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Modern architecture

Index Modern architecture

Modern architecture or modernist architecture is a term applied to a group of styles of architecture which emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II. [1]

462 relations: Abraham Zabludovsky, Académie de la Grande Chaumière, Adolf Loos, Adolf Meyer (architect), AEG, Affonso Eduardo Reidy, Albert Einstein, Albert Speer, Aldo van Eyck, Alexander Calder, Alexander Rodchenko, Alexey Shchusev, Alfeld, Alvar Aalto, American Academy in Rome, American Radiator Building, Amsterdam, Antoine Bourdelle, Antoni Gaudí, Arab World Institute, Arata Isozaki, Arbat Street, Architectural glass, Architecture, Arne Jacobsen, Art Deco, Art Nouveau, Arthur Heurtley House, Asmara, Athens Charter, Auguste Perret, Augusto H. Álvarez, Austrian Postal Savings Bank, Bangladesh, Barcelona, Barcelona Pavilion, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, Basel, Battle of the Pyramids, Bauhaus, Beaux-Arts architecture, Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Berlin Modernism Housing Estates, Berlin Wall, Bilbao, Boris Iofan, Boulder, Colorado, Brasília, Brazil, Brick Expressionism, ..., Bruno Taut, Buffalo, New York, Casa Batlló, Cass Gilbert, Cast iron, Cathedral of Brasília, Centre Georges Pompidou, Chandigarh, Chandler, Arizona, Charles and Ray Eames, Charles Jencks, Charles Moore (architect), Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Charles, Prince of Wales, Chicago, Child of the Sun, Chilehaus, Chrysler Building, Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine, Ciudad Universitaria, Cologne, Columbushaus, Communist International, Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne, Conservatorio Nacional de Música (Mexico), Constance Perkins House, Constructivist architecture, Cornell University, Critical regionalism, Cross & Cross, Crystal Cathedral, Curtain wall (architecture), Dariush Borbor, De Bijenkorf, De Stijl, Denver Public Library, Denys Lasdun, Dessau, Deutscher Werkbund, Dhaka, Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, Docomomo International, Dornach, Dymaxion house, Eames House, Eclecticism in art, Edward Durell Stone, Edwardian architecture, Eero Saarinen, Eiffel Tower, Einstein Tower, Einsteinium, El Colegio de México, Elevator, Eliel Saarinen, Elisha Otis, Empire State Building, Ennis House, Erich Mendelsohn, Ernst May, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne, Exposition Universelle (1889), Expressionism, Fagus Factory, Fallingwater, Farnsworth House, Fascist architecture, Feng shui, First Unitarian Church of Rochester, Flatiron Building, Florida Southern College, Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain, Fondation Le Corbusier, Fondation Maeght, Fort Worth, Texas, François Coignet, France, Frank Gehry, Frank Lloyd Wright, Futurism, Futurist, Galeries Lafayette, Garden Grove, California, Gateway Arch, General Electric Building, General Motors Technical Center, German Revolution of 1918–19, Gerrit Rietveld, Getty Center, Gio Ponti, Giuseppe Terragni, Glasgow School of Art, Glass, Glass House, Glass Pavilion, Goethe University Frankfurt, Goetheanum, Gothic Revival architecture, Grand Rex, Great Depression, Green Building (MIT), Großes Schauspielhaus, Guardian Building, Guernica, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Guild House (Philadelphia), Gunnar Asplund, Gustav Klimt, Gustav Peichl, Hamburg, Hans Poelzig, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Harvard Law School, Harvard Science Center, Haryana, Headquarters of the United Nations, Hector Guimard, Henri Sauvage, Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Hermann Finsterlin, Hermann Muthesius, Herzog & de Meuron, Het Schip, High Museum of Art, High-tech architecture, Hilversum, Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, Hokusai, Home Insurance Building, Hong Kong, Hoover Dam, Houston, HSBC Building (Hong Kong), Hyères, I. M. Pei, IDS Center, IG Farben Building, Illinois Institute of Technology, Industrial design, Ingalls Rink, International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts, International Style (architecture), Ithaca, New York, Ivanovo, Jacques Carlu, James Stirling (architect), Jan Duiker, Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban, Jørn Utzon, Jean Nouvel, Johann Friedrich Höger, Johannes Krahn, John F. Kennedy International Airport, John O. Merrill, Johnson Wax Headquarters, Josef Albers, Josef Frank (architect), Josef Hoffmann, Josep Lluís Sert, Joseph Paxton, Karlsplatz, Kazimir Malevich, Kenzō Tange, Kharkiv, Kimbell Art Museum, Konstantin Melnikov, Kraków, Kunio Maekawa, Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, La Samaritaine, Lake Geneva, Lakeland, Florida, Larkin Administration Building, Léon Azéma, Lúcio Costa, Le Corbusier, Le Havre, League of Nations, Leendert van der Vlugt, Lenin's Mausoleum, Lever House, Liège, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, List of Guggenheim Museums, List of post-war Category A listed buildings in Scotland, Litchfield, Connecticut, Lloyd's building, Long Beach Main Post Office, Los Angeles, Louis Kahn, Louis Skidmore, Louis Sullivan, Louis-Hippolyte Boileau, Louvre, Lovell House, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Luis Barragán, Luis Barragán House and Studio, Lustron house, Magnitogorsk, Manufacturers Trust Company Building, Marcel Breuer, Mario Pani, Mark Jarzombek, Marseille, Mart Stam, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Max Abramovitz, Max Reinhardt, Mayan Revival architecture, Mesa Laboratory, MetLife Building, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center), Mexico City, Michael Graves, Michel de Klerk, Mikhail Larionov, Milan, Minoru Yamasaki, Modern art, Modern furniture, Moisei Ginzburg, Moscow, Mossehaus, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Museum of Modern Art, Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro, Narkomfin building, Nathaniel A. Owings, National Autonomous University of Mexico, National Center for Atmospheric Research, National Gallery of Art, Nazi architecture, Neoclassical architecture, Neoclassicism, Neutra Office Building, New Canaan, Connecticut, New Haven, Connecticut, New Objectivity, New Orleans, New York City, Newport Beach, California, Nissen hut, Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, Notre Dame du Haut, Nuremberg, Oak Park, Illinois, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, One World Trade Center, Open air school, Organic architecture, Oscar Niemeyer, Otto Wagner, Pablo Picasso, Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, Palace of the Soviets, Palais de Chaillot, Palais de Tokyo, Palácio do Planalto, Pan-Pacific Auditorium, Pasadena, California, Paul Klee, Pedro Ramírez Vázquez, Peter Behrens, Philip Johnson, Piazza d'Italia (New Orleans), Pier Luigi Nervi, Pierre Chareau, Piet Kramer, Pirelli Tower, Pittsburgh, Plano, Illinois, Plate glass, Poissy, Portland Building, Postconstructivism, Postmodern architecture, PPG Place, Prairie School, Prefabricated building, Price Tower, Pritzker Architecture Prize, Prudential (Guaranty) Building, Public Works Administration, Punjab, India, PWA Moderne, Quonset hut, Rafael Mijares Alcérreca, Rationalism (architecture), Raymond Hood, Rayonism, Reinforced concrete, Renzo Piano, Richard Meier, Richard Neutra, Richard Riemerschmid, Richard Rogers, Richards Medical Research Laboratories, Rietveld Schröder House, Rio de Janeiro, River Forest, Illinois, Robert Mallet-Stevens, Robert Venturi, Robie House, Rockefeller Center, Rockefeller family, Rocky Mountains, Ronchamp, Rotterdam, Royal National Theatre, Rudolf Steiner, Rudolph Schindler (architect), Rusakov Workers' Club, Russian Revolution, S. R. Crown Hall, Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Sainte Marie de La Tourette, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, Scenography, Seagram Building, Second Spanish Republic, Shepherd's Grove, Siemens, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Skyscraper, Solomon R. Guggenheim, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Soviet Union, Spain, Special English, St. Louis, St. Martin, Idstein, Steel, Steiner House, Stillman House, Stoclet Palace, Streamline Moderne, Structuralism (architecture), Stuttgart, Sullivan Center, Suprematism, Sven Markelius, Switzerland, Sydney Opera House, Tate Modern, Teodoro González de León, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, The Architects Collaborative, The Crystal Palace, The Great Exhibition, The Hague, The Modernist City, The Pentagon, Theodor Fischer, Thomas Chippendale, Tony Garnier (architect), Torre Insignia, Torre Latinoamericana, TWA Flight Center, UNESCO, Unité d'habitation, Unity Temple, University City of Caracas, University of Pennsylvania, Van Nelle Factory, Vesnin brothers, Victor Bourgeois, Victor Horta, Victorian architecture, Vienna Secession, Villa La Roche, Villa Noailles, Villa Paul Poiret, Villa Savoye, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Vladimir Tatlin, Voice of America, Wallace Harrison, Walt Disney Concert Hall, Walter Gropius, Warszawa Centralna railway station, Wassily Kandinsky, Weimar, Weissenhof Estate, White City (Tel Aviv), William Le Baron Jenney, William Van Alen, William Zeckendorf, Williams Tower, Willis Tower, Winslow House (River Forest, Illinois), Wirt C. Rowland, Woolworth Building, World Heritage site, World Monuments Fund, World War II, Yale University, Yekaterinburg, Yoyogi National Gymnasium, Zaporizhia, Zonnestraal (estate), 1929 Barcelona International Exposition, 1939 New York World's Fair, 1964 Summer Olympics, 1985 Mexico City earthquake, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, 550 Madison Avenue. Expand index (412 more) »

Abraham Zabludovsky

Abraham Zabludovsky (born Abraham Zabludowski Kraveski; June 14, 1924 – April 10, 2003) was a Mexican architect.

