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Medical imaging

Index Medical imaging

Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). [1]

145 relations: A-scan ultrasound biometry, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Absorbed dose, Alzheimer's disease, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Anatomy, Antenna (radio), Barium, Biological imaging, Biomarker, Biomedical engineering, Birth defect, Blood vessel, Brain–computer interface, Breast cancer, Broadband, Caesium iodide, Cardiology, Circulatory system, Clinical endpoint, Clinical research, Clinical trial, Cloud computing, Colorectal cancer, Complications of pregnancy, Computer science, Contrast agent, Corneal topography, CT scan, DICOM, Diffuse optical imaging, Disease, Doppler echocardiography, Echocardiography, Elastography, Electrical impedance tomography, Electrocardiography, Electroencephalography, Electromagnetic field, Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic shielding, Endoscopy, Fetus, Fluorine-18, Fluoroscopy, Focal plane tomography, Fracture, Frame grabber, Functional imaging, Functional neuroimaging, ..., Gamma camera, Glucose, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Hertz, Hydrogen, Image, Image registration, ImageJ, Indication (medicine), Industry, Intellectual disability, Intercurrent disease in pregnancy, Inverse problem, Ionizing radiation, Iron oxide, Iron oxide nanoparticle, Isotope, JPEG 2000, JPIP, Ladan and Laleh Bijani, Larmor precession, Lead, Liver, Magnetic particle imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetoencephalography, Map, Mathematics, Medical imaging, Medical photography, Medical physics, Medical privacy, Medical ultrasound, Medicine, Minimally invasive procedures, Miscarriage, MRI contrast agent, MRI RF shielding, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Neoplasm, Neuroimaging, Neuroscience, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear medicine, Obstetric ultrasonography, Ophthalmology, Optical coherence tomography, Organ (anatomy), Pancreatic tumor, Pathology, Perfusion scanning, PET-CT, Photoacoustic imaging, Physics of magnetic resonance imaging, Physiology, Picture archiving and communication system, Pittsburgh compound B, Positron emission tomography, Positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging, Pregnancy, Prenatal care, Projectional radiography, Prostate, Protected health information, Proton, Psychiatry, Psychology, Radio frequency, Radiodensity, Radiographer, Radiography, Radiological information system, Radiology, Radionuclide, Radon transform, Related rights, Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Science, Scintigraphy, Sensitivity and specificity, Single-photon emission computed tomography, Speckle tracking echocardiography, Superparamagnetism, Surrogate endpoint, Technetium-99m, Telemedicine, Tesla (unit), Thermography, Tissue (biology), Tomography, Ultrasound, Ultrasound research interface, Volume rendering, X-ray, 3DSlicer. Expand index (95 more) »

A-scan ultrasound biometry

A-scan ultrasound biometry, commonly referred to as an A-scan (short for Amplitude scan), is routine type of diagnostic test used in optometry or ophthalmology.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA or triple A) is a localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta such that the diameter is greater than 3 cm or more than 50% larger than normal diameter.

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Absorbed dose

Absorbed dose is a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionizing radiation.

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Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.

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American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is a professional association of physicians specializing in obstetrics and gynecology in the United States.

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Anatomy

Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

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Antenna (radio)

In radio, an antenna is the interface between radio waves propagating through space and electric currents moving in metal conductors, used with a transmitter or receiver.

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Barium

Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56.

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Biological imaging

Biological imaging may refer to any imaging technique used in biology.

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Biomarker

A biomarker, or biological marker, generally refers to a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition.

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Biomedical engineering

Biomedical engineering (BME) is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e.g. diagnostic or therapeutic).

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Birth defect

A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.

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Blood vessel

The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body.

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Brain–computer interface

A brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a neural-control interface (NCI), mind-machine interface (MMI), direct neural interface (DNI), or brain–machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between an enhanced or wired brain and an external device.

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Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.

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Broadband

In telecommunications, broadband is wide bandwidth data transmission which transports multiple signals and traffic types.

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Caesium iodide

Caesium iodide or cesium iodide (chemical formula CsI) is the ionic compound of caesium and iodine.

