
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Province of Canterbury
The Province of Canterbury, or less formally the Southern Province, is one of two ecclesiastical provinces which constitute the Church of England.
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Proximity of blood
Proximity of blood, or proximity by degree of kinship, is one of the ways to determine hereditary succession based on genealogy.
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Quicksand
Quicksand is a colloid hydrogel consisting of fine granular material (such as sand, silt or clay), and water.
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Ralph de Diceto
Ralph de Diceto (d. c. 1202) was archdeacon of Middlesex, dean of St Paul's Cathedral (from c. 1180), and author of two chronicles, the Abbreviationes chronicorum and the Ymagines historiarum.
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Ralph of Coggeshall
Ralph of Coggeshall (died after 1227), English chronicler, was at first a monk and afterwards sixth abbot (1207–1218) of Coggeshall, an Essex foundation of the Cistercian order.
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Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester
Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester and 1st Earl of Lincoln (1170–1232), known in some references as the 4th Earl of Chester (in the second lineage of the title after the original family line was broken after the 2nd Earl), was one of the "old school" of Anglo-Norman barons whose loyalty to the Angevin dynasty was consistent but contingent on the receipt of lucrative favours.
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Ranulf de Glanvill
Ranulf de Glanvill (alias Glanvil, Glanville, Granville, etc., died 1190) was Chief Justiciar of England during the reign of King Henry II (1154–89) and was the probable author of Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie (The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of England), the earliest treatise on the laws of England.
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Raoul I of Lusignan
Raoul I of Lusignan or Raoul I de Lusignan (1160 or 1164/1165 – Acre, Palestine, 1217 or Melle, May 1, 1219) was the second son of Hugh de Lusignan, Co-Seigneur de Lusignan (c. 1141 – 1169) and the grandson of Hugh VIII.
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Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse
Raymond VI (Ramon; October 27, 1156 – August 2, 1222) was Count of Toulouse and Marquis of Provence from 1194 to 1222.
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Reginald (sub-prior)
Reginald was a medieval Archbishop of Canterbury-elect.
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Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall
Reginald de Dunstanville (c. 1110 – 1 July 1175) (alias Reginald FitzRoy, Rainald, etc., French: Renaud de Donstanville or de Dénestanville) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and an illegitimate son of King Henry I (1100-1135).
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Renaud I, Count of Dammartin
Renaud de Dammartin (Reginald of Boulogne) (c. 1165 – 1227) was Count of Boulogne from 1190, Count of Dammartin from 1200 to 1214 and Count of Aumale from 1204 to 1214.
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Resurrection of Jesus
The resurrection of Jesus or resurrection of Christ is the Christian religious belief that, after being put to death, Jesus rose again from the dead: as the Nicene Creed expresses it, "On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures".
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Revolt of 1173–74
The Revolt of 1173–74 was a rebellion against King Henry II of England by three of his sons, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, and their rebel supporters.
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Richard FitzRoy
Richard FitzRoy (c. 1190 – June 1246) (alias Richard de Chilham and Richard de DoverSanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, p.111, note 5) was the illegitimate son of King John of England and was feudal baron of Chilham, in Kent.
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Richard I of England
Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death.
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Richard of Devizes
Richard of Devizes (fl. late 12th century), English chronicler, was a monk of St Swithin's house at Winchester.
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Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
Richard (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272), second son of John, King of England, was the nominal Count of Poitou (1225-1243), Earl of Cornwall (from 1225) and King of Germany (from 1257).
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Robert Barnes (martyr)
Robert Barnes (c. 1495 – 30 July 1540) was an English reformer and martyr.
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Robert Davenport (dramatist)
Robert Davenport (fl. 16231639) was an English dramatist of the early seventeenth century.
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Robert Fitzwalter
Robert FitzwalterAlso spelled FitzWalter, fitzWalter, etc.
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Robin Hood
Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature and film.
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Robin Hood (1922 film)
Robin Hood is a 1922 adventure film starring Douglas Fairbanks and Wallace Beery.