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Académie de la Grande Chaumière

The Académie de la Grande Chaumière is an art school in the Montparnasse district of Paris, France.

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Adolf Loos

Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos (10 December 1870 – 23 August 1933) was an Austrian and Czech architect and influential European theorist of modern architecture.

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Adolf Meyer (architect)

Adolf Meyer (17 June, 1881, 14 July, 1929, the Island of) was a German architect.

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AEG

Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AG (AEG) (German: "General electricity company") was a German producer of electrical equipment founded as the Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität in 1883 in Berlin by Emil Rathenau.

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Affonso Eduardo Reidy

Affonso Eduardo Reidy (Paris, October 26, 1909 - Rio de Janeiro, August 10, 1964) was a Brazilian architect.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).

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Albert Speer

Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (March 19, 1905 – September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for most of World War II, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production for Nazi Germany.

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Aldo van Eyck

Aldo van Eyck (16 March 1918 – 14 January 1999) was an architect from the Netherlands.

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Alexander Calder

Alexander Calder (July 22, 1898 – November 11, 1976) is widely considered to be one of the most important American sculptors of the 20th century.

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Alexander Rodchenko

Aleksander Mikhailovich Rodchenko (Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Ро́дченко; – December 3, 1956) was a Russian artist, sculptor, photographer and graphic designer.

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Alexey Shchusev

Alexey Viktorovich Shchusev (Алексе́й Ви́кторович Щу́сев; – 24 May 1949) was an acclaimed Russian and Soviet architect whose works may be regarded as a bridge connecting Revivalist architecture of Imperial Russia with Stalin's Empire Style.

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Alfeld

Alfeld is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Alvar Aalto

Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer.

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American Academy in Rome

The American Academy in Rome is a research and arts institution located on the Gianicolo (Janiculum Hill) in Rome.

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American Radiator Building

The American Radiator Building (since renamed to the American Standard Building) is a landmark skyscraper located at 40 West 40th Street, in midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.

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Antoine Bourdelle

Antoine Bourdelle (30 October 1861 – 1 October 1929), born Émile Antoine Bordelles, was an influential and prolific French sculptor, painter, and teacher.

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Antoni Gaudí

Antoni Gaudí i Cornet (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926) was a Spanish architect from Catalonia.

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Arab World Institute

The Arab World Institute (abbreviated "AWI"; French: Institut du Monde Arabe, abbreviated "IMA") is an organization founded in Paris in 1980 by 18 Arab countries with France to research and disseminate information about the Arab world and its cultural and spiritual values.

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Arata Isozaki

Arata Isozaki (磯崎 新, Isozaki Arata; born 23 July 1931) is a Japanese architect from Ōita.

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Arbat Street

Arbat Street (Russian), mainly referred to in English as the Arbat, is a pedestrian street about one kilometer long in the historical centre of Moscow, Russia.

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Architectural glass

Architectural glass is glass that is used as a building material.

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Architecture

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.

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Arne Jacobsen

Arne Emil Jacobsen, Hon. FAIA (11 February 1902 – 24 March 1971) was a Danish architect and designer.

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Art Deco

Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners.

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Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, that was most popular between 1890 and 1910.

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Arthur Heurtley House

The Arthur B. Heurtley House is located in the Chicago suburb of Oak Park, Illinois, United States.

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Asmara

Asmara (ኣስመራ), known locally as Asmera (meaning "They made them unite" in Tigrinya), is the capital city and largest city of Eritrea.

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Athens Charter

The Athens Charter (Charte d'Athènes) was a 1933 document about urban planning published by the Swiss architect Le Corbusier.

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Auguste Perret

Auguste Perret (12 February 1874 – 25 February 1954) was a French architect and a pioneer of the architectural use of reinforced concrete.

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Augusto H. Álvarez

Augusto Harold Álvarez García (b. Mérida, Yucatán, December 24, 1914 – d. Mexico City, November 29, 1995) was a Mexican Modernist architect.

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Austrian Postal Savings Bank

The Austrian Postal Savings Bank building (German language: Österreichische Postsparkasse) is a famous modernist building in Vienna, designed and built by the architect Otto Wagner.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Barcelona

Barcelona is a city in Spain.

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Barcelona Pavilion

The Barcelona Pavilion (Pavelló alemany; Pabellón alemán; "German Pavilion"), designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, was the German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, Spain.

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Bartlesville, Oklahoma

Bartlesville is a city mostly in Washington County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

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Basel

Basel (also Basle; Basel; Bâle; Basilea) is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine.

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Battle of the Pyramids

The Battle of the Pyramids, also known as the Battle of Embabeh, was a major engagement fought on July 21, 1798 during the French Invasion of Egypt.

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Bauhaus

Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught.

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Beaux-Arts architecture

Beaux-Arts architecture was the academic architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, particularly from the 1830s to the end of the 19th century.

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Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library

The Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library is the rare book library and literary archive of the Yale University Library in New Haven, Connecticut.

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Berlin Modernism Housing Estates

Berlin Modernism Housing Estates (Siedlungen der Berliner Moderne) are an ensemble of six subsidized housing estates from the early 20th century, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.

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Bilbao

Bilbao (Bilbo) is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole.

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Boris Iofan

Boris Mihailovich Iofan (p; April 28, 1891–1976) was a Jewish Soviet architect, known for his Stalinist architecture buildings like 1931 House on the Embankment and the 1931-1933 winning draft of the Palace of Soviets.

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Boulder, Colorado

Boulder is the home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Boulder County, and the 11th most populous municipality in the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Brasília

Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Brick Expressionism

The term Brick Expressionism (Backsteinexpressionismus) describes a specific variant of expressionist architecture that uses bricks, tiles or clinker bricks as the main visible building material.

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Bruno Taut

Bruno Julius Florian Taut (4 May 1880 – 24 December 1938) was a prolific German architect, urban planner and author active during the Weimar period.

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Buffalo, New York

Buffalo is the second largest city in the state of New York and the 81st most populous city in the United States.

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Casa Batlló

Casa Batlló is a building in the center of Barcelona.

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Cass Gilbert

Cass Gilbert (November 24, 1859 – May 17, 1934) was a prominent American architect.

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Cast iron

Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2%.

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Cathedral of Brasília

The Cathedral of Brasília (Portuguese: Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida, "Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady of Aparecida") is the Roman Catholic cathedral serving Brasília, Brazil, and serves as the seat of the Archdiocese of Brasília.

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Centre Georges Pompidou

Centre Georges Pompidou, commonly shortened to Centre Pompidou and also known as the Pompidou Centre in English, is a complex building in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement of Paris, near Les Halles, rue Montorgueil, and the Marais.

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Chandigarh

Chandigarh is a city and a union territory in India that serves as the capital of the two neighbouring states of Haryana and Punjab.

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Chandler, Arizona

Chandler is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, and a prominent suburb of the Phoenix, Arizona, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).

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Charles and Ray Eames

Charles Ormond Eames, Jr. (1907–1978) and Bernice Alexandra "Ray" Kaiser Eames (1912–1988) were an American design married couple who made significant historical contributions to the development of modern architecture and furniture.

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Charles Jencks

Charles Alexander Jencks (born June 21, 1939) is a cultural theorist, landscape designer, architectural historian, and co-founder of the Maggie’s Cancer Care Centres.

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Charles Moore (architect)

Charles Willard Moore (October 31, 1925 – December 16, 1993) was an American architect, educator, writer, Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and winner of the AIA Gold Medal in 1991.

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Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Charles Rennie Mackintosh (7 June 1868 – 10 December 1928) was a Scottish architect, designer, water colourist and artist.

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Charles, Prince of Wales

Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is the heir apparent to the British throne as the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II.

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Chicago

Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.

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Child of the Sun

Child of the Sun, also known as the Florida Southern College Architectural District is a group of buildings designed for the campus of the Florida Southern College in Lakeland, Florida, United States, by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright from 1941 through 1958.