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Cardiology

Cardiology (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and -λογία -logia, "study") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart as well as parts of the circulatory system.

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Circulatory system

The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.

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Clinical endpoint

In a clinical research trial, a clinical endpoint generally refers to occurrence of a disease, symptom, sign or laboratory abnormality that constitutes one of the target outcomes of the trial, but may also refer to any such disease or sign that strongly motivates the withdrawal of that individual or entity from the trial, then often termed humane (clinical) endpoint.

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Clinical research

Clinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness (efficacy) of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use.

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Clinical trial

Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.

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Cloud computing

Cloud computing is an information technology (IT) paradigm that enables ubiquitous access to shared pools of configurable system resources and higher-level services that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort, often over the Internet.

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Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).

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Complications of pregnancy

Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are caused by pregnancy.

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Computer science

Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.

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Contrast agent

A contrast agent (or contrast medium) is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging.

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Corneal topography

Corneal topography, also known as photokeratoscopy or videokeratography, is a non-invasive medical imaging technique for mapping the surface curvature of the cornea, the outer structure of the eye.

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CT scan

A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.

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DICOM

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is the standard for the communication and management of medical imaging information and related data.

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Diffuse optical imaging

Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a method of imaging using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or fluorescence-based methods.

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Disease

A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.

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Doppler echocardiography

Doppler echocardiography is a procedure that uses Doppler ultrasonography to examine the heart.

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Echocardiography

An echocardiogram, often referred to as a cardiac echo or simply an echo, is a sonogram of the heart.

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Elastography

Elastography is a medical imaging modality that maps the elastic properties and stiffness of soft tissue.

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Electrical impedance tomography

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive type of medical imaging in which the electrical conductivity, permittivity, and impedance of a part of the body is inferred from surface electrode measurements and used to form a tomographic image of that part.

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Electrocardiography

Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin.

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Electroencephalography

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain.

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Electromagnetic field

An electromagnetic field (also EMF or EM field) is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects.

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Electromagnetic radiation

In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space-time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.

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Electromagnetic shielding

Electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials.

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Endoscopy

An endoscopy (looking inside) is used in medicine to look inside the body.

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Fetus

A fetus is a stage in the prenatal development of viviparous organisms.

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Fluorine-18

Fluorine-18 (18F) is a fluorine radioisotope which is an important source of positrons.

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Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior of an object.

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Focal plane tomography

In radiography, focal plane tomography is tomography (imaging a single plane, or slice, of an object) by simultaneously moving the X-ray generator and X-ray detector so as to keep a consistent exposure of only the plane of interest during image acquisition.

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Fracture

A fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress.

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Frame grabber

A frame grabber is an electronic device that captures (i.e., "grabs") individual, digital still frames from an analog video signal or a digital video stream.

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Functional imaging

Functional imaging (or physiological imaging), is a medical imaging technique of detecting or measuring changes in metabolism, blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption.

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Functional neuroimaging

Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions.

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Gamma camera

A gamma camera (γ-camera), also called a scintillation camera or Anger camera, is a device used to image gamma radiation emitting radioisotopes, a technique known as scintigraphy.

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Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) was enacted by the United States Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996.

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Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) and is defined as one cycle per second.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Image

An image (from imago) is an artifact that depicts visual perception, for example, a photo or a two-dimensional picture, that has a similar appearance to some subject—usually a physical object or a person, thus providing a depiction of it.

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Image registration

Image registration is the process of transforming different sets of data into one coordinate system.

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ImageJ

ImageJ is a public domain, Java-based image processing program developed at the National Institutes of Health.

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Indication (medicine)

In medicine, an indication is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery.

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Industry

Industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy.

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Intellectual disability

Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability, and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.

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Intercurrent disease in pregnancy

An intercurrent (or concurrent, concomitant or, in most cases, pre-existing) disease in pregnancy is a disease that is not directly caused by the pregnancy (in contrast to a complication of pregnancy), but which may become worse or be a potential risk to the pregnancy (such as causing pregnancy complications).

