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551 relations: ABB, Academy Awards, Academy of Learning, Academy of Music in Kraków, Adam Mickiewicz Institute, Adam Mickiewicz Monument, Kraków, AGH University of Krakow, Agricultural University of Kraków, Akamai Technologies, Albrecht Dürer, Aliyah, Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474, Altarpiece, Altria, Amenity, American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, Amphitheatre, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski, Andrzej Wajda, Aon (company), Aptiv, Arata Isozaki, Archaeological Museum of Kraków, Archbishop of Kraków, Architecture, Architecture of Poland, Arctic, Association football, Association of Law Students' Library of the Jagiellonian University, AST National Academy of Theatre Arts in Kraków, Attic (architecture), Augustinians, Auschwitz concentration camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Austria-Hungary, Austro-Prussian War, Łagiewniki-Borek Fałęcki, Balthasar Behem Codex, Barbican, Baroque architecture, Battle of Racławice, Batu, East Java, Błonia, Belzec extermination camp, Berlin, Bicycle-sharing system, Bieńczyce, Kraków, Bieżanów-Prokocim, Bielany, Kraków, Bielany-Tyniec Landscape Park, ... Expand index (501 more) »
- Former capitals of Poland
- Free City of Kraków
- Magdeburg rights
- World Heritage Sites in Poland
ABB
ABB Ltd. is a Swedish–Swiss multinational corporation headquartered in Västerås, Sweden, and Zürich, Switzerland.
See Kraków and ABB
Academy Awards
The Academy Awards of Merit, commonly known as the Oscars or Academy Awards, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the film industry.
Academy of Learning
Academy of Learning (Akademia Umiejętności; AU) was a primary Polish scientific institution during the annexation of Poland established in 1871.
See Kraków and Academy of Learning
Academy of Music in Kraków
The Krzysztof Penderecki Academy of Music in Kraków (Akademia Muzyczna im.) is a conservatory located in central Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Academy of Music in Kraków
Adam Mickiewicz Institute
The Adam Mickiewicz Institute (Instytut Adama Mickiewicza) is a government-sponsored organization funded by Poland's Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, and headquartered at 25 Mokotowska Street (the Sugar Palace) in Warsaw.
See Kraków and Adam Mickiewicz Institute
Adam Mickiewicz Monument, Kraków
Adam Mickiewicz Monument in Kraków, (pomnik Adama Mickiewicza w Krakowie), is one of the best known bronze monuments in Poland, and a favourite meeting place at the Main Market Square in the Old Town (Stare Miasto) district of Kraków.
See Kraków and Adam Mickiewicz Monument, Kraków
AGH University of Krakow
AGH University of Krakow, (abbreviated as AGH University; formerly: AGH University of Science and Technology, in short AGH UST) is a public university in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and AGH University of Krakow
Agricultural University of Kraków
The Agricultural University of Kraków (Polish: Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie), located in Kraków, Poland, became a university by decree of the Council of Ministers as of 28 September 1972.
See Kraków and Agricultural University of Kraków
Akamai Technologies
Akamai Technologies, Inc. is an American delivery company that provides content delivery networkJ.
See Kraków and Akamai Technologies
Albrecht Dürer
Albrecht Dürer (21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528),Müller, Peter O. (1993) Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Dürers, Walter de Gruyter.
Aliyah
Aliyah (עֲלִיָּה ʿălīyyā) is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographical Land of Israel or the Palestine region, which is today chiefly represented by the State of Israel.
Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474
Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474 (Cracovian Almanac for the Year 1474) is a broadside astronomical wall calendar for the year 1474, and Poland's oldest known print.
See Kraków and Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474
Altarpiece
An altarpiece is an work of art in painting, sculpture or relief representing a religious subject made for placing at the back of or behind the altar of a Christian church.
Altria
Altria Group, Inc. (previously known as Philip Morris Companies, Inc.) is an American corporation and one of the world's largest producers and marketers of tobacco, cigarettes, and medical products in the treatment of illnesses caused by tobacco.
Amenity
In property and land use planning, amenity (lat. amoenitās “pleasantness, delightfulness”) is something considered to benefit a location, contribute to its enjoyment, and thereby increase its value.
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, also known as Joint or JDC, is a Jewish relief organization based in New York City.
See Kraków and American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre (British English) or amphitheater (American English; both) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports.
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski (Andreas Fricius Modrevius) (20 September 1503 – 1572) was a Polish Renaissance scholar, humanist and theologian, called "the father of Polish democracy".
See Kraków and Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski
Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Witold Wajda (6 March 1926 – 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director.
Aon (company)
Aon plc is a British-American professional services and management consulting firm that offers a range of risk-mitigation products.
Aptiv
Aptiv PLC is an Irish-American automotive technology supplier with headquarters in Dublin.
See Kraków and Aptiv
Arata Isozaki
Arata Isozaki (磯崎 新, Isozaki Arata; 23 July 1931 – 28 December 2022) was a Japanese architect, urban designer, and theorist from Ōita.
Archaeological Museum of Kraków
The Archaeological Museum of Kraków (Muzeum Archeologiczne w Krakowie) is a historic museum in Kraków, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland.
See Kraków and Archaeological Museum of Kraków
Archbishop of Kraków
The archbishop of Kraków is the head of the archdiocese of Kraków.
See Kraków and Archbishop of Kraków
Architecture
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction.
Architecture of Poland
The architecture of Poland includes modern and historical monuments of architectural and historical importance.
See Kraków and Architecture of Poland
Arctic
The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Kraków and Association football
Association of Law Students' Library of the Jagiellonian University
Association of Law Students’ Library of the Jagiellonian University (pol. Towarzystwo Biblioteki Słuchaczów Prawa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego – TBSP UJ) is the oldest and one of the biggest student scientific associations in Poland.
See Kraków and Association of Law Students' Library of the Jagiellonian University
AST National Academy of Theatre Arts in Kraków
AST National Academy of Theatre Arts (Polish: Akademia Sztuk Teatralnych w Krakowie, often shortened to AST), is a drama school based in Kraków and Wrocław, Poland.
See Kraków and AST National Academy of Theatre Arts in Kraków
Attic (architecture)
In classical architecture, the term attic refers to a storey (or low wall) above the cornice of a classical façade.
See Kraków and Attic (architecture)
Augustinians
Augustinians are members of several religious orders that follow the Rule of Saint Augustine, written in about 400 AD by Augustine of Hippo.
Auschwitz concentration camp
Auschwitz concentration camp (also KL Auschwitz or KZ Auschwitz) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. Kraków and Auschwitz concentration camp are world Heritage Sites in Poland.
See Kraków and Auschwitz concentration camp
Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
The Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau) is a museum on the site of the Nazi German Auschwitz concentration camp in Oświęcim, Poland. Kraków and Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum are world Heritage Sites in Poland.
See Kraków and Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.
See Kraków and Austria-Hungary
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War, also by many variant names such as Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as Deutscher Krieg ("German War"), Deutscher Bruderkrieg ("German war of brothers") and by a variety of other names, was fought in 1866 between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, with each also being aided by various allies within the German Confederation.
See Kraków and Austro-Prussian War
Łagiewniki-Borek Fałęcki
Łagiewniki-Borek Fałęcki is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the southern part of the city.
See Kraków and Łagiewniki-Borek Fałęcki
Balthasar Behem Codex
The Balthasar Behem Codex, also known as Codex Picturatus, is a collection of the charters, privileges and statutes of the burghers of the city of Kraków.
See Kraków and Balthasar Behem Codex
Barbican
A barbican (from barbacane) is a fortified outpost or fortified gateway, such as at an outer defense perimeter of a city or castle, or any tower situated over a gate or bridge which was used for defensive purposes.
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe.
See Kraków and Baroque architecture
Battle of Racławice
The Battle of Racławice was one of the first battles of the Polish-Lithuanian Kościuszko Uprising against Russia.
See Kraków and Battle of Racławice
Batu, East Java
Batu, officially the City of Batu (Kota Batu, ꦏꦸꦛꦧꦠꦸ), is a city in the East Java Province of Indonesia.
See Kraków and Batu, East Java
Błonia
Błonia Park is a vast meadow with an area of 48 hectares directly adjacent to the historic centre of the city of Kraków, Poland.
Belzec extermination camp
Belzec (English: or, Polish) was a Nazi German extermination camp in occupied Poland.
See Kraków and Belzec extermination camp
Berlin
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population. Kraków and Berlin are members of the Hanseatic League.
Bicycle-sharing system
A bicycle-sharing system, bike share program, public bicycle scheme, or public bike share (PBS) scheme, is a shared transport service where bicycles are available for shared use by individuals at low cost.
See Kraków and Bicycle-sharing system
Bieńczyce, Kraków
Bieńczyce is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the northern part of the city.
See Kraków and Bieńczyce, Kraków
Bieżanów-Prokocim
Bieżanów-Prokocim is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the southeast part of the city.
See Kraków and Bieżanów-Prokocim
Bielany, Kraków
Bielany, originally a village near Kraków (Poland), since 1941 one of its neighbourhoods, located some west of the city centre.
See Kraków and Bielany, Kraków
Bielany-Tyniec Landscape Park
Bielany-Tyniec Landscape Park (Bielańsko-Tyniecki Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in southern Poland, established in 1981, covering an area of.
See Kraków and Bielany-Tyniec Landscape Park
Bohdan Urbankowski
Bohdan Urbankowski (19 May 1943 – 15 June 2023) was a Polish writer, poet, and philosopher.
See Kraków and Bohdan Urbankowski
Bolesław V the Chaste
Bolesław V the Chaste (Bolesław Wstydliwy; 21 June 1226 – 7 December 1279) was Duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland from 1232 and High Duke of Poland from 1243 until his death, as the last male representative of the Lesser Polish branch of Piasts.
See Kraków and Bolesław V the Chaste
Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
Boleslaus I (Boleslav I. Ukrutný; 915–972), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was ruler (kníže, "prince") of the Duchy of Bohemia from 935 until his death in 972.
