List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)

;Lists of state leaders by century | List of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900) | List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950) | List of state leaders in the 21st century | List of current heads of state and government;See also | List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states. ^[1]

Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy

Abd El Aziz Mohamed Hegazy (also known as Abdulaziz Hijazi) (عبد العزيز محمد حجازي,; 3 January 1923 – 22 December 2014) was the 38th Prime Minister of Egypt during the presidency of Anwar Sadat.

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Abdul-Karim Qasim

Abdul-Karim Qasim Muhammad Bakr al-Fadhli al-Zubaidi (عبد الكريمقاسم; 21 November 1914 – 9 February 1963) was an Iraqi military officer and nationalist who came to power in 1958 when the Iraqi monarchy was overthrown during the 14 July Revolution.

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Abdul-Wahab Mirjan

Abdul-Wahab Mirjan (1909 – March 15, 1964) (عبد الوهاب مرجان) served as Prime Minister of Iraq from 1957 to 1958 at the time of that country's short-lived union with Jordan, which was formalized on February 14, 1958.

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Abdullah I of Jordan

AbdullahI bin Al-Hussein (translit, 2 February 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the ruler of Jordan from 11 April 1921 until his assassination in 1951.

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Abdullah II of Jordan

Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (born 30 January 1962) is King of Jordan, having ascended the throne on 7 February 1999.

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Abdurrahman Wahid

Abdurrahman Wahid (né ad-Dakhil, 7 September 1940 – 30 December 2009), more colloquially known as Gus Dur, was an Indonesian politician and Islamic religious leader who served as the fourth president of Indonesia, from his election in 1999 until he was removed from office in 2001.

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Adolf Ogi

Adolf Ogi (born 18 July 1942) is a Swiss politician who most recently served as Special Advisor to the UN Secretary General on Sport for Development and Peace from 2001 to 2008.

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Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr

Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (1 July 1914 – 4 October 1982) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fourth president of Iraq, from 17 July 1968 to 16 July 1979.

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Albania

Albania (Shqipëri or Shqipëria), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Albert II of Belgium

Albert II (born 6 June 1934) is a member of the Belgian royal family who reigned as King of the Belgians from 9 August 1993 until his abdication on 21 July 2013.

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Albert Reynolds

Albert Martin Reynolds (3 November 1932 – 21 August 2014) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach and Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1992 to 1994.

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Alberto Fujimori

Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto (藤森謙也, Hepburn:,; born 28 July 1938) is a Peruvian former politician, professor, and engineer who served as President of Peru from 1990 to 2000.

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Aldo Moro

Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro (23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and prominent member of Christian Democracy (DC) and its centre-left wing.

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Alec Douglas-Home

Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel, (2 July 1903 – 9 October 1995), styled as Lord Dunglass between 1918 and 1951 and the Earl of Home from 1951 until 1963, was a British statesman and Conservative politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1963 to 1964.

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Aleksander Kwaśniewski

Aleksander Kwaśniewski (born 15 November 1954) is a Polish politician and journalist.

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Alexander Dubček

Alexander Dubček (27 November 1921 – 7 November 1992) was a Slovak statesman who served as the First Secretary of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) (de facto leader of Czechoslovakia) from January 1968 to April 1969 and as Chairman of the Federal Assembly from 1989 to 1992 following the Velvet Revolution.

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Alexander Lukashenko

Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko (also transliterated as Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka; born 30 August 1954) is a Belarusian politician who has been the president of Belarus since the office's establishment in 1994, currently the longest in Europe.

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Alfredo Stroessner

Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda (3 November 1912 – 16 August 2006) was a Paraguayan army officer, politician and dictator who served as President of Paraguay from 15 August 1954 until his overthrow from power on 3 February 1989.

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Algeria

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.

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Ali Abdullah Saleh

Ali Abdullah Saleh al-Ahmar (Arabic:, ʿAlī ʿAbdullāh Ṣāliḥ al-Aḥmar; 21 March 1947There is a dispute as to Saleh's date of birth, some saying that it was on 21 March 1942. See: However, by Saleh's own confession (an interview recorded in a YouTube video), he was born in 1947.--> – 4 December 2017) was a Yemeni politician who served as the first President of the Republic of Yemen, from Yemeni unification on 22 May 1990, to his resignation on 27 February 2012, following the Yemeni revolution.

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Alija Izetbegović

Alija Izetbegović (8 August 1925 – 19 October 2003) was a Bosnian politician, Islamic philosopher and author, who in 1992 became the first president of the Presidency of the newly independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Alphons Egli

Alphons Egli (8 October 1924 – 5 August 2016) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1983–86).

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Anastasio Somoza Debayle

Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was the 53rd President of Nicaragua from 1967 to 1972 and again from 1974 to 1979.

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Andorra

Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south.

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Andrés Rodríguez (politician)

Andrés Rodríguez Pedotti (June 19, 1923 – April 21, 1997) was a military officer and politician, being President of Paraguay from February 3, 1989, to August 15, 1993.

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Anerood Jugnauth

Sir Anerood Jugnauth, GCSK, PV, (29 March 1930 – 3 June 2021) was a Mauritian statesman, politician and barrister who served both as President and Prime Minister of Mauritius.

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Ange-Félix Patassé

Ange-Félix Patassé (25 January 1937 – 5 April 2011) was a Central African politician who was president of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé in the 2003 coup d'état.

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Angola

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-central coast of Southern Africa.

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Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda is a sovereign island country in the Caribbean.

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Antoine Pinay

Antoine Pinay (30 December 1891 – 13 December 1994) was a French conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1952 to 1953.

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Anwar Sadat

Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.

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Arnold Koller

Arnold Koller (born 29 August 1933) is a Swiss professor and politician.

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Arnulfo Arias

Arnulfo Arias Madrid (15 August 1901 – 10 August 1988) was a Panamanian politician, medical doctor, and writer who served as the President of Panama from 1940 to 1941, again from 1949 to 1951, and finally for 11 days in October 1968.

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Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Atal Bihari Vajpayee (25 December 1924 – 16 August 2018) was an Indian politician and poet who served three terms as the Prime Minister of India, first for a term of 13 days in 1996, then for a period of 13 months from 1998 to 1999, followed by a full term from 1999 to 2004.

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Ayub Khan

Muhammad Ayub Khan (14 May 190719 April 1974), better known as Ayub Khan, was a Pakistani military officer who served as the second president of Pakistan from 1958 to 1969.

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Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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Ásgeir Ásgeirsson

Ásgeir Ásgeirsson (13 May 1894 – 15 September 1972) was the second president of Iceland, from 1952 to 1968.

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Éamon de Valera

Éamon de Valera (first registered as George de Valero; changed some time before 1901 to Edward de Valera; 14 October 1882 – 29 August 1975) was an Irish statesman and political leader.

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Édith Cresson

Édith Cresson (Campion; born 27 January 1934) is a French politician of the Socialist Party.

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Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson

Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (born 14 May 1943) is an Icelandic politician who was the fifth president of Iceland from 1996 to 2016.

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Óscar Arias

Óscar Arias Sánchez (born 13 September 1940 in Heredia, Costa Rica) is a Costa Rican activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

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İsmet İnönü

Mustafa İsmet İnönü (24 September 1886 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman who served as the second president of Turkey from 11 November 1938, to 22 May 1950, and as its prime minister three times: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965.

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B. J. Habibie

Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (25 June 1936 – 11 September 2019) was an Indonesian politician, engineer and scientist who served as the third president of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999.

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Babrak Karmal

Babrak Karmal (Dari/Pashto:; born Sultan Hussein; 6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was an Afghan communist revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Afghanistan, serving in the post of general secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1986.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia.

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Barbados

Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region next to North America and north of South America, and is the most easterly of the Caribbean islands.

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Barend Biesheuvel

Barend Willem Biesheuvel (5 April 1920 – 29 April 2001) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) now the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 6 July 1971 until 11 May 1973.

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Basutoland

Basutoland was a British Crown colony that existed from 1884 to 1966 in present-day Lesotho, bordered with the Cape Colony, Natal Colony and Orange River Colony until 1910 and completely surrounded by South Africa from 1910.

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Baudouin of Belgium

Baudouin (7 September 1930 – 31 July 1993) was King of the Belgians from 17 July 1951 until his death in 1993.

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Bazilio Olara-Okello

Bazilio Olara-Okello (1929 – 9 January 1990) was a Ugandan military officer and one of the commanders of the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA) that together with the Tanzanian army organized the coup d'état that overthrew Idi Amin in 1979.

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Bảo Đại

Bảo Đại (大, lit. "keeper of greatness", 22 October 191331 July 1997), born Nguyễn Phúc (Phước) Vĩnh Thụy, was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam.

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Beatrix of the Netherlands

Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard,; born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal house who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 1980 until her abdication in 2013.

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Belarus

Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

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Belgian Congo

The Belgian Congo (Congo belge,; Belgisch-Congo) was a Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 until independence in 1960 and became the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.

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Belize

Belize (Bileez) is a country on the north-eastern coast of Central America.

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Benazir Bhutto

Benazir Bhutto (21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician and stateswoman who served as the 11th and 13th prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996.

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Benin

Benin (Bénin, Benɛ, Benen), officially the Republic of Benin (République du Bénin), and also known as Dahomey, is a country in West Africa.

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Benjamin Mkapa

Benjamin William Mkapa (12 November 193824 July 2020) was the third president of Tanzania, in office from 1995 to 2005.

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Benjamin Netanyahu

Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician, serving as the prime minister of Israel since 2022, having previously held the office in 1996–1999 and 2009–2021.

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Bernard Dowiyogo

Bernard Annen Auwen Dowiyogo (14 February 1946 – 9 March 2003) was a Nauruan politician who served as President of Nauru on seven separate occasions.

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Bettino Craxi

Benedetto "Bettino" Craxi (24 February 1934 – 19 January 2000) was an Italian politician, leader of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) from 1976 to 1993, and the 45th prime minister of Italy from 1983 to 1987.

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Bey

Bey, also spelled as Baig, Bayg, Beigh, Beig, Bek, Baeg or Beg, is a Turkic title for a chieftain, and an honorific title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in Central Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East, such as the Ottomans, Timurids or the various khanates and emirates in Central Asia and the Eurasian Steppe.

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Bhumibol Adulyadej

Bhumibol Adulyadej (5 December 192713 October 2016), posthumously conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great, was the ninth king of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty, titled Rama IX, from 1946 until his death in 2016.

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Biafra

Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a partially recognised state in West Africa that declared independence from Nigeria and existed from 1967 until 1970.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Birendra of Nepal

Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव), (28 December 1945 – 1 June 2001) was the tenth King of Nepal from 1972 until his assassination in 2001.

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Blaise Compaoré

Blaise Compaoré (born 3 February 1951)Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders (2003), page 76–77.

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Bob Hawke

Robert James Lee Hawke (9 December 1929 – 16 May 2019) was an Australian politician and trade unionist who served as the 23rd prime minister of Australia from 1983 to 1991.

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Bolesław Bierut

Bolesław Bierut (18 April 1892 – 12 March 1956) was a Polish communist activist and politician, leader of communist-ruled Poland from 1947 until 1956.

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Bolivia

Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America.

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Bophuthatswana

Bophuthatswana, officially the Republic of Bophuthatswana (Repaboleki ya Bophuthatswana; Republiek van Bophuthatswana), and colloquially referred to as the Bop, was a Bantustan (also known as "Homeland", an area set aside for members of a specific ethnicity) that was declared (nominally) independent by the apartheid regime of South Africa in 1977.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Botswana

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.

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Boun Oum

Prince Boun Oum (also Prince Boun Oum Na Champassak; ບຸນອຸ້ມ ນະ ຈຳປາສັກ; บุญอุ้ม ณ จัมปาศักดิ์;; 2 December 1912 – 17 March 1980) was the son of King Ratsadanay, and was the hereditary prince of Champassak and also Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos from March 1949 to February 1950 and again from December 1960 to June 1962.

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Brian Mulroney

Martin Brian Mulroney (March 20, 1939 – February 29, 2024) was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993.

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British Cameroon

British Cameroon or the British Cameroons was a British mandate territory in British West Africa, formed of the Northern Cameroons and Southern Cameroons.

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British Guiana

British Guiana was a British colony, part of the mainland British West Indies.

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British Honduras

British Honduras was a Crown colony on the east coast of Central America, south of Mexico, from 1783 to 1964, then a self-governing colony, renamed Belize in June 1973,, Caribbean Community.

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British Somaliland

British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate (Maxmiyadda Dhulka Soomaalida), was a protectorate of the United Kingdom in modern Somaliland.

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Brunei

Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo.

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Buganda

Buganda is a Bantu kingdom within Uganda.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

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Burhanuddin Rabbani

Burhānuddīn Rabbānī (برهان‌الدین ربانی; 20 September 1940 – 20 September 2011) was an Afghan politician and teacher who served as president of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996, and again from November to December 2001 (in exile from 1996 to 2001).

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Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa.

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Cameroon

Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa.

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Camille Chamoun

Camille Nimr Chamoun OM, ONC (كميل نمر شمعون, Kamīl Sham'ūn; 3 April 1900 – 7 August 1987) was a Lebanese politician who served as President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958.

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Carl Bildt

Nils Daniel Carl Bildt (born 15 July 1949) is a Swedish politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1991 to 1994.

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Carl XVI Gustaf

Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is King of Sweden.

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Carlo Azeglio Ciampi

Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (9 December 1920 – 16 September 2016) was an Italian politician, statesman and banker who was the prime minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and the president of Italy from 1999 to 2006.