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Robin Hood (1973 film)
Robin Hood is a 1973 American animated musical comedy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions which was first released in the United States on November 8, 1973.
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Rochester Castle
Rochester Castle stands on the east bank of the River Medway in Rochester, Kent, South East England.
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Roger de Lacy (1170–1211)
Roger de Lacy (1170–1211), 6th Baron of Pontefract, 7th Lord of Bowland, Lord of Blackburnshire, 7th Baron of Halton and Constable of Chester (formerly Roger le Constable) was a notable English soldier, crusader and baron in the late 12th and early 13th centuries.
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Roger of Hoveden
Roger of Hoveden or Howden (fl. 1174–1201) was a 12th-century English chronicler.
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Roger of Wendover
Roger of Wendover (died 6 May 1236), probably a native of Wendover in Buckinghamshire, was an English chronicler of the 13th century.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen (Latin: Archidioecesis Rothomagensis; French: Archidiocèse de Rouen) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.
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Routiers
Routiers were mercenary soldiers of the Middle Ages.
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Runnymede
Runnymede is a water-meadow alongside the River Thames in the English county of Surrey, and just over west of central London.
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Saint Margaret of Scotland
Saint Margaret of Scotland (Scots: Saunt Magret, c. 1045 – 16 November 1093), also known as Margaret of Wessex, was an English princess and a Scottish queen.
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Sam De Grasse
Samuel Alfred De Grasse (June 12, 1875 – November 29, 1953) was a Canadian actor.
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Sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (plural, sarcophagi) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.
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Savoy
Savoy (Savouè,; Savoie; Savoia) is a cultural region in Western Europe.
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Scutage
Scutage is a medieval English tax levied on holders of a knight's fee under the feudal land tenure of knight-service.
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Seine
The Seine (La Seine) is a river and an important commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France.
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Seneschal
A seneschal was a senior court appointment within a royal, ducal, or noble household during the Middle Ages and early Modern period, historically a steward or majordomo of a medieval great house, such as a royal household.
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Sheriff of Nottingham
The Sheriff of Nottingham is the main antagonist in the legend of Robin Hood.
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Shire
A shire is a traditional term for a division of land, found in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and some other English speaking countries.
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Siege of Château Gaillard
The Siege of Château Gaillard was a part of Philip II's campaign to conquer the king of England's continental properties.
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Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (– 4 August 1265), also called Simon de Munford and sometimes referred to as Simon V de Montfort to distinguish him from other Simons de Montfort, was a French-English nobleman who inherited the title and estates of the earldom of Leicester in England.
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Somerset
Somerset (or archaically, Somersetshire) is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west.
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Stephen Langton
Stephen Langton (c. 1150 – 9 July 1228) was an English Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Canterbury between 1207 and his death in 1228.
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Style of the British sovereign
The precise style of British sovereigns has varied over the years.
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Tallage
Tallage or talliage (from the French tailler, i.e. a part cut out of the whole) may have signified at first any tax, but became in England and France a land use or land tenure tax.
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The Adventures of Robin Hood
The Adventures of Robin Hood is a 1938 American Technicolor swashbuckler film from Warner Bros., produced by Hal B. Wallis and Henry Blanke, directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley, that stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, and Claude Rains.
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The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington
The Downfall of Robert Earl of Huntington and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington are two closely related Elizabethan-era stage plays on the Robin Hood legend, that were written by Anthony Munday (possibly with help from Henry Chettle) in 1598 and published in 1601.
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The Lion in Winter
The Lion in Winter is a 1966 play by James Goldman, depicting the personal and political conflicts of Henry II of England, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, their children and their guests during Christmas 1183.
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The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood
The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood of Great Renown in Nottinghamshire is an 1883 novel by the American illustrator and writer Howard Pyle.
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The Troublesome Reign of King John
The Troublesome Reign of King John (c. 1589) is an Elizabethan history play, probably by George Peele, that is generally accepted by scholars as the source and model that William Shakespeare employed for his own King John (c. 1596).