See Kraków and Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
Bond credit rating
In investment, the bond credit rating represents the credit worthiness of corporate or government bonds.
See Kraków and Bond credit rating
Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Bordèu; Bordele) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, southwestern France.
Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University
The Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University is a botanical garden, founded in 1783 in Kraków.
See Kraków and Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University
Bratislava
Bratislava (German: Pressburg or Preßburg,; Hungarian: Pozsony; Slovak: Prešporok), is the capital and largest city of Slovakia and the fourth largest of all cities on Danube river.
Brick Gothic
Brick Gothic (Backsteingotik, Gotyk ceglany, Baksteengotiek) is a specific style of Gothic architecture common in Northeast and Central Europe especially in the regions in and around the Baltic Sea, which do not have resources of standing rock (though glacial boulders are sometimes available).
Bronocice pot
The Bronocice pot (Polish: Waza z Bronocic) is a ceramic vase incised with one of the earliest known depictions of a wheeled vehicle.
Bronowice, Kraków
Bronowice is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the western part of the city.
See Kraków and Bronowice, Kraków
Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
Budapest
Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.
Budget
A budget is a calculation plan, usually but not always financial, for a defined period, often one year or a month.
Bugle call
A bugle call is a short tune, originating as a military signal announcing scheduled and certain non-scheduled events on a military installation, battlefield, or ship.
Bulletin of Public Information
The Bulletin of Public Information (Polish: Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej BIP) is a Polish system of unified public records online, consisting of an array of standardized pages created with the general public in mind.
See Kraków and Bulletin of Public Information
Cadre (military)
A cadre is the complement of commissioned officers and non-commissioned officers of a military unit responsible for training the rest of the unit.
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Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.
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Capella Cracoviensis
Capella Cracoviensis is a period instrument ensemble and a chamber choir based in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Capella Cracoviensis
Capgemini
Capgemini SE is a French multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting company, headquartered in Paris, France.
Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe.
See Kraków and Carpathian Mountains
Casimir III the Great
Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.
See Kraków and Casimir III the Great
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV (Casimir Andrew Jagiellon; Kazimierz Andrzej Jagiellończyk; Lithuanian:; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447 until his death in 1492.
See Kraków and Casimir IV Jagiellon
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Kraków and Catholic Church
Catholic Encyclopedia
The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States designed to serve the Catholic Church.
See Kraków and Catholic Encyclopedia
Córdoba, Spain
Córdoba, or sometimes Cordova, is a city in Andalusia, Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba.
Central Europe
Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.
Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00), sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year.
See Kraków and Central European Summer Time
Central European Time
Central European Time (CET) is a standard time of Central, and parts of Western Europe, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
See Kraków and Central European Time
Charles University
Charles University (CUNI; Univerzita Karlova, UK; Universitas Carolina; Karls-Universität), or historically as the University of Prague (Universitas Pragensis), is the largest and best-ranked university in the Czech Republic. It is one of the oldest universities in the world in continuous operation, the first university north of the Alps and east of Paris.
See Kraków and Charles University
Chrzanów
Chrzanów is a town in southern Poland with 35,651 inhabitants as of December 2021. Kraków and Chrzanów are cities and towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, free City of Kraków, Holocaust locations in Poland, kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795) and Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939).
Church bell
A church bell is a bell in a church building designed to be heard outside the building.
Cinema of Poland
The history of cinema in Poland is almost as long as the history of cinematography, and it has universally recognized achievements, even though Polish films tend to be less commercially available than films from several other European nations.
See Kraków and Cinema of Poland
Cisco
Cisco Systems, Inc. (using the trademark Cisco) is an American multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California.
See Kraków and Cisco
City of Literature
UNESCO's City of Literature programme is part of the wider Creative Cities Network.
See Kraków and City of Literature
Civic Coalition (Poland)
The Civic Coalition (Koalicja Obywatelska, KO) is a catch-all political alliance currently ruling in Poland.
See Kraków and Civic Coalition (Poland)
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
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CNN International
Cable News Network International or CNN International (CNNi, simply branded on-air as CNN) is an international television channel and website, owned by CNN Worldwide.
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Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments).
College and university rankings
College and university rankings order higher education institutions based on various criteria, with factors differing depending on the specific ranking system.
See Kraków and College and university rankings
Collegium Novum
The Collegium Novum (Latin: "New College") is the Neo-Gothic main building of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, originally built between the year 1363 and 1365 and after its destruction, rebuilt in between 1873-1887.
See Kraków and Collegium Novum
Collins English Dictionary
The Collins English Dictionary is a printed and online dictionary of English.
See Kraków and Collins English Dictionary
ColosseoEAS
ColosseoEAS is an international company based in Bratislava, Slovakia that specializes in LED design, multimedia and statistics for sport venues.
Comarch
Comarch is a Polish multinational software house and systems integrator based in Kraków, Poland.
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.
See Kraków and Congress of Vienna
Continental Europe
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands.
See Kraków and Continental Europe
Coordination of Information on the Environment
Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) is a European programme initiated in 1985 by the European Commission, aimed at gathering information relating to the environment on certain priority topics for the European Union (air, water, soil, land cover, coastal erosion, biotopes, etc.). Since 1994, the European Environment Agency (EEA) integrated CORINE in its work programme.
See Kraków and Coordination of Information on the Environment
Cornell University Press
The Cornell University Press is the university press of Cornell University; currently housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage.
See Kraków and Cornell University Press
Court painter
A court painter was an artist who painted for the members of a royal or princely family, sometimes on a fixed salary and on an exclusive basis where the artist was not supposed to undertake other work.
Cracovia (ice hockey)
Cracovia, commonly erroneously referred to as Cracovia Kraków and currently playing as Comarch Cracovia for sponsorship reasons, is a professional ice hockey team based in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Cracovia (ice hockey)
Cracovia Marathon
The Cracovia Marathon (Polish: Cracovia Maraton) is an annual marathon which has taken place every year in Kraków, Poland since its inception in 2002.
See Kraków and Cracovia Marathon
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Corona Regni Poloniae) was a political and legal idea formed in the 14th century, assuming unity, indivisibility and continuity of the state.
See Kraków and Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
Curitiba
Curitiba is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná in Southern Brazil.
Cusco
Cusco or Cuzco (Qusqu or Qosqo) is a city in southeastern Peru near the Sacred Valley of the Andes mountain range and the Huatanay river.
See Kraków and Cusco
Czartoryski Museum
The Princes Czartoryski Museum (Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich) – often abbreviated to Czartoryski Museum – is a historic museum in Kraków, Poland, and one of the country's oldest museums.
See Kraków and Czartoryski Museum
Częstochowa
Częstochowa is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 214,342 inhabitants, making it the thirteenth-largest city in Poland. Kraków and Częstochowa are city counties of Poland, Holocaust locations in Poland and Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795).
Czech language
Czech (čeština), historically also known as Bohemian (lingua Bohemica), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script.
Czesław Miłosz
Czesław Miłosz (30 June 1911 – 14 August 2004) was a Polish-American poet, prose writer, translator, and diplomat.
Czyżyny
Czyżyny is a neighbourhood and one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the east-central part of the city.
Dachau concentration camp
Dachau was one of the first concentration camps built by Nazi Germany and the longest running one, opening on 22 March 1933.
See Kraków and Dachau concentration camp
Dębniki, Kraków
Dębniki is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the southwest part of the city.
See Kraków and Dębniki, Kraków
Dłubnia Landscape Park
Dłubnia Landscape Park (Dłubniański Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in southern Poland.
See Kraków and Dłubnia Landscape Park
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (English translation: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) of the Polish Renaissance.
See Kraków and De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
Deluge (history)
The Deluge (potop szwedzki; švedų tvanas) was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
See Kraków and Deluge (history)
Districts of Kraków
The city of Kraków is divided into 18 administrative districts, each with a degree of autonomy within the municipal government.
See Kraków and Districts of Kraków
Doctor of Science
A Doctor of Science (Scientiae Doctor; most commonly abbreviated DSc or ScD) is a science doctorate awarded in a number of countries throughout the world.
See Kraków and Doctor of Science
Dragon
A dragon is a magical legendary creature that appears in the folklore of multiple cultures worldwide.
Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie; Duché de Varsovie; Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars.
See Kraków and Duchy of Warsaw
Dutch language
Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.
Dzielnica
In the Polish system of local administration, a dzielnica (Polish plural dzielnice) is an administrative subdivision or quarter of a city or town.
Dziennik Polski
Dziennik Polski is a Polish newspaper.
See Kraków and Dziennik Polski
Early music
Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600), but can also include Baroque music (1600–1750).
Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
Edinburgh
Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas.
Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum
The Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum, also known as the Czapski Museum is a branch of the National Museum of Kraków, 12 Pilsudski Street, Kraków.
See Kraków and Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum
Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945 is a seven-part encyclopedia series that explores the history of the concentration camps, ghettos, forced-labor camps, and other sites of detention, persecution, or state-sponsored murder run by Nazi Germany and other Axis powers in Europe and Africa.
See Kraków and Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
Eric P. Kelly
Eric Philbrook Kelly (March 16, 1884 – January 3, 1960) was an American journalist, academic and author of children's books.
Etiuda&Anima International Film Festival
The International Film Festival Etiuda&Anima (Międzynarodowy Festiwal Filmowy Etiuda&Anima), is the leading animation film festival in Poland organized in Kraków continuously since 1994, and catering to independent producers, animation films professionals, and students of film and art schools from all over the world.
See Kraków and Etiuda&Anima International Film Festival
European Capital of Culture
A European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union (EU) for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan-European dimension.
See Kraków and European Capital of Culture
European Institute of Innovation and Technology
The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) is an independent body of the European Union with juridical personality, established in 2008 intended to strengthen Europe's ability to innovate.
See Kraków and European Institute of Innovation and Technology
European studies
European studies is a field of study offered by many academic colleges and universities that focuses on the History of Western civilization and the evolution of Western culture, as well as on current developments in European integration.
See Kraków and European studies
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
EUROPEUM – European Culture Centre
The EUROPEUM – European Culture Centre is a division of the Kraków National Museum housing a permanent exhibition of European art.