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Chilehaus

The Chilehaus (Chile House) is a ten-story office building in Hamburg, Germany.

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Chrysler Building

The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco–style skyscraper located on the East Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan.

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Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine

The Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine (Architecture and Heritage City) is a museum of architecture and monumental sculpture located in the Palais de Chaillot (Trocadéro), in Paris, France.

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Ciudad Universitaria

Ciudad Universitaria (University City), Mexico, is the main campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Coyoacán borough in the southern part of Mexico City.

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Cologne

Cologne (Köln,, Kölle) is the largest city in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth most populated city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich).

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Columbushaus

The Columbushaus (Columbus House) was a nine-storey modernist office and shopping building in Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, designed by Erich Mendelsohn and completed in 1932.

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Communist International

The Communist International (Comintern), known also as the Third International (1919–1943), was an international communist organization that advocated world communism.

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Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne

The Congrès internationaux d'architecture moderne (CIAM), or International Congresses of Modern Architecture, was an organization founded in 1928 and disbanded in 1959, responsible for a series of events and congresses arranged across Europe by the most prominent architects of the time, with the objective of spreading the principles of the Modern Movement focusing in all the main domains of architecture (such as landscape, urbanism, industrial design, and many others).

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Conservatorio Nacional de Música (Mexico)

The Conservatorio Nacional de Música (National Conservatory of Music, in Spanish) is a music conservatory located in the Polanco neighborhood of Mexico City, Federal District, Mexico.

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Constance Perkins House

The Constance Perkins House is a house designed by Richard Neutra and built in Pasadena, California, 1952-55.

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Constructivist architecture

Constructivist architecture was a form of modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s.

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Cornell University

Cornell University is a private and statutory Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York.

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Critical regionalism

Critical regionalism is an approach to architecture that strives to counter the placelessness and lack of identity of the International Style, but also rejects the whimsical individualism and ornamentation of Postmodern architecture.

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Cross & Cross

Cross & Cross (1907–1942) was a New York City based architectural firm founded by brothers John Walter Cross (1878-1951) and Eliot Cross (1884-1949).

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Crystal Cathedral

The Crystal Cathedral is a church building of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange in Garden Grove, Orange County, California, in the United States.

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Curtain wall (architecture)

A curtain wall system is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, utilized to keep the weather out and the occupants in.

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Dariush Borbor

Dariush Borbor (داریوش بوربور, born April 28, 1934), is an Iranian-French architect, urban planner, designer, sculptor, painter, researcher and writer.

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De Bijenkorf

De Bijenkorf (literally, "the beehive") is a chain of high-end department stores in the Netherlands with its flagship store on Dam Square, Amsterdam.

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De Stijl

De Stijl, Dutch for "The Style", also known as Neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 in Leiden.

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Denver Public Library

Denver Public Library is the public library system of the City and County of Denver, Colorado.

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Denys Lasdun

Sir Denys Louis Lasdun, CH, CBE (8 September 1914, Kensington, London – 11 January 2001, Fulham, London) was an eminent English architect, the son of Nathan Lasdun 1879-1920, and Julie (née Abrahams 1884-1963).

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Dessau

Dessau is a town and former municipality in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Deutscher Werkbund

The Deutscher Werkbund (German Association of Craftsmen) is a German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists, established in 1907.

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Dhaka

Dhaka (or; ঢাকা); formerly known as Dacca is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh.

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Dnieper Hydroelectric Station

The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station (ДніпроГЕС - DniproHES, ДнепроГЭС - DneproGES, also known as Dneprostroi Dam) is the largest hydroelectric power station on the Dnieper River, located in Zaporizhia, Ukraine.

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Docomomo International

Docomomo International (sometimes written as DoCoMoMo or simply Docomomo) is a non-profit organization whose full title is International Committee for Documentation and Conservation of Buildings, Sites and Neighbourhoods of the Modern Movement.

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Dornach

Dornach (Swiss German: Dornech) is a municipality in the district of Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

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Dymaxion house

The Dymaxion House was developed by inventor and architect Buckminster Fuller to address several perceived shortcomings with existing homebuilding techniques.

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Eames House

The Eames House (also known as Case Study House No. 8) is a landmark of mid-20th century modern architecture located at 203 North Chautauqua Boulevard in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles.

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Eclecticism in art

Eclecticism is a kind of mixed style in the fine arts: "the borrowing of a variety of styles from different sources and combining them".

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Edward Durell Stone

Edward Durell Stone (March 9, 1902 – August 6, 1978) was a twentieth century American architect.

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Edwardian architecture

Edwardian architecture is an architectural style popular during the reign of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1901 to 1910).

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Eero Saarinen

Eero Saarinen (August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was a Finnish American architect and industrial designer noted for his neo-futuristic style.

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Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower (tour Eiffel) is a wrought iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France.

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Einstein Tower

The Einstein Tower (German: Einsteinturm) is an astrophysical observatory in the Albert Einstein Science Park in Potsdam, Germany built by architect Erich Mendelsohn.

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Einsteinium

Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99.

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El Colegio de México

El Colegio de México, A.C. (commonly known as Colmex, English: The College of Mexico) is a prestigious Mexican institute of higher education, specializing in teaching and research in social sciences and humanities.

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Elevator

An elevator (US and Canada) or lift (UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and South Africa, Nigeria) is a type of vertical transportation that moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure.

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Eliel Saarinen

Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen (August 20, 1873 – July 1, 1950) was a Finnish architect known for his work with art nouveau buildings in the early years of the 20th century.

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Elisha Otis

Elisha Graves Otis (August 3, 1811 – April 8, 1861) was an American industrialist, founder of the Otis Elevator Company, and inventor of a safety device that prevents elevators from falling if the hoisting cable fails.

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Empire State Building

The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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Ennis House

The Ennis House is a residential dwelling in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States, south of Griffith Park.

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Erich Mendelsohn

Erich Mendelsohn (21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) was a Jewish German architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinemas.

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Ernst May

Ernst May (27 July 1886 – 11 September 1970) was a German architect and city planner.

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Eugène Viollet-le-Duc

Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (27 January 1814 – 17 September 1879) was a French architect and author who restored many prominent medieval landmarks in France, including those which had been damaged or abandoned during the French Revolution.

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Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne

The Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (International Exposition of Art and Technology in Modern Life) was held from 25 May to 25 November 1937 in Paris, France.

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Exposition Universelle (1889)

The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 6 May to 31 October 1889.

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Expressionism

Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Fagus Factory

The Fagus Factory (German: Fagus Fabrik or Fagus Werk), a shoe last factory in Alfeld on the Leine, Lower Saxony, Germany, is an important example of early modern architecture.

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Fallingwater

Fallingwater is a house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania, southeast of Pittsburgh.

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Farnsworth House

The Farnsworth House was designed and constructed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1945 and 1951.

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Fascist architecture

Fascist architecture is a style of architecture developed by architects of fascist societies in the early 20th century.

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Feng shui

Feng shui (pronounced), also known as Chinese geomancy, is a pseudoscience originating from China, which claims to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their surrounding environment.

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First Unitarian Church of Rochester

The First Unitarian Church of Rochester is located at 220 Winton Road South in Rochester, New York, U.S. The congregation is one of the largest in its denomination, the Unitarian Universalist Association.

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Flatiron Building

The Flatiron Building, originally the Fuller Building, is a triangular 22-story steel-framed landmarked building located at 175 Fifth Avenue in the borough of Manhattan, New York City, which is considered to be a groundbreaking skyscraper.

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Florida Southern College

Florida Southern College (Florida Southern, Southern or FSC) is a private college in Lakeland, Florida.

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Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain

The Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain, often known simply as the Fondation Cartier, is a contemporary art museum located at 261 boulevard Raspail in the 14th arrondissement of the French capital, Paris.

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Fondation Le Corbusier

Fondation Le Corbusier is a private foundation and archive honoring the work of architect Le Corbusier (1887–1965).

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Fondation Maeght

The Maeght Foundation or Fondation Maeght is a museum of modern art on the Colline des Gardettes, a hill overlooking Saint-Paul de Vence in the southeast of France about from Nice.

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Fort Worth, Texas

Fort Worth is the 15th-largest city in the United States and the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas.

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François Coignet

François Coignet (10 February 1814 – 30 October 1888) was a French industrialist of the nineteenth century.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Frank Gehry

Frank Owen Gehry,, FAIA (born Frank Owen Goldberg)Reinhart, Anthony (July 28, 2010), Globe and Mail is a Canadian-born American architect, residing in Los Angeles.

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Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed.

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Futurism

Futurism (Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century.

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Futurist

Futurists or futurologists are scientists and social scientists whose specialty is futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities about the future and how they can emerge from the present, whether that of human society in particular or of life on Earth in general.

