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Muhammad

Index Muhammad

Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 382 relations: Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abd al-Muttalib, Abd Allah ibn Muhammad, Abd Allah ibn Ubayy, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abraha, Abraham, Abraham in Islam, Abu 'Afak, Abu al-Qasim, Abu Bakr, Abu Dawud al-Sijistani, Abu Lahab, Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Abu Talib, Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Adam in Islam, Addas, Adhan, Ahl al-Bayt, Ahmadiyya, Aisha, Al-Akhnas ibn Shurayq, Al-Andalus, Al-Anfal, Al-Azraqi, Al-Burda, Al-Busiri, Al-Daraqutni, Al-Dhahabi, Al-Nasa'i, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Ishaq), Al-Tabari, Al-Tirmidhi, Al-Walid I, Al-Waqidi, Alexander Romance, Alford T. Welch, Alfred Guillaume, Ali, Allah, Amina, Amina bint Wahb, Amr ibn al-As, Amr ibn Hisham, An-Najm, An-Nur, Angels in Islam, ... Expand index (332 more) »

  2. 570s births
  3. 632 deaths
  4. 7th-century Asian people
  5. 7th-century Islamic religious leaders
  6. 7th-century diplomats
  7. 7th-century merchants
  8. 7th-century military personnel
  9. Adoptees
  10. Arab politicians
  11. Arab prophets
  12. Arab slave owners
  13. Entering heaven alive
  14. Medina
  15. Prophets in the Druze faith
  16. Prophets of the Quran
  17. The Fourteen Infallibles

Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (ٱلْعَبَّاسُبْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْمُطَّلِبِ|al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib) was a paternal uncle and sahabi (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew. Muhammad and Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib are 6th-century Arab people and 7th-century merchants.

See Muhammad and Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Abd al-Muttalib

Shayba ibn Hāshim (شَيْبة بْن هاشِم), better known as ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, (Muttalib) was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation and grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and Abd al-Muttalib are 6th-century Arab people.

See Muhammad and Abd al-Muttalib

Abd Allah ibn Muhammad

ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad (عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن مُحَمَّد) also known as al-Ṭāhir and al-Ṭayyib was one of the sons of Muhammad and Khadija.

See Muhammad and Abd Allah ibn Muhammad

Abd Allah ibn Ubayy

ʿAbd Allāh ibn 'Ubayy ibn Salūl (عبد الله بن أبي بن سلول), died 631, was a chieftain of the Khazraj tribe of Medina. Muhammad and Abd Allah ibn Ubayy are 7th-century Arab people.

See Muhammad and Abd Allah ibn Ubayy

Abd Manaf ibn Qusai

Abd Manaf al-Mughirah ibn Qusai (عبد مناف ٱلمغيرة بن قصي, ʿAbd Manāf al-Mughīrah ibn Quṣayy) was a Qurayshi and great-great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and Abd Manaf ibn Qusai are Quraysh.

See Muhammad and Abd Manaf ibn Qusai

Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib) was the father of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib are 6th-century Arab people.

See Muhammad and Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Abraha

Abraha (Ge’ez: አብርሃ) (also spelled Abreha, died presumably in 570 CE), was the Ethiopian viceroy for the Kingdom of Aksum who ruled the Himyarite Kingdom of Yemen and much of the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century.

See Muhammad and Abraha

Abraham

Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Muhammad and Abraham are Angelic visionaries, founders of religions and prophets in the Druze faith.

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Abraham in Islam

Abraham was a prophet and messenger of God according to Islam, and an ancestor to the Ishmaelite Arabs and Israelites. Muhammad and Abraham in Islam are prophets of the Quran.

See Muhammad and Abraham in Islam

Abu 'Afak

Abu 'Afak (Arabic: أبو عفك, died c. 624) was a Jewish poet who allegedly lived in the Hijaz region (today Saudi Arabia).

See Muhammad and Abu 'Afak

Abu al-Qasim

Abu al-Qasim (translit) is an meaning "father of al-Qasim".

See Muhammad and Abu al-Qasim

Abu Bakr

Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa (23 August 634), commonly known by the kunya Abu Bakr, was the first caliph, ruling from 632 until his death in 634. Muhammad and Abu Bakr are Arab Muslims, Arab slave owners and people from Mecca.

See Muhammad and Abu Bakr

Abu Dawud al-Sijistani

Abū Dāwūd (Dā’ūd) Sulaymān ibn al-Ash‘ath ibn Isḥāq al-Azdī al-Sijistānī (أبو داود سليمان بن الأشعث الأزدي السجستاني), commonly known as Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī, was a scholar of prophetic hadith who compiled the third of the six "canonical" hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims, the Sunan Abu Dāwūd.

See Muhammad and Abu Dawud al-Sijistani

Abu Lahab

ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib (عبد العزى ابن عبد المطلب), better known as Abū Lahab (أبو لهب) was the Islamic prophet Muhammad's half paternal uncle. Muhammad and Abu Lahab are 6th-century Arab people.

See Muhammad and Abu Lahab

Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir

Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir (Abū Lubāba ibn ʿAbd al-Mundhir) was a leading member of the Banu Aws, an Arabic tribe in Yathrib, today known as Medina.