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Inverse problem

An inverse problem in science is the process of calculating from a set of observations the causal factors that produced them: for example, calculating an image in X-ray computed tomography, source reconstruction in acoustics, or calculating the density of the Earth from measurements of its gravity field.

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Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation (ionising radiation) is radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them.

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Iron oxide

Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen.

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Iron oxide nanoparticle

Iron oxide nanoparticles are iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers.

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Isotope

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number.

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JPEG 2000

JPEG 2000 (JP2) is an image compression standard and coding system.

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JPIP

JPIP (JPEG 2000 Interactive Protocol) is a compression streamlining protocol that works with JPEG 2000 to produce an image using the least bandwidth required.

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Ladan and Laleh Bijani

Ladan and Laleh Bijani (Persian:; January 17, 1974 – July 8, 2003) were Iranian conjoined twin sisters.

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Larmor precession

In physics, Larmor precession (named after Joseph Larmor) is the precession of the magnetic moment of an object about an external magnetic field.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Liver

The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

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Magnetic particle imaging

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging non-invasive tomographic technique that directly detects superparamagnetic nanoparticle tracers.

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Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease.

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Magnetoencephalography

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional neuroimaging technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers.

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Map

A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Medical imaging

Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology).

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Medical photography

Medical photography is a specialized area of photography that concerns itself with the documentation of the clinical presentation of patients, medical and surgical procedures, medical devices and specimens from autopsy.

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Medical physics

Medical physics (also called biomedical physics, medical biophysics or applied physics in medicine) is, generally speaking, the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine or healthcare.

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Medical privacy

Medical privacy or health privacy is the practice of maintaining the security and confidentiality of patient records.

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Medical ultrasound

Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound.

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Medicine

Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

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Minimally invasive procedures

Minimally invasive procedures (also known as minimally invasive surgeries) encompass surgical techniques that limit the size of incisions needed and so lessen wound healing time, associated pain and risk of infection.

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Miscarriage

Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.

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MRI contrast agent

MRI contrast agents are contrast agents used to improve the visibility of internal body structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

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MRI RF shielding

RF shielding for MRI rooms is necessary to prevent noise of radio frequency from entering into the MRI scanner and distorting the image.

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Near-infrared spectroscopy

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from 780 nm to 2500 nm).

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Neoplasm

Neoplasia is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.

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Neuroimaging

Neuroimaging or brain imaging is the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the nervous system.

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Neuroscience

Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation.

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Nuclear medicine

Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

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Obstetric ultrasonography

Obstetric ultrasonography is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in its mother's uterus (womb).

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Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine and surgery (both methods are used) that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eyeball and orbit.

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Optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that uses coherent light to capture micrometer-resolution, two- and three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue).

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Organ (anatomy)

Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.

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Pancreatic tumor

The pancreatic tumors (or pancreatic neoplasms) are tumors arising in the pancreas.

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Pathology

Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of pathos (πάθος), meaning "experience" or "suffering" and -logia (-λογία), "study of") is a significant field in modern medical diagnosis and medical research, concerned mainly with the causal study of disease, whether caused by pathogens or non-infectious physiological disorder.

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Perfusion scanning

Perfusion is the passage of fluid through the lymphatic system or blood vessels to an organ or a tissue.

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PET-CT

Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (better known as PET-CT or PET/CT) is a nuclear medicine technique which combines, in a single gantry, a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner and an x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner, to acquire sequential images from both devices in the same session, which are combined into a single superposed (co-registered) image.

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Photoacoustic imaging

Photoacoustic imaging (optoacoustic imaging) is a biomedical imaging modality based on the photoacoustic effect.

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Physics of magnetic resonance imaging

The physics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involves the interaction of biological tissue with electromagnetic fields.

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Physiology

Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.

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Picture archiving and communication system

A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a medical imaging technology which provides economical storage and convenient access to images from multiple modalities (source machine types).

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Pittsburgh compound B

Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) is a radioactive analog of thioflavin T, which can be used in positron emission tomography scans to image beta-amyloid plaques in neuronal tissue.

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Positron emission tomography

Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine functional imaging technique that is used to observe metabolic processes in the body as an aid to the diagnosis of disease.