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The Wash
The Wash is a largely rectangular bay and estuary at the north-west corner of East Anglia on the East coast of England, where Norfolk meets Lincolnshire.
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Third Crusade
The Third Crusade (1189–1192), was an attempt by European Christian leaders to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan, Saladin, in 1187.
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Thomas Becket
Thomas Becket (also known as Saint Thomas of Canterbury, Thomas of London, and later Thomas à Becket; (21 December c. 1119 (or 1120) – 29 December 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his murder in 1170. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by both the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. He engaged in conflict with Henry II, King of England, over the rights and privileges of the Church and was murdered by followers of the king in Canterbury Cathedral. Soon after his death, he was canonised by Pope Alexander III.
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Tours
Tours is a city located in the centre-west of France.
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Tower of London
The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.
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Treaty of Falaise
The Treaty of Falaise was an agreement made in December 1174 between the captive William I, King of Scots, and Henry II, King of England.
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Treaty of Lambeth
The Treaty of Lambeth of 1217, also known as the Treaty of Kingston to distinguish it from the Treaty of Lambeth of 1212, was a peace treaty signed by Prince Louis of France in September 1217 ending the campaign known as the First Barons' War to uphold the claim by Louis to the throne of England.
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Treaty of Le Goulet
The Treaty of Le Goulet was signed by the kings John of England and Philip II of France in May 1200 and aimed to ultimately settle the claims the Angevin kings of England had on French lands.
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Tudor period
The Tudor period is the period between 1485 and 1603 in England and Wales and includes the Elizabethan period during the reign of Elizabeth I until 1603.
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Unfree labour
Unfree labour is a generic or collective term for those work relations, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), compulsion, or other forms of extreme hardship to themselves or members of their families.
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Universalism
Universalism is a theological and philosophical concept that some ideas have universal application or applicability.
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Viaticum
Viaticum is a term used especially in the Catholic Church for the Eucharist (also called Holy Communion) administered, with or without Anointing of the Sick (also called Extreme Unction), to a person who is dying, and is thus a part of the Last Rites.
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Victorian literature
Victorian literature is literature, mainly written in English, during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (the Victorian era).
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Vivian Hunter Galbraith
Vivian Hunter Galbraith, FBA (15 December 1889 – 25 November 1976) was an English historian, fellow of the British Academy and Oxford Regius Professor of Modern History.
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W. L. Warren
Wilfred Lewis Warren (24 August 1929 – 19 July 1994) was an historian of medieval England.
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Walter de Coutances
Walter de Coutances (died 16 November 1207) was a medieval Anglo-Norman bishop of Lincoln and archbishop of Rouen.
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Walter Scott
Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, playwright, poet and historian.
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Welsh Marches
The Welsh Marches (Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along and around the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom.
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Welsh uprising of 1211
The Welsh uprising of 1211 was a rebellion by several Welsh princes, orchestrated by Llywelyn ap Iorwerth with primary support from Gwenwynwyn of Powys, Maelgwn ap Rhys, Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor and Maredudd ap Robert against King John of England.
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Wet nurse
A wet nurse is a woman who breast feeds and cares for another's child.
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Whig history
Whig history (or Whig historiography) is an approach to historiography that presents the past as an inevitable progression towards ever greater liberty and enlightenment, culminating in modern forms of liberal democracy and constitutional monarchy.
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Whirlpool
A whirlpool is a body of swirling water produced by the meeting of opposing currents.
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William d'Aubigny (rebel)
William d'Aubigny or D'Aubeney or d'Albini, Lord of Belvoir (died 1 May 1236) was a prominent member of the baronial rebellions against King John of England.
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William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber
William de Braose, (or William de Briouze), 4th Lord of Bramber (1144/1153 – 9 August 1211), court favourite of King John of England, at the peak of his power, was also Lord of Gower, Abergavenny, Brecknock, Builth, Radnor, Kington, Limerick, Glamorgan, Skenfrith, Briouze in Normandy, Grosmont, and White Castle.