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Galeries Lafayette

The Galeries Lafayette is an upmarket French department store chain.

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Garden Grove, California

Garden Grove is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States, located southeast of the city of Los Angeles.

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Gateway Arch

The Gateway Arch is a monument in St. Louis, Missouri, United States.

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General Electric Building

The General Electric Building, also known as 570 Lexington Avenue, is a historic 50-floor, -tall, skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, at the southwest corner of Lexington Avenue and 51st Street). Originally known as the RCA Victor Building when designed in 1931 by John W. Cross of Cross & Cross, it is sometimes known by its address to avoid confusion with the much later renaming – in 1988 – of the RCA Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza as the "GE Building", itself later renamed the "Comcast Building". The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1985,, p.119 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

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General Motors Technical Center

The GM Technical Center is a General Motors facility in Warren, Michigan.

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German Revolution of 1918–19

The German Revolution or November Revolution (Novemberrevolution) was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic.

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Gerrit Rietveld

Gerrit Thomas Rietveld (24 June 1888 – 25 June 1964) was a Dutch furniture designer and architect.

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Getty Center

The Getty Center, in Los Angeles, California, is a campus of the Getty Museum and other programs of the Getty Trust.

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Gio Ponti

Giovanni "Gio" Ponti (18 November 1891 – 16 September 1979) was an Italian architect, industrial designer, furniture designer, artist, and publisher.

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Giuseppe Terragni

Giuseppe Terragni (18 April 1904 – 19 July 1943) was an Italian architect who worked primarily under the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and pioneered the Italian modern movement under the rubric of Rationalism.

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Glasgow School of Art

The Glasgow School of Art (GSA) is Scotland's only public self-governing art school offering university-level programmes and research in architecture, fine art and design.

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Glass

Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics.

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Glass House

The Glass House, or Johnson house, is a historic house museum on Ponus Ridge Road in New Canaan, Connecticut.

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Glass Pavilion

The Glass Pavilion, designed by Bruno Taut and built in 1914, was a prismatic glass dome structure at the Cologne Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition.

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Goethe University Frankfurt

Goethe University Frankfurt (Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main) is a university located in Frankfurt, Germany.

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Goetheanum

The Goetheanum, located in Dornach, Switzerland, is the world center for the anthroposophical movement.

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Gothic Revival architecture

Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England.

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Grand Rex

Le Grand Rex is a cinema and concert venue in Paris, France.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Green Building (MIT)

The Cecil and Ida Green Building, also called the Green Building or Building 54, is an academic and research building at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States and houses the MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.

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Großes Schauspielhaus

The Großes Schauspielhaus (Great Theater) was a theatre in Berlin, Germany, often described as an example of expressionist architecture, designed by Hans Poelzig for theatre impresario Max Reinhardt.

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Guardian Building

The Guardian Building is a landmark skyscraper in the United States, located at 500 Griswold Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, within the Financial District.

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Guernica

Guernica, official and Basque name Gernika, is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain.

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Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a museum of modern and contemporary art designed by Canadian-American architect Frank Gehry, and located in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.

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Guild House (Philadelphia)

Guild House is a residential building in Philadelphia which is an important and influential work of 20th-century architecture and was the first major work by Robert Venturi.

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Gunnar Asplund

Erik Gunnar Asplund (22 September 1885 – 20 October 1940) was a Swedish architect, mostly known as a key representative of Nordic Classicism of the 1920s, and during the last decade of his life as a major proponent of the modernist style which made its breakthrough in Sweden at the Stockholm International Exhibition (1930).

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Gustav Klimt

Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement.

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Gustav Peichl

Gustav Peichl (born 18 March 1928 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian architect.

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Hamburg

Hamburg (locally), Hamborg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),Constitution of Hamburg), is the second-largest city of Germany as well as one of the country's 16 constituent states, with a population of roughly 1.8 million people. The city lies at the core of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region which spreads across four German federal states and is home to more than five million people. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. The city has repeatedly been beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, exceptional coastal flooding and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids. Historians remark that the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. Situated on the river Elbe, Hamburg is home to Europe's second-largest port and a broad corporate base. In media, the major regional broadcasting firm NDR, the printing and publishing firm italic and the newspapers italic and italic are based in the city. Hamburg remains an important financial center, the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, italic, italic, italic, and Unilever. The city is a forum for and has specialists in world economics and international law with such consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. In recent years, the city has played host to multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Former German Chancellor italic, who governed Germany for eight years, and Angela Merkel, German chancellor since 2005, come from Hamburg. The city is a major international and domestic tourist destination. It ranked 18th in the world for livability in 2016. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. Among its most notable cultural venues are the italic and italic concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's italic is among the best-known European entertainment districts.

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Hans Poelzig

Hans Poelzig (30 April 1869 – 14 June 1936) was a German architect, painter and set designer.

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Harvard Graduate School of Design

The Harvard Graduate School of Design (also known as The GSD) is a professional graduate school at Harvard University, located at Gund Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Harvard Law School

Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Harvard Science Center

The Harvard University Science Center is Harvard's main classroom and laboratory building for undergraduate science and mathematics, in addition to housing numerous other facilities and services.

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Haryana

Haryana, carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1November 1966 on linguistic basis, is one of the 29 states in India.

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Headquarters of the United Nations

The United Nations is headquartered in New York City, in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and built by the architectural firm Harrison & Abramovitz.

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Hector Guimard

Hector Guimard (10 March 1867 – 20 May 1942) was a French architect, who is now the best-known representative of the Art Nouveau style of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Henri Sauvage

Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris), was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century.

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Henry-Russell Hitchcock

Henry-Russell Hitchcock (1903–1987) was an American architectural historian.

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Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art

The Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art ("The Johnson Museum") is an art museum located on the northwest corner of the Arts Quad on the main campus of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

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Hermann Finsterlin

Hermann Finsterlin (18 August 1887 – 16 September 1973) was a German visionary architect, painter, poet, essayist, toymaker and composer.

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Hermann Muthesius

Adam Gottlieb Hermann Muthesius (20 April 1861 – 29 October 1927), known as Hermann Muthesius, was a German architect, author and diplomat, perhaps best known for promoting many of the ideas of the English Arts and Crafts movement within Germany and for his subsequent influence on early pioneers of German architectural modernism such as the Bauhaus.

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Herzog & de Meuron

Herzog & de Meuron Basel Ltd.,"." Herzog & de Meuron.

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Het Schip

Het Schip ("The Ship") is an apartment building in the Spaarndammerbuurt district of Amsterdam, built in the architectural style of the Amsterdam School of Expressionist architecture.

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High Museum of Art

The High Museum of Art (colloquially the High), located in Atlanta, is a leading art museum in the Southeastern United States.

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High-tech architecture

High-tech architecture, also known as Structural Expressionism, is a type of Late Modern architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.

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Hilversum

Hilversum is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands.

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Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum is a museum located in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, in central Hiroshima, Japan, dedicated to documenting the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in World War II.

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Hokusai

was a Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period.

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Home Insurance Building

The Home Insurance Building was a skyscraper in Chicago, United States, designed by William Le Baron Jenney in 1884.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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Hoover Dam

Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona.

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Houston

Houston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, with a census-estimated 2017 population of 2.312 million within a land area of.

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HSBC Building (Hong Kong)

HSBC Main Building is a headquarters building of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, which is today a wholly owned subsidiary of London-based HSBC Holdings.

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Hyères

Hyères, Provençal Occitan: Ieras in classical norm, or Iero in Mistralian norm) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. The old town lies from the sea clustered around the Castle of Saint Bernard, which is set on a hill. Between the old town and the sea lies the pine-covered hill of Costebelle, which overlooks the peninsula of Giens. Hyères is the oldest resort on the French Riviera.

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I. M. Pei

Ieoh Ming Pei, FAIA, RIBA – website of Pei Cobb Freed & Partners (born 26 April 1917), commonly known as I. M.

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IDS Center

The IDS Center is an office skyscraper located at 80 South 8th Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

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IG Farben Building

The IG Farben Building, also known as the Poelzig Building, formerly informally called The Pentagon of Europe, is a building complex in Frankfurt, Germany, which currently serves as the main building of the West End Campus of the University of Frankfurt.

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Illinois Institute of Technology

Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech or IIT) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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Industrial design

Industrial design is a process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production.

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Ingalls Rink

David S. Ingalls Rink is a hockey rink in New Haven, Connecticut, designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1958 for Yale University.

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International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts

The International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts (Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes) was a World's fair held in Paris, France, from April to October 1925.

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International Style (architecture)

The International Style is the name of a major architectural style that developed in the 1920s and 1930s and strongly related to Modernism and Modern architecture.

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Ithaca, New York

Ithaca is a city in the Finger Lakes region of New York.