See Kraków and EUROPEUM – European Culture Centre
Extermination camp
Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (Vernichtungslager), also called death camps (Todeslager), or killing centers (Tötungszentren), in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocaust.
See Kraków and Extermination camp
Extermination through labour
Extermination through labour (or "extermination through work", Vernichtung durch Arbeit) is a term that was adopted to describe forced labor in Nazi concentration camps whose inmates were held in inhumane conditions and suffered a high mortality rate; in some camps most prisoners died within a few months of incarceration.
See Kraków and Extermination through labour
Fez, Morocco
Fez or Fes (fās) is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fès-Meknès administrative region.
Fin de siècle
Fin de siècle is a French term meaning "end of century", a phrase which typically encompasses both the meaning of the similar English idiom "turn of the century" and also makes reference to the closing of one era and onset of another.
Fine art
In European academic traditions, fine art is made primarily for aesthetics or creative expression, distinguishing it from decorative art or applied art, which also has to serve some practical function, such as pottery or most metalwork.
First Cadre Company
The First Cadre Company (Pierwsza Kompania Kadrowa) was a Polish military formation created in the Austro-Hungarian Army at the outbreak of World War I. The company was founded by Józef Piłsudski on 3 August 1914 in Kraków.
See Kraków and First Cadre Company
First Mongol invasion of Poland
The Mongol Invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the Battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces from fragmented Poland and their allies, led by Henry II the Pious, the Duke of Silesia.
See Kraków and First Mongol invasion of Poland
Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Vlamingen) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch.
Florence
Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.
Floriańska Street
Floriańska Street or St.
See Kraków and Floriańska Street
Foehn wind
A Foehn, or Föhn, is a type of dry, relatively warm downslope wind that occurs in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range.
Football team
A football team is a group of players selected to play together in the various team sports known as football.
Forced labour under German rule during World War II
The use of slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany (Zwangsarbeit) and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale.
See Kraków and Forced labour under German rule during World War II
Franciszek Mączyński
Franciszek Mączyński (21 September 1874 in Wadowice – 28 June 1947 in Kraków) was a Polish Art Nouveau architect.
See Kraków and Franciszek Mączyński
Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main ("Frank ford on the Main") is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Kraków and Frankfurt are historic Jewish communities.
Free City of Cracow
The Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory, more commonly known as the Free City of Cracow, and the Republic of Cracow, was a city republic created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which included the Polish city of Cracow and its surrounding areas. Kraków and Free City of Cracow are free City of Kraków.
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Free-trade zone
A free-trade zone (FTZ) is a class of special economic zone.
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Futsal
Futsal is a football-based game played on a hardcourt like a basketball court, smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors.
Galeria Krakowska
Galeria Krakowska is a shopping mall in Kraków, Poland, located adjacent to the city's main railway station.
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Garbarnia Kraków
Garbarnia Kraków is a Polish football and sports club from Ludwinów, a historical district of the city of Kraków.
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Gazeta Krakowska
The (full title) is the largest regional daily newspaper in Kraków, Poland, published five times a week in that city.
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Gazeta Wyborcza
(The Electoral Gazette in English) is a Polish nationwide daily newspaper based in Warsaw, Poland.
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Gdynia
Gdynia (Gdiniô; Gdingen, Gotenhafen) is a city in northern Poland and a seaport on the Baltic Sea coast. Kraków and Gdynia are city counties of Poland.
General Electric
General Electric Company (GE) was an American multinational conglomerate founded in 1892, incorporated in the state of New York and headquartered in Boston.
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General Government
The General Government (Generalgouvernement; Generalne Gubernatorstwo; Генеральна губернія), formally the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete), was a German zone of occupation established after the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, Slovakia and the Soviet Union in 1939 at the onset of World War II.
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General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland
The General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland (translit, Ogólno-Żydowski Związek Robotniczy "Bund" w Polsce) was a Jewish socialist party in Poland which promoted the political, cultural and social autonomy of Jewish workers, sought to combat antisemitism and was generally opposed to Zionism.
See Kraków and General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland
Geographic information system
A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data.
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Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek:,, 'earth';,, 'form'; and,, 'study') is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface.
German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.
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Ghetto
A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group are concentrated, especially as a result of political, social, legal, religious, environmental or economic pressure.
Global city
A global city, also known as a power city, world city, alpha city, or world center, is a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network. The concept originates from geography and urban studies, based on the thesis that globalization has created a hierarchy of strategic geographic locations with varying degrees of influence over finance, trade, and culture worldwide.
Globalization and World Cities Research Network
The Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) is a think tank that studies the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization.
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Golden age (metaphor)
A golden age is a period considered the peak in the history of a country or people, a time period when the greatest achievements were made.
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Google LLC is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence (AI).
Gothenburg
Gothenburg (abbreviated Gbg; Göteborg) is the capital of Västra Götaland County in Sweden.
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas.
See Kraków and Gothic architecture
Grand Duchy of Kraków
The Grand Duchy of Kraków (Großherzogtum Krakau; Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie) was created after the incorporation of the Free City of Cracow into Austria on November 16, 1846.
See Kraków and Grand Duchy of Kraków
Graphic arts
A category of fine art, graphic art covers a broad range of visual artistic expression, typically two-dimensional, i.e. produced on a flat surface.
Green belt
A green belt is a policy, and land-use zone designation used in land-use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighboring urban areas.
Growing season
A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and the amount of daylight.
Grzegórzki, Kraków
Grzegórzki is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the central part of the city.
See Kraków and Grzegórzki, Kraków
Guadalajara
Guadalajara is a city in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco.
Guild
A guild is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory.
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Gutenberg-Jahrbuch
The Gutenberg-Jahrbuch is an annual periodical publication covering the history of printing and the book.
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Habilitation
Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy and some other European and non-English-speaking countries.
Habsburg monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg.
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Halny
Halny is a foehn wind that blows in southern Poland and in Slovakia in the Tatra Mountains of the Carpathians.
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Hamburg
Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. Kraków and Hamburg are members of the Hanseatic League.
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is a human settlement that is smaller than a town or village.
Hans Dürer
Hans Dürer (born 21 February 1490 in Nuremberg – in Kraków), was a German Renaissance painter, illustrator, and engraver.
Hans Frank
Hans Michael Frank (23 May 1900 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician, war criminal, and lawyer who served as head of the General Government in German-occupied Poland during the Second World War.
Hans von Kulmbach
Hans Suess, known as Hans von Kulmbach (1480 in Kulmbach, Franconia – prior to 3 December 1522 in Nuremberg), was a German artist active in Poland.
See Kraków and Hans von Kulmbach
Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe.
See Kraków and Hanseatic League
HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.
Hasidic Judaism
Hasidism or Hasidic Judaism is a religious movement within Judaism that arose in the 18th century as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine before spreading rapidly throughout Eastern Europe.
See Kraków and Hasidic Judaism
Head of government
In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
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Height above mean sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level.
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Helena Modrzejewska National Old Theatre
The Helena Modrzejewska National Old Theatre in Kraków (Narodowy Stary Teatr im.) is one of the oldest public stages in Poland and a national institution of culture, first opened in 1781.
See Kraków and Helena Modrzejewska National Old Theatre
Henry III of France
Henry III (19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589) was King of France from 1574 until his assassination in 1589, as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1573 to 1575.
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Henryk Jordan
Henryk Jordan (23 July 1842 in Przemyśl – 16 May 1907 in Kraków) was a Polish philanthropist, physician and pioneer of physical education.
Henryk Jordan Park, Kraków
Jordan Park (Park Jordana, literally Jordan's Park; or Park Jordanowski) was established in 1889 as the first public playground in Kraków, Poland, and the first of its kind in Europe.
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History of Poland (1945–1989)
The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Marxist–Leninist regime in Poland after the end of World War II.
See Kraków and History of Poland (1945–1989)
History of the Jews in Poland
The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years.
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Hitachi
() is a Japanese multinational conglomerate founded in 1910 and headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo.
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.
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Holy War (Kraków)
The Holy War (Święta Wojna, also Derby Krakowa) is a rivalry in Polish football between Wisła Kraków and KS Cracovia, the two biggest clubs in Kraków and reportedly the oldest in Poland, both founded in 1906.
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Home Army
The Home Army (Armia Krajowa,; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II.
House of Vasa
The House of Vasa or Wasa (Vasaätten, Wazowie, Vazos) was an early modern royal house founded in 1523 in Sweden.
HSBC
HSBC Holdings plc (滙豐; acronym from its founding member The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation) is a British universal bank and financial services group headquartered in London, England, with historical and business links to East Asia and a multinational footprint.
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Humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) and snowy winters.
See Kraków and Humid continental climate
Hutnik Kraków
Hutnik Kraków (Polish pronunciation) is a Polish football club based in Kraków, Poland.
Hydrocycle
A hydrocycle is a bicycle-like watercraft.
IATA airport code
An IATA airport code, also known as an IATA location identifier, IATA station code, or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter geocode designating many airports and metropolitan areas around the world, defined by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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IBM
International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York and present in over 175 countries.
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Ibrahim ibn Yaqub
Ibrahim ibn Yaqub (إبراهيمبن يعقوب Ibrâhîm ibn Ya'qûb al-Ṭarṭûshi or al-Ṭurṭûshî; אברהם בן יעקב, Avraham ben Yaʿakov; 961–62) was a 10th-century Hispano-Arabic, Sephardi Jewish traveler, probably a merchant, who may have also engaged in diplomacy and espionage.
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Ice hockey
Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport.
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army or Russian Imperial Army (Rússkaya imperátorskaya ármiya) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Innsbruck
Innsbruck (Austro-Bavarian) is the capital of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) professional association for electronics engineering, electrical engineering, and other related disciplines.
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Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university, polytechnic school, or just polytechnic) is an institution of tertiary education (such as a university or college) that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
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International airport
An international airport is an airport with customs and border control facilities enabling passengers to travel between countries around the world.