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Carlos Menem

Carlos Saúl Menem (2 July 1930 – 14 February 2021) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as the president of Argentina from 1989 to 1999.

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Carlos Prío Socarrás

Carlos Manuel Prío Socarrás (July 14, 1903 – April 5, 1977) was a Cuban politician.

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Carlos Salinas de Gortari

Carlos Salinas de Gortari (born 3 April 1948) is a Mexican economist and politician with Spanish citizenship who served as the 60th president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994.

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César Gaviria

César Augusto Gaviria Trujillo (born 31 March 1947) is a Colombian economist and politician who served as the President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994, Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1994 to 2004 and National Director of the Colombian Liberal Party from 2005 to 2009.

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Côte d'Ivoire

Côte d'Ivoire, also known as Ivory Coast and officially known as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa.

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Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh

Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh (12 February 1911 – 21 March 1978) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, judge and barrister who served as the fifth president of Ireland from December 1974 to October 1976.

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Central African Empire

The Central African Empire (Empire centrafricain) was established on 4 December 1976 when the then-President of the Central African Republic, Jean-Bédel Bokassa, declared himself Emperor of Central Africa.

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Central African Republic

The Central African Republic (CAR), formerly known as Ubangi-Shari, is a landlocked country in Central Africa.

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Chad

Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of North and Central Africa.

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Chaim Weizmann

Chaim Azriel Weizmann 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Russian-born biochemist, Zionist leader and Israeli statesman who served as president of the Zionist Organization and later as the first president of Israel. He was elected on 16 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952. Weizmann was instrumental in obtaining the Balfour Declaration of 1917 and convincing the United States government to recognize the newly formed State of Israel in 1948.

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Chancellor of Austria

The chancellor of Austria, officially the federal chancellor the Republic of Austria, is the head of government of the Republic of Austria.

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Chandrika Kumaratunga

Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga (චන්ද්‍රිකා බණ්ඩාරනායක කුමාරතුංග; சந்திரிகா பண்டாரநாயக்க குமாரதுங்க; born 29 June 1945), commonly referred to by her initials CBK, is a Sri Lankan politician who served as the fourth executive president of Sri Lanka, from 12 November 1994 to 19 November 2005.

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Charles de Gaulle

Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French military officer and statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France.

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Charles Haughey

Charles James Haughey (16 September 1925 – 13 June 2006) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who led four governments as Taoiseach: December 1979 to June 1981, March to December 1982, March 1987 to June 1989, and June 1989 to February 1992.

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Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)

Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor (born 28 January 1948) is a Liberian former politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 22nd president of Liberia from 2 August 1997 until his resignation on 11 August 2003 as a result of the Second Liberian Civil War and growing international pressure.

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Chen Shui-bian

Chen Shui-bian (born 12 October 1950) is a Taiwanese former politician and lawyer who served as the 5th president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 2000 to 2008.

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Chiang Ching-kuo

Chiang Ching-kuo (27 April 1910 – 13 January 1988) was a politician of the Republic of China.

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Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 18875 April 1975) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and military commander.

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Christian Pineau

Christian Pineau (14 October 1904, in Chaumont-en-Bassigny, Haute-Marne, France – 5 April 1995, in Paris) was a noted French Resistance fighter, who later served an important term as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1956 through 1958.

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Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu

Chukwuemeka "Emeka" Odumegwu Ojukwu (4 November 1933 – 26 November 2011) was a Nigerian military officer and politician who served as President of the Republic of Biafra from 1967 to 1970 during the Nigerian Civil War.

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Clement Attlee

Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 18838 October 1967) was a British statesman and Labour Party politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.

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Comoros

The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean.

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Constantine II of Greece

Constantine II (Konstantínos II,; 2 June 1940 – 10 January 2023) was the last king of Greece, reigning from 6 March 1964 until the abolition of the Greek monarchy on 1 June 1973.

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Cook Islands

The Cook Islands (Rarotongan: Kūki ‘Airani; Kūki Airani) is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Corazon Aquino

Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a Filipino politician who served as the eleventh President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992.

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Costa Rica

Costa Rica (literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in the Central American region of North America.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.

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Cyprien Ntaryamira

Cyprien Ntaryamira (6 March 1955 – 6 April 1994) was a Burundian politician who served as President of Burundi from 5 February 1994 until his death two months later.

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Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Daniel arap Moi

Daniel Toroitich arap Moi (2 September 1924 – 4 February 2020) was a Kenyan politician who served as the second president of Kenya from 1978 to 2002.

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Daniel Ortega

José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (born 11 November 1945) is a Nicaraguan politician and the 58th president of Nicaragua since 2007.

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Davíð Oddsson

Davíð Oddsson (pronounced; born 17 January 1948) is an Icelandic politician, and the longest-serving prime minister of Iceland, in office from 1991 to 2004.

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David Ben-Gurion

David Ben-Gurion (דָּוִד בֶּן־גּוּרִיּוֹן; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel as well as its first prime minister.

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David Lange

David Russell Lange (4 August 1942 – 13 August 2005) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 32nd prime minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989.

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Dương Văn Minh

Dương Văn Minh (16 February 19166 August 2001), popularly known as Big Minh, was a South Vietnamese politician and a senior general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and a politician during the presidency of Ngô Đình Diệm.

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Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA), renamed the Republic of Afghanistan in 1987, was the Afghan state during the one-party rule of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) from 1978 to 1992.

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Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Zaire, or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country in Central Africa.

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Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989.

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Denis Sassou Nguesso

Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician and former military officer who became president of the Republic of the Congo in 1997.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe.

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Dependent territory

A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state and remains politically outside the controlling state's integral area.

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Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic is a North American country on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north.

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Dries van Agt

Andreas Antonius Maria "Dries" van Agt (2 February 1931 – 5 February 2024) was a Dutch politician, jurist and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 19 December 1977 until 4 November 1982.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

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East Germany

East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990.

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Ecuador

Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west.

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Edgar Faure

Edgar Jean Faure (18 August 1908 – 30 March 1988) was a French politician, lawyer, essayist, historian and memoirist who served as Prime Minister of France in 1952 and again between 1955 and 1956.

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Eduard von Steiger

Eduard von Steiger (2 July 1881, in Langnau im Emmental – 10 February 1962) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1940–1951).

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Eduardo Frei Montalva

Eduardo Nicanor Frei Montalva (16 January 1911 – 22 January 1982) was a Chilean political leader.

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Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle

Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz–Tagle (born 24 June 1942) is a Chilean politician and civil engineer who served as president of Chile from 1994 to 2000.

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Edward Gierek

Edward Gierek (6 January 1913 – 29 July 2001) was a Polish communist politician who served as the de facto leader of the Polish People's Republic between 1970 and 1980.

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Edward Heath

Sir Edward Richard George Heath (9 July 1916 – 17 July 2005), commonly known as Ted Heath, was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975.

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Efraín Ríos Montt

José Efraín Ríos Montt (16 June 1926 – 1 April 2018) was a Guatemalan military officer, politician, and dictator who served as de facto President of Guatemala from 1982 to 1983.

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Egon Krenz

Egon Rudi Ernst Krenz (born 19 March 1937) is a German former politician who was the last Communist leader of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) during the Revolutions of 1989.

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Ehud Barak

Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק; born Ehud Brog; 12 February 1942) is an Israeli former general and politician who served as the tenth prime minister from 1999 to 2001.

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Einar Gerhardsen

Einar Henry Gerhardsen (10 May 1897 – 19 September 1987) was a Norwegian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Norway from 1945 to 1951, 1955 to 1963 and 1963 to 1965.

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Eisaku Satō

was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1964 to 1972.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America.

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Elisabeth Domitien

Elisabeth Domitien (1925 – 26 April 2005) served as the prime minister of the Central African Republic from 1975 to 1976.

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Emirate of Ajman

The Emirate of Ajman (إمارة عجمان) (Gulf Arabic: إمارة عيمان emāratʿymān) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates.

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Emirate of Sharjah

The Emirate of Sharjah (إِمَارَة ٱلشَّارِقَة) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates, which covers and has a population of over 1,400,000 (2015).

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Emperor of Japan

The emperor of Japan is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan.

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Enver Hoxha

Enver Hoxha (16 October 190811 April 1985) was an Albanian communist politician who was the ruler of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985.

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Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea (Guinea Ecuatorial; Guinée équatoriale; Guiné Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (República de Guinea Ecuatorial, République de Guinée équatoriale, República da Guiné Equatorial), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa, with an area of.

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Eric Williams

Eric Eustace Williams (25 September 1911 – 29 March 1981) was a Trinidad and Tobago politician.

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Erich Honecker

Erich Ernst Paul Honecker (25 August 1912 – 29 May 1994) was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1971 until shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989.

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Ernesto Zedillo

Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (born 27 December 1951) is a Mexican economist and politician.

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Ernst Brugger

Ernst Brugger (10 March 1914, in Bellinzona – 20 June 1998) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1969–1978).

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Erskine Hamilton Childers

Erskine Hamilton Childers (11 December 1905 – 17 November 1974) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the fourth president of Ireland from June 1973 to November 1974.

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Esko Aho

Esko Tapani Aho (born 20 May 1954) is a Finnish politician who was prime minister of Finland from 1991 to 1995.

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Eswatini

Eswatini (eSwatini), officially the Kingdom of Eswatini and also known by its former official name Swaziland and formerly the Kingdom of Swaziland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.

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Eurico Gaspar Dutra

Eurico Gaspar Dutra (18 May 1883 – 11 June 1974) was a Brazilian military leader and politician who served as the 16th president of Brazil from 1946 to 1951.

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F. W. de Klerk

Frederik Willem de Klerk (18 March 1936 – 11 November 2021) was a South African politician who served as state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as deputy president from 1994 to 1996.

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Fahd of Saudi Arabia

Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (translit; 1920, 1921 or 1923 – 1 August 2005) was King and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 13 June 1982 until his death in 2005.

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Faisal of Saudi Arabia

Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (فيصل بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود Fayṣal ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz Āl Suʿūd, Najdi Arabic pronunciation:; 14 April 1906 – 25 March 1975) was a Saudi Arabian statesman and diplomat who was King of Saudi Arabia from 2 November 1964 until his assassination in 1975.

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Farouk of Egypt

Farouk I (فاروق الأول Fārūq al-Awwal; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936 and reigning until his overthrow in a military coup in 1952.

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Federated States of Micronesia

The Federated States of Micronesia (abbreviated FSM), or simply Micronesia, is an island country in Micronesia, a subregion of Oceania.

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Felipe González

Felipe González Márquez (born 5 March 1942) is a Spanish lawyer, professor, and politician, who was the Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from 1974 to 1997, and the 3rd Prime Minister of Spain since the restoration of democracy, from 1982 to 1996.

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Ferdinand Marcos

--> Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician, dictator and kleptocrat who served as the tenth president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986.

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Fernando Collor de Mello

Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (born 12 August 1949) is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate.

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Fernando Henrique Cardoso

Fernando Henrique Cardoso (born 18 June 1931), also known by his initials FHC, is a Brazilian sociologist, professor, and politician who served as the 34th president of Brazil from 1 January 1995 to 1 January 2003.

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Fidel Castro

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008.

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Fidel Sánchez Hernández

Fidel Sánchez Hernández (7 July 1917 – 28 February 2003) was a Salvadoran military officer and politician who served as president of El Salvador from 1967 to 1972.

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Fiji

Fiji (Viti,; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, Fijī), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

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Flavio Cotti

Flavio Cotti (18 October 193916 December 2020) was a Swiss politician who served as member of the Federal Council from 1986 to 1999.

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François Duvalier

François Duvalier (14 April 190721 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician who served as the president of Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971.

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François Mitterrand

François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 19168 January 1996) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest holder of that position in the history of France.

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François Tombalbaye

François Tombalbaye (فرنسوا تومبالباي; 15 June 1918 – 13 April 1975), also known as N'Garta Tombalbaye, was a Chadian politician who served as the first President of Chad from the country's independence in 1960 until his overthrow in 1975.

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Francesco Cossiga

Francesco Maurizio Cossiga (Frantziscu Maurìtziu Còssiga,; 1928 – 2010).

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo.

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Francoist Spain

Francoist Spain (España franquista), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (dictadura franquista), was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title Caudillo.

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Franjo Tuđman

Franjo Tuđman (14 May 1922 – 10 December 1999) was a Croatian politician and historian who became the first president of Croatia, from 1990 until his death.

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Frederick Chiluba

Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (30 April 1943 – 18 June 2011) was a Zambian politician who was the second president of Zambia from 1991 to 2002.

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Frederik IX

Frederik IX (Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg; 11 March 1899 – 14 January 1972) was King of Denmark from 1947 to 1972.

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French Algeria

French Algeria (Alger until 1839, then Algérie afterwards; unofficially Algérie française, الجزائر المستعمرة), also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of Algerian history when the country was a colony and later an integral part of France.

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French Equatorial Africa

French Equatorial Africa (Afrique équatoriale française, or AEF) was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad.

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French Fifth Republic

The Fifth Republic (Cinquième République) is France's current republican system of government.

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French Guinea

French Guinea (Guinée française) was a French colonial possession in West Africa.

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French Sudan

French Sudan (Soudan français; السودان الفرنسي) was a French colonial territory in the Federation of French West Africa from around 1880 until 1959, when it joined the Mali Federation, and then in 1960, when it became the independent state of Mali.

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French West Africa

French West Africa (Afrique-Occidentale française, italic) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger.