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Ivanovo

Ivanovo (p) is a city and the administrative center of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia, located from Moscow and approximately from Yaroslavl, Vladimir, and Kostroma.

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Jacques Carlu

Jacques Carlu (7 April 1890 Bonnières-sur-Seine – 3 December 1976 Paris) was a French architect and designer, working mostly in Art Deco style, active in France, Canada, and in the United States.

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James Stirling (architect)

Sir James Frazer Stirling (22 April 1926 – 25 June 1992) was a British architect.

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Jan Duiker

Jan Duiker (also Johannes Duiker) (The Hague, 1 March 1890 – Amsterdam, 23 February 1935) was a Dutch architect.

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Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban

Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban or National Parliament House, (জাতীয় সংসদ ভবন Jatiyô Sôngsôd Bhôbôn) is the house of the Parliament of Bangladesh, located at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar in the Bangladeshi capital of Dhaka.

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Jørn Utzon

Jørn Oberg Utzon,, Hon. FAIA (9 April 191829 November 2008) was a Danish architect, most notable for designing the Sydney Opera House in Australia.

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Jean Nouvel

Jean Nouvel (born 12 August 1945) is a French architect.

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Johann Friedrich Höger

Johann Friedrich (Fritz) Höger (12 June 1877 – 21 June 1949) was a German architect from Bekenreihe, Steinburg, Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany.

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Johannes Krahn

Johannes Krahn (17 May 1908 – 17 October 1974) was a German architect and an academic teacher.

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John F. Kennedy International Airport

John F. Kennedy International Airport (often referred to as Kennedy Airport, New York-JFK or simply JFK) is the primary international airport serving New York City.

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John O. Merrill

John Ogden Merrill Sr. (10 August 1896 – 13 June 1975) was an American architect and structural engineer.

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Johnson Wax Headquarters

Johnson Wax Headquarters is the world headquarters and administration building of S. C. Johnson & Son in Racine, Wisconsin.

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Josef Albers

Josef Albers (March 19, 1888March 25, 1976) was a German-born American artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of modern art education programs of the twentieth century.

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Josef Frank (architect)

Josef Frank (July 15, 1885 – January 8, 1967) was an Austrian-born architect, artist, and designer who adopted Swedish citizenship in the latter half of his life.

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Josef Hoffmann

Josef Hoffmann (15 December 1870 – 7 May 1956) was an Austrian architect and designer of consumer goods who co-established Wiener Werkstätte.

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Josep Lluís Sert

Josep Lluís Sert i López (1 July 1902 – 15 March 1983) was an architect and city planner born in Catalonia, Spain.

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Joseph Paxton

Sir Joseph Paxton (3 August 1803 – 8 June 1865) was an English gardener, architect and Member of Parliament, best known for designing the Crystal Palace, and for cultivating the Cavendish banana, the most consumed banana in the Western world.

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Karlsplatz

Karlsplatz (Charles' Square) is a town square on the border of the first and fourth districts of Vienna.

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Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich (// ЦГИАК Украины, ф. 1268, оп. 1, д. 26, л. 13об—14.–May 15, 1935) was a Russian avant-garde artist and art theorist, whose pioneering work and writing had a profound influence on the development of non-objective, or abstract art, in the 20th century.

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Kenzō Tange

was a Japanese architect, and winner of the 1987 Pritzker Prize for architecture.

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Kharkiv

Kharkiv (Ха́рків), also known as Kharkov (Ха́рьков) from Russian, is the second-largest city in Ukraine.

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Kimbell Art Museum

The Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, hosts an art collection as well as traveling art exhibitions, educational programs and an extensive research library.

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Konstantin Melnikov

Konstantin Stepanovich Melnikov (Russian: Константин Степанович Мельников; – November 28, 1974) was a Russian architect and painter.

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Kraków

Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Kunio Maekawa

was a Japanese architect especially known for the Tokyo Bunka Kaikan building, and a key figure of modern Japanese architecture.

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Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany) is one of the most visited museums in Germany.

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La Samaritaine

La Samaritaine (French pronunciation: la samaʁitɛn) was a large department store in Paris, France, located in the first arrondissement.

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Lake Geneva

Lake Geneva (le lac Léman or le Léman, sometimes le lac de Genève, Genfersee) is a lake on the north side of the Alps, shared between Switzerland and France.

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Lakeland, Florida

Lakeland is a city in Polk County, Florida, along Interstate 4 east of Tampa.

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Larkin Administration Building

The Larkin Building was an early 20th century building.

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Léon Azéma

Léon Azéma (20 January 1888 – 1 March 1978) was a French architect.

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Lúcio Costa

Lúcio Marçal Ferreira Ribeiro Lima Costa (27 February 1902 – 13 June 1998) was a Brazilian architect and urban planner, best known for his plan for Brasília.

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Le Corbusier

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier, was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now called modern architecture.

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Le Havre

Le Havre, historically called Newhaven in English, is an urban French commune and city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northwestern France.

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League of Nations

The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.

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Leendert van der Vlugt

Leendert Cornelis van der Vlugt (13 April 1894 – 25 April 1936) was a Dutch architect in Rotterdam.

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Lenin's Mausoleum

Lenin's Mausoleum (formerly Lenin's & Stalin's Mausoleum (1953-1961)) (p), also known as Lenin's Tomb, situated in Red Square in the centre of Moscow, is a mausoleum that currently serves as the resting place of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin.

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Lever House

Lever House is a seminal glass-box skyscraper at 390 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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Liège

Liège (Lidje; Luik,; Lüttich) is a major Walloon city and municipality and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège. The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from borders with the Netherlands (Maastricht is about to the north) and with Germany (Aachen is about north-east). At Liège, the Meuse meets the River Ourthe. The city is part of the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia. It still is the principal economic and cultural centre of the region. The Liège municipality (i.e. the city proper) includes the former communes of Angleur, Bressoux, Chênée, Glain, Grivegnée, Jupille-sur-Meuse, Rocourt, and Wandre. In November 2012, Liège had 198,280 inhabitants. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,879 km2 (725 sq mi) and had a total population of 749,110 on 1 January 2008. Population of all municipalities in Belgium on 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium. The metropolitan area of Liège is divided into three levels. First, the central agglomeration (agglomeratie) with 480,513 inhabitants (2008-01-01). Adding the closest surroundings (banlieue) gives a total of 641,591. And, including the outer commuter zone (forensenwoonzone) the population is 810,983. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. This includes a total of 52 municipalities, among others, Herstal and Seraing. Liège ranks as the third most populous urban area in Belgium, after Brussels and Antwerp, and the fourth municipality after Antwerp, Ghent and Charleroi.

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Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a complex of buildings in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City.

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List of Guggenheim Museums

The Guggenheim Museums are a group of museums in different parts of the world established (or proposed to be established) by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation.

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List of post-war Category A listed buildings in Scotland

This is a list of Category A listed buildings in Scotland which date from after 1945 (the post-war period).

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Litchfield, Connecticut

Litchfield is a town in and former county seat of Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States.

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Lloyd's building

The Lloyd's building (sometimes known as the Inside-Out Building) is the home of the insurance institution Lloyd's of London.

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Long Beach Main Post Office

The Long Beach Main Post Office is a post office building located on Long Beach Boulevard in downtown Long Beach, California.

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels";; officially: the City of Los Angeles; colloquially: by its initials L.A.) is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City.

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Louis Kahn

Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky) (– March 17, 1974) was an American architect, based in Philadelphia.

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Louis Skidmore

Louis Skidmore (April 8, 1897 – September 27, 1962) was an American architect, co-founder of the architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and recipient of the AIA Gold Medal.

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Louis Sullivan

Louis Henry Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924) was an American architect, and has been called the "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism".

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Louis-Hippolyte Boileau

Louis-Hippolyte Boileau (1878–1948) was a French architect.

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Louvre

The Louvre, or the Louvre Museum, is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France.

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Lovell House

The Lovell House or Lovell Health House is an International style modernist residence designed and built by Richard Neutra between 1927 and 1929.

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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969) was a German-American architect.

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Luis Barragán

Luis Ramiro Barragán Morfín (March 9, 1902 – November 22, 1988) was a Mexican architect and engineer.

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Luis Barragán House and Studio

Luis Barragán House and Studio, also known as Casa Luis Barragán, is the former residence of architect Luis Barragán in Miguel Hidalgo district, Mexico City.

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Lustron house

Lustron houses are prefabricated enameled steel houses developed in the post-World War II era United States in response to the shortage of homes for returning GIs.

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Magnitogorsk

Magnitogorsk (p, lit. city near the magnetic mountain) is an industrial city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the eastern side of the extreme southern extent of the Ural Mountains by the Ural River.

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Manufacturers Trust Company Building

The Manufacturers Trust Company Building, now known as 510 Fifth Avenue, is a historic building located at the southwest corner of West 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue in the New York City borough of Manhattan.