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International Chopin Piano Competition
The International Chopin Piano Competition (Międzynarodowy Konkurs Pianistyczny im.), often referred to as the Chopin Competition, is a piano competition held in Warsaw, Poland.
See Kraków and International Chopin Piano Competition
Invasion of Poland
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II.
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Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.
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Ivan Konev
Ivan Stepanovich Konev (p; 28 December 1897 – 21 May 1973) was a Soviet general and Marshal of the Soviet Union who led Red Army forces on the Eastern Front during World War II, responsible for taking much of Axis-occupied Eastern Europe.
Ivo Andrić
Ivo Andrić (Иво Андрић,; born Ivan Andrić; 9 October 1892 – 13 March 1975) was a Yugoslav novelist, poet and short story writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961.
J. Paul Getty
Jean Paul Getty Sr. (December 15, 1892 – June 6, 1976) was an American-born British petroleum industrialist who founded the Getty Oil Company in 1942 and was the patriarch of the Getty family.
Jacek Majchrowski
Jacek Maria Majchrowski (born 13 January 1947) is a Polish politician, lawyer, historian, and professor at the Jagiellonian University, who served as the Mayor of Kraków between 2002 and 2024.
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Jagiellonian dynasty
The Jagiellonian or Jagellonian dynasty (Jogailaičių dinastija; dynastia jagiellońska), otherwise the Jagiellon dynasty (dynastia Jagiellonów), the House of Jagiellon (Dom Jagiellonów), or simply the Jagiellons (Jogailaičiai; Jagiellonowie), was the name assumed by a cadet branch of the Lithuanian ducal dynasty of Gediminids upon reception by Jogaila, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, of baptism as Władysław in 1386, which paved the way to his ensuing marriage to the Queen Regnant Jadwiga of Poland, resulting in his ascension to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło (initially ruling jure uxoris jointly with Jadwiga until her death), and the effective promotion of his branch to a royal dynasty.
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Jagiellonian Library
Jagiellonian Library (Biblioteka Jagiellońska, popular nickname Jagiellonka) is the library of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and with almost 6.7 million volumes, one of the largest libraries in Poland, serving as a public library, university library and part of the Polish national library system.
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Jagiellonian University
The Jagiellonian University (UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland.
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Jan Długosz
Jan Długosz (1 December 1415 – 19 May 1480), also known in Latin as Johannes Longinus, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków.
Jan Kochanowski
Jan Kochanowski (1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who wrote in Latin and Polish and established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language.
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Jan Matejko
Jan Alojzy Matejko (also known as Jan Mateyko; 24 June 1838 – 1 November 1893) was a Polish painter, a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history.
Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts
The Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków (Akademia Sztuk Pięknych im., usually abbreviated to ASP), is a public institution of higher education located in the centre of Kraków, Poland.
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Jan Matejko Manor House
Dworek Jana Matejki w Krzesławicach is a museum in Kraków, Poland.
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Jasná
Jasná is a small village situated in central Slovakia, in the Low Tatras mountains.
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Józef Mehoffer
Józef Mehoffer (19 March 1869 – 8 July 1946) was a Polish painter and decorative artist, one of the leading artists of the Young Poland movement and one of the most revered Polish artists of his time.
Józef Piłsudski
Józef Klemens Piłsudski (5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State (1918–1922) and first Marshal of Poland (from 1920).
See Kraków and Józef Piłsudski
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a nontrinitarian, millenarian, restorationist Christian denomination.
See Kraków and Jehovah's Witnesses
Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków
The Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków (Festiwal Kultury Żydowskiej w Krakowie, ייִדישער קולטור־פֿעסטיוואַל אין קראָקע) is an annual cultural event organized since 1988 in the once Jewish district of Kazimierz (part of Kraków) by the Jewish Culture Festival Society headed by Janusz Makuch, a self-described meshugeneh ("crazy person"), fascinated with all things Jewish.
See Kraków and Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków
Johann Haller
Johann Haller or Jan Haller (1463–1525) is considered one of the first commercial printers in Poland.
John Cantius
John Cantius (Joannes Cantius; Jan z Kęt or Jan Kanty; 23 June 1390 – 24 December 1473) was a Polish Catholic priest, scholastic philosopher, physicist and theologian.
John III Sobieski
John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski; Jonas III Sobieskis; Ioannes III Sobiscius 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696.
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Judenrat
A Judenrat was an administrative body established in German-occupied Europe during World War II which purported to represent a Jewish community in dealings with the Nazi authorities.
Juliusz Słowacki Theatre
Juliusz Słowacki Theatre (Teatr im.) is a 19th-century Eclectic theatre-opera house in the heart of Kraków, Poland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
See Kraków and Juliusz Słowacki Theatre
Juvenia Kraków
Juvenia Kraków is a Polish rugby union club based in Kraków, Poland.
K1 (building)
K1 (before Cracovia Business Center), also Błękitek, is a commercial building in Kraków, Poland, at Aleja Pokoju 1, near the Grzegórzeckie Roundabout.
Kasper Straube
Kasper Straube (also Kaspar or Caspar, also known as The Printer of the Turrecrematas) was a German 15th-century printer from Bavaria.
Katowice
Katowice is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Katowice urban area. As of 2021, Katowice has an official population of 286,960, and a resident population estimate of around 315,000. Katowice is a central part of the Metropolis GZM, with a population of 2.3 million, and a part of a larger Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area that extends into the Czech Republic and has a population of around 5 million people, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the European Union. Kraków and Katowice are city counties of Poland.
Katowice Airport
Katowice Wojciech Korfanty Airport (Katowice Airport im.) is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland.
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Kazimierz
Kazimierz (Casimiria; Kuzimyr) is a historical district of Kraków and Kraków Old Town, Poland.
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.
See Kraków and Köppen climate classification
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also known as Austrian Galicia or colloquially Austrian Poland, was a constituent possession of the Habsburg monarchy in the historical region of Galicia in Eastern Europe.
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Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.
See Kraków and Kingdom of Prussia
Kleparz
Kleparz is a neighbourhood in Kraków, Poland, situated directly to the north of the Old Town, marking the beginning of the Royal Road.
Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland-Lithuania and the Prussian partition in 1794.
See Kraków and Kościuszko Uprising
Kraków Barbican
The Kraków Barbican (Barbakan Krakowski) is a barbican – a fortified outpost once connected to the city walls.
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Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics
Kraków 2022 was a bid by the Polish Olympic Committee to hold the 2022 Winter Olympics in Kraków.
See Kraków and Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics
Kraków City Council
The Kraków City Council is the governing body of Kraków.
See Kraków and Kraków City Council
Kraków Cloth Hall
The Kraków Cloth Hall (Sukiennice), in Lesser Poland, dates to the Renaissance and is one of the city's most recognizable icons.
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Kraków District
Kraków District (Distrikt Krakau, Dystrykt krakowski) was one of the original four administrative districts set up by Nazi Germany after the German occupation of Poland during the years of 1939–1945. Kraków and Kraków District are Holocaust locations in Poland.
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Kraków Fast Tram
Kraków Fast Tram (Krakowski Szybki Tramwaj) is a light rail network being developed in Kraków alongside the existing tramway.
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Kraków Film Festival
The Kraków Film Festival (Krakowski Festiwal Filmowy) is one of Europe's oldest events dedicated to documentary, animation and other short film forms.
See Kraków and Kraków Film Festival
Kraków Główny railway station
Kraków Główny, in English Kraków Main, is the largest and the most centrally located railway station in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Kraków Główny railway station
Kraków Ghetto
The Kraków Ghetto was one of five major metropolitan Nazi ghettos created by Germany in the new General Government territory during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.
Kraków John Paul II International Airport
Kraków John Paul II International Airport (Kraków Airport im. since 4 September 2007; earlier in Międzynarodowy Port Lotniczy im.) is an international airport located near Kraków, in the village of Balice, west of the city centre, in southern Poland.
See Kraków and Kraków John Paul II International Airport
Kraków metropolitan area
Kraków Metropolitan Area (pl. Metropolia Krakowska) is a peculiar functional region including a big city - Kraków and neighbouring complex of settling units, connected with the metropolis by different interactive relations.
See Kraków and Kraków metropolitan area
Kraków Old Town
Kraków Old Town is the historic central district of Kraków, Poland. Kraków and Kraków Old Town are world Heritage Sites in Poland.
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Kraków Park
Park Krakowski is a city park located in Kraków, in southern Poland.
Kraków Philharmonic
The Kraków Philharmonic (Filharmonia Krakowska) is the primary concert hall in Kraków, Poland.
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Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra
The Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra or the Symphony Orchestra of the Karol Szymanowski Philharmonic (Orkiestra Symfoniczna Filharmonii im.) is a professional symphony orchestra based in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra
Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts
The Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts (Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Sztuk Pięknych w Krakowie, TPSP) is a social group of artists, artisans and their supporters founded in Kraków in 1854, under the Austrian Partition of Poland.
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Kraków Town Hall
The historic Town Hall of Kraków, known as Ratusz in Polish, was demolished in 1820.
See Kraków and Kraków Town Hall
Kraków University of Economics
Krakow University of Economics (Polish: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, UEK) is one of the five Polish public economics universities.
See Kraków and Kraków University of Economics
Kraków uprising
The Kraków uprising (Polish: powstanie krakowskie, rewolucja krakowska; German: Krakauer Aufstand; Russian: краковское восстание) of 1846 was an attempt, led by Polish insurgents such as Jan Tyssowski and Edward Dembowski, to incite a fight for national independence. Kraków and Kraków uprising are free City of Kraków.
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Kraków Valleys Landscape Park
Kraków Valleys Landscape Park (Park Krajobrazowy Dolinki Krakowskie) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in southern Poland, covering an area of.
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Kraków Zoo
The Kraków Zoo (Polish: Ogród Zoologiczny w Krakowie) is located in Kraków, Poland and was established in 1929.
Kraków-Częstochowa Upland
The Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, also known as the Polish Jurassic Highland or Polish Jura (Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska), is part of the Jurassic System of south–central Poland, stretching between the cities of Kraków, Częstochowa and Wieluń.