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Friedrich Traugott Wahlen

Friedrich Traugott Wahlen (10 April 1899, in Mirchel, Canton of Bern – 7 November 1985, in Bern) was a Swiss agronomist and politician.

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Fritz Honegger

Fritz Honegger (25 July 1917 – 4 March 1999) was a Swiss politician.

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Fuad II of Egypt

Fuad II (full name: Ahmed Fuad bin Farouk bin Ahmed Fuad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad Ali; born 16 January 1952), or alternatively Ahmed Fuad II, is a member of the Egyptian Muhammad Ali dynasty.

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Fulgencio Batista

Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and as a military dictator from 1952 until his overthrow in the Cuban Revolution in 1959.

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Gabon

Gabon (Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (République gabonaise), is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, on the equator, bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo on the east and south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the west.

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Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970.

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Garret FitzGerald

Garret Desmond FitzGerald (9 February 192619 May 2011) was an Irish Fine Gael politician, public intellectual, economist and barrister who served twice as Taoiseach, serving from 1981 to 1982 and 1982 to 1987.

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Gaston Eyskens

Gaston François Marie, Viscount Eyskens (1 April 1905 – 3 January 1988) was a Christian democratic politician and prime minister of Belgium.

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Göran Persson

Hans Göran Persson (born 20 January 1949) is a Swedish politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006 and leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2007.

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General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party

The General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, is the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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George Cadle Price

George Cadle Price (15 January 191919 September 2011) was a Belizean statesman who served as the head of government of Belize from 1961 to 1984 and 1989 to 1993.

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George H. W. Bush

George Herbert Walker BushAfter the 1990s, he became more commonly known as George H. W. Bush, "Bush Senior," "Bush 41," and even "Bush the Elder" to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd U.S. president from 2001 to 2009; previously, he was usually referred to simply as George Bush.

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George VI

George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952.

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Georges Pompidou

Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (5 July 19112 April 1974) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1969 to his death in 1974.

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Georges-André Chevallaz

Georges-André Chevallaz (7 February 1915 – 8 September 2002) was a Swiss historian, politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974–1983).

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Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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Ghana

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa.

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Goh Chok Tong

Goh Chok Tong (born 20 May 1941) is a Singaporean former politician who served as the second Prime Minister of Singapore from 1990 to 2004 and Secretary-General of the People's Action Party (PAP) from 1992 to 2004.

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Gold Coast (British colony)

The Gold Coast was a British Crown colony on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa from 1821 until its independence in 1957 as Ghana.

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Golda Meir

Golda Meir (3 May 1898 – 8 December 1978) was an Israeli politician who served as the fourth prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974.

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Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada

Gonzalo Daniel Sánchez de Lozada Sánchez Bustamante (born 1 July 1930), often referred to as Goni, is a Bolivian businessman and politician who served as the 61st president of Bolivia from 1993 to 1997 and from 2002 to 2003.

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Gough Whitlam

Edward Gough Whitlam (11 July 191621 October 2014) was the 21st prime minister of Australia, serving from 1972 to 1975.

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Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Gro Harlem Brundtland

Gro Brundtland (born Gro Harlem, 20 April 1939) is a Norwegian politician (Arbeiderpartiet), who served three terms as the 29th prime minister of Norway (1981, 1986–1989, and 1990–1996), as the leader of the Labour Party from 1981 to 1992, and as the director-general of the World Health Organization from 1998 to 2003.

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Guinea

Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea (République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa.

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Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau (Guiné-Bissau; script; Mandinka: ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ Gine-Bisawo), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (República da Guiné-Bissau), is a country in West Africa that covers with an estimated population of 2,026,778.

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Gulbuddin Hekmatyar

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (born 1 August 1949) is an Afghan politician, and former mujahideen leader and drug trafficker.

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Gustav Heinemann

Gustav Walter Heinemann (23 July 1899 – 7 July 1976) was a German politician who was President of West Germany from 1969 to 1974.

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Guy Verhofstadt

Guy Maurice Marie Louise Verhofstadt (born 11 April 1953) is a Belgian liberal and European federalist politician.

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Gyanendra of Nepal

Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (born 7 July 1947) was the last king of Nepal, reigning from 2001 to 2008.

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Haakon VII

Haakon VII (3 August 187221 September 1957) was King of Norway from 18 November 1905 until his death in 1957.

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Hafez al-Assad

Hafez al-Assad (6 October 193010 June 2000) was a Syrian statesman, military officer and revolutionary who served as the 18th president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000.

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Hafizullah Amin

Hafizullah Amin (حفيظ الله امين; 1 August 192927 December 1979) was an Afghan communist head of state, who served in that position for a little over three months, from September 1979 until his assassination.

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Haile Selassie

Haile Selassie I (Power of the Trinity; born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 189227 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974.

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Haiti

Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas.

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Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani

Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani (حمد بن خليفة آل ثاني; born 1 January 1952) is a member of the ruling Al Thani Qatari royal family.

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Hammer DeRoburt

Hammer DeRoburt (25 September 1922 – 15 July 1992) was the first President of the Republic of Nauru, and ruled the country for most of its first twenty years of independence.

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Hans Hürlimann

Hans Hürlimann (6 April 1918 – 22 February 1994) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974–1982).

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Hans Schaffner

Hans Schaffner (16 December 1908, in Interlaken – 26 November 2004 in Bern) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1961–1970).

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Hans Streuli

Hans Streuli (13 July 1892 – 23 May 1970) was a Swiss politician.

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Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein

Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius; born 14 February 1945) is the Prince of Liechtenstein.

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Hans-Peter Tschudi

Hans-Peter Tschudi (22 October 1913 – 30 September 2002) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1959–1973) heading the Department of Home Affairs (Swiss interior minister).

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Harald V

Harald V (Harald den femte,; born 21 February 1937) is King of Norway.

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Harold Holt

Harold Edward Holt (5 August 190817 December 1967) was an Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 17th prime minister of Australia from 1966 until his disappearance and presumed death in 1967.

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Harold Macmillan

Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963.

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Harold Wilson

James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British statesman and Labour Party politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1964 to 1970 and again from 1974 to 1976.

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Harri Holkeri

Harri Hermanni Holkeri (6 January 1937 – 7 August 2011) was a Finnish statesman representing the National Coalition Party of Finland (Kokoomus / Samlingspartiet).

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Hastings Banda

Hastings Kamuzu Banda (– 25 November 1997) was the leader of Malawi from 1964 to 1994.

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Hayato Ikeda

was a Japanese bureaucrat and later politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1960 to 1964.

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Head of government

In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.

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Head of state

A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.

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Heinrich Lübke

Karl Heinrich Lübke (14 October 1894 – 6 April 1972) was a German politician, who served as president of West Germany from 1959 to 1969.

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Helmut Kohl

Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (3 April 1930 – 16 June 2017) was a German politician who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1982 to 1990, Chancellor of Germany from 1990 to 1998 and Leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998.

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Helmut Schmidt

Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (23 December 1918 – 10 November 2015) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), who served as the chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982.

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Hirohito

Hirohito (29 April 19017 January 1989), posthumously honored as Emperor Shōwa, was the 124th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 1926 until his death in 1989.

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Hissène Habré

Hissène Habré (Arabic: حسين حبري Ḥusaīn Ḥabrī, Chadian Arabic:;; 13 August 1942 – 24 August 2021), also spelled Hissen Habré, was a Chadian politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 5th president of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.

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History of Barbados

Barbados is an island country in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, situated about east of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

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History of Dominica

The first written records in the history of Dominica began in November 1493, when Christopher Columbus spotted the island.

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History of Niue

The history of Niue is the history of the area and people of Niue, including its indigenous Polynesian societies.

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History of Paraguay

The history of Paraguay encompasses thousands of years of human habitation.

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History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

The indigenous inhabitants of the islands of St. Vincent and the Grenadines were various Amerindian groups.

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History of the Comoros

The history of the Comoros extends back to about 800–1000 AD when the archipelago was first inhabited.

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History of the Maldives

The history of the Maldives is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent and the surrounding regions, comprising the areas of South Asia and Indian Ocean.

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Ho Chi Minh

italic (19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), colloquially known as Uncle Ho (Bác Hồ) or just Uncle (Bác), and by other aliases and sobriquets, was a Vietnamese communist revolutionary, nationalist, and politician.

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Honduras

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America.

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Hosni Mubarak

Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.

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Hu Yaobang

Hu Yaobang (20 November 1915 – 15 April 1989) was a Chinese politician who was a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China.

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Hua Guofeng

Hua Guofeng (born Su Zhu; 16 February 1921 – 20 August 2008) was a Chinese politician who served as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and Premier of China.

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Hugo Banzer

Hugo Banzer Suárez (10 May 1926 – 5 May 2002) was a Bolivian politician and military officer who served as the 51st president of Bolivia.

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Hugo Chávez

Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician and military officer who served as the 47th president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013, except for a brief period of forty-seven hours in 2002.

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Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Hussein of Jordan

Hussein bin Talal (translit; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999.

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Ian Smith

Ian Douglas Smith (8 April 191920 November 2007) was a Rhodesian politician, farmer, and fighter pilot who served as Prime Minister of Rhodesia (known as Southern Rhodesia until October 1964 and now known as Zimbabwe) from 1964 to 1979.

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Ibn Saud

Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (translit; 15 January 1876Ibn Saud's birth year has been a source of debate. It is generally accepted as 1876, although a few sources give it as 1880. According to British author Robert Lacey's book The Kingdom, a leading Saudi historian found records that show Ibn Saud in 1891 greeting an important tribal delegation.

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Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara

General Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara (9 May 1949 – 9 April 1999) was a Nigerien military officer and diplomat who ruled Niger from 1996 until his assassination.

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Iceland

Iceland (Ísland) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe.

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Ichirō Hatoyama

was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1954 to 1956.

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Idi Amin

Idi Amin Dada Oumee (30 May 192816 August 2003) was a Ugandan military officer and politician who served as the third president of Uganda from 1971 to 1979.

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Imre Nagy

Imre Nagy (7 June 1896 – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (de facto Prime Minister) of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1953 to 1955.

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Indira Gandhi

Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (''née'' Indira Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and stateswoman who served as the prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984.

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Indonesia

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.

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Ingvar Carlsson

Gösta Ingvar Carlsson (born 9 November 1934) is a Swedish politician who twice served as Prime Minister of Sweden, first from 1986 to 1991 and again from 1994 to 1996.

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Ion Iliescu

Ion Iliescu (born 3 March 1930) is a Romanian politician and engineer who served as President of Romania from 1989 until 1996 and from 2000 until 2004.

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Ionatana Ionatana

Ionatana Ionatana, CVO OBE CPM (5 November 1938 – 8 December 2000), was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Isabel Perón

Isabel Martínez de Perón (born María Estela Martínez Cartas; 4 February 1931) is an Argentine former politician who served as the 46th President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976.

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Islamic State of Afghanistan

The Islamic State of Afghanistan was established by the Peshawar Accords of 26 April 1992.

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Jack Lynch

John Mary Lynch (15 August 1917 – 20 October 1999) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach from 1966 to 1973 and 1977 to 1979, Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1966 to 1979, Leader of the Opposition from 1973 to 1977, Minister for Finance from 1965 to 1966, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1959 to 1965, Minister for Education 1957 to 1959, Minister for the Gaeltacht from March 1957 to June 1957, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Lands and Parliamentary Secretary to the Government from 1951 to 1954.

See List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) and Jack Lynch

Jacobo Árbenz

Juan Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán (14 September 191327 January 1971) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the 25th president of Guatemala.

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Jacques Chirac

Jacques René Chirac (29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007.

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Jacques Santer

Jacques Santer (born 18 May 1937) is a Luxembourgish politician who served as the ninth president of the European Commission from 1995 to 1999.

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Jamaica

Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At, it is the third largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the island containing Haiti and the Dominican Republic), and south-east of the Cayman Islands (a British Overseas Territory).

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James Callaghan

Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff (27 March 191226 March 2005), commonly known as Jim Callaghan, was a British statesman and Labour politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1976 to 1980.

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Jamil Al Midfai

Jamil Al Midfai (Arabic: جميل المدفعي; (1958 – 1890)) was an Iraqi politician.

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Jan P. Syse

(25 November 1930 – 17 September 1997) was a Norwegian lawyer and politician from the Conservative Party.

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Janez Drnovšek

Janez Drnovšek (17 May 1950 – 23 February 2008) was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1989–1990), Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2002, with a short break in 2000) and President of Slovenia (2002–2007).

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat, author and statesman who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century.

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Jean Chrétien

Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (January 11, 1934) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 20th prime minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003.

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Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo

Jean-Baptiste Philippe Ouédraogo (born 30 June 1942), also referred to by his initials JBO, is a Burkinabé physician and retired military officer who served as President of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) from 8 November 1982 to 4 August 1983.

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Jean-Bédel Bokassa

Jean-Bédel Bokassa (22 February 1921 – 3 November 1996) was a Central African political and military leader.

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Jean-Bertrand Aristide

Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 15 July 1953) is a Haitian former Salesian priest and politician who became Haiti's first democratically elected president.

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Jean-Claude Duvalier

Jean-Claude Duvalier (3 July 19514 October 2014), nicknamed "Baby Doc" (Bébé Doc, Bebe Dòk), was a Haitian politician who was the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in February 1986.

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Jean-Luc Dehaene

Jean Luc Joseph Marie "Jean-Luc" Dehaene (7 August 1940 – 15 May 2014) was a Belgian politician who served as the prime minister of Belgium from 1992 until 1999.

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Jean-Pascal Delamuraz

Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1 April 1936, in Vevey – 4 October 1998 in Lausanne) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1983–1998).

