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Justus von Liebig

Index Justus von Liebig

Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and was considered the founder of organic chemistry. [1]

160 relations: Adolf von Baeyer, Adolph Strecker, Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts), Aldehyde, Alexander von Humboldt, Alter Südfriedhof, Ammonia, Apothecary, Atom, August Kekulé, August Wilhelm von Hofmann, Augustus Voelcker, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Benzoyl group, Biology, Bouillon cube, Burlington House, Calcium chloride, Carbon, Carbon dioxide, Carl August von Steinheil, Carl Schmidt (chemist), Carl Sprengel, Carl von Voit, Chemical compound, Chemical Society, Chemische Berichte, Chemist, Chemistry, Chloral, Christian Ehrenfried Weigel, Combustion analysis, Condenser (laboratory), Conservation (ethic), Copley Medal, Corps Rhenania Heidelberg, Darmstadt, Decomposition, Deutsche Bundespost, Drysalter, Eliza Acton, Emil Erlenmeyer, Engineer, Ethanol, Ethel Brilliana Tweedie, Ethyl group, Eugene W. Hilgard, Fertilizer, Finns, Fray Bentos, ..., Frederick William IV of Prussia, Freiherr, Friedrich Stohmann, Friedrich Wöhler, Fulminic acid, Fume hood, Georges Cuvier, German Empire, Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Henri Victor Regnault, Henriette Davidis, Henry Roscoe (chemist), Heppenheim, Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp, Hermann von Fehling, Hesse, History of soil science, Holy Roman Empire, Humus, Hydrogen, Indenture, Isocyanic acid, Isomer, Jacob Moleschott, Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Jean-Baptiste Boussingault, Jean-Baptiste Dumas, Johan Gadolin, Johann Friedrich August Göttling, John Bennet Lawes, John Stuart Mill, Joseph Henry Gilbert, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Journal für praktische Chemie, Journal of Chemical Education, Julius Eugen Schlossberger, Justin von Linde, Justus von Liebig, Kaliapparat, Karl Heinrich Ritthausen, Karl Vogt, Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner, Kingdom of Bavaria, Laboratory, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, Legion of Honour, Leipzig University, Liebig Medal, Liebig's Extract of Meat Company, Liebig's law of the minimum, Liebigs Annalen, List of chemists, Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse, Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse, Ludwig Büchner, Ludwig II of Bavaria, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Ludwig Order, Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair, Maria Parloa, Marmite, Materialism, Max Joseph von Pettenkofer, Max Rubner, Maximilian II of Bavaria, Meat extract, Mercury (element), Mineral (nutrient), Mirror, Moritz Traube, Munich, Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure, Nikolay Zinin, Nitrogen, Nutrient, Organic chemistry, Oxo (food), Oxygen, Pharmacist, Philipp Lorenz Geiger, Potassium hydroxide, Radical theory, Reflecting telescope, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Royal Society, Royal Society of Chemistry, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Scott catalogue, Searing, Sewage, Silver cyanate, Silver fulminate, Silver halide, Silvering, Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 2nd Baronet, Spontaneous human combustion, Subsistence crisis, The Lancet, Trademark, Trademark distinctiveness, Ultramontanism, University and State Library Düsseldorf, University of Bonn, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, University of Giessen, Urea, Volcanic winter, Wilhelm Henneberg, Year Without a Summer. Expand index (110 more) »

Adolf von Baeyer

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (31 October 1835 – 20 August 1917) was a German chemist who synthesised indigo, developed a nomenclature for cyclic compounds (that was subsequently extended and adopted as part of the IUPAC organic nomenclature).

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Adolph Strecker

Adolph Strecker (October 21, 1822 – November 7, 1871) was a German chemist who is remembered primarily for his work with amino acids.

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Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts)

The Albert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA) was instituted in 1864 as a memorial to Prince Albert, who had been President of the Society for 18 years.

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Aldehyde

An aldehyde or alkanal is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.

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Alexander von Humboldt

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a Prussian polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and influential proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.

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Alter Südfriedhof

The Alter Südfriedhof (Old South Cemetery) also known as "Alter Südlicher Friedhof" is a cemetery in Munich, Germany.

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Ammonia

Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.

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Apothecary

Apothecary is one term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses materia medica to physicians, surgeons, and patients.

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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

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August Kekulé

Friedrich August Kekulé, later Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (7 September 1829 – 13 July 1896), was a German organic chemist.

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August Wilhelm von Hofmann

August Wilhelm von Hofmann (8 April 18185 May 1892) was a German chemist.

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Augustus Voelcker

John Christopher Augustus Voelcker FRS (24 September 1822 – 5 December 1884) was a Royal Agricultural Society of England chemist.