See Kraków and Kraków-Częstochowa Upland
Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp
Płaszów or Kraków-Płaszów was a Nazi concentration camp operated by the SS in Płaszów, a southern suburb of Kraków, in the General Governorate of German-occupied Poland.
See Kraków and Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp
Krakus
Krakus, Krak or Grakch was a legendary Polish prince, ruler of the Vistulans (a Lechitic tribe), and the presumed founder of Kraków.
Krowodrza
Krowodrza is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the western part of the city.
Krzysztof Penderecki
Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki (23 November 1933 – 29 March 2020) was a Polish composer and conductor.
See Kraków and Krzysztof Penderecki
KS Cracovia
Cracovia is a Polish professional football club based in Kraków.
Kyiv
Kyiv (also Kiev) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. Kraków and Kyiv are magdeburg rights.
See Kraków and Kyiv
La Serena, Chile
La Serena is a city and commune in northern Chile, capital of the Coquimbo Region.
See Kraków and La Serena, Chile
Landed nobility
Landed nobility or landed aristocracy is a category of nobility in the history of various countries, for which landownership was part of their noble privileges.
See Kraków and Landed nobility
Lanham, Maryland
Lanham is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland.
See Kraków and Lanham, Maryland
Large panel system building
The large panel system building is a building constructed of large, prefabricated concrete slabs.
See Kraków and Large panel system building
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Kraków and Latin
Latter Day Saint movement
The Latter Day Saint movement (also called the LDS movement, LDS restorationist movement, or Smith–Rigdon movement) is the collection of independent church groups that trace their origins to a Christian Restorationist movement founded by Joseph Smith in the late 1820s.
See Kraków and Latter Day Saint movement
Leipzig
Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony.
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.
See Kraków and Leonardo da Vinci
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792) was the 44th Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790.
See Kraków and Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska (Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland.
Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship (województwo małopolskie) is a voivodeship in southern Poland.
See Kraków and Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Leuven
Leuven, also called Louvain (Löwen), is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium.
Lexico
Lexico was a dictionary website that provided a collection of English and Spanish dictionaries produced by Oxford University Press (OUP), the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
Liège
Liège (Lîdje; Luik; Lüttich) is a city and municipality of Wallonia and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège.
See Kraków and Liège
Light-emitting diode
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it.
See Kraków and Light-emitting diode
List of cities and towns in Poland
This is a list of cities and towns in Poland, consisting of four sections: the full list of all 107 cities in Poland by size, followed by a description of the principal metropolitan areas of the country, the table of the most populated cities and towns in Poland, and finally, the full alphabetical list of all 107 Polish cities and 861 towns combined.
See Kraków and List of cities and towns in Poland
List of Nobel laureates
The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset, Nobelprisen) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.
See Kraków and List of Nobel laureates
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
This is a list of the oldest existing universities in continuous operation in the world.
See Kraków and List of oldest universities in continuous operation
List of Polish monarchs
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries).
See Kraków and List of Polish monarchs
List of Polish painters
Note: Names that cannot be confirmed in Wikipedia database nor through given sources are subject to removal.
See Kraków and List of Polish painters
Lists of World Heritage Sites
This is a list of the lists of World Heritage Sites.
See Kraków and Lists of World Heritage Sites
Lithuanian language
Lithuanian is an East Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.
See Kraków and Lithuanian language
Local government
Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within a particular sovereign state.
See Kraków and Local government
Local government in Kraków
Each president of the city of Kraków (known as the Mayor) fulfills his duties with the help of the City Council, city managers and the city inspectors.
See Kraków and Local government in Kraków
Logo
A logo (abbreviation of logotype) is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition.
See Kraków and Logo
Lonely Planet
Lonely Planet is a travel guide book publisher.
Looting of Poland in World War II
The looting of Polish cultural artifacts and industrial infrastructure during World War II was carried out by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union simultaneously after the invasion of Poland of 1939.
See Kraków and Looting of Poland in World War II
Ludowy Theatre
The Ludowy Theatre (literally: People's Theatre, Teatr Ludowy) in Kraków, located at Osiedle Teatralne housing development in district Nowa Huta, opened on 3 December 1955.
Lviv
Lviv (Львів; see below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the sixth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. Kraków and Lviv are historic Jewish communities and magdeburg rights.
See Kraków and Lviv
Małopolska Institute of Culture
The Małopolska Institute of Culture (Polish: Małopolski Instytut Kultury) is a regional cultural institution engaged in promoting and supporting the culture of Małopolska (Lesser Poland).
See Kraków and Małopolska Institute of Culture
Małopolska Upland
Małopolska Upland (Wyżyna Małopolska, also known as Lesser Poland Upland or Lesser Polish Upland) is an upland located in southern part of Poland, in the historic region of Lesser Poland.
See Kraków and Małopolska Upland
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (Magdeburger Recht, Prawo magdeburskie, Magdeburgo teisė; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by the local ruler.
See Kraków and Magdeburg rights
Main Square, Kraków
The Main Square (Rynek Główny) of the Old Town of Kraków, Lesser Poland, is the principal urban space located at the center of the city.
See Kraków and Main Square, Kraków
Malang
Malang, historically known as Tumapel, is an inland city in the Indonesian province of East Java.
MAN SE
MAN SE (abbreviation of Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg) was a manufacturing and engineering company based in Munich, Germany.
Manggha
Manggha (full name: Manggha Museum of Japanese Art and Technology, until 2007: Manggha Centre of Japanese Art and Technology) is a museum in Kraków, Poland.
Mariański Choir
The Mariański Choir (Chór Mariański), also known as the Maryan Choir, is a mixed choir based at the Lazarite Church of the Holy Virgin Mary of Lourdes in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Mariański Choir
Mariavite Church
The Old Catholic Mariavite Church refers to one of two independent Christian churches, both of which can be dated from 1906 but which became distinct after 1935 as a result of doctrinal differences, and are collectively known as Mariavites.
See Kraków and Mariavite Church
Mayor of the Royal City of Kraków
The following is the list of the Mayors of the Royal City of Kraków, Poland; heads of local municipal government (Prezydent Krakowa) according to extant records.
See Kraków and Mayor of the Royal City of Kraków
Mówią Wieki
MówiąWieki (meaning Centuries Speak in English) is a monthly popular science and history magazine published in Poland since 1958.
Members of Polish Sejm elected from Kraków constituency
Members of Polish national Parliament (Sejm) elected from Kraków constituency (2005 election) include.
See Kraków and Members of Polish Sejm elected from Kraków constituency
Michael J. Mikos
Michael J. Mikos is a professor of foreign languages and literature at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.
See Kraków and Michael J. Mikos
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Mieszko I
Mieszko I (– 25 May 992) was Duke of Poland from 960 until his death in 992 and the founder of the first unified Polish state, the Civitas Schinesghe.
Milan
Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.
See Kraków and Milan
Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require.
See Kraków and Military organization
Minority group
The term "minority group" has different usages, depending on the context.
Mistrzejowice
Mistrzejowice is one of the 18 districts of Kraków; known as Dzielnica XV (District 15), located in the northern part of the city.
Mittal Steel Company
Mittal Steel Company N.V. was an Indian company and one of the world's largest steel producers by volume and turnover.
See Kraków and Mittal Steel Company
Motorola
Motorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois.
Multinational corporation
A multinational corporation (MNC; also called a multinational enterprise (MNE), transnational enterprise (TNE), transnational corporation (TNC), international corporation, or stateless corporation,with subtle but contrasting senses) is a corporate organization that owns and controls the production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.
See Kraków and Multinational corporation
Municipal corporation
Municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs.
See Kraków and Municipal corporation
Museum of Municipal Engineering, Kraków
The Museum of Municipal Engineering in Kraków or the Muzeum Inżynierii Miejskiej w Krakowie is a municipal museum in Kraków, Poland; located at ul.
See Kraków and Museum of Municipal Engineering, Kraków
Music of Poland
The Music of Poland covers diverse aspects of music and musical traditions which have originated, and are practiced in Poland.
See Kraków and Music of Poland
Music school
A music school is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music.
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
National Museum in Kraków
The National Museum in Kraków (Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie), popularly abbreviated as MNK, is the largest museum in Poland, and the main branch of Poland's National Museum, which has several independent branches with permanent collections around the country.
See Kraków and National Museum in Kraków
Natural disaster
A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community after a natural hazard event.
See Kraków and Natural disaster
Nature reserve
A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research.
Nazi concentration camps
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps (Konzentrationslager), including subcamps on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe.
See Kraków and Nazi concentration camps
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
Nazism
Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.
Newbery Medal
The John Newbery Medal, frequently shortened to the Newbery, is a literary award given by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC), a division of the American Library Association (ALA), to the author of "the most distinguished contributions to American literature for children".
Newsweek
Newsweek is a weekly news magazine.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.
See Kraków and Nicolaus Copernicus
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died.
Nowa Góra, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Nowa Góra (en. New Mountain) is a village in Poland in Gmina Krzeszowice, Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Kraków and Nowa Góra, Lesser Poland Voivodeship are free City of Kraków, kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795) and Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939).
See Kraków and Nowa Góra, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Nowa Huta
Nowa Huta (literally "The New Steel Mill") is the easternmost district of Kraków, Poland.
Nowa Huta. Okruchy życia i meandry historii
The Nowa Huta.
See Kraków and Nowa Huta. Okruchy życia i meandry historii
Nuremberg
Nuremberg (Nürnberg; in the local East Franconian dialect: Nämberch) is the largest city in Franconia, the second-largest city in the German state of Bavaria, and its 544,414 (2023) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest city in Germany.
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.
See Kraków and Oceanic climate
Odesa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. Kraków and Odesa are historic Jewish communities.
See Kraków and Odesa
Ojców National Park
Ojców National Park (Ojcowski Park Narodowy) is a national park in Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland, established in 1956.
See Kraków and Ojców National Park
Old Polish
The Old Polish language (język staropolski, staropolszczyzna) was a period in the history of the Polish language between the 10th and the 16th centuries.