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Jelle Zijlstra

Jelle Zijlstra (27 August 1918 – 23 December 2001) was a Dutch politician of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and economist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 November 1966 until 5 April 1967.

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Jens Stoltenberg

Jens Stoltenberg, OMC (born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician who has been serving as the 13th secretary general of NATO since 2014.

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Jiang Zemin

Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003.

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Jimmy Carter

James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981.

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Jo Cals

Jozef Maria Laurens Theo "Jo" Cals (18 July 1914 – 30 December 1971) was a Dutch politician of the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 14 April 1965 until 22 November 1966.

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Joaquín Balaguer

Joaquín Antonio Balaguer Ricardo (1 September 1906 – 14 July 2002) was a Dominican politician, scholar, writer, and lawyer.

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Joe Clark

Charles Joseph Clark (born June 5, 1939) is a Canadian businessman, writer, and politician who served as the 16th prime minister of Canada from 1979 to 1980.

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Johannes Rau

Johannes Rau (16 January 193127 January 2006) was a German politician (SPD).

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Johannes Virolainen

Johannes Virolainen (born 31 January 1914 in Rural municipality of Viipuri, died 11 December 2000 in Lohja) was a Finnish politician and who served as 30th Prime Minister of Finland, helped inhabitants of Karelia, opposed the use of alcohol and created Mandatory Swedish in Finnish basic schools.

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John A. Costello

John Aloysius Costello (20 June 1891 – 5 January 1976) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Taoiseach from 1948 to 1951 and from 1954 to 1957, Leader of the Opposition from 1951 to 1954 and from 1957 to 1959, and Attorney General of Ireland from 1926 to 1932.

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John Bruton

John Gerard Bruton (18 May 1947 – 6 February 2024) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Taoiseach from 1994 to 1997 and Leader of Fine Gael from 1990 to 2001.

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John Diefenbaker

John George Diefenbaker (September 18, 1895 – August 16, 1979) was a Canadian politician who served as the 13th prime minister of Canada, from 1957 to 1963.

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John Gorton

Sir John Grey Gorton (9 September 1911 – 19 May 2002) was an Australian politician, farmer and airman who served as the 19th prime minister of Australia from 1968 to 1971.

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John J. McCloy

John Jay McCloy (March 31, 1895 – March 11, 1989) was an American lawyer, diplomat, banker, and presidential advisor.

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John Lyng

(22 August 1905 – 18 January 1978) was a Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party.

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John Major

Sir John Major (born 29 March 1943) is a British former politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997.

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John McEwen

Sir John McEwen (29 March 1900 – 20 November 1980) was an Australian politician and farmer who served as the 18th prime minister of Australia from 1967 to 1968, in a caretaker capacity following the disappearance of prime minister Harold Holt.

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John Turner

John Napier Wyndham Turner (June 7, 1929September 19, 2020) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 17th prime minister of Canada from June to September 1984.

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Jomo Kenyatta

Jomo Kenyatta (22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978.

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Jonas Savimbi

Jonas Malheiro Savimbi (3 August 1934 – 22 February 2002) was an Angolan revolutionary, politician, and rebel military leader who founded and led the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).

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Joop den Uyl

Johannes Marten den Uijl, better known as Joop den Uyl (9 August 1919 – 24 December 1987) was a Dutch politician and economist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1973 to 1977.

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Jorge Rafael Videla

Jorge Rafael Videla (2 August 1925 – 17 May 2013) was an Argentine military officer and dictator who was the 47th President of Argentina and as well as the 1st President of the National Reorganisation Process from 1976 to 1981.

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José María Aznar

José María Alfredo Aznar López (born 25 February 1953) is a Spanish politician who was the prime minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004.

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José Sarney

José Sarney de Araújo Costa (born José Ribamar Ferreira de Araújo Costa; 24 April 1930) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and writer who served as 31st president of Brazil from 1985 to 1990.

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Joseph Estrada

Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born Jose Marcelo Ejercito; April 19, 1937), also known by the nickname Erap, is a Filipino politician and former actor, who served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, the 9th Vice President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998, and the 21st Mayor of Manila, the country's capital from 2013 to 2019, also served as the 14th Mayor of San Juan from 1969 to 1986.

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Joseph Kasa-Vubu

Joseph Kasa-Vubu, alternatively Joseph Kasavubu, (– 24 March 1969) was a Congolese politician who served as the first President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the Republic of the Congo until 1964) from 1960 until 1965.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Josip Broz Tito

Josip Broz (Јосип Броз,; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (Тито), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980.

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Juan Carlos I

Juan Carlos I (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 November 1975 until his abdication on 19 June 2014.

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Juho Kusti Paasikivi

Juho Kusti Paasikivi (27 November 1870 – 14 December 1956) was a Finnish politician who served as the seventh president of Finland from 1946 to 1956.

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Juliana of the Netherlands

Juliana (Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980.

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Julius Chan

Sir Julius Chan (born 29 August 1939) is a Papua New Guinean politician who served as Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982 and from 1994 to 1997.

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Julius Raab

Julius Raab (29 November 1891 – 8 January 1964) was a conservative Austrian politician who served as Federal Chancellor of Austria from 1953 to 1961.

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Juvénal Habyarimana

Juvénal Habyarimana (8 March 19376 April 1994) was a Rwandan politician and military officer who was the second president of Rwanda, from 1973 until his assassination in 1994.

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K. R. Narayanan

Kocheril Raman Narayanan (27 October 1920 – 9 November 2005) was an Indian statesman, diplomat, academic, and politician who served as the ninth vice president of India from 1992 to 1997 and tenth president of India from 1997 to 2002.

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Kakuei Tanaka

was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1972 to 1974.

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Kalevi Sorsa

Taisto Kalevi Sorsa (21December 193016January 2004) was a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland three times: 1972–1975, 1977–1979 and 1982–1987.

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Karl Carstens

Karl Carstens (14 December 1914 – 30 May 1992) was a German politician.

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Karl Kobelt

Karl Kobelt (1 August 1891, in St. Gallen – 5 January 1968) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council.

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Kaspar Villiger

Kaspar Villiger (born 5 February 1941) is a Swiss businessman, former tobacco manufacturer and politician.

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Kaysone Phomvihane

Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ, pronounced ˈ kɑɪsɒn ˈˈpɒmvɪhɑːn; 13 December 1920 – 21 November 1992) was the first leader of the Communist Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955 until his death in 1992.

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Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.

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Kåre Willoch

Kåre Isaachsen Willoch (3 October 1928 – 6 December 2021) was a Norwegian politician who served as the 30th prime minister of Norway from 1981 to 1986 and as leader of the Conservative Party from 1970 to 1974.

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Keith Holyoake

Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake, (11 February 1904 – 8 December 1983) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 26th prime minister of New Zealand, serving for a brief period in 1957 and then from 1960 to 1972, and also as the 13th governor-general of New Zealand, serving from 1977 to 1980.

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Kenneth Kaunda

Kenneth Kaunda (28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021), also known as KK, was a Zambian politician who served as the first president of Zambia from 1964 to 1991.

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Kenya

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa.

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Khmer Republic

The Khmer Republic (សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ,; République khmère) was a Cambodian state under the United States-backed military dictatorship of Marshal Lon Nol from 1970 to 1975.

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Kiichi Miyazawa

was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1991 to 1993.

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Kim Dae-jung

Kim Dae-jung (6 January 192418 August 2009) was a South Korean politician and activist who served as the 8th (15th election) president of South Korea from 1998 to 2003.

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Kim Jong Il

Kim Jong Il (born Yuri Irsenovich Kim; 16 February 1941 or 1942 – 17 December 2011) was a North Korean politician who was the second supreme leader of North Korea.

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Kingdom of Laos

The Kingdom of Laos was the form of government in Laos from 1947 to 1975.

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Kingdom of Nepal

The Kingdom of Nepal (नेपाल अधिराज्य) was a Hindu kingdom in South Asia, formed in 1768 by the expansion of the Gorkha Kingdom, which lasted until 2008 when the kingdom became the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.

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Kiribati

Kiribati, officially the Republic of Kiribati (Ribaberiki Kiribati),.

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Kjell Magne Bondevik

Kjell Magne Bondevik (born 3 September 1947) is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician.

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Klement Gottwald

Klement Gottwald (23 November 1896 – 14 March 1953) was a Czech communist politician, who was the leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1929 until his death in 1953 – titled as general secretary until 1945 and as chairman from 1945 to 1953.

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Kliment Voroshilov

Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (Климент Ефремович Ворошилов; Klyment Okhrimovych Voroshylov), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (Клим Ворошилов; 4 February 1881 – 2 December 1969), was a prominent Soviet military officer and politician during the Stalin-era.

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Konrad Adenauer

Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1963.

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Konstantin Chernenko

Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (24 September 1911 – 10 March 1985) was a Soviet politician and the seventh General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Kristján Eldjárn

Kristján Eldjárn (6 December 1916 – 14 September 1982) was the third president of Iceland, from 1968 to 1980.

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Kurt Furgler

Kurt Furgler (24 June 1924 – 23 July 2008) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1972–1986).

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Kurt Georg Kiesinger

Kurt Georg Kiesinger (6 April 1904 – 9 March 1988) was a German politician who served as the chancellor of West Germany from 1 December 1966 to 21 October 1969.

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Kurt Waldheim

Kurt Josef Waldheim (21 December 1918 – 14 June 2007) was an Austrian politician and diplomat.

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Kwame Nkrumah

Francis Kwame Nkrumah (21 September 1909 – 27 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary.

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Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.

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Lal Bahadur Shastri

Lal Bahadur Shastri (born Lal Bahadur Srivastava; 2 October 190411 January 1966) was an Indian politician and statesman who served as the prime minister of India from 1964 to 1966.

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Laos

Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country and one of the two Marxist-Leninist states in Southeast Asia.

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Lars Korvald

(29 April 1916 – 4 July 2006) was a Norwegian educator and school headmaster.

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Latvia

Latvia (Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Laurent Gbagbo

Koudou Laurent Gbagbo, FPI website.

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Laurent-Désiré Kabila

Laurent-Désiré Kabila (27 November 1939 – 16 January 2001) usually known as Laurent Kabila (US), was a Congolese rebel and politician who served as the third President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1997 until his assassination in 2001.

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Léopold Sédar Senghor

Léopold Sédar Senghor (9 October 1906 – 20 December 2001) was a Senegalese poet, politician, and cultural theorist who was the first president of Senegal (1960–1980).

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Lê Duẩn

Lê Duẩn (7 April 1907 – 10 July 1986) was a Vietnamese communist politician.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

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Lee Kuan Yew

Lee Kuan Yew (born Harry Lee Kuan Yew; 16 September 1923 – 23 March 2015), often referred to by his initials LKY, was a Singaporean statesman and lawyer who served as the first Prime Minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990, and Secretary-General of the People's Action Party from 1954 to 1992.

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Lee Teng-hui

Lee Teng-hui (15 January 192330 July 2020) was a Taiwanese statesman and agriculturist who served as the 4th president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) under the 1947 Constitution and chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT) from 1988 to 2000.

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Leon Schlumpf

Leon Schlumpf (3 February 1925 – 7 July 2012) was a Swiss politician and a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1979–1987).

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Leonid Brezhnev

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (19 December 1906– 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 until his death in 1982, and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1977 to 1982.

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Leopold III of Belgium

Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951.

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Leopoldo Galtieri

Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli (15 July 1926 12 January 2003) was an Argentine general who served as President of Argentina from December 1981 to June 1982.

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Lesotho

Lesotho, formally the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.

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Levi Eshkol

Levi Eshkol (לוי אשכול;&lrm; 25 October 1895 – 26 February 1969), born Levi Yitzhak Shkolnik (לוי יצחק שקולניק), was an Israeli statesman who served as the third Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death from a heart attack in 1969.

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Li Peng

Li Peng (20 October 1928 – 22 July 2019) was a Chinese politician who served as the premier of China from 1987 to 1998, and as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) hierarchy behind then Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin.

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Liam Cosgrave

Liam Cosgrave (13 April 1920 – 4 October 2017) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Taoiseach from 1973 to 1977, Leader of Fine Gael from 1965 to 1977, Leader of the Opposition from 1965 to 1973, Minister for External Affairs from 1954 to 1957, and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce and Government Chief Whip from 1948 to 1951.

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Liberia

Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast.

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Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a doubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in the Central European Alps, between Austria in the east and north and Switzerland in the west and south.

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Lien Chan

Lien Chan (born 27 August 1936) is a Taiwanese politician.

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Lionel Jospin

Lionel Robert Jospin (born 12 July 1937) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.

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List of captains regent of San Marino

The Captains Regent (Italian: Capitani Reggenti;: Capitano Reggente) are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino.

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List of Danish monarchs

This is a list of Danish monarchs, that is, the kings and queen regnants of Denmark.

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List of emperors of Japan

Japan has been ruled by emperors since antiquity.

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List of heads of government of Denmark

The Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government of the Kingdom of Denmark and leader of the Cabinet.

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List of heads of government of Liechtenstein

The head of government of Liechtenstein (Regierungschef), known informally as the Prime Minister, is the chief executive of the Government of Liechtenstein and chairs the cabinet of Liechtenstein.

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List of heads of government of Norway

This is a list of heads of government of Norway.

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List of heads of government of Romania

This is a list consisting of all the heads of government of modern and contemporary Romania (i.e. prime ministers, both in full constitutional powers and acting or ad interim), since the establishment of the United Principalities in 1859 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Albania

This is a list of heads of state of Albania who have served since the Declaration of Independence of 1912.