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Marcel Breuer

Marcel Lajos Breuer (21 May 1902 – 1 July 1981), was a Hungarian-born modernist, architect, and furniture designer.

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Mario Pani

Mario Pani Darqui (March 29, 1911 – February 23, 1993) was a famous Mexican architect and urbanist.

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Mark Jarzombek

Mark Jarzombek (born 1954) is a United States-born architectural historian, author and critic.

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Marseille

Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.

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Mart Stam

Mart Stam (August 5, 1899 – February 21, 1986) was a Dutch architect, urban planner, and furniture designer.

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Max Abramovitz

Max Abramovitz (May 23, 1908 – September 12, 2004) was an American architect.

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Max Reinhardt

Max Reinhardt (September 9, 1873 – October 30, 1943) was an Austrian-born theatre and film director, intendant, and theatrical producer.

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Mayan Revival architecture

The Mayan Revival is a modern architectural style, primarily of the 1920s and 1930s in the Americas, that drew inspiration from the architecture and iconography of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures.

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Mesa Laboratory

The Mesa Laboratory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research is a research center located in Boulder, Colorado.

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MetLife Building

The MetLife Building is a 59-story skyscraper at 200 Park Avenue at East 45th Street above Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the United States.

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Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)

The Metropolitan Opera House (also known as The Met) is an opera house located on Broadway at Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.

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Mexico City

Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.

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Michael Graves

Michael Graves (July 9, 1934 – March 12, 2015) was an American architect and principal of Michael Graves and Associates and Michael Graves Design Group.

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Michel de Klerk

Michel de Klerk (24 November 1884, Amsterdam – 24 November 1923, Amsterdam) was a Dutch architect.

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Mikhail Larionov

Mikhail Fyodorovich Larionov (Russian: Михаи́л Фёдорович Ларио́нов; June 3, 1881 – May 10, 1964) was an avant-garde Russian painter.

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Milan

Milan (Milano; Milan) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,380,873 while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,235,000.

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Minoru Yamasaki

Minoru Yamasaki (December 1, 1912February 6, 1986) was an American architect, best known for designing the original World Trade Center in New York City and several other large-scale projects.

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Modern art

Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophy of the art produced during that era.

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Modern furniture

Modern furniture refers to furniture produced from the late 19th century through the present that is influenced by modernism.

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Moisei Ginzburg

Moisei Yakovlevich Ginzburg (Майсей Якаўлевіч Гінзбург, Моисей Яковлевич Гинзбург;, Minsk – 7 January 1946, Moscow) was a Soviet constructivist architect, best known for his 1929 Narkomfin Building in Moscow.

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Moscow

Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.

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Mossehaus

Mossehaus is an office building on 18-25 Schützenstrasse in Berlin, renovated and with a corner designed by Erich Mendelsohn in 1921–1923.

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Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris

Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (City of Paris' Museum of Modern Art) or MAMVP, is a major municipal museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art of the 20th and 21st centuries.

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Museum of Modern Art

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.

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Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro

The Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro (MAM) (Portuguese: Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro) is a museum located in northeastern Flamengo Park, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Narkomfin building

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Nathaniel A. Owings

Nathaniel Alexander Owings (February 5, 1903 – June 13, 1984) was an American architect, a founding partner of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, which became one of the largest architectural firms in the United States and the world.

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National Autonomous University of Mexico

The National Autonomous University of Mexico (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, - literal translation: Autonomous National University of Mexico, UNAM) is a public research university in Mexico.

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National Center for Atmospheric Research

The US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is a US federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) managed by the nonprofit University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

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National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW.

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Nazi architecture

Nazi architecture is the architecture promoted by the Third Reich from 1933 until its fall in 1945.

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Neoclassical architecture

Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century.

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Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism (from Greek νέος nèos, "new" and Latin classicus, "of the highest rank") is the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of classical antiquity.

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Neutra Office Building

The Neutra Office Building is a office building in the Silver Lake section of Los Angeles, California.

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New Canaan, Connecticut

New Canaan is an affluent town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, northeast of Greenwich, west of New Haven and 48 miles (77 km) northeast of New York City.

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New Haven, Connecticut

New Haven is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Connecticut.

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New Objectivity

The New Objectivity (in Neue Sachlichkeit) was a movement in German art that arose during the 1920s as a reaction against expressionism.

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New Orleans

New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Newport Beach, California

Newport Beach is a seaside city in Orange County, California, United States.

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Nissen hut

A Nissen hut is a prefabricated steel structure for military use, made from a half-cylindrical skin of corrugated steel.

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Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank

Norman Robert Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, (born 1 June 1935) is a British architect whose company, Foster + Partners, maintains an international design practice famous for high-tech architecture.

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Notre Dame du Haut

Notre Dame du Haut (Our Lady of the Heights; full name in Chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut de Ronchamp) is a Roman Catholic chapel in Ronchamp, France.

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Nuremberg

Nuremberg (Nürnberg) is a city on the river Pegnitz and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about north of Munich.

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Oak Park, Illinois

Oak Park is a village adjacent to the West Side of Chicago, Illinois.

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is an American multiprogram science and technology national laboratory sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and administered, managed, and operated by UT-Battelle as a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) under a contract with the DOE.

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Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Oak Ridge is a city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee, about west of Knoxville.

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One World Trade Center

One World Trade Center (also known as 1 World Trade Center, 1 WTC or Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City.

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Open air school

Open air schools or schools of the woods were purpose-built educational institutions for children, that were designed to prevent and combat the widespread rise of tuberculosis that occurred in the period leading up to the Second World War.

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Organic architecture

Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world.

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Oscar Niemeyer

Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (December 15, 1907 – December 5, 2012), known as Oscar Niemeyer, was a Brazilian architect considered to be one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture.

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Otto Wagner

Otto Koloman Wagner (13 July 1841 – 11 April 1918) was an Austrian architect and urban planner, known for his lasting impact on the appearance of his home town Vienna, to which he contributed many landmarks.

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Pablo Picasso

Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France.

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Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles

Pacific Palisades is a coastal neighborhood in the Westside of the city of Los Angeles, California, located among Brentwood to the east, Malibu and Topanga to the west, Santa Monica to the southeast, the Santa Monica Bay to the southwest, and the Santa Monica Mountains to the north.

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Palace of the Soviets

The Palace of the Soviets (Дворец Советов, Dvorets Sovetov) was a project to construct an administrative center and a congress hall in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (present-day Russian Federation) near the Kremlin, on the site of the demolished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour.

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Palais de Chaillot

The Palais de Chaillot is a building in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France.

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Palais de Tokyo

The Palais de Tokyo (Palace of Tokyo) is a building dedicated to modern and contemporary art, located at 13 avenue du Président-Wilson, near the Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.

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Palácio do Planalto

The Palácio do Planalto is the official workplace of the President of Brazil.

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Pan-Pacific Auditorium

The Pan-Pacific Auditorium, was a landmark structure in the Fairfax District of Los Angeles, California, once stood at 7600 West Beverly Boulevard near the site of Gilmore Field, an early Los Angeles baseball venue predating Dodger Stadium.

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Pasadena, California

Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located 10 miles (16 kilometers) northeast of Downtown Los Angeles.

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Paul Klee

Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss German artist.

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Pedro Ramírez Vázquez

Pedro Ramírez Vázquez (April 16, 1919 – April 16, 2013).

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Peter Behrens

Peter Behrens (14 April 1868 – 27 February 1940) was a German architect and designer.

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Philip Johnson

Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) was an American architect.

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Piazza d'Italia (New Orleans)

The Piazza d'Italia is an urban public plaza located at Lafayette and Commerce Streets in downtown New Orleans, Louisiana.

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Pier Luigi Nervi

Pier Luigi Nervi (21 June 1891 – 9 January 1979) was an Italian engineer and architect.

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Pierre Chareau

Pierre Chareau (4 August 1883 – 24 August 1950) was a French architect and designer.

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Piet Kramer

Pieter Lodewijk (Piet) Kramer (Amsterdam, 1 July 1881 – Santpoort, 4 February 1961) was a Dutch architect, one of the most important architects of the Amsterdam School (Expressionist architecture).

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Pirelli Tower

Pirelli Tower (Italian: Grattacielo Pirelli – also called "Pirellone", literally "Big Pirelli"), is a 32-storey, skyscraper in Milan, Italy.

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Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County.

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Plano, Illinois

Plano is a city in Kendall County, Illinois, United States near Aurora, with a population of 10,856 at the 2010 census, nearly doubling its size from 2000.

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Plate glass

Plate glass, flat glass or sheet glass is a type of glass, initially produced in plane form, commonly used for windows, glass doors, transparent walls, and windscreens.

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Poissy

Poissy is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.