Old Synagogue (Kraków)
The Old Synagogue (Synagoga Stara; Alta Shul) was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 24 Szeroka Street, in the Kazimierz district of Kraków, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of Poland. Kraków and Old Synagogue (Kraków) are Holocaust locations in Poland.
See Kraków and Old Synagogue (Kraków)
Online Etymology Dictionary
The Online Etymology Dictionary or Etymonline, sometimes abbreviated as OED (not to be confused with the Oxford English Dictionary, which the site often cites), is a free online dictionary that describes the origins of English words, written and compiled by Douglas R. Harper.
See Kraków and Online Etymology Dictionary
Opera Krakowska
The Opera Krakowska (also known as the Kraków Opera) is an opera house located in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Opera Krakowska
Orléans
Orléans ((US) and) is a city in north-central France, about 120 kilometres (74 miles) southwest of Paris.
Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism.
See Kraków and Orthodox Judaism
Oskar Schindler
Oskar Schindler (28 April 1908 – 9 October 1974) was a German industrialist, humanitarian, and member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories in occupied Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
See Kraków and Oskar Schindler
Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory
Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory (Fabryka Emalia Oskara Schindlera) is a former metal item factory in Kraków.
See Kraków and Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Kraków and Oxford University Press
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.
See Kraków and Partitions of Poland
Pécs
Pécs (Pečuh; Fünfkirchen,; also known by alternative names) is the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the country's southwest, close to the border with Croatia.
See Kraków and Pécs
Pedagogical University of Kraków
The University of National Education Comision (Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, UKEN), is named after the Commission of National Education created by King Stanisław August Poniatowski.
See Kraków and Pedagogical University of Kraków
Pedestrian zone
Pedestrian zones (also known as auto-free zones and car-free zones, as pedestrian precincts in British English, and as pedestrian malls in the United States and Australia) are areas of a city or town restricted to use by people on foot or human-powered transport such as bicycles, with non-emergency motor traffic not allowed.
See Kraków and Pedestrian zone
Physiographic region
Physiographic regions are a means of defining Earth's landforms into distinct, mutually exclusive areas, independent of political boundaries.
See Kraków and Physiographic region
Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland.
Pieskowa Skała
Pieskowa Skała (Polish for Little Dog's Rock) is a limestone cliff in the valley of river Prądnik, Poland, best known for its Renaissance castle.
Pieter Brueghel the Younger
Pieter Brueghel (also Bruegel or Breughel) the Younger (between 23 May and 10 October 1564 – 1637/38) was a Flemish painter known for numerous copies after his father Pieter Bruegel the Elder's work, as well as original compositions and Bruegelian pastiches.
See Kraków and Pieter Brueghel the Younger
Pinnacle
A pinnacle is an architectural element originally forming the cap or crown of a buttress or small turret, but afterwards used on parapets at the corners of towers and in many other situations.
Planty Park (Kraków)
Planty is one of the largest city parks in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Planty Park (Kraków)
Podgórze
Podgórze (German: Josefstadt) is a district of Kraków, Poland, situated on the right (southern) bank of the Vistula River, at the foot of Lasota Hill. Kraków and Podgórze are Holocaust locations in Poland.
Podgórze Duchackie
Podgórze Duchackie is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the southern part of the city.
See Kraków and Podgórze Duchackie
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.
Polish Aviation Museum
The Polish Aviation Museum (Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie) is a large museum of historic aircraft and aircraft engines in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Polish Aviation Museum
Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists
Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists (Polskie Towarzystwo Przyrodników im.) is a Polish scientific society for natural sciences researchers.
See Kraków and Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists
Polish government-in-exile
The Polish government-in-exile, officially known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile (Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic.
See Kraków and Polish government-in-exile
Polish Legions in World War I
The Polish Legions (Legiony Polskie) was a name of the Polish military force (the first active Polish army in generations) established in August 1914 in Galicia soon after World War I erupted between the opposing alliances of the Triple Entente on one side (comprising the British Empire, the French Republic and the Russian Empire) and the Central Powers on the other side, comprising the German Empire and Austria-Hungary.
See Kraków and Polish Legions in World War I
Polish Liquidation Committee
The Polish Liquidation Committee of Galicia and Cieszyn Silesia (Polska Komisja Likwidacyjna Galicji i Śląska Cieszyńskiego) was a temporary Polish government body that operated in Galicia at the end of World War I. Created on 28 October 1918, with its seat in Kraków, the Committee was headed by Wincenty Witos and Ignacy Daszyński.
See Kraków and Polish Liquidation Committee
Polish Orthodox Church
The Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church (Polski Autokefaliczny Kościół Prawosławny), commonly known as the Polish Orthodox Church, or Orthodox Church of Poland, is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches in full communion.
See Kraków and Polish Orthodox Church
Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic (1952–1989), formerly the Republic of Poland (1947–1952), was a country in Central Europe that existed as the predecessor of the modern-day democratic Republic of Poland.
See Kraków and Polish People's Republic
Polish złoty
The Polish złoty (alternative spelling: zloty; Polish: polski złoty,;The nominative plural, used for numbers ending in 2, 3 and 4 (except those in 12, 13 and 14), is złote; the genitive plural, used for all other numbers, is złotych abbreviation: zł; code: PLN)Prior to 1995, code PLZ was used instead.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Poland–Lithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and also referred to as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the First Polish Republic, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
See Kraków and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Political agenda
In politics, a political agenda is a list of subjects or problems (issues) to which government officials as well as individuals outside the government are paying serious attention to at any given time.
See Kraków and Political agenda
Polityka
Polityka (Politics) is a centre-left weekly news magazine in Poland.
Pontifical University of John Paul II
The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow (Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie) is an academic institution located in Kraków, Poland, that offers graduate degrees in theology, philosophy, and church history.
See Kraków and Pontifical University of John Paul II
Pope
The pope (papa, from lit) is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church.
See Kraków and Pope
Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Jan Paweł II; Giovanni Paolo II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła,; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.
See Kraków and Pope John Paul II
Popular music
Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry.
Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See Kraków and Portuguese language
Possessive
A possessive or ktetic form (abbreviated or; from possessivus; translit) is a word or grammatical construction indicating a relationship of possession in a broad sense.
Prague
Prague (Praha) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia.
Prądnik Biały
Prądnik Biały is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the northwest part of the city.
Prądnik Czerwony
Prądnik Czerwony is one of 18 districts of Kraków; known as Dzielnica III (District 3), located in the northern part of the city.
See Kraków and Prądnik Czerwony
Prehistory
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.
Premetro in Kraków
The premetro in Kraków is a planned premetro system in the Polish city of Kraków.
See Kraków and Premetro in Kraków
Printing press
A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.
Protected areas of Poland
Protected areas of Poland include the following categories, as defined by the Act on Protection of Nature (Ustawa o ochronie przyrody) of 16 April 2004,, 2004, published by the Polish Parliament by the Polish Parliament.
See Kraków and Protected areas of Poland
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
Public security
Public security or public safety is the prevention of and protection from events that could endanger the safety and security of the public from significant danger, injury, or property damage.
See Kraków and Public security
Qahal
The qahal (קהל), sometimes spelled kahal, was a theocratic organizational structure in ancient Israelite society according to the Hebrew Bible, See columns.
See Kraków and Qahal
Quito
Quito (Kitu), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area.
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Rakowicki Cemetery
Rakowicki Cemetery (English:; Cmentarz Rakowicki) is a historic necropolis and a cultural heritage monument located on 26 Rakowicka Street in the centre of Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Rakowicki Cemetery
Rapid transit
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), commonly referred to as metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas.
Real estate development
Real estate development, or property development, is a business process, encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re-lease of existing buildings to the purchase of raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to others.
See Kraków and Real estate development
Reform Judaism
Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority of its ethical aspects to its ceremonial ones, and belief in a continuous revelation which is closely intertwined with human reason and not limited to the Theophany at Mount Sinai.
Regions of Poland
Polish regions are regions that are in present-day Poland but are not identified in its administrative division.
See Kraków and Regions of Poland
Rembrandt
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669), usually simply known as Rembrandt, was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker, and draughtsman.
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
See Kraków and Renaissance architecture
Renaissance in Poland
The Renaissance in Poland (Renesans, Odrodzenie; literally: the Rebirth) lasted from the late 15th to the late 16th century and is widely considered to have been the Golden Age of Polish culture.
See Kraków and Renaissance in Poland
Revolutions of 1989
The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world.
See Kraków and Revolutions of 1989
Rick Steves
Richard John Steves Jr. (born May 10, 1955), known professionally as Rick Steves, is an American travel writer, author, activist, and television personality.
Rochester, New York
Rochester is a city in the U.S. state of New York and the county seat of Monroe County.
See Kraków and Rochester, New York
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kraków (Archidioecesis Metropolitae Cracovien(sis), Archidiecezja Krakowska) is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Kraków in Poland.
See Kraków and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków
Roman numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.
Roman Polanski
Raymond Roman Thierry Polański (born 18 August 1933) is a French and Polish film director, producer, screenwriter, actor and convicted sex offender.
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.
See Kraków and Romanesque architecture
Rome
Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.
See Kraków and Rome
Rowing
Rowing is the act of propelling a human-powered watercraft using the sweeping motions of oars to displace water and generate reactional propulsion.
Royal city in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
In the history of Poland, a royal city or royal town (miasto królewskie) was an urban settlement within the crown lands (królewszczyzna).
See Kraków and Royal city in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Royal Garden in Kraków
Ogrody Królewskie na Wawelu is a botanical garden and museum in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Royal Garden in Kraków
Royal Road, Kraków
The Royal Road or Royal Route (Droga Królewska) in Kraków, Poland, begins at the northern end of the medieval Old Town and continues south through the centre of town towards Wawel Hill, where the old royal residence, Wawel Castle, is located.
See Kraków and Royal Road, Kraków
Rudawa (river)
The Rudawa is a small river in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland.
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.
Russians
Russians (russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe.
Rynek Underground
The Rynek Underground museum of Kraków is situated below the market square of the city.