See Muhammad and Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir

Abu Sufyan ibn Harb

Sakhr ibn Harb ibn Umayya (translit), commonly known by his Abu Sufyan (translit), was a prominent opponent-turned companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb are 7th-century merchants.

See Muhammad and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb

Abu Talib

Abu Taleb or Abu Talib may refer to.

See Muhammad and Abu Talib

Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib (ʾAbū Ṭālib bin ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib) was the leader of Banu Hashim, a clan of the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula. Muhammad and Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib are 6th-century Arab people, 7th-century Arab people and people from Mecca.

See Muhammad and Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Adam in Islam

Adam (ʾĀdam), in Islamic theology, is believed to have been the first human being on Earth and the first prophet (نبي, nabī) of Islam. Muhammad and Adam in Islam are prophets of the Quran.

See Muhammad and Adam in Islam

Addas

Addas (ʿAddās) was a young Christian slave boy of Assyrian origin who lived in Taif, a mountainous area south of Mecca, during the times of Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Addas

Adhan

The (adhān) is the first Islamic call to prayer, usually recited by a muezzin at five times of the day in a mosque, traditionally from a minaret.

See Muhammad and Adhan

Ahl al-Bayt

(lit) refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Ahl al-Bayt

Ahmadiyya

Ahmadiyya, officially the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at (AMJ) is an Islamic messianic movement originating in British India in the late 19th century. It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who said he had been divinely appointed as both the Promised Mahdi (Guided One) and Messiah expected by Muslims to appear towards the end times and bring about, by peaceful means, the final triumph of Islam; as well as to embody, in this capacity, the expected eschatological figure of other major religious traditions.

See Muhammad and Ahmadiyya

Aisha

Aisha bint Abi Bakr was Islamic prophet Muhammad's third and youngest wife. Muhammad and Aisha are 7th-century Arab people and Angelic visionaries.

See Muhammad and Aisha

Al-Akhnas ibn Shurayq

Al-Akhnas ibn Shurayq al-Thaqafī (Arabic: الأخنس بن شريق الثقفي) was a contemporary to Muhammad and one of the leaders of Mecca.

See Muhammad and Al-Akhnas ibn Shurayq

Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.

See Muhammad and Al-Andalus

Al-Anfal

Al-Anfal (ٱلأنفال,; The Spoils of War, Earnings, Savings, Profits) is the eighth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 75 verses (āyāt).

See Muhammad and Al-Anfal

Al-Azraqi

Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah Al-Azraqi was a 9th-century Islamic commentator and historian, and author of the Book of Reports about Mecca (Kitab Akhbar Makka).

See Muhammad and Al-Azraqi

Al-Burda

Qasīdat al-Burda (قصيدة البردة, "Ode of the Mantle"), or al-Burda for short, is a thirteenth-century ode of praise for Muhammad composed by the eminent Shadhili mystic al-Busiri of Egypt.

See Muhammad and Al-Burda

Al-Busiri

Al-Būṣīrī (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn Saʿīd al-Ṣanhājī al-Būṣīrī; 1212–1294) was a Sanhaji Sufi Muslim poet belonging to the Shadhili, and a direct disciple of the Sufi saint Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi.

See Muhammad and Al-Busiri

Al-Daraqutni

Ali ibn Umar al-Daraqutni (translit; 918–995 CE / 306–385 AH), was a Sunni Muslim scholar and traditionist best known for compiling the hadith collection Sunan al-Daraqutni.

See Muhammad and Al-Daraqutni

Al-Dhahabi

Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī (شمس الدين الذهبي), also known as Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348) was an Athari theologian, Islamic historian and Hadith scholar.

See Muhammad and Al-Dhahabi

Al-Nasa'i

Al-Nasāʾī (214 – 303 AH; 829 – 915 CE), full name Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿAlī ibn Sinān ibn Baḥr ibn Dīnar al-Khurasānī al-Nasāʾī, was a noted collector of hadith (sayings of Muhammad),Ludwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, p.138.

See Muhammad and Al-Nasa'i

Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Ishaq)

Sirat Rasul Allah (The Life of God's Messenger) is a biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Ishaq)

Al-Tabari

Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd al-Ṭabarī (أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد بْن جَرِير بْن يَزِيد ٱلطَّبَرِيّ; 839–923 CE / 224–310 AH), commonly known as al-Ṭabarī (ٱلطَّبَرِيّ), was a Sunni Muslim scholar, polymath, traditionalist, historian, exegete, jurist, and theologian from Amol, Tabaristan, present-day Iran.

See Muhammad and Al-Tabari

Al-Tirmidhi

Muhammad ibn Isa al-Tirmidhi (translit; 824 – 9 October 892 CE / 209 - 279 AH), often referred to as Imām at-Termezī/Tirmidhī, was an Islamic scholar, and collector of hadith from Termez (early Khorasan and in present-day Uzbekistan).

See Muhammad and Al-Tirmidhi

Al-Walid I

Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān; – 23 February 715), commonly known as al-Walid I (الوليد الأول), was the sixth Umayyad caliph, ruling from October 705 until his death in 715. Muhammad and al-Walid I are Arab Muslims.

See Muhammad and Al-Walid I

Al-Waqidi

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Waqid al-Aslami (Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn Wāqid al-