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List of heads of state of Argentina

Argentina has had many different types of heads of state, as well as many different types of government.

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List of heads of state of Kenya

This is a list of the heads of state of Kenya, from the independence of Kenya in 1963 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Mexico

The President of Mexico is the person who controls the executive power in the country.

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List of heads of state of North Korea

The following is a list of heads of state of North Korea since its foundation in 1948.

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List of kings of Iraq

The king of Iraq (Malik al-‘Irāq) was Iraq's head of state and monarch from 1921 to 1958.

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List of monarchs of Liechtenstein

There have been 16 monarchs of the Principality of Liechtenstein since 1608.

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List of monarchs of Persia

This article lists the monarchs of Iran (Persia) from the establishment of the Medes around 678 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.

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List of Norwegian monarchs

The list of Norwegian monarchs (or kongerekka) begins in 872: the traditional dating of the Battle of Hafrsfjord, after which victorious King Harald Fairhair merged several petty kingdoms into that of his father.

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List of popes

This chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.

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List of Portuguese monarchs

This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution.

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List of presidents of Brazil

The president of the Federative Republic of Brazil is the chief executive of the government of Brazil and commander in chief of the country's Armed Forces.

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List of presidents of Chile

This article contains a list of presidents of Chile from the establishment of the first government junta in 1810, at the beginning of the Chilean War of Independence, to the present day.

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List of presidents of Colombia

Under the Colombian Constitution of 1991, the president of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia.

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List of presidents of Finland

The president of Finland is Finland's head of state.

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List of presidents of India

The president of India is the head of state of the Republic of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces.

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List of presidents of Iraq

This is a list of presidents of Iraq since the formation of the Iraqi Republic in 1958.

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List of presidents of Italy

The president of Italy (Presidente della Repubblica) is the head of state of the Italian Republic.

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List of presidents of Portugal

The complete list of presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 heads of state in the history of Portugal since the 5 October 1910 revolution that installed a republican regime.

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List of presidents of South Korea

The president of the Republic of Korea serves as the chief executive of the government of the Republic of Korea and the commander-in-chief of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces.

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List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation

Below is a list of presidents of the Swiss Confederation (1848–present).

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List of presidents of Turkey

The following is a complete list of people who held the office of President of Turkey.

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List of presidents of Venezuela

Under the Venezuelan Constitution, the president of Venezuela is the head of state and head of government of Venezuela.

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List of prime ministers of Belize

The following article contains a list of prime ministers of Belize and deputy prime ministers, from the establishment of the position of First Minister of British Honduras in 1961 to the present day.

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List of prime ministers of Canada

The prime minister of Canada is an official who serves as the primary minister of the Crown, chair of the Cabinet, and thus head of government of Canada.

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List of prime ministers of Finland

This is a list of prime ministers of Finland since the establishment of that office in 1917.

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List of prime ministers of France

The head of the government of France has been called the prime minister of France (French: Premier ministre) since 1959, when Michel Debré became the first officeholder appointed under the Fifth Republic.

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List of prime ministers of Greece

This is a list of the heads of government of the modern Greek state, from its establishment during the Greek Revolution to the present day.

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List of prime ministers of Iraq

This is a list of prime ministers of Iraq since 1920.

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List of prime ministers of Italy

The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government.

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List of prime ministers of Luxembourg

The prime minister of Luxembourg (Premierminister vu Lëtzebuerg; Premier ministre luxembourgeois; Premierminister von Luxemburg) is the head of government of Luxembourg.

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List of prime ministers of Portugal

The prime minister of the Portuguese Republic (primeiro-ministro da República Portuguesa) is the head of the Government of Portugal.

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List of prime ministers of Thailand

The prime minister of Thailand (นายกรัฐมนตรี;;, literally 'chief minister of state') is the head of government of Thailand.

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List of prime ministers of the United Arab Emirates

The Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates is the head of government of the federal government of the United Arab Emirates.

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List of rulers of Monaco

The following is a list of rulers of Monaco.

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List of Swedish monarchs

This list records the monarchs of Sweden, from the late Viking Age to the present day.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.

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Lon Nol

Marshal Lon Nol (លន់ នល់, also លន់ ណុល; 13 November 1913 – 17 November 1985) was a Cambodian politician and general who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia twice (1966–67; 1969–71), as well as serving repeatedly as defence minister and provincial governor.

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Louis St. Laurent

Louis Stephen St.

See List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) and Louis St. Laurent

Ludwig Erhard

Ludwig Wilhelm Erhard (4 February 1897 – 5 May 1977) was a German politician and economist affiliated with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), and chancellor of West Germany from 1963 until 1966.

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Ludwig von Moos

Ludwig von Moos (31 January 1910, in Sachseln – 26 November 1990, in Bern) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1959–1971).

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Luxembourg

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxemburg; Luxembourg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe.

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Lynden Pindling

Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling, KCMG, PC, NH, JP (22 March 193026 August 2000) was a Bahamian politician who is regarded by some as the "Father of the Nation", having led the Bahamas to majority rule and independence.

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Lyndon B. Johnson

Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969.

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Mahathir Mohamad

Mahathir bin Mohamad (italic;; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician, author, and doctor who served as the fourth and seventh Prime Minister of Malaysia.

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Mahendra of Nepal

Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव), (11 June 1920 – 31 January 1972) was the ninth King of Nepal from 13 March 1955 until his death in 1972, which was due to a heart attack, as told in an interview by his personal physician Dr.

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Malawi

Malawi (in Chichewa and Chitumbuka), officially the Republic of Malawi and formerly known as Nyasaland, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa.

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Malcolm Fraser

John Malcolm Fraser (21 May 1930 – 20 March 2015) was an Australian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Australia from 1975 to 1983.

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Maldives

The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, and historically known as the Maldive Islands, is a country and archipelagic state in South Asia in the Indian Ocean.

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Mali

Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa.

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Malta

Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Manuel A. Odría

Manuel Arturo Odría Amoretti (26 November 1896 – 18 February 1974) was a military officer who served as the 45th President of Peru.

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Manuel Noriega

Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (February 11, 1934 – May 29, 2017) was a Panamanian politician and military officer who was the de facto ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989.

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Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Marcos Pérez Jiménez

Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (25 April 1914 – 20 September 2001) was a Venezuelan military and general officer of the Army of Venezuela and the dictator of Venezuela from 1950 to 1958, ruling as member of the military junta from 1950 to 1952 and as president from 1952 to 1958.

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Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman and Conservative politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

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Margrethe II

Margrethe II (Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April 1940) is a member of the Danish royal family who reigned as Queen of Denmark from 14 January 1972 until her abdication on 14 January 2024.

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Marien Ngouabi

Marien Ngouabi (or N'Gouabi) (December 31, 1938 – March 18, 1977) was the fourth President of the Republic of the Congo from 1969 until his assassination in 1977.

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Mark Eyskens

Marc Maria Frans, Viscount Eyskens (born 29 April 1933), known as Mark Eyskens, is a Belgian economist, professor and politician in the Christian People's Party, now called Christian Democratic and Flemish, and briefly served as the prime minister of Belgium in 1981.

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Markus Feldmann

Markus Feldmann (21 May 1897, in Thun, Canton of Bern – 3 November 1958, in Bern) was a Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Federal Council (1951–1958).

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Marshall Islands

The Marshall Islands (Ṃajeḷ), officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Aolepān Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ), is an island country west of the International Date Line and north of the equator in the Micronesia region in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Martti Ahtisaari

Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (23 June 1937 – 16 October 2023) was a Finnish politician, the tenth president of Finland, from 1994 to 2000, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and a United Nations diplomat and mediator noted for his international peace work.

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Martti Miettunen

Martti Juhani Miettunen (17 April 1907 – 19 January 2002) was a Finnish politician who served twice as Finland's prime minister, from 1961 to 1962 and again from 1975 to 1977.

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Mary McAleese

Mary Patricia McAleese (Máire Pádraigín Mhic Ghiolla Íosa;; born 27 June 1951) is an Irish activist lawyer, academic, author, and former politician who served as the eighth president of Ireland from November 1997 to November 2011.

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Mary Robinson

Mary Therese Winifred Robinson (Máire Mhic Róibín;; born 21 May 1944) is an Irish politician who served as the seventh president of Ireland, holding the office from December 1990 to September 1997.

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Masayoshi Ōhira

was a Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 1978 to 1980.

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Maumoon Abdul Gayoom

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (މައުމޫން ޢަބްދުލް ޤައްޔޫމް) (born 29 December 1937) is a Maldivian politician and islamic scholar who served as President of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008.

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Mauno Koivisto

Mauno Henrik Koivisto (25 November 1923 – 12 May 2017) was a Finnish politician who served as the ninth president of Finland from 1982 to 1994.

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Mauritius

Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar.

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Max Petitpierre

Max Petitpierre (26 February 1899 – 25 March 1994) was a Swiss politician, jurist and member of the Swiss Federal Council, heading the Political Department (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) (1944-1961).

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Mehmet Shehu

Mehmet Ismail Shehu (January 10, 1913 – December 18, 1981) was an Albanian communist politician who served as the Prime Minister of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1954 to 1981.

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Menachem Begin

Menachem Begin (Menaḥem Begin,; Menachem Begin (Polish documents, 1931–1937);; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.

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Mengistu Haile Mariam

Mengistu Haile Mariam (መንግሥቱ ኀይለ ማርያም, pronunciation:; born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian former politician and former military officer who was the head of state of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991 and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia from 1984 to 1991.

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Michael Manley

Michael Norman Manley (10 December 1924 – 6 March 1997) was a Jamaican politician who served as the fourth prime minister of Jamaica from 1972 to 1980 and from 1989 to 1992.

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Michel Rocard

Michel Rocard (23 August 1930 – 2 July 2016) was a French politician and a member of the Socialist Party (PS).

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Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)

Michael Kenneth Moore (28 January 1949 – 2 February 2020) was a New Zealand politician, union organiser, and author.

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Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.

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Mikhail Kasyanov

Mikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov (mʲɪxɐˈil mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ kɐˈsʲjanəf; born 8 December 1957) is a Russian politician who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 2000 to 2004.

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Milton Margai

Sir Milton Augustus Strieby Margai (7 December 1895 – 28 April 1964) was a Sierra Leonean physician and politician who served as the country's head of government from 1954 until his death in 1964.

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Milton Obote

Apollo Milton Obote (28 December 1925 – 10 October 2005) was a Ugandan politician who served as the second prime minister of Uganda from 1962 to 1966 and the second president of Uganda from 1966 to 1971 and later from 1980 to 1985.

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Moïse Tshombe

Moïse Kapenda Tshombe (sometimes written Tshombé; 10 November 1919 – 29 June 1969) was a Congolese businessman and politician.

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Mobutu Sese Seko

Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa za Banga (born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997), often shortened to Mobutu Sese Seko or Mobutu and also known by his initials MSS, was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the 1st and only President of Zaire from 1971 to 1997.

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Mohammad Daoud Khan

Mohammad Daoud Khan (محمد داود خان; also romanized as Daud Khan or Dawood Khan; 18July 190928April 1978) was an Afghan military officer and politician who served as prime minister of Afghanistan from 1953 to 1963 and, as leader of the 1973 Afghan coup d'état which overthrew the monarchy, served as the first president of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in the Saur Revolution.

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Mohammad Khatami

Mohammad Khatami (Mohammad Khātami,; born 14 October 1943) is an Iranian reformist politician who served as the fifth president of Iran from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005.

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Mohammad Najibullah

Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai (Pashto/محمد نجیب‌الله احمدزی,; 6 August 1947 – 27 September 1996), commonly known as Dr.

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Mohammad Rabbani

Mullah Mohammad Rabbani Akhund (1955 – 16 April 2001) was one of the main leaders of the Taliban movement who served as Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001.

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Mohammad Zahir Shah

Mohammad Zahir Shah (Pashto/Dari: محمد ظاهر شاه; 15 October 1914 – 23 July 2007) was the last king of Afghanistan, reigning from 8 November 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973.

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Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi

Mohammed Hamza az-Zubeidi (1938 – December 2, 2005) (محمد حمزة الزبيدي) was an Iraqi military officer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Iraq from 1991 to 1993.

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Mohammed V of Morocco

Mohammed al-Khamis bin Yusef bin Hassan al-Alawi, better known simply Mohammed V (10 August 1909 – 26 February 1961), was the last Sultan of Morocco from 1927 to 1953 and from 1955 to 1957, and first King of Morocco from 1957 to 1961.

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Mohammed VI of Morocco

Mohammed VI (Muḥammad as-sādis; born 21 August 1963) is King of Morocco.

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Moldova

Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, on the northeastern corner of the Balkans.

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Monaco

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, on the Mediterranean Sea.

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Monarchy of Belgium

Belgium is a constitutional, hereditary and popular monarchy.

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Monarchy of Canada

The monarchy of Canada is Canada's form of government embodied by the Canadian sovereign and head of state.

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Monarchy of Luxembourg

The Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Groussherzog vu Lëtzebuerg, Grand-duc de Luxembourg, Großherzog von Luxemburg) is the head of state of Luxembourg.

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Monarchy of Spain

The monarchy of Spain or Spanish monarchy (Monarquía Española) is the constitutional form of government of Spain.

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Monarchy of Sweden

The monarchy of Sweden is centred on the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5.

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Monarchy of the United Kingdom

The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers regulated by the British Constitution.

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Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.

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Morihiro Hosokawa

is a Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 1993 to 1994, leading a coalition government which was the first non-Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) government of Japan since 1955.