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Positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging

Positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) is a hybrid imaging technology that incorporates magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) soft tissue morphological imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) functional imaging.

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Pregnancy

Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.

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Prenatal care

Prenatal care, also known as antenatal care, is a type of preventive healthcare.

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Projectional radiography

Projectional radiography is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by x-ray radiation.

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Prostate

The prostate (from Ancient Greek προστάτης, prostates, literally "one who stands before", "protector", "guardian") is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals.

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Protected health information

Protected health information (PHI) under the US law is any information about health status, provision of health care, or payment for health care that is created or collected by a Covered Entity (or a Business Associate of a Covered Entity), and can be linked to a specific individual.

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Proton

| magnetic_moment.

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Psychiatry

Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of mental disorders.

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Psychology

Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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Radio frequency

Radio frequency (RF) refers to oscillatory change in voltage or current in a circuit, waveguide or transmission line in the range extending from around twenty thousand times per second to around three hundred billion times per second, roughly between the upper limit of audio and the lower limit of infrared.

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Radiodensity

Radiodensity (or radiopacity) is opacity to the radio wave and X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum: that is, the relative inability of those kinds of electromagnetic radiation to pass through a particular material.

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Radiographer

Radiographers, also known as radiologic technologists, diagnostic radiographers and medical radiation technologists are healthcare professionals who specialise in the imaging of human anatomy for the diagnosis and treatment of pathology.

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Radiography

Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays to view the internal form of an object.

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Radiological information system

A radiological information system (RIS) is the core system for the electronic management of imaging departments.

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Radiology

Radiology is the science that uses medical imaging to diagnose and sometimes also treat diseases within the body.

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Radionuclide

A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable.

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Radon transform

In mathematics, the Radon transform is the integral transform which takes a function f defined on the plane to a function Rf defined on the (two-dimensional) space of lines in the plane, whose value at a particular line is equal to the line integral of the function over that line.

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Related rights

In copyright law, related rights (or neighbouring rights) are the rights of a creative work not connected with the work's actual author.

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Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is a method of examination of the eye.

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Scintigraphy

Scintigraphy ("scint", Latin scintilla, spark) is a diagnostic test in nuclear medicine, where radioisotopes attached to drugs that travel to a specific organ or tissue (radiopharmaceuticals) are taken internally and the emitted gamma radiation is captured by external detectors (gamma cameras) to form two-dimensional images in a similar process to the capture of x-ray images.

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Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test, also known in statistics as a classification function.

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Single-photon emission computed tomography

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, or less commonly, SPET) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays.

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Speckle tracking echocardiography

In the fields of cardiology and medical imaging, Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE) is an echocardiographic imaging technique that analyzes the motion of tissues in the heart by using the naturally occurring speckle pattern in the myocardium or blood when imaged by ultrasound.

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Superparamagnetism

Superparamagnetism is a form of magnetism which appears in small ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles.

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Surrogate endpoint

In clinical trials, a surrogate endpoint (or marker) is a measure of effect of a specific treatment that may correlate with a real clinical endpoint but does not necessarily have a guaranteed relationship.

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Technetium-99m

Technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99 (itself an isotope of technetium), symbolized as 99mTc, that is used in tens of millions of medical diagnostic procedures annually, making it the most commonly used medical radioisotope.

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Telemedicine

Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication and information technology to provide clinical health care from a distance.

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Tesla (unit)

The tesla (symbol T) is a derived unit of magnetic flux density (informally, magnetic field strength) in the International System of Units.

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Thermography

Infrared thermography (IRT), thermal imaging, and thermal video are examples of infrared imaging science.

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Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.

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Tomography

Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating wave.

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Ultrasound

Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing.

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Ultrasound research interface

An ultrasound research interface (URI) is a software tool loaded onto a diagnostic clinical ultrasound device which provides functionality beyond typical clinical modes of operation.

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Volume rendering

In scientific visualization and computer graphics, volume rendering is a set of techniques used to display a 2D projection of a 3D discretely sampled data set, typically a 3D scalar field.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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3DSlicer

3D Slicer (Slicer) is a free and open source software package for image analysis and scientific visualization.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_imaging

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