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Portland Building

The Portland Building, alternatively referenced as the Portland Municipal Services Building, is a 15-story municipal office building located at 1120 SW 5th Avenue in downtown Portland, Oregon.

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Postconstructivism

Postconstructivism was a transitional architectural style that existed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, typical of early Stalinist architecture before World War II.

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Postmodern architecture

Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the international style advocated by Le Corbusier and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

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PPG Place

PPG Place is a complex in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, consisting of six buildings within three city blocks and five and a half acres.

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Prairie School

Prairie School was a late 19th- and early 20th-century architectural style, most common to the Midwestern United States.

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Prefabricated building

A prefabricated building, informally a prefab, is a building that is manufactured and constructed using prefabrication.

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Price Tower

The Price Tower is a nineteen-story, 221-foot-high tower at 510 South Dewey Avenue in Bartlesville, Oklahoma.

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Pritzker Architecture Prize

The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture." Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation.

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Prudential (Guaranty) Building

The Guaranty Building, now called the Prudential Building, is an early skyscraper in Buffalo, New York.

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Public Works Administration

Public Works Administration (PWA), part of the New Deal of 1933, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes.

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Punjab, India

Punjab is a state in northern India.

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PWA Moderne

PWA Moderne (or "P.W.A. Moderne", PWA/WPA Moderne, Federal Moderne, Depression Moderne, Classical Moderne, Stripped Classicism) is an architectural style of many buildings in the United States completed between 1933 and 1944, during and shortly after the Great Depression as part of relief projects sponsored by the Public Works Administration (PWA) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA).

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Quonset hut

A Quonset hut is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel having a semicircular cross-section.

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Rafael Mijares Alcérreca

Rafael Mijares Alcérreca (23 September 1924–9 November 2015) was a Mexican architect and painter.

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Rationalism (architecture)

In architecture, rationalism is an architectural current which mostly developed from Italy in the 1920s-1930s.

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Raymond Hood

Raymond Mathewson Hood (March 29, 1881 – August 14, 1934) was an American architect who worked in the Art Deco style.

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Rayonism

Rayonism (or Rayism or Rayonnism) is a style of abstract art that developed in Russia in 1911.

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Reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete (RC) (also called reinforced cement concrete or RCC) is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.

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Renzo Piano

Renzo Piano, (born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect and engineer.

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Richard Meier

Richard Meier (born October 12, 1934) is an American abstract artist and architect, whose geometric designs make prominent use of the color white.

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Richard Neutra

Richard Joseph Neutra (April 8, 1892 – April 16, 1970) was an Austrian-American architect.

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Richard Riemerschmid

Richard Riemerschmid (20 June 1868 – 13 April 1957) was a German architect, painter, designer and city planner from Munich.

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Richard Rogers

Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside (born 23 July 1933) is a British architect noted for his modernist and functionalist designs in high-tech architecture.

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Richards Medical Research Laboratories

The Richards Medical Research Laboratories, located on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, were designed by architect Louis Kahn and are considered to have been a breakthrough in his career.

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Rietveld Schröder House

The Rietveld Schröder House (Rietveld Schröderhuis) (also known as the Schröder House) in Utrecht (Prins Hendriklaan 50) was built in 1924 by Dutch architect Gerrit Rietveld for Mrs.

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Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro (River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas.

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River Forest, Illinois

River Forest is a suburban village adjacent to Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, U.S. Two universities make their home in River Forest, Dominican University and Concordia University Chicago.

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Robert Mallet-Stevens

Robert Mallet-Stevens (March 24, 1886 – February 8, 1945) was an influential French architect and designer.

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Robert Venturi

Robert Charles Venturi Jr. (born June 25, 1925) is an American architect, founding principal of the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, and one of the major architectural figures in the twentieth century.

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Robie House

The Frederick C. Robie House is a U.S. National Historic Landmark on the campus of the University of Chicago in the South Side neighborhood of Hyde Park in Chicago, Illinois, at 5757 S. Woodlawn Avenue.

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Rockefeller Center

Rockefeller Center is a large complex consisting of 19 commercial buildings covering between 48th and 51st Streets, facing Fifth Avenue, in New York City.

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Rockefeller family

The Rockefeller family is an American industrial, political, and banking family that owns one of the world's largest fortunes.

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Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America.

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Ronchamp

Ronchamp is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

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Rotterdam

Rotterdam is a city in the Netherlands, in South Holland within the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt river delta at the North Sea.

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Royal National Theatre

The Royal National Theatre in London, commonly known as the National Theatre (NT) is one of the United Kingdom's three most prominent publicly funded performing arts venues, alongside the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Royal Opera House.

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Rudolf Steiner

Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 (or 25) February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect and esotericist.

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Rudolph Schindler (architect)

Rudolph Michael Schindler (born Rudolf Michael Schlesinger (1887 Vienna - 1953 Los Angeles) was an Austrian-born American architect whose most important works were built in or near Los Angeles during the early to mid-twentieth century. Although he worked and trained with some of its foremost practitioners, he often is associated with the fringes of the modern movement in architecture. His inventive use of complex three-dimensional forms, warm materials, and striking colors, as well as his ability to work successfully within tight budgets, however, have placed him as one of the true mavericks of early twentieth century architecture. Reyner Banham said he designed "as if there had never been houses before.".

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Rusakov Workers' Club

The Rusakov Workers' Club (Дом культуры имени И.В.Русакова (рабочий клуб)) in Moscow is a notable example of constructivist architecture.

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Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.

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S. R. Crown Hall

S.

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Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis

Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Sainte Marie de La Tourette

Sainte Marie de La Tourette is a Dominican Order priory, located on a hillside near Lyon, France designed by the architect Le Corbusier, the architect’s final and most important building.

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Salk Institute for Biological Studies

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies is an independent, non-profit, scientific research institute located in La Jolla, San Diego, California, United States.

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San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park

The San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park is located in San Francisco, California, United States.

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Scenography

Scenography relates to the study and practice of performance design.

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Seagram Building

The Seagram Building is a skyscraper, located at 375 Park Avenue, between 52nd Street and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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Second Spanish Republic

The Spanish Republic (República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Segunda República Española), was the democratic government that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939.

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Shepherd's Grove

Shepherd's Grove is a congregation of the Reformed Church in America in Irvine, California, United States.

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Siemens

Siemens AG is a German conglomerate company headquartered in Berlin and Munich and the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe with branch offices abroad.

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Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM) is an American architectural, urban planning, and engineering firm.

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Skyscraper

A skyscraper is a continuously habitable high-rise building that has over 40 floors and is taller than approximately.

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Solomon R. Guggenheim

Solomon Robert Guggenheim (February 2, 1861 – November 3, 1949) was an American businessman and art collector.

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Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, often referred to as The Guggenheim, is an art museum located at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Special English

Special English is a controlled version of the English language first used on 19 October 1959, and still presented daily by the United States broadcasting service Voice of America (VOA).

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St. Louis

St.

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St. Martin, Idstein

St.

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Steel

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon and other elements.

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Steiner House

Steiner House is a building in Vienna, Austria.

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Stillman House

Stillman House (1950) follows Marcel Breuer’s Gregory Ain demonstration “House in the Garden” built the year before for the MOMA Museum, which now sits at the Rockefeller Kykuit estate in Hudson Valley, NY.

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Stoclet Palace

The Stoclet Palace (Palais Stoclet, Stocletpaleis) is a mansion in Brussels, Belgium.

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Streamline Moderne

Streamline Moderne, sometimes termed Art Moderne, is a late type of the Art Deco architecture and graphic design/style that emerged in the 1930s.

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Structuralism (architecture)

Structuralism is a movement in architecture and urban planning evolved around the middle of the 20th century.

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Stuttgart

Stuttgart (Swabian: italics,; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Sullivan Center

The Sullivan Center, formerly known as the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building or Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Store, is a commercial building at 1 South State Street at the corner of East Madison Street in Chicago, Illinois.

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Suprematism

Suprematism (Супремати́зм) is an art movement, focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors.

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Sven Markelius

Sven Gottfrid Markelius (25 October 1889 – 24 February 1972) was one of the most important modernist Swedish architects.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Sydney Opera House

The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

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Tate Modern

Tate Modern is a modern art gallery located in London.

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Teodoro González de León

Teodoro González de León (May 29, 1926 – September 16, 2016) was a Mexican architect.

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Théâtre des Champs-Élysées

The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées is a theatre at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris.

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The Architects Collaborative

The Architects Collaborative (TAC) was an American architectural firm formed by eight architects in 1945 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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The Crystal Palace

The Crystal Palace was a cast-iron and plate-glass structure originally built in Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851.

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The Great Exhibition

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations or The Great Exhibition, sometimes referred to as the Crystal Palace Exhibition in reference to the temporary structure in which it was held, was an international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1 May to 15 October 1851.