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Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities

The Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften) is an independent public institution, located in Munich.

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Benzoyl group

In organic chemistry, benzoyl is the functional group with the formula C6H5CO-.

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Biology

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.

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Bouillon cube

A bouillon cube (Canada and US) or stock cube (Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, UK) or broth cube (Philippines) is dehydrated bouillon (French for broth) or stock formed into a small cube about wide.

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Burlington House

Burlington House is a building on Piccadilly in Mayfair, London.

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Calcium chloride

Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.

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Carbon

Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Carl August von Steinheil

Carl August von Steinheil (12 October 1801 – 14 September 1870) was a German physicist, inventor, engineer and astronomer.

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Carl Schmidt (chemist)

Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt (13 June 1822 – 27 February 1894), also known in Russia as Karl Genrikhovich Schmidt (Карл Ге́нрихович Шмидт) was a Baltic German chemist from the Governorate of Livonia, a part of the Russian Empire.

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Carl Sprengel

Karl or Philipp Carl Sprengel (March 29, 1787 – April 19, 1859) was a German botanist from Schillerslage (now part of Burgdorf, Hanover).

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Carl von Voit

Carl von Voit (31 October 1831 – 31 January 1908) was a German physiologist and dietitian.

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Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.

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Chemical Society

The Chemical Society was formed in 1841 (then named the Chemical Society of London) by 77 scientists as a result of increased interest in scientific matters.

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Chemische Berichte

Chemische Berichte (usually abbreviated as Ber. or Chem. Ber.) was a German-language scientific journal of all disciplines of chemistry founded in 1868.

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Chemist

A chemist (from Greek chēm (ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry.

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.

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Chloral

Chloral, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde or trichloroethanal, is the organic compound with the formula Cl3CCHO.

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Christian Ehrenfried Weigel

Christian Ehrenfried Weigel (24 May 1748 – 8 August 1831) was a German scientist and, beginning in 1774, a professor of Chemistry, Pharmacy, Botany, and Mineralogy at the University of Greifswald.

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Combustion analysis

Combustion analysis is a method used in both organic chemistry and analytical chemistry to determine the elemental composition (more precisely empirical formula) of a pure organic compound by combusting the sample under conditions where the resulting combustion products can be quantitatively analyzed.

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Condenser (laboratory)

A condenser is an apparatus or item of equipment used to condense (change the physical state of a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state).

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Conservation (ethic)

Conservation is an ethic of resource use, allocation, and protection.

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Copley Medal

The Copley Medal is a scientific award given by the Royal Society, for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science." It alternates between the physical and the biological sciences.

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Corps Rhenania Heidelberg

Corps Rhenania Heidelberg is a member Corps of the Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband, the oldest association of student fraternities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

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Darmstadt

Darmstadt is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region).

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Decomposition

Decomposition is the process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler organic matter.

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Deutsche Bundespost

The Deutsche Bundespost (German federal post office) was a German state-run postal service and telecommunications business founded in 1947.

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Drysalter

Drysalters were dealers in a range of chemical products, including glue, varnish, dye and colourings.

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Eliza Acton

Elizabeth "Eliza" Acton (17 April 1799 – 13 February 1859) was an English food writer and poet, who produced one of Britain's first cookbooks aimed at the domestic reader, Modern Cookery for Private Families.

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Emil Erlenmeyer

Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer, known in his own day and subsequently simply as Emil Erlenmeyer (28 June 1825 – 22 January 1909), was a German chemist known for contributing to the early development of the theory of structure, formulating the Erlenmeyer rule, and designing the Erlenmeyer flask, a type of chemical flask, which is named after him.

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Engineer

Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are people who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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Ethel Brilliana Tweedie

Ethel Brilliana Tweedie F.R.G.S. (1862–1940) was a prolific English author, travel writer, biographer, historian, editor, journalist, photographer and illustrator. She wrote as Mrs. Alec Tweedie, Mrs. Alec-Tweedie and as Ethel B. Harley.

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Ethyl group

In chemistry, an ethyl group is an alkyl substituent derived from ethane (C2H6).

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Eugene W. Hilgard

Eugene Woldemar Hilgard (January 5, 1833, Zweibrücken, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany – January 8, 1916, Berkeley, California, United States) was a German-American expert on pedology (the study of soil resources).

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Fertilizer

A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

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Finns

Finns or Finnish people (suomalaiset) are a Finnic ethnic group native to Finland.

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Fray Bentos

Fray Bentos is the capital city of the Río Negro Department, in south-western Uruguay.