See Kraków and Rynek Underground
Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)
Rzeczpospolita is a Polish nationwide daily economic and legal newspaper, published by Gremi Media.
See Kraków and Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)
Sabre Corporation
Sabre Corporation, a travel technology company headquartered in Southlake, Texas, is the largest global distribution systems (GDS) provider for air bookings.
See Kraków and Sabre Corporation
Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a German Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used from 1936 until April 1945, shortly before the defeat of Nazi Germany in May later that year.
See Kraków and Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sack of Kraków (1241)
The sack of Kraków during the first Mongol invasion of Poland took place on either 22 or 28 March 1241.
See Kraków and Sack of Kraków (1241)
Sacral architecture
Sacral architecture (also known as sacred architecture or religious architecture) is a religious architectural practice concerned with the design and construction of places of worship or sacred or intentional space, such as churches, mosques, stupas, synagogues, and temples.
See Kraków and Sacral architecture
Saints Peter and Paul Church, Kraków
The Church of Saints Peter and Paul (Kościół ŚŚ Piotra i Pawła) is a Roman Catholic Polish Baroque church located at 54 Grodzka Street in the Old Town district of Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Saints Peter and Paul Church, Kraków
San Francisco
San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, financial, and cultural center in Northern California.
Sandomierz Basin
Sandomierz Basin (Kotlina Sandomierska) is a lowland, located in southeastern Poland, between the Lesser Poland Upland, Lublin Upland and the Western Carpathians.
See Kraków and Sandomierz Basin
Schutzstaffel
The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylised as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes) was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.
Seat of government
The seat of government is (as defined by Brewer's Politics) "the building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority".
See Kraków and Seat of government
Second Mongol invasion of Poland
The second Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by General Boroldai (Burundai) of the Golden Horde in 1259–1260.
See Kraków and Second Mongol invasion of Poland
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.
See Kraków and Second Polish Republic
Sejm
The Sejm, officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland.
See Kraków and Sejm
Serbian language
Serbian (српски / srpski) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs.
See Kraków and Serbian language
Seville
Seville (Sevilla) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville.
Shabbat
Shabbat (or; Šabbāṯ) or the Sabbath, also called Shabbos by Ashkenazim, is Judaism's day of rest on the seventh day of the week—i.e., Saturday.
Shell plc
Shell plc is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England.
Shrubland
Shrubland, scrubland, scrub, brush, or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbs, and geophytes.
Siege of Kraków
The siege of Kraków was one of the battles during the Swedish invasion of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Second Northern War / ''Deluge'').
See Kraków and Siege of Kraków
Sigismund I the Old
Sigismund I the Old (Zygmunt I Stary, Žygimantas II Senasis; 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until his death in 1548.
See Kraków and Sigismund I the Old
Sigismund II Augustus
Sigismund II Augustus (Zygmunt II August, Žygimantas Augustas; 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548.
See Kraków and Sigismund II Augustus
Sigismund III Vasa
Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to 1599.
See Kraków and Sigismund III Vasa
Sister city
A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties.
Skałka
Saint Michael the Archangel and Saint Stanislaus the Bishop and Martyr Basilica, also known as Skałka, which means "a small rock" in Polish, is a small outcrop in Kraków atop of which a Pauline monastery is located.
Slovak language
Slovak (endonym: slovenčina or slovenský jazyk), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script.
See Kraków and Slovak language
Smog
Smog, or smoke fog, is a type of intense air pollution.
See Kraków and Smog
Socialist realism
Socialist realism was the official cultural doctrine of the Soviet Union that mandated an idealized representation of life under socialism in literature and the visual arts.
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Socialist realism in Poland
Socialist realism in Poland (socrealizm) was a socio-political and aesthetic doctrine enforced by the pro-Soviet communist government in the process of Stalinization of the post-war Polish People’s Republic.
See Kraków and Socialist realism in Poland
Solothurn
Solothurn (Soleure; Soletta; help) is a town, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Sonderaktion Krakau
Sonderaktion Krakau was a German operation against professors and academics of the Jagiellonian University and other universities in German-occupied Kraków, Poland, at the beginning of World War II.
See Kraków and Sonderaktion Krakau
Sopwith Camel
The Sopwith Camel is a British First World War single-seat biplane fighter aircraft that was introduced on the Western Front in 1917.
Split, Croatia
Split (Spalato:; see other names), is the second-largest city of Croatia after the capital Zagreb, the largest city in Dalmatia and the largest city on the Croatian coast.
Sports club
A sports club or sporting club, sometimes an athletics club or sports society or sports association, is a group of people formed for the purpose of playing sports.
St. Andrew's Church, Kraków
The Church of St.
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St. Florian's Gate
St.
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St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków
Saint Mary's Basilica (Kościół Mariacki) is a Brick Gothic church adjacent to the Main Market Square in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków
St. Mary's Trumpet Call
St.
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Stained glass
Stained glass is coloured glass as a material or works created from it.
Stalinism
Stalinism is the totalitarian means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin.
Stalinist architecture
Stalinist architecture, mostly known in the former Eastern Bloc as Stalinist style or socialist classicism, is the architecture of the Soviet Union under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, between 1933 (when Boris Iofan's draft for the Palace of the Soviets was officially approved) and 1955 (when Nikita Khrushchev condemned "excesses" of the past decades and disbanded the Soviet Academy of Architecture).
See Kraków and Stalinist architecture
Stanisław Rehman
Stanisław Rehman (1838–1899), was a city councillor in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Stanisław Rehman
Stanisław Wyspiański
Stanisław Mateusz Ignacy Wyspiański (15 January 1869 – 28 November 1907) was a Polish playwright, painter and poet, as well as interior and furniture designer.
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Statistics Poland
Statistics Poland (Główny Urząd Statystyczny, popularly called GUS), formerly known in English as the Central Statistical Office, is the Polish government's chief executive agency charged with collecting and publishing statistics related to the economy, population, and society in Poland, at the national and local levels.
See Kraków and Statistics Poland
Steel mill
A steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel.
Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.
Sukiennice Museum
The Gallery of 19th-Century Polish Art at Sukiennice (Galeria Sztuki Polskiej XIX wieku w Sukiennicach), is a division of the National Museum, Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Sukiennice Museum
Swoszowice, Kraków
Swoszowice is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the southern part of the city.
See Kraków and Swoszowice, Kraków
Symbols of Kraków
The city of Kraków uses a coat of arms, a seal, official colors, a flag, and a banner as its official symbols.
See Kraków and Symbols of Kraków
Synagogues of Kraków
The synagogues of Kraków are a collection of monuments of Jewish sacred architecture in Poland.
See Kraków and Synagogues of Kraków
Szczecin
Szczecin (Stettin; Stettin; Sedinum or Stetinum) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Kraków and Szczecin are city counties of Poland, Holocaust locations in Poland, magdeburg rights and members of the Hanseatic League.
Tadeusz Kościuszko
Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko (Andrew Thaddeus Bonaventure Kosciuszko; 4 or 12 February 174615 October 1817) was a Polish military engineer, statesman, and military leader who then became a national hero in Poland, the United States, Lithuania and Belarus.
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Tadeusz Kościuszko Kraków University of Technology
Cracow University of Technology (Politechnika Krakowska im.), also known in English as Cracow University of Technology (CUT), is a public university located in central Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Tadeusz Kościuszko Kraków University of Technology
Tadeusz Sendzimir Steelworks
Tadeusz Sendzimir Steelworks (Huta im.) is the second largest steel plant in Poland.
See Kraków and Tadeusz Sendzimir Steelworks
Tap water
Tap water (also known as running water, piped water or municipal water) is water supplied through a tap, a water dispenser valve.
Tapestry
Tapestry is a form of textile art, traditionally woven by hand on a loom.
Tatars
The Tatars, in the Collins English Dictionary formerly also spelt Tartars, is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia. Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes.
Tatra Mountains
The Tatra Mountains, Tatras (Tatry either in Slovak or in Polish - plurale tantum), are a series of mountains within the Western Carpathians that form a natural border between Slovakia and Poland.
See Kraków and Tatra Mountains
Tauron Arena Kraków
Tauron Arena Kraków is an indoor arena located in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Tauron Arena Kraków
Tbilisi
Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis, (tr) is the capital and largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of around 1.2 million people.
Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Kraków and Temperate climate
Tenczynek Landscape Park
Tenczynek Landscape Park (Tenczyński Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (a Landscape Park) in southern Poland, established in 1981, and covering an area of.
See Kraków and Tenczynek Landscape Park
The Holocaust
The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.
The Sigismund Bell
The Sigismund Bell (Dzwon Zygmunt or Dzwon Zygmunta) is the largest of the five bells hanging in the Sigismund Tower of the Wawel Cathedral in the Polish city of Kraków.
See Kraków and The Sigismund Bell
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.
The Trumpeter of Krakow
The Trumpeter of Krakow is a 1928 young adult historical novel by Eric P. Kelly.
See Kraków and The Trumpeter of Krakow
The Warsaw Voice
Warsaw Voice: Polish and Central European Review, commonly shortened to The Warsaw Voice, is an English-language newspaper printed in Poland, concentrating on news about Poland and its neighbours.
See Kraków and The Warsaw Voice
Thermophile
A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between.
Third Mongol invasion of Poland
The Third Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by Talabuga Khan and Nogai Khan in 1287–1288.
See Kraków and Third Mongol invasion of Poland
Third Partition of Poland
The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland–Lithuania and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polish–Lithuanian national sovereignty until 1918.
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Thomas Cook Group
Thomas Cook Group plc was a global travel group, headquartered in the United Kingdom and listed on the London Stock Exchange from its formation on 19 June 2007 by the merger of Thomas Cook AG — successor to Thomas Cook & Son — and MyTravel Group until 23 September 2019, when it went into compulsory liquidation.
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Thomism
Thomism is the philosophical and theological school which arose as a legacy of the work and thought of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), the Dominican philosopher, theologian, and Doctor of the Church.
Times Higher Education
Times Higher Education (THE), formerly The Times Higher Education Supplement (The Thes), is a British magazine reporting specifically on news and issues related to higher education.