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The Hague

The Hague (Den Haag,, short for 's-Gravenhage) is a city on the western coast of the Netherlands and the capital of the province of South Holland.

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The Modernist City

The Modernist City: An Anthropological Critique of Brasilia is a book by anthropologist James Holston published by the University of Chicago Press in 1989.

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The Pentagon

The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. As a symbol of the U.S. military, The Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the U.S. Department of Defense.

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Theodor Fischer

Theodor Fischer (28 May 1862 – 25 December 1938) was a German architect and teacher.

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Thomas Chippendale

Thomas Chippendale (1718 – 1779) was born in Otley in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England in June 1718.

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Tony Garnier (architect)

Tony Garnier (August 13, 1869 in Lyon – January 19, 1948 in Roquefort-la-Bédoule, France) was a noted architect and city planner.

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Torre Insignia

Torre Insignia (also called Torre Banobras and the Nonoalco Tlatelolco Tower) is a building designed by Mario Pani Darqui which is located on the corner of Avenida Ricardo Flores Magnon and Avenida de los Insurgentes Norte, in the Tlateloco housing complex in Cuauhtémoc in Mexico City.

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Torre Latinoamericana

The Torre Latinoamericana is a skyscraper in downtown Mexico City, Mexico.

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TWA Flight Center

The TWA Flight Center, also known as the Trans World Flight Center, opened in 1962 as the original terminal designed by Eero Saarinen for Trans World Airlines at New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Unité d'habitation

The Unité d'habitation (Housing Unit) is a modernist residential housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier, with the collaboration of painter-architect Nadir Afonso.

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Unity Temple

Unity Temple is a Unitarian Universalist church in Oak Park, Illinois, and the home of the Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist Congregation.

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University City of Caracas

The University City of Caracas (Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas) is the main Campus of the Central University of Venezuela.

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University of Pennsylvania

The University of Pennsylvania (commonly known as Penn or UPenn) is a private Ivy League research university located in University City section of West Philadelphia.

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Van Nelle Factory

The former Van Nelle Factory (Van Nellefabriek) on the Schie in Rotterdam, is considered a prime example of the International Style based upon constructivist architecture.

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Vesnin brothers

The Vesnin brothers: Leonid Vesnin (1880–1933), Victor Vesnin (1882–1950) and Alexander Vesnin (1883–1959) were the leaders of Constructivist architecture, the dominant architectural school of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s.

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Victor Bourgeois

Victor Bourgeois (29 August 1897 – 24 July 1962) was a Belgian architect and urban planner, considered the greatest Belgian modernist architect.

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Victor Horta

Victor Pierre Horta (Victor, Baron Horta after 1932; 6 January 1861 – 8 September 1947) was a Belgian architect and designer.

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Victorian architecture

Victorian architecture is a series of architectural revival styles in the mid-to-late 19th century.

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Vienna Secession

The Vienna Secession (Wiener Secession; also known as the Union of Austrian Artists, or Vereinigung Bildender Künstler Österreichs) was an art movement formed in 1897 by a group of Austrian artists who had resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists, housed in the Vienna Künstlerhaus.

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Villa La Roche

Villa La Roche, also Maison La Roche, is a house in Paris, designed by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret in 1923–1925.

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Villa Noailles

Villa Noailles is an early modernist house, built by architect Robert Mallet-Stevens for art patrons Charles and Marie-Laure de Noailles, between 1923 and 1927.

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Villa Paul Poiret

Villa Paul Poiret in Mézy-sur-Seine, Yvelines, France, is an early 1920s Cubism-inspired, and later Art Deco, private house originally designed by architect Robert Mallet-Stevens.

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Villa Savoye

Villa Savoye is a modernist villa in Poissy, on the outskirts of Paris, France.

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Vladimir Mayakovsky

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (Владимир Владимирович Маяковский; – 14 April 1930) was a Russian Soviet poet, playwright, artist, and actor.

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Vladimir Tatlin

Vladimir Yevgraphovich Tatlin (Влади́мир Евгра́фович Та́тлин; – 31 May 1953) was a Soviet painter and architect.

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Voice of America

Voice of America (VOA) is a U.S. government-funded international radio broadcast source that serves as the United States federal government's official institution for non-military, external broadcasting.

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Wallace Harrison

Wallace Kirkman Harrison (September 28, 1895 – December 2, 1981) was an American architect.

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Walt Disney Concert Hall

The Walt Disney Concert Hall at 111 South Grand Avenue in downtown Los Angeles, California, is the fourth hall of the Los Angeles Music Center and was designed by Frank Gehry.

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Walter Gropius

Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture.

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Warszawa Centralna railway station

Warszawa Centralna is the primary railway station in Warsaw, Poland.

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Wassily Kandinsky

Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky (Vasily Vasilyevich Kandinsky) (– 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter and art theorist.

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Weimar

Weimar (Vimaria or Vinaria) is a city in the federal state of Thuringia, Germany.

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Weissenhof Estate

The Weissenhof Estate (or Weissenhof Settlement; in German Weißenhofsiedlung) is a housing estate built for exhibition in Stuttgart in 1927.

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White City (Tel Aviv)

The White City (העיר הלבנה, Ha-Ir ha-Levana; المدينة البيضاء Al-Madinah al-Baydha’a) refers to a collection of over 4,000 buildings built in a unique form of the Bauhaus or International Style in Tel Aviv from the 1930s by German Jewish architects who immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine after the rise of the Nazis.

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William Le Baron Jenney

William LeBaron Jenney (September 25, 1832 – June 14, 1907) was an American architect and engineer who is known for building the first skyscraper in 1884 and became known as the Father of the American skyscraper.

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William Van Alen

William Van Alen (August 10, 1883 – May 24, 1954) was an American architect, best known as the architect in charge of designing New York City's Chrysler Building (1928–30).

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William Zeckendorf

William Zeckendorf, Sr. (June 30, 1905 – September 30, 1976) was a prominent American real estate developer.

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Williams Tower

The Williams Tower (originally named the Transco Tower) is a 64-story, class A office tower located in the Uptown District of Houston, Texas.

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Willis Tower

The Willis Tower, built as and still commonly referred to as the Sears Tower, is a 110-story, skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois.

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Winslow House (River Forest, Illinois)

The Winslow House is a Frank Lloyd Wright-designed house located at 515 Auvergne Place in River Forest, Illinois.

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Wirt C. Rowland

Wirt Clinton Rowland (December 1, 1878 – November 30, 1946) was an American architect best known for his work in Detroit, Michigan.

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Woolworth Building

The Woolworth Building, at 233 Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, designed by architect Cass Gilbert and constructed between 1910 and 1912, is an early US skyscraper.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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World Monuments Fund

World Monuments Fund (WMF) is a private, international, non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of historic architecture and cultural heritage sites around the world through fieldwork, advocacy, grantmaking, education, and training.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yale University

Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.

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Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg (p), alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg, is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast, located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains, in the middle of the Eurasian continent, at the boundary between Asia and Europe.

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Yoyogi National Gymnasium

is an arena located at Yoyogi Park in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan, which is famous for its suspension roof design.

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Zaporizhia

− Zaporizhia (Запорі́жжя) or Zaporozhye (Запоро́жье), formerly Alexandrovsk (Алекса́ндровск), (Олександрівськ), is a city in southeastern Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River.

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Zonnestraal (estate)

The estate Zonnestraal is a former sanatorium in Hilversum, the Netherlands.

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1929 Barcelona International Exposition

The 1929 Barcelona International Exposition (also 1929 Barcelona Universal Exposition, or Expo 1929, in Catalan: Exposició Internacional de Barcelona de 1929) was the second World Fair to be held in Barcelona, the first one being in 1888.

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1939 New York World's Fair

The 1939–40 New York World's Fair, which covered the of Flushing Meadows-Corona Park (also the location of the 1964–1965 New York World's Fair), was the second most expensive American world's fair of all time, exceeded only by St.

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1964 Summer Olympics

The 1964 Summer Olympics, officially known as the, was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan, from 10 to 24 October 1964.

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1985 Mexico City earthquake

The 1985 Mexico City earthquake struck in the early morning of 19 September at 07:17:50 (CST) with a moment magnitude of 8.0 and a Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).

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30 Rockefeller Plaza

30 Rockefeller Plaza is an American Art Deco skyscraper that forms the centerpiece of Rockefeller Center in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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550 Madison Avenue

550 Madison Avenue (formerly known as the Sony Tower or Sony Plaza and before that the AT&T Building), is an iconic postmodern, 37-story highrise skyscraper located at 550 Madison Avenue in Manhattan.

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Architectural modernism, Architecture, Modern, Modern Architecture, Modern Movement architecture, Modern architecure, Modernism (architecture), Modernist architect, Modernist architects, Modernist architecture, Modernist style, Modernistic architecture.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture

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