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Frederick William IV of Prussia

Frederick William IV (Friedrich Wilhelm IV.; 15 October 17952 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861.

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Freiherr

Freiherr (male, abbreviated as Frhr.), Freifrau (his wife, abbreviated as Frfr., literally "free lord" or "free lady") and Freiin (his unmarried daughters and maiden aunts) are designations used as titles of nobility in the German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire, and in its various successor states, including Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, etc.

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Friedrich Stohmann

Friedrich Karl Adolf Stohmann (25 April 1832 – 1 November 1897) was a German agricultural chemist.

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Friedrich Wöhler

Friedrich Wöhler (31 July 1800 – 23 September 1882) was a German chemist, best known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several chemical elements.

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Fulminic acid

Fulminic acid is a chemical compound with a molecular formula HCNO.

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Fume hood

A fume hood (sometimes called a fume cupboard or fume closet) is a type of local ventilation device that is designed to limit exposure to hazardous or toxic fumes, vapors or dusts.

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Georges Cuvier

Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology".

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German Empire

The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.

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Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker

The Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) is a learned society and professional association founded in 1949 to represent the interests of German chemists in local, national and international contexts.

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Grand Duchy of Hesse

The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein) was a state in western Germany that existed from the German mediatization to the end of the German Empire.

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Henri Victor Regnault

Prof Henri Victor Regnault FRS HFRSE (21 July 1810 – 19 January 1878) was a French chemist and physicist best known for his careful measurements of the thermal properties of gases.

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Henriette Davidis

Johanna Friederika Henriette Katharina Davidis (March 1, 1801 in Wengern; – April 3, 1876 in Dortmund) arguably is Germany's most famous cookbook author.

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Henry Roscoe (chemist)

Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe (7 January 1833 – 18 December 1915) was a British chemist.

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Heppenheim

Heppenheim (Bergstraße) is the seat of Bergstraße district in Hesse, Germany, lying on the Bergstraße on the edge of the Odenwald.

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Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp

Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp (30 October 1817 – 20 February 1892), German chemist, was born at Hanau, where his father, Johann Heinrich Kopp (1777–1858), a physician, was professor of chemistry, physics and natural history at the local lyceum.

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Hermann von Fehling

Hermann von Fehling (9 June 1812 – 1 July 1885) was a German chemist, famous as the developer of Fehling's solution used for estimation of sugar.

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Hesse

Hesse or Hessia (Hessen, Hessian dialect: Hesse), officially the State of Hesse (German: Land Hessen) is a federal state (''Land'') of the Federal Republic of Germany, with just over six million inhabitants.

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History of soil science

The early concepts of soil were based on ideas developed by a German chemist, Justus von Liebig (1803–1873), and modified and refined by agricultural scientists who worked on samples of soil in laboratories, greenhouses, and on small field plots.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

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Humus

In soil science, humus (derived in 1790–1800 from the Latin humus for earth, ground) denominates the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular cake structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals." Humus significantly affects the bulk density of soil and contributes to its retention of moisture and nutrients.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Indenture

An indenture is a legal contract that reflects or covers a debt or purchase obligation.

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Isocyanic acid

Isocyanic acid is a chemical compound with the formula HNCO, discovered in 1830 by Liebig and Wöhler.

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Isomer

An isomer (from Greek ἰσομερής, isomerès; isos.

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Jacob Moleschott

Jacob Moleschott (9 August 1822 – 20 May 1893) was a Dutch physiologist and writer on dietetics.

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Jöns Jacob Berzelius

Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius (20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848), named by himself and contemporary society as Jacob Berzelius, was a Swedish chemist.

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Jean-Baptiste Boussingault

Jean-Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné Boussingault (1 February 1801 – 11 May 1887) was a French chemist who made significant contributions to agricultural science, petroleum science and metallurgy.

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Jean-Baptiste Dumas

Jean Baptiste André Dumas (14 July 180010 April 1884) was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) and molecular weights by measuring vapor densities.

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Johan Gadolin

Johan Gadolin (5 June 1760 – 15 August 1852) was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist.

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Johann Friedrich August Göttling

Johann Friedrich August Göttling (5 June 1753 – 1 September 1809) was a notable German chemist.

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John Bennet Lawes

Sir John Bennet Lawes, 1st Baronet, FRS (28 December 1814 – 31 August 1900) was an English entrepreneur and agricultural scientist.

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John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill, also known as J.S. Mill, (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873) was a British philosopher, political economist, and civil servant.

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Joseph Henry Gilbert

Sir Joseph Henry Gilbert, Fellow of the Royal Society (1 August 1817 – 23 December 1901) was an English chemist, noteworthy for his long career spent improving the methods of practical agriculture.