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Morocco

Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

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Moshe Katsav

Moshe Katsav (משה קצב; born Musa Qassab; 5 December 1945) is an Israeli former politician who was the eighth President of Israel from 2000 to 2007.

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Moshe Sharett

Moshe Sharett (משה שרת; born Moshe Chertok; 15 October 1894 – 7 July 1965) was the second prime minister of Israel and the country’s first foreign minister.

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Mozambique

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Africa to the southwest.

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Muammar Gaddafi

Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (20 October 2011) was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist who ruled Libya from 1969 until his assassination by rebel forces in 2011.

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Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 192417 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer who served as the sixth president of Pakistan from 1978 until his death.

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Mullah Omar

Mullah Muhammad Omar (196023 April 2013) was an Afghan mujahideen commander, revolutionary, and the cleric who founded the Taliban.

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Murtala Muhammed

Murtala Ramat Muhammed (8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a Nigerian general and head of state, who led the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup in overthrowing the Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi military regime and featured prominently during the Nigerian Civil War and thereafter ruled Nigeria from 29 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 February 1976.

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Mwai Kibaki

Emilio Stanley Mwai Kibaki (15 November 1931 – 21 April 2022) was a Kenyan politician who served as the third President of Kenya from December 2002 until April 2013.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest.

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Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa.

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Nauru

Nauru (or; Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru (Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Micronesia, part of Oceania in the Central Pacific.

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Ne Win

Ne Win (နေဝင်း;; 24 May 1911 – 5 December 2002), born Shu Maung, was a Burmese army general, politician and military commander who served as Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974, and also President of Burma from 1962 to 1981.

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Nello Celio

Nello Celio (12 February 1914 – 29 December 1995) was a Swiss politician from the Canton of Ticino.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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Netherlands Antilles

The Netherlands Antilles (Nederlandse Antillen,; Antia Hulandes) was a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

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New Hebrides

New Hebrides, officially the New Hebrides Condominium (Condominium des Nouvelles-Hébrides) and named after the Hebrides in Scotland, was the colonial name for the island group in the South Pacific Ocean that is now Vanuatu.

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Ngo Dinh Diem

Ngô Đình Diệm (or;; 3 January 1901 – 2 November 1963) was a South Vietnamese politician who was the final prime minister of the State of Vietnam (1954–1955) and later the first president of South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) from 1955 until his capture and assassination during the CIA-backed 1963 South Vietnamese coup.

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Nguyễn Khánh

Nguyễn Khánh (8 November 192711 January 2013) was a South Vietnamese military officer and Army of the Republic of Vietnam general who served in various capacities as head of state and prime minister of South Vietnam while at the head of a military junta from January 1964 until February 1965.

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Nguyễn Văn Thiệu

Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who was the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest country in Central America, comprising.

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Nicolae Ceaușescu

Nicolae Ceaușescu (– 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who served as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989.

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Niger

Niger or the Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a country in West Africa.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.

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Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers (premier) from 1958 to 1964.

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Nnamdi Azikiwe

Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe (16 November 1904 – 11 May 1996), commonly referred to as Zik of Africa, was a Nigerian politician, statesman, and revolutionary leader who served as the 3rd and first black governor-general of Nigeria from 1960 to 1963 and the first president of Nigeria during the First Nigerian Republic (1963–1966).

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Noboru Takeshita

was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1987 to 1989 during the bubble economy.

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Nobusuke Kishi

was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who was prime minister of Japan from 1957 to 1960.

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Norodom Sihanouk

Norodom Sihanouk (31 October 192215 October 2012) was a member of the Cambodian royal house who led the country as King and Prime Minister.

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North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.

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Northern Cyprus

Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus.

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Northern Rhodesia

Northern Rhodesia was a British protectorate in Southern Africa, now the independent country of Zambia.

See List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) and Northern Rhodesia

Norway

Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.

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Nuri al-Said

Nuri Pasha al-Said CH (نوري السعيد; December 1888 – 15 July 1958) was an Iraqi politician during the Mandatory Iraq and the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq.

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Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev (Нурсултан Абишевич Назарбаев; Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев, Nūrsūltan Äbışūly Nazarbaev,; born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh politician who served as the first President of Kazakhstan, from the country's independence in 1991 until his formal resignation in 2019, and as the Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2022.

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Nyasaland

Nyasaland was a British protectorate located in Africa that was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name.

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Odvar Nordli

Odvar Nordli (3 November 1926 – 9 January 2018) was a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party.

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Ola Ullsten

Stig Kjell Olof "Ola" Ullsten (23 June 1931 – 28 May 2018) was a Swedish politician and diplomat who was Prime Minister of Sweden from 1978 to 1979 and leader of the Liberal People's Party from 1978 to 1983.

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Olav V

Olav V (born Prince Alexander of Denmark; 2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991) was King of Norway from 1957 until his death in 1991.

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Olof Palme

Sven Olof Joachim Palme (30 January 1927 – 28 February 1986) was a Swedish politician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1969 to 1976 and 1982 to 1986.

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Oman

Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in West Asia.

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Omar Torrijos

Omar Efraín Torrijos Herrera (February 13, 1929 – July 31, 1981) was a Panamanian dictator, as well as the Commander of the Panamanian National Guard and military leader of Panama from 1968 to his death in 1981.

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Oscar Torp

Oscar Fredrik Torp (8 June 1893 – 1 May 1958) was a Norwegian politician for the Norwegian Labour Party.

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Otto Stich

Otto Anton Stich (10 January 1927 – 13 September 2012) was a Swiss professor and politician.

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P. J. Patterson

Percival Noel James Patterson, (born 10 April 1935), popularly known as P.J. Patterson, is a Jamaican former politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006.

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Paavo Lipponen

Paavo Tapio Lipponen (born 23 April 1941) is a Finnish politician and former reporter.

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Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

See List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) and Pakistan

Palau

Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific.

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Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America.

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Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).

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Paraguay

Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay (República del Paraguay; Paraguái Tavakuairetã), is a landlocked country in South America.

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Paramount leader

Paramount leader is an informal term for the most important political figure in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Pascal Lissouba

Pascal Lissouba (15 November 1931 – 24 August 2020) was a Congolese politician who was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo and served from 31 August 1992 until 25 October 1997.

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Patrice Lumumba

Patrice Émery Lumumba (2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961), born Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa, was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then known as the Republic of the Congo) from June until September 1960, following the May 1960 election.

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Patrick Hillery

Patrick John Hillery (Pádraig J. Ó hIrghile; 2 May 1923 – 12 April 2008) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the sixth President of Ireland from December 1976 to December 1990.

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Paul Chaudet

Paul Chaudet (born 17 November 1904, in Rivaz – 7 August 1977) was a Swiss politician.

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Paul Keating

Paul John Keating (born 18 January 1944) is an Australian former politician who served as the 24th prime minister of Australia from 1991 to 1996, holding office as the leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP).

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Paul of Greece

Paul (Pav́los; 14 December 1901 – 6 March 1964) was King of Greece, reigning from 1 April 1947 until his death on 6 March 1964.

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Per Borten

(3 April 1913 – 20 January 2005) was a Norwegian politician from the Centre Party and the 25th prime minister of Norway from 1965 to 1971.

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Peru

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River.

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Phạm Văn Đồng

Phạm Văn Đồng (1 March 1906 – 29 April 2000) was a Vietnamese politician who served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976.

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Philipp Etter

Philipp Etter (21 December 1891, in Menzingen – 23 December 1977) was a Swiss politician.

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Philippines

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Phoumi Vongvichit

Phoumi Vongvichit (ພູມີ ວົງວິຈິດ; 6 April 1909 – 7 January 1994) was a leading figure of the Pathet Lao and an elder statesman of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.

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Pierre Aubert

Pierre Aubert (3 March 1927 – 8 June 2016) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1978–1987).

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Pierre Graber

Pierre Graber (6 December 1908 – 19 July 2003) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1970–1978).

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Pierre Harmel

Pierre Charles José Marie, Count Harmel (16 March 1911 – 15 November 2009) was a Belgian lawyer, Christian Democratic politician and diplomat.

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Pierre Messmer

Pierre Joseph Auguste Messmer (20 March 191629 August 2007) was a French Gaullist politician.

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Pierre Trudeau

Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau (October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 15th prime minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and from 1980 to 1984.

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Piet de Jong

Petrus Jozef Sietse "Piet" de Jong (3 April 1915 – 27 July 2016) was a Dutch politician and naval officer who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1967 to 1971.

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Plaek Phibunsongkhram

Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram (แปลก พิบูลสงคราม; alternatively transcribed as Pibulsongkram or Pibulsonggram; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964), locally known as Marshal P. (จอมพล ป.), and contemporarily known as Phibun (Pibul) in the West, was a Thai military officer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957.

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Pol Pot

Pol Pot (born Saloth Sâr; 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian communist revolutionary, politician and a dictator who ruled Cambodia as Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea between 1976 and 1979.

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Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

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Pope

The pope (papa, from lit) is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Pope John Paul I

Pope John Paul I (Ioannes Paulus I; Giovanni Paolo I; born Albino Luciani; 17 October 1912 – 28 September 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later.

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Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Jan Paweł II; Giovanni Paolo II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła,; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.

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Pope John XXIII

Pope John XXIII (Ioannes XXIII; Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 1963.

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Pope Paul VI

Pope Paul VI (Paulus VI; Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini,; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death on 6 August 1978.

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Pope Pius XII

Pope Pius XII (born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli,; 2 March 18769 October 1958) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.

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Portuguese Mozambique

Portuguese Mozambique (Moçambique Portuguesa) or Portuguese East Africa (África Oriental Portuguesa) were the common terms by which Mozambique was designated during the period in which it was a Portuguese colony.

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Poul Nyrup Rasmussen

Poul Oluf Nyrup Rasmussen (informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943) is a former Danish politician.

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Premier of the Republic of China

The premier of the Republic of China, officially the president of the Executive Yuan (Chinese: 行政院院長), is the head of the government of the Republic of China of Taiwan and leader of the Executive Yuan.

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President of Albania

The president of Albania (Presidenti i Shqipërisë), officially styled the President of the Republic of Albania (Presidenti i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representative of the unity of the Albanian people.

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President of Austria

The president of Austria (lit) is the head of state of the Republic of Austria.

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President of Bolivia

The president of Bolivia (Presidente de Bolivia), officially known as the president of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is head of state and head of government of Bolivia and the captain general of the Armed Forces of Bolivia.

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President of Croatia

The president of Croatia, officially the president of the Republic of Croatia (Predsjednik Republike Hrvatske), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the country and abroad.

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President of Finland

The president of the Republic of Finland (Suomen tasavallan presidentti; republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland.

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President of Germany

The president of Germany, officially titled the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland),The official title within Germany is Bundespräsident, with der Bundesrepublik Deutschland being added in international correspondence; the official English title is President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the head of state of Germany.

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President of Guatemala

The president of Guatemala (Presidente de Guatemala), officially titled President of the Republic of Guatemala (Presidente de la República de Guatemala), is the head of state and head of government of Guatemala, elected to a single four-year term.

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President of India

The president of India (IAST) is the head of state of the Republic of India.

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President of Iran

The president of Iran (Rais Jomhure Irān) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the second highest-ranking official, after the Supreme Leader.

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President of Iraq

The president of the Republic of Iraq (Ra'īs Jumhūriyat al-Irāq; سەرۆککۆماری عێراق / Serokkomarê Îraqê) is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution".

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President of Israel

The president of the State of Israel (Nesi Medinat Yisra'el, or Nesi HaMedina President of the State) is the head of state of Israel.

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President of Nauru

The president of Nauru is elected by Parliament from among its members, and is both the head of state and the head of government of Nauru.

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President of Nicaragua

The president of Nicaragua (presidente de Nicaragua), officially known as the president of the Republic of Nicaragua (Presidente de la República de Nicaragua), is the head of state and head of government of Nicaragua.

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President of Poland

The president of Poland (Prezydent RP), officially the president of the Republic of Poland (Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), is the head of state of the Republic of Poland.

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President of Romania

The president of Romania (Președintele României) is the head of state of Romania.

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President of Russia

The president of the Russian Federation (Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the executive head of state of Russia.

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President of South Korea

The president of the Republic of Korea, also known as the president of Korea, is both the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Korea.

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President of Tajikistan

The president of Tajikistan is the head of state of the Republic of Tajikistan.

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President of the Philippines

The president of the Philippines (pangulo ng Pilipinas, sometimes referred to as presidente ng Pilipinas) is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines.

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President of the Republic of China

The president of the Republic of China, also referred to as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (Taiwan) as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces.

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President of the Yemen Arab Republic

The President of the Yemen Arab Republic, officially the Chairman of the Republican Council of the Yemen Arab Republic, was the head of state in the former North Yemen from 1962 to 1990.

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President of Turkey

The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey.

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Prime Minister of Albania

The prime minister of Albania (Kryeministri i Shqipërisë), officially the prime minister of the Republic of Albania (Kryeministri i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of government of Albania.

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Prime Minister of Australia

The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia.

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Prime Minister of Belgium

The prime minister of Belgium (Eerste minister van België; Premier ministre de Belgique; Premierminister von Belgien) or the premier of Belgium is the head of the federal government of Belgium, and the most powerful person in Belgian politics.

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Prime Minister of Canada

The prime minister of Canada (premier ministre du Canada) is the head of government of Canada.