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Tourism in Poland
Poland is a part of the global tourism market with constantly increasing number of visitors.
See Kraków and Tourism in Poland
Town Hall Tower, Kraków
Town Hall Tower in Kraków, Poland (Wieża ratuszowa w Krakowie) is one of the main focal points of the Main Market Square in the Old Town district of Kraków.
See Kraków and Town Hall Tower, Kraków
Tram
A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in the United States and Canada) is a type of urban rail transit consisting of either individual railcars or self-propelled multiple unit trains that run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way.
See Kraków and Tram
Trzebinia
Trzebinia (טשעבין Tchebin) is a town in Chrzanów County, Lesser Poland, Poland with an Orlen oil refinery and a major rail junction of the Kraków - Katowice line, with connections to Oświęcim and Spytkowice. Kraków and Trzebinia are cities and towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, city counties of Poland and Holocaust locations in Poland.
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
Tyniec
Tyniec is a historic village in Poland on the Vistula river, since 1973 a part of the city of Kraków (currently in the district of Dębniki).
Uber
Uber Technologies, Inc., commonly referred to as Uber, is an American multinational transportation company that provides ride-hailing services, courier services, food delivery, and freight transport.
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UBS
UBS Group AG is a multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland.
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Ukrainian language
Ukrainian (label) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in Ukraine.
See Kraków and Ukrainian language
Ukrainians
Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
Unity Tower
Unity Tower (commonly nicknamed the Skeletor (Szkieletor) prior to completion) is a 102.5 metre high-rise building located in Kraków, Poland.
University of Michigan
The University of Michigan (U-M, UMich, or simply Michigan) is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Veit Stoss
Veit Stoss (also: Veit Stoß and Stuoss; Wit Stwosz; Vitus Stoss; before 1450about 20 September 1533) was a leading German sculptor, mostly working with wood, whose career covered the transition between the late Gothic and the Northern Renaissance.
Veit Stoss altarpiece in Kraków
The Altarpiece by Veit Stoss (Ołtarz Wita Stwosza), also St.
See Kraków and Veit Stoss altarpiece in Kraków
Veliko Tarnovo
Veliko Tarnovo (Veliko Tŭrnovo,; "Great Tarnovo") is a city in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province.
Vienna
Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.
Vilnius
Vilnius, previously known in English as Vilna, is the capital of and largest city in Lithuania and the second-most-populous city in the Baltic states. Kraków and Vilnius are historic Jewish communities and magdeburg rights.
Vistula
The Vistula (Wisła,, Weichsel) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length.
Vistulans
The Vistulans, or Vistulanians (Wiślanie), were an early medieval Lechitic tribe inhabiting the western part of modern Lesser Poland.
Voivodeships of Poland
A voivodeship (województwo; plural: województwa) is the highest-level administrative division of Poland, corresponding to a province in many other countries.
See Kraków and Voivodeships of Poland
Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland. Kraków and Warsaw are city counties of Poland, Holocaust locations in Poland and world Heritage Sites in Poland.
Wawel Castle
The Wawel Royal Castle (Zamek Królewski na Wawelu) and the Wawel Hill on which it sits constitute the most historically and culturally significant site in Poland.
Wawel Cathedral
The Wawel Cathedral (Katedra Wawelska), formally titled the Archcathedral Basilica of Saint Stanislaus and Saint Wenceslaus, (Bazylika archikatedralna św.) is a Catholic cathedral situated on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland.
See Kraków and Wawel Cathedral
Wawel Dragon
The Wawel Dragon (Smok Wawelski), also known as the Dragon of Wawel Hill, is a famous dragon in Polish legend.
Wawel Kraków
Wawel Kraków is a Polish multisports club based in Kraków, Poland.
Western Beskidian Foothills
The Western Beskidian Foothills (Západobeskydské podhůří, Pogórze Zachodniobeskidzkie) is a geological region in the northeastern corner of the Czech Republic and extending into southern Poland.
See Kraków and Western Beskidian Foothills
Which?
Which? is a United Kingdom brand name that promotes informed consumer choice in the purchase of goods and services by testing products, highlighting inferior products or services, raising awareness of consumer rights, and offering independent advice.
Wieczysta Kraków
Wieczysta Kraków is a Polish football club based in Kraków.
See Kraków and Wieczysta Kraków
Wieliczka Salt Mine
The Wieliczka Salt Mine (Kopalnia soli Wieliczka) is a salt mine in the town of Wieliczka, near Kraków in southern Poland. Kraków and Wieliczka Salt Mine are world Heritage Sites in Poland.
See Kraków and Wieliczka Salt Mine
Wielopolski Palace
The Wielopolski Palace in Kraków, Poland, is the location of the Kraków City Council and the office of the President of Kraków.
See Kraków and Wielopolski Palace
Wilga (Krakow)
Wilga is a river in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of Poland.
Wincenty Okołowicz
Wincenty Okołowicz (26 June 1906 – 3 September 1979) was a Polish geographer and an expert in geomorphology and climatology.
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Wisła Kraków
Towarzystwo Sportowe Wisła Kraków Spółka Akcyjna, commonly referred to as Wisła Kraków, is a Polish professional football club based in Kraków.
Wisława Szymborska
Maria Wisława Anna SzymborskaVioletta Szostak gazeta.pl, 9 February 2012.
See Kraków and Wisława Szymborska
World Heritage Committee
The World Heritage Committee is a committee of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization that selects the sites to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance upon requests from States Parties.
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World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
See Kraków and World Heritage Site
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
World Youth Day
World Youth Day (WYD) is an event for young people organized by the Catholic Church that was initiated by Pope John Paul II in 1985.
See Kraków and World Youth Day
Wrocław
Wrocław (Breslau; also known by other names) is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. Kraków and Wrocław are city counties of Poland, Holocaust locations in Poland, magdeburg rights and members of the Hanseatic League.
Wzgórza Krzesławickie
Wzgórza Krzesławickie is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the northeast part of the city.
See Kraków and Wzgórza Krzesławickie
Yiddish
Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish or idish,,; ייִדיש-טײַטש, historically also Yidish-Taytsh) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.
Young Poland
Young Poland (Młoda Polska) was a modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature and music, covering roughly the years between 1890 and 1918.
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia.
Zbruch Idol
The Zbruch Idol, Sviatovid (Worldseer, Światowid ze Zbrucza; Збручанський ідол) is a 9th-century sculpture, more precisely an example of a bałwan, and one of the few monuments of pre-Christian Slavic beliefs (according to another interpretation, it was created by the Kipchaks/Cumans).
Zionism
Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside of Europe.
2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship
The 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship was held in Poland from 30 August to 21 September 2014.
See Kraków and 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship
2014 Kraków referendum
A referendum over four questions was held in Kraków on 25 May 2014.
See Kraków and 2014 Kraków referendum
2016 European Men's Handball Championship
The 2016 EHF European Men's Handball Championship was the twelfth edition and was held for the first time in Poland from 15–31 January 2016.
See Kraków and 2016 European Men's Handball Championship
2022 Winter Olympics
The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXIV Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Beijing 2022 (北京2022), were an international winter multi-sport event held from 4 to 20 February 2022 in Beijing, China, and surrounding areas with competition in selected events beginning 2 February 2022.
See Kraków and 2022 Winter Olympics
2023 European Games
The 3rd European Games (III Igrzyska Europejskie, Igrzyska Europejskie 2023), informally known as Kraków-Małopolska 2023, was an international multi-sport event held from 21 June to 2 July 2023 in Kraków and Małopolska, Poland.
See Kraków and 2023 European Games
See also
Former capitals of Poland
Free City of Kraków
- Chrzanów
- Free City of Cracow
- Kraków
- Kraków uprising
- Kraków złoty
- November Uprising
- Nowa Góra, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Magdeburg rights
- Bardejov
- Biecz
- Brody
- Buchach
- Chernivtsi
- German town law
- Grodno
- Hraniv
- Humenné
- Ivano-Frankivsk
- Kaunas
- Kraków
- Krupina
- Kyiv
- Lutsk
- Lviv
- Magdeburg rights
- Minsk
- Monument to Magdeburg Rights (Kyiv)
- Nizhyn
- Polotsk
- Potelych
- Poznań
- Prienai
- Prudnik
- Ratusz
- Rohatyn
- Ropczyce
- Sanok, Poland
- Sniatyn
- Szczecin
- Trakai
- Vilnius
- Volodymyr, Volyn Oblast
- Wrocław
- Yazlovets
- Zhukiv, Ternopil Oblast
- Złotoryja
- Łódź
World Heritage Sites in Poland
- All Saints Church, Blizne
- Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
- Assumption of Holy Mary Church, Haczów
- Auschwitz concentration camp
- Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
- Białowieża Forest
- Binarowa
- Blizne
- Bochnia Salt Mine
- Centennial Hall (Wrocław)
- Churches of Peace
- Haczów
- Historic Silver Mine in Tarnowskie Góry
- Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
- Kalwaria Zebrzydowska Park
- Kraków
- Kraków Old Town
- Krzemionki
- Lipnica Murowana
- List of World Heritage Sites in Poland
- Malbork Castle
- Medieval Town of Toruń
- Mother of God Church, Chotyniec
- Muskau Park
- Old City (Zamość)
- Old Town, Warsaw
- Protection of Our Most Holy Lady Church, Owczary
- Saints Philip and James Church, Sękowa
- St. James Church, Powroźnik
- St. Leonard's Church, Lipnica Murowana
- St. Michael Archangel's Church, Binarowa
- St. Michael Archangel's Church, Brunary
- St. Michael Archangel's Church, Dębno
- St. Michael Archangel's Church, Smolnik
- St. Michael Archangel's Church, Turzańsk
- St. Paraskevi Church, Kwiatoń
- St. Paraskevi Church, Radruż
- Sękowa
- Warsaw
- Wieliczka Salt Mine
- Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine
- Wooden churches of Southern Lesser Poland
- Wooden tserkvas of Carpathian region in Poland and Ukraine
References
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