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Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (also Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac; 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a French chemist and physicist.

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Journal für praktische Chemie

The Journal für praktische Chemie, was a German-language scientific journal for chemistry.

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Journal of Chemical Education

The Journal of Chemical Education is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal available in both print and electronic versions.

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Julius Eugen Schlossberger

Julius Eugen Schlossberger (31 May 1819 in Stuttgart – 9 July 1860 in Tübingen), also spelled Julius Eugen Schloßberger, was a German physician and biochemist.

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Justin von Linde

Justin von Linde (7 August 1797, Brilon – 9 June 1870) was a German jurist and statesman from the Grand Duchy of Hesse.

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Justus von Liebig

Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and was considered the founder of organic chemistry.

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Kaliapparat

A kaliapparat is a laboratory device invented in 1831 by Justus von Liebig (1803–1873) for the analysis of carbon in organic compounds.

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Karl Heinrich Ritthausen

Karl Heinrich Ritthausen (13 January 1826 – 16 October 1912) was a German biochemist who identified two amino acids and made other contributions to the science of plant proteins.

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Karl Vogt

Karl Christoph Vogt (originally Carl; 5 July 1817 – 5 May 1895) was a German scientist, philosopher and politician who emigrated to Switzerland.

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Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner

Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (31 October 1783 – 13 July 1857) was a German chemist, natural scientist and a professor of physics and chemistry.

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Kingdom of Bavaria

The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern) was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

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Laboratory

A laboratory (informally, lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

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Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt

The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a younger branch of the House of Hesse.

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Legion of Honour

The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.

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Leipzig University

Leipzig University (Universität Leipzig), in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany.

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Liebig Medal

The Liebig-Denkmünze is an award originally given annually by the Verein Deutscher Chemiker beginning in 1903.

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Liebig's Extract of Meat Company

Liebig's Extract of Meat Company was the producer of LEMCO brand Liebig's Extract of Meat and the originator of Oxo meat extracts and Oxo beef stock cubes.

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Liebig's law of the minimum

Liebig's law of the minimum, often simply called Liebig's law or the law of the minimum, is a principle developed in agricultural science by Carl Sprengel (1828) and later popularized by Justus von Liebig.

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Liebigs Annalen

Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie (often cited as just Liebigs Annalen) was one of the oldest and historically most important journals in the field of organic chemistry worldwide.

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List of chemists

This is a list of chemists.

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Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse

Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753 in Prenzlau – 6 April 1830 in Darmstadt) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (as Louis X) and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.

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Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse

Louis II (26 December 1777 – 16 June 1848) was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 6 April 1830 until 5 March 1848 (He resigned in the German Revolution of 1848).

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Ludwig Büchner

Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner (29 March 1824 – 1 May 1899) was a German philosopher, physiologist and physician who became one of the exponents of 19th-century scientific materialism.

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Ludwig II of Bavaria

Ludwig II (Ludwig Otto Friedrich Wilhelm; Louis Otto Frederick William; 25 August 1845 – 13 June 1886) was King of Bavaria from 1864 until his death in 1886.

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Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich

Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (also referred to as LMU or the University of Munich, in German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) is a public research university located in Munich, Germany.

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Ludwig Order

The Ludwig Order (German:"Ludwigsorden"), was an order of the Grand Duchy of Hesse which was awarded to meritorious soldiers and civilians from 1807 to 1918.

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Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair

Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair (1 May 1818 – 29 May 1898) was a Scottish scientist and Liberal politician.

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Maria Parloa

Maria Parloa (September 25, 1843 – August 21, 1909) was an American author of books on cooking and housekeeping, the founder of two cooking schools, a noted lecturer on food topics, and an important early figure in the "domestic science" (later "home economics") movement.

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Marmite

Marmite is a British food spread currently produced by Unilever.

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Materialism

Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental aspects and consciousness, are results of material interactions.

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Max Joseph von Pettenkofer

Max Joseph Pettenkofer, ennobled in 1883 as Max Joseph von Pettenkofer (3 December 1818 – 10 February 1901) was a Bavarian chemist and hygienist.

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Max Rubner

He studied at the University of Munich and worked as an assistant under Adolf von Baeyer and Carl von Voit (doctorate 1878).

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Maximilian II of Bavaria

Maximilian II (28 November 1811 – 10 March 1864) reigned as King of Bavaria between 1848 and 1864.

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Meat extract

Meat extract is highly concentrated meat stock, usually made from beef.

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Mercury (element)

Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.

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Mineral (nutrient)

In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions necessary for life.