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Prime Minister of Denmark

The prime minister of Denmark (Danmarks statsminister, Forsætisráðharri, Ministeriuneq) is the head of government in the Kingdom of Denmark comprising the three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

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Prime Minister of Finland

The prime minister of Finland (Suomen pääministeri) is the leader of the Finnish Government.

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Prime Minister of France

The prime minister of France (Premier ministre français), officially the prime minister of the French Republic, is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of the Council of Ministers.

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Prime Minister of Greece

The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic (Prothypourgós tis Ellinikís Dimokratías), usually referred to as the prime minister of Greece (label), is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek Cabinet.

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Prime Minister of Iceland

The prime minister of Iceland (Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is head of government of the Republic of Iceland.

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Prime Minister of India

The prime minister of India (ISO) is the head of government of the Republic of India.

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Prime Minister of Iraq

The Prime Minister of Iraq is the head of government of Iraq and the commander-in-chief of the Iraqi Armed Forces.

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Prime Minister of Israel

The prime minister of Israel (Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: רה״מ; رئيس الحكومة, Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma) is the head of government and chief executive of the State of Israel.

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Prime Minister of Italy

The prime minister of Italy, officially the president of the Council of Ministers (Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri), is the head of government of the Italian Republic.

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Prime Minister of Jamaica

The prime minister of Jamaica (Praim Minista a Jumieka) is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness.

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Prime Minister of Japan

The prime minister of Japan (Japanese: 内閣総理大臣, Hepburn: Naikaku Sōri-Daijin) is the head of government and the highest political position of Japan.

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Prime Minister of New Zealand

The prime minister of New Zealand (Te pirimia o Aotearoa) is the head of government of New Zealand.

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Prime Minister of Norway

The prime minister of Norway (statsminister, which directly translates to "minister of state") is the head of government and chief executive of Norway.

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Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea

The prime minister of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (Prai Minista bilong Papua Niugini) is Papua New Guinea's head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament.

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Prime Minister of Poland

The president of the Council of Ministers (Prezes Rady Ministrów), colloquially and commonly referred to as the prime minister, is the head of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland.

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Prime Minister of Portugal

The prime minister of Portugal (primeiro-ministro) is the head of government of Portugal.

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Prime Minister of Romania

The prime minister of Romania (Prim-ministrul României), officially the prime minister of the Government of Romania (Prim-ministrul Guvernului României), is the head of the Government of Romania.

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Prime Minister of South Africa

The prime minister of South Africa (Eerste Minister van Suid-Afrika) was the head of government in South Africa between 1910 and 1984.

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Prime Minister of Spain

The prime minister of Spain, officially president of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno), is the head of government of Spain.

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Prime Minister of Sweden

The prime minister of Sweden (statsminister literally translates as "minister of state") is the head of government of the Kingdom of Sweden.

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Prime Minister of Thailand

The prime minister of Thailand (นายกรัฐมนตรี,,; literally 'chief minister of state') is the head of government of Thailand.

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Prime Minister of the Netherlands

The prime minister of the Netherlands (Minister-president van Nederland) is the head of the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom.

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Protectorate

A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law.

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Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam

The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG, Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam), was formed on June 8, 1969, by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) as an armed underground government opposing the government of South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu.

See List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) and Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam

Rafael Caldera

Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez (24 January 1916 – 24 December 2009), was a Venezuelan politician and academician who was the 41st and 46th president of Venezuela from 1969 to 1974 and again from 1994 to 1999, thus becoming the longest serving democratically elected politician to govern the country in the twentieth century.

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Rafael Trujillo

Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (24 October 1891 – 30 May 1961), nicknamed El Jefe, was a Dominican military commander and dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from August 1930 until his assassination in May 1961.

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Rainier III, Prince of Monaco

Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005) was Prince of Monaco from 1949 to his death in 2005.

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Rajiv Gandhi

Rajiv Gandhi (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was an Indian politician who served as the Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989.

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Ramón Villeda Morales

José Ramón Adolfo "el Pajarito" Villeda Morales (November 26, 1909 – October 8, 1971) served as President of Honduras from 1957 to 1963.

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Ramiz Alia

Ramiz Alia (18 October 1925 – 7 October 2011) was an Albanian politician serving as the second and last leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1985 to 1991, serving as First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania.

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René Felber

René Felber (14 March 1933 – 18 October 2020) was a Swiss politician.

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Republic of Ireland

Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland.

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Republic of Upper Volta

The Republic of Upper Volta (République de Haute-Volta) was a landlocked West African country established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing state within the French Community.

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Rexhep Meidani

Rexhep Qemal Meidani (born on 17 August 1944) is an Albanian physicist, professor, diplomat and politician.

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Rhodesia

Rhodesia (Rodizha), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979.

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Richard Nixon

Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974.

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Robert Guéï

Robert Guéï (16 March 1941 – 19 September 2002) was an Ivorian politician who was the military ruler from 24 December 1999 to 26 October 2000.

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Robert Menzies

Sir Robert Gordon Menzies (20 December 1894 – 15 May 1978) was an Australian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia from 1939 to 1941 and 1949 to 1966.

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Robert Muldoon

Sir Robert David Muldoon (25 September 19215 August 1992) was a New Zealand conservative politician who served as the 31st prime minister of New Zealand, from 1975 to 1984, while leader of the National Party.

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Rodolphe Rubattel

Rodolphe Rubattel (4 September 1896 – 18 October 1961), was a Swiss politician.

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Roger Bonvin

Roger Bonvin (12 September 1907, in Icogne, Valais – 5 June 1982) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1962–1973).

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Roh Tae-woo

Roh Tae-woo (4 December 1932 – 26 October 2021) was a South Korean politician and army general who served as the 6th (13th election) president of South Korea from 1988 to 1993.

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Roman Herzog

Roman Herzog (5 April 1934 – 10 January 2017) was a German politician, judge and legal scholar, who served as the president of Germany from 1994 to 1999.

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Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

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Romano Prodi

Romano Prodi (born 9 August 1939) is an Italian politician who served as President of the European Commission from 1999 to 2004 and twice as Prime Minister of Italy, from 1996 to 1998, and again 2006 to 2008.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Rudolf Gnägi

Rudolf Gnägi (3 August 1917 – 20 April 1985) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1966–1979).

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Ruhollah Khomeini

Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 19023 June 1989) was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989.

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Ruth Dreifuss

Ruth Dreifuss (born 9 January 1940) is a Swiss economist, unionist and politician who served as a member of the Federal Council (Switzerland) from 1993 to 2002.

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Ruud Lubbers

Rudolphus Franciscus Marie "Ruud" Lubbers (7 May 1939 – 14 February 2018) was a Dutch politician, diplomat and businessman who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1982 to 1994, and as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 2001 to 2005.

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Rwanda

Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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S. R. Nathan

Sellapan Ramanathan (3 July 1924 – 22 August 2016),.

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003.

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Said bin Taimur

Said bin Taimur (سعيد بن تيمور; 13 August 1910 – 19 October 1972) was the 13th Sultan of Muscat and Oman from 10 February 1932 until he was deposed on 23 July 1970 by his son Qaboos bin Said.

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Said Musa

Said Wilbert Musa (born 19 March 1944) is a Belizean lawyer and politician.

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Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, is an island country consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, both located in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands chain of the Lesser Antilles.

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Saint Lucia

Saint Lucia is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean.

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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island country in the eastern Caribbean.

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Sali Berisha

Sali Ram Berisha (born 15 October 1944) is an Albanian cardiologist and conservative politician who served as the president of Albania from 1992 to 1997 and 32nd prime minister from 2005 to 2013.

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Saloum

The Kingdom of Saloum (Serer: Saluum or Saalum) was a Serer kingdom in present-day Senegal as well as parts of Gambia, then called Lower Saluum.

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Salvador Allende

Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens (26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973) was a Chilean socialist politician who served as the 28th president of Chile from 1970 until his death in 1973.

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Sam Nujoma

Samuel Shafiishuna Daniel Nujoma, (born 12 May 1929) is a Namibian revolutionary, anti-apartheid activist and politician who served three terms as the first President of Namibia, from 1990 to 2005.

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Samoa

Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono and Apolima); and several smaller, uninhabited islands, including the Aleipata Islands (Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Fanuatapu and Namua).

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Samuel Doe

Samuel Kanyon Doe (6 May 1951 – 9 September 1990) was a Liberian politician who served as the 21st President of Liberia from 1986 to 1990.

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San Marino

San Marino (San Maréin or San Maroin), officially the Republic of San Marino (Repubblica di San Marino) and also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is a European microstate and enclave within Italy.

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Sangoulé Lamizana

Aboubakar Sangoulé Lamizana (31 January 1916 – 26 May 2005) was an Upper Voltese military officer who served as the President of Upper Volta (since 1984 renamed Burkina Faso), in power from 3 January 1966, to 25 November 1980.

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Sarit Thanarat

Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat (also spelt Dhanarajata; สฤษดิ์ ธนะรัชต์,; 16 June 1908 – 8 December 1963) was a Thai general who staged a coup in 1957, replacing Plaek Phibunsongkhram as Thailand's prime minister until Sarit died in 1963.

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Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September 188817 April 1975; natively Radhakrishnayya) was an Indian politician, philosopher and statesman who served as the second president of India from 1962 to 1967.

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Saye Zerbo

Saye Zerbo (27 August 1932 – 19 September 2013) was a Burkinabé military officer who was the third President of the Republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) from 25 November 1980 until 7 November 1982.

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Süleyman Demirel

Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel (1 November 1924 – 17 June 2015) was a Turkish politician, engineer, and statesman who served as the 9th President of Turkey from 1993 to 2000.

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Sōsuke Uno

was a Japanese politician who was briefly Prime Minister of Japan in 1989, the first Prime Minister who came from Shiga Prefecture.

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Seán Lemass

Seán Francis Lemass (born John Francis Lemass; 15 July 1899 – 11 May 1971) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach and Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1959 to 1966.

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Seán T. O'Kelly

Seán Thomas O'Kelly (Seán Tomás Ó Ceallaigh; 25 August 1882 – 23 November 1966), originally John T. O'Kelly, was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the second president of Ireland from June 1945 to June 1959.

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Senegal

Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country.

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Serbia and Montenegro

The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora) or simply Serbia and Montenegro (Srbija i Crna Gora), known until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Savezna Republika Jugoslavija), FR Yugoslavia (FRY) or simply Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija), was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia).

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Seychelles

Seychelles, officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles; Seychellois Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country and archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands (as per the Constitution) in the Indian Ocean.

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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), popularly known by the honorific prefix Bangabandhu, was a Bangladeshi politician, revolutionary, statesman, activist and diarist.

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Shimon Peres

Shimon Peres (שמעון פרס; born Szymon Perski,; 2 August 1923 – 28 September 2016) was an Israeli politician and statesman who served as the eighth prime minister of Israel from 1984 to 1986 and from 1995 to 1996 and as the ninth president of Israel from 2007 to 2014.

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Siad Barre

Mohammed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre, Osmanya script: 𐒑𐒖𐒄𐒖𐒑𐒗𐒆 𐒈𐒘𐒕𐒛𐒆 𐒁𐒖𐒇𐒇𐒗, محمد زياد بري Muhammad Siad Bariy; 6 October 1909 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali major general, politician and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 January 1991.

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Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone, (also,; Salone) officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa.

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Silvio Berlusconi

Silvio Berlusconi (29 September 1936 – 12 June 2023) was an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as the prime minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011.

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Sisavang Vatthana

Sisavang Vatthana (ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສີສວ່າງວັດທະນາ) or sometimes Savang Vatthana (full title: Samdach Brhat Chao Mavattaha Sri Vitha Lan Xang Hom Khao Phra Rajanachakra Lao Phengdara Parama Sidha Khattiya Suriya Varman Brhat Maha Sri Savangsa Vadhana; 13 November 1907 – 13 May 1978) was the last king of the Kingdom of Laos and the 6th Prime Minister of Laos serving from 29 October to 21 November 1951.

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Sisavang Vong

King Sisavangvong (ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສີສວ່າງວົງສ໌; born Prince Khao 14 July 1885 – 29 October 1959), known by his courtesy name Sisavangvong, was the last ruler of the Lao Kingdom of Luang Prabang and the founding king of the Kingdom of Laos.

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Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene), is a country in southern Central Europe.

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Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe.

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Socialist Republic of Romania

The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989).

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Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons,John Prados, Islands of Destiny, Dutton Caliber, 2012, p,20 and passim is a country consisting of 21 major islands Guadalcanal, Malaita, Makira, Santa Isabel, Choiseul, New Georgia, Kolombangara, Rennell, Vella Lavella, Vangunu, Nendo, Maramasike, Rendova, Shortland, San Jorge, Banie, Ranongga, Pavuvu, Nggela Pile and Nggela Sule, Tetepare, (which are bigger in area than 100 square kilometres) and over 900 smaller islands in Melanesia, part of Oceania, to the northeast of Australia.

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Somaliland

Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa.

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Soong Ching-ling

Rosamond Soong Ch'ing-ling (27 January 189329 May 1981) was a Chinese political figure.

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Souphanouvong

Prince Souphanouvong (13 July 1909 – 9 January 1995), nicknamed the Red Prince, was along with his half-brother Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Boun Oum of Champasak, one of the "Three Princes" who represented respectively the communist (pro-Vietnam), neutralist and royalist political factions in Laos.

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South African Republic

The South African Republic (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, abbreviated ZAR; Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it was annexed into the British Empire as a result of the Second Boer War.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

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South Vietnam

South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; Việt Nam Cộng hòa; VNCH, République du Viêt Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam.