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William de Longchamp
William de Longchamp (died 1197) was a medieval Lord Chancellor, Chief Justiciar, and Bishop of Ely in England.
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William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex
William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex (1st Creation) (died 14 November 1189) was a loyal councillor of Henry II and Richard I of England.
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William des Roches
William des Roches (died 1222) (in French Guillaume des Roches) was a French knight and crusader who acted as Seneschal of Anjou, of Maine and of Touraine.
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William FitzAldelm
William FitzAldelm, FitzAdelm, FitzAldhelm, or FitzAudelin was a Norman noble from Suffolk or North Yorkshire.
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William IV, Count of Toulouse
William IV of Toulouse (1040 – 1094) was Count of Toulouse, Margrave of Provence, and Duke of Narbonne from 1061 to 1094.
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William IX, Count of Poitiers
William (17 August 1153 – April 1156) was the first son of Henry II, King of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
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William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
William IX (Guilhèm de Peitieus; Guilhem de Poitou Guillaume de Poitiers) (22 October 1071 – 10 February 1127), called the Troubador, was the Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou (as William VII) between 1086 and his death.
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William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury
William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. 1176 – 7 March 1226) ("Long Sword", Latinised to de Longa Spatha) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, primarily remembered for his command of the English forces at the Battle of Damme and for remaining loyal to his half-brother, King John.
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William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: Williame li Mareschal), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman.
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William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (French:Guillaume) (1190 – 6 April 1231) was a medieval English nobleman and was one of Magna Carta sureties.
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William of Newburgh
William of Newburgh or Newbury (Guilelmus Neubrigensis, Wilhelmus Neubrigensis, or Willelmus de Novoburgo. 1136?–1198?), also known as William Parvus, was a 12th-century English historian and Augustinian canon of Anglo-Saxon descent from Bridlington, Yorkshire.
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William of Wrotham
William of Wrotham or William de Wrotham (died c. 1217) was a medieval English royal administrator and clergyman.
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William the Conqueror
William I (c. 1028Bates William the Conqueror p. 33 – 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.
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William the Lion
William the Lion (Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric (i.e. William, son of Henry); Modern Gaelic: Uilleam mac Eanraig), sometimes styled William I, also known by the nickname Garbh, "the Rough",Uilleam Garbh; e.g. Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1214.6; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1213.10.
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William Tyndale
William Tyndale (sometimes spelled Tynsdale, Tindall, Tindill, Tyndall; &ndash) was an English scholar who became a leading figure in the Protestant Reformation in the years leading up to his execution.
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William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine
William VIII (– 25 September 1086), born Guy-Geoffrey (Gui-Geoffroi), was duke of Gascony (1052–1086), and then duke of Aquitaine and count of Poitiers (as William VI) between 1058 and 1086, succeeding his brother William VII (Pierre-Guillaume).
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William X, Duke of Aquitaine
William X (Guillém X in Occitan) (1099 – 9 April 1137), called the Saint, was Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, and Count of Poitou (as William VIII) from 1126 to 1137.
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Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire.
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Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.
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Worcester Cathedral
Worcester Cathedral, is an Anglican cathedral in Worcester, England, situated on a bank overlooking the River Severn.
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Wulfstan (died 1095)
Wulfstan (c. 1008 – 20 January 1095) was Bishop of Worcester from 1062 to 1095.
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Redirects here:
Bad King John, Earl of Moreton, Jean sans Terre, Joh. 1, Johan Sanz Terre, Johan sanz Terre, John (of England), John I Lackland, John I Lackland of England, John I of England, John I, King of England, John Lackland, John Lackland of England, John Sanz Terre, John Sanzterre, John Soft-Sword, John Soft-sword, John Softsword, John lackland, John of England, John sanz Terre, John the Bad, John the Incompetent, John, Earl of Cornwall and Gloucester, King John I Of England, King John I of England, King John of England, Prince John's rebellion, Sans Terre, Soft-Sword, Softsword.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England