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Mirror

A mirror is an object that reflects light in such a way that, for incident light in some range of wavelengths, the reflected light preserves many or most of the detailed physical characteristics of the original light, called specular reflection.

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Moritz Traube

Moritz Traube (12 February 1826 in Ratibor, Province of Silesia, Prussia (now Racibórz, Poland) – 28 June 1894 in Berlin, German Empire) was a German chemist (physiological chemistry) and universal private scholar.

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Munich

Munich (München; Minga) is the capital and the most populated city in the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps.

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Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure

Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure (14 October 1767, in Geneva – 18 April 1845, in Geneva) was a Swiss chemist and student of plant physiology who made seminal advances in phytochemistry.

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Nikolay Zinin

Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin (Никола́й Никола́евич Зи́нин) (25 August 1812 in Shusha – 18 February 1880 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian organic chemist.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Nutrient

A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.

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Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.

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Oxo (food)

Oxo is a brand of food products, including stock cubes, herbs and spices, dried gravy, and yeast extract.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Pharmacist

Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use.

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Philipp Lorenz Geiger

Philipp Lorenz Geiger (29 August 1785 in Freinsheim – 19 January 1836 in Heidelberg) was a German pharmacist and chemist known for his work with plant alkaloids.

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Potassium hydroxide

Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash.

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Radical theory

Radical theory is an obsolete scientific theory in chemistry describing the structure of organic compounds.

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Reflecting telescope

A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is a telescope that uses a single or a combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image.

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Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated: KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Royal Society of Chemistry

The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) is a learned society (professional association) in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemical sciences".

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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden.

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Scott catalogue

The Scott Catalogue of postage stamps, published by Scott Publishing Co, a subsidiary of Amos Media, is updated annually and lists all the stamps of the entire world which its editors recognize as issued for postal purposes.

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Searing

Searing (or pan searing) is a technique used in grilling, baking, braising, roasting, sautéing, etc., in which the surface of the food (usually meat, poultry or fish) is cooked at high temperature until a caramelized crust forms.

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Sewage

Sewage (or domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced from a community of people.

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Silver cyanate

Silver cyanate is a chemical compound; it is the cyanate salt of silver.

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Silver fulminate

Silver fulminate (AgCNO) is the highly explosive silver salt of fulminic acid.

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Silver halide

A silver halide (or silver salt) is one of the chemical compounds that can form between the element silver and one of the halogens.

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Silvering

Silvering is the chemical process of coating glass with a reflective substance.

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Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 2nd Baronet

Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 2nd Baronet FRS (5 February 181724 November 1880) was an English chemist.

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Spontaneous human combustion

Spontaneous human combustion (SHC) is a term encompassing reported cases of the combustion of a living (or very recently deceased) human body without an apparent external source of ignition.

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Subsistence crisis

Subsistence crisis can be defined as an extreme situation where the basic means of livelihood are endangered.

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The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.

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Trademark

A trademark, trade mark, or trade-markThe styling of trademark as a single word is predominantly used in the United States and Philippines only, while the two-word styling trade mark is used in many other countries around the world, including the European Union and Commonwealth and ex-Commonwealth jurisdictions (although Canada officially uses "trade-mark" pursuant to the Trade-mark Act, "trade mark" and "trademark" are also commonly used).

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Trademark distinctiveness

Trademark distinctiveness is an important concept in the law governing trademarks and service marks.

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Ultramontanism

Ultramontanism is a clerical political conception within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the pope.

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University and State Library Düsseldorf

The University and State Library Düsseldorf (Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University.

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University of Bonn

The University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany.

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University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, FAU) is a public research university in the cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany.

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University of Giessen

Giessen University, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany.

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Urea

Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.

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Volcanic winter

A volcanic winter is a reduction in global temperatures caused by volcanic ash and droplets of sulfuric acid and water obscuring the Sun and raising Earth's albedo (increasing the reflection of solar radiation) after a large, particularly explosive volcanic eruption.

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Wilhelm Henneberg

Wilhelm Henneberg (10 September 1825 – 22 November 1890) was a German chemist and student of Justus von Liebig.

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Year Without a Summer

The year 1816 is known as the Year Without a Summer (also the Poverty Year and Eighteen Hundred and Froze To Death) because of severe climate abnormalities that caused average global temperatures to decrease by 0.4–0.7 °C (0.7–1.3 °F).

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Baron von Liebig, Justus Baron von Liebig, Justus Freiherr von Liebig, Justus Liebig, Justus Von Liebig, Justus Von, Baron Liebig, Justus von Leibig, Justus von Liebig, Baron Liebig, Justus, Baron von Liebig, Justus, Freiherr von Liebig, Liebig.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig

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