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South West Africa

South West Africa, renamed to Namibia from 12 June 1968, was a South African Province under South African administration from 1915 to 1990, after which it became modern-day Namibia.

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Southern Rhodesia

Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked, self-governing British Crown colony in Southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River.

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Souvanna Phouma

Prince Souvanna Phouma (7 October 1901 – 10 January 1984) was the leader of the neutralist faction and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos several times (1951–1954, 1956–1958, 1960, and 1962–1975).

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.

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Stanislav Shushkevich

Stanislav Stanislavovich Shushkevich (15 December 1934 – 3 May 2022) was a Belarusian politician and scientist.

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State of Palestine

Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in the southern Levant region of West Asia, encompassing the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, within the larger historic Palestine region.

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Sudan

Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa.

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Suharto

Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving President of Indonesia.

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Sukarno

Sukarno (born Koesno Sosrodihardjo,, 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.

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Suriname

Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname (Republiek Suriname), is a country in northern South America, sometimes considered part of the Caribbean and the West Indies.

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Sveinn Björnsson

Sveinn Björnsson (27 February 1881 – 25 January 1952) was the first president of Iceland (1944–1952).

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

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Syngman Rhee

Syngman Rhee (26 March 1875 – 19 July 1965) was a South Korean politician who served as the first president of South Korea from 1948 to 1960.

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Tage Erlander

Tage Fritjof Erlander (13 June 1901 – 21 June 1985) was a Swedish politician and statesman who served as the prime minister of Sweden and leader of the Social Democratic Party from 1946 to 1969.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

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Tajikistan

Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia.

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Takeo Fukuda

was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1976 to 1978.

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Takeo Miki

was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1974 until 1976.

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Tanzania

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, (formerly Swahililand) is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.

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Taoiseach

The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland.

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Tarja Halonen

Tarja Kaarina Halonen (born 24 December 1943) is a Finnish politician who served as the 11th president of Finland, and the first and to date only woman to hold the position, from 2000 to 2012.

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Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (born 5 June 1942) is an Equatoguinean politician and former military officer who has served as the 2nd President of Equatorial Guinea since 1982 and as well as the President of the Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea since the party's foundation in 1987.

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Thabo Mbeki

Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who served as the 2nd democratic president of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008, when he resigned at the request of his party, the African National Congress (ANC).

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.

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Than Shwe

Than Shwe (သန်းရွှေ;; born 2 February 1933) is a retired Burmese army general who held influential positions within Myanmar's government.

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The Bahamas

The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean.

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The Gambia

The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa.

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Theodor Heuss

Theodor Heuss (31 January 1884 – 12 December 1963) was a German liberal politician who served as the first president of West Germany from 1949 to 1959.

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Thomas Holenstein

Thomas Holenstein (7 February 1896 – 31 October 1962) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1955–1959).

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Thomas Klestil

Thomas Klestil (4 November 1932 – 6 July 2004) was an Austrian diplomat and politician who served as president of Austria from 1992 until his death in 2004.

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Thomas Sankara

Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara (21 December 1949 – 15 October 1987) was a Burkinabè military officer, Marxist revolutionary and Pan-Africanist who served as President of Burkina Faso from his coup in 1983 to his assassination in 1987.

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Thorbjörn Fälldin

Nils Olof Thorbjörn Fälldin (24 April 1926 – 23 July 2016) was a Swedish politician.

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Thorbjørn Jagland

Thorbjørn Jagland (born Thorbjørn Johansen;, 5 November 1950) is a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party.

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Todor Zhivkov

Todor Hristov Zhivkov (Тодор Христов Живков; 7 September 1911 – 5 August 1998) was a Bulgarian communist statesman who served as the de facto leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from 1954 until 1989 as General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party. He was the second longest-serving leader in the Eastern Bloc, the longest-serving leader within the Warsaw Pact and the longest-serving non-royal ruler in Bulgarian history.

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Togo

Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa.

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Tonga

Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga (Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania.

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Toshiki Kaifu

was a Japanese politician who served as the 77th prime minister of Japan from 1989 to 1991.

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Transkei

Transkei (meaning the area beyond the river Kei), officially the Republic of Transkei (iRiphabliki yeTranskei), was an unrecognised state in the southeastern region of South Africa from 1976 to 1994.

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Tribhuvan of Nepal

Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah Dev (श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह देव), (30 June 1906 – 13 March 1955) was the eighth King of Nepal.

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Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia administered by the United States from 1947 to 1994.

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Trygve Bratteli

Trygve Martin Bratteli (11 January 1910 – 20 November 1984) was a Norwegian newspaper editor, a politician with the Norwegian Labour Party, and Nazi concentration camp survivor. He served as the 26th prime minister of Norway from 1971 to 1972 and again from 1973 to 1976.

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Tsutomu Hata

was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan for nine weeks in 1994.

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Tunisia

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.

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Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.

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Tuvalu

Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia.

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Uganda

Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa.

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Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

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Union of South Africa

The Union of South Africa (Unie van Zuid-Afrika; Unie van Suid-Afrika) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa.

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United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.

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United Arab Republic

The United Arab Republic (UAR; translit) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1961.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.

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United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor

The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), (Administração Transitória das Nações Unidas em Timor Leste), was a United Nations mission in East Timor that aimed to solve the decades-long East Timorese crisis in the area occupied by Indonesian military.

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Urho Kekkonen

Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (3 September 1900 – 31 August 1986), often referred to by his initials UKK, was a Finnish politician who served as the eighth and longest-serving president of Finland from 1956 to 1982.

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Uruguay

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America.

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Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.

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V. V. Giri

Varahagiri Venkata Giri (10 August 1894 – 24 June 1980) was an Indian politician and activist who served as the fourth president of India from 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974.

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Valéry Giscard d'Estaing

Valéry René Marie Georges Giscard d'Estaing (2 February 19262 December 2020), also known as Giscard or VGE, was a French politician who served as President of France from 1974 to 1981.

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Valentin Pavlov

Valentin Sergeyevich Pavlov (Валéнтин Серге́евич Па́влов; 26 September 1937 – 30 March 2003) was a Soviet official who became a Russian banker following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Vanuatu

Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu (République de Vanuatu; Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country in Melanesia, located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Vatican City

Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (Stato della Città del Vaticano; Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is a landlocked sovereign country, city-state, microstate, and enclave within Rome, Italy.

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Vazgen Sargsyan

Vazgen Zaveni Sargsyan (Վազգեն Զավենի Սարգսյան,; 5 March 1959 – 27 October 1999) was an Armenian military commander and politician.

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Václav Havel

Václav Havel (5 October 193618 December 2011) was a Czech statesman, author, poet, playwright and dissident.

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Václav Klaus

Václav Klaus (born 19 June 1941) is a Czech economist and politician who served as the second president of the Czech Republic from 2003 to 2013.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.

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Vicente Fox

Vicente Fox Quesada (born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 62nd president of Mexico from 2000 to 2006.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.

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Vigdís Finnbogadóttir

Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (born 15 April 1930) is an Icelandic politician who served as the fourth president of Iceland from 1980 to 1996.

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Viktor Klima

Viktor Klima (born 4 June 1947) is an Austrian Social Democrat politician and businessman.

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Violeta Chamorro

Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro (18 October 1929) is a Nicaraguan former politician who served as the 55th President of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1997.

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Vladimír Mečiar

Vladimír Mečiar (born 26 July 1942) is a Slovak former politician who served as the prime minister of Slovakia from June 1990 to May 1991, June 1992 to March 1994, and again from December 1994 to October 1998.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia.

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Vladislav Ardzinba

don't want to be part of our country, we will simply drive them out.

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Wallis and Futuna

Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands, is a French island collectivity in the South Pacific, situated between Tuvalu to the northwest, Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast, Samoa to the east, and Tokelau to the northeast.

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Walter Scheel

Walter Scheel (8 July 1919 – 24 August 2016) was a German statesman.

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Walter Ulbricht

Walter Ernst Paul Ulbricht (30 June 18931 August 1973) was a German communist politician.

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Władysław Gomułka

Władysław Gomułka (6 February 1905 – 1 September 1982) was a Polish Communist politician.

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West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

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Willem Drees

Willem Drees Sr. (5 July 1886 – 14 May 1988) was a Dutch politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and later co-founder of the Labour Party (PvdA) and historian who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 7 August 1948 to 22 December 1958.

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Willi Ritschard

Willi Ritschard (sometimes Willy Ritschard; 28 September 1918 – 16 October 1983) was a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party (SP).

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William McMahon

Sir William McMahon (23 February 190831 March 1988) was an Australian politician who served as the 20th prime minister of Australia from 1971 to 1972.

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William Tolbert

William Richard Tolbert Jr. (13 May 1913 – 12 April 1980) was a Liberian politician who served as the 20th president of Liberia from 1971 until his assassination in 1980.

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William Tubman

William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman (29 November 1895 – 23 July 1971) was a Liberian politician.

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Willy Brandt

Willy Brandt (born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German politician and statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as the chancellor of West Germany from 1969 to 1974.

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Willy Spühler

Willy Spühler (31 January 1902, in Zurich – 31 May 1990) was a Swiss politician.

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Wim Kok

Willem "Wim" Kok (29 September 1938 – 20 October 2018) was a Dutch politician and trade union leader who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 August 1994 until 22 July 2002.

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and 1951 to 1955.

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Wojciech Jaruzelski

Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (6 July 1923 – 25 May 2014) was a Polish military general, politician and de facto leader of the Polish People's Republic from 1981 until 1989.

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Wolfgang Schüssel

Wolfgang Schüssel (born 7 June 1945) is an Austrian politician.

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Yahya Khan

Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (4 February 191710 August 1980) was a Pakistani military officer, who served as the third president of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971.

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Yang Shangkun

Yang Shangkun (3 August 1907 – 14 September 1998) was a Chinese Communist military and political leader, president of the People's Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and one of the Eight Elders that dominated the party after the death of Mao Zedong.

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Yasser Arafat

Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his kunya Abu Ammar, was a Palestinian political leader.

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Yasuhiro Nakasone

was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party from 1982 to 1987.

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Yen Chia-kan

Yen Chia-kan (23 October 1905 – 24 December 1993), also known as C. K. Yen, was a Chinese-Taiwanese chemist and Kuomintang politician.

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Yitzhak Rabin

Yitzhak Rabin (יִצְחָק רַבִּין,; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general.

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Yitzhak Shamir

Yitzhak Shamir (יצחק שמיר,; born Yitzhak Yezernitsky; October 22, 1915 – June 30, 2012) was an Israeli politician and the seventh prime minister of Israel, serving two terms (1983–1984, 1986–1992).

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Yoweri Museveni

Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa (born 15 September 1944) is a Ugandan politician and military officer who is the ninth and current president of Uganda since 1986.

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Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia (Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија) was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 to 1992.

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Yuri Andropov

Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (– 9 February 1984) was a Soviet politician who was the sixth leader of the Soviet Union and the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, taking office in late 1982 and serving until his death in 1984.

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Zaire

Zaire, officially the Republic of Zaire, was the name of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1971 to 1997.

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Zambia

Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central, Southern and East Africa.

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Zenkō Suzuki

was a Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 1980 to 1982.

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Zhao Ziyang

Zhao Ziyang (赵紫阳; pronounced, 17 October 1919 – 17 January 2005) was a Chinese politician.

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Zhou Enlai

Zhou Enlai (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from September 1954 until his death in January 1976.

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Zhu De

Zhu De (1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976) was a Chinese general, military strategist, politician and revolutionary in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

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Zhu Rongji

Zhu Rongji (IPA:; born 23 October 1928) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the premier of China from 1998 to 2003 and member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1992 to 2002 along with CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin.

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Ziaur Rahman

Ziaur Rahman (19 January 193630 May 1981) was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the President of Bangladesh from 1977 until his assassination.

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Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe, relief map Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the north, and Mozambique to the east.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1951–2000)

Also known as 1957 incumbents, 1980 incumbents, Heads of State in 1951, Heads of State in 1952, Heads of State in 1953, List of State Leaders During 1965, List of state leaders in 1951, List of state leaders in 1952, List of state leaders in 1953, List of state leaders in 1954, List of state leaders in 1955, List of state leaders in 1956, List of state leaders in 1957, List of state leaders in 1958, List of state leaders in 1959, List of state leaders in 1960, List of state leaders in 1961, List of state leaders in 1962, List of state leaders in 1963, List of state leaders in 1964, List of state leaders in 1965, List of state leaders in 1966, List of state leaders in 1967, List of state leaders in 1968, List of state leaders in 1969, List of state leaders in 1970, List of state leaders in 1971, List of state leaders in 1972, List of state leaders in 1973, List of state leaders in 1974, List of state leaders in 1975, List of state leaders in 1976, List of state leaders in 1977, List of state leaders in 1978, List of state leaders in 1979, List of state leaders in 1980, List of state leaders in 1981, List of state leaders in 1982, List of state leaders in 1983, List of state leaders in 1984, List of state leaders in 1985, List of state leaders in 1986, List of state leaders in 1987, List of state leaders in 1988, List of state leaders in 1989, List of state leaders in 1990, List of state leaders in 1991, List of state leaders in 1992, List of state leaders in 1993, List of state leaders in 1994, List of state leaders in 1995, List of state leaders in 1996, List of state leaders in 1997, List of state leaders in 1998, List of state leaders in 1999, List of state leaders in 2000, List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951-2001), State leaders in 1992, State leaders in 1993, State leaders in 1994, State leaders in 1995, State leaders in 1996, State leaders in 1997, State leaders in 1998, State leaders in 1999, State leaders in 2000.

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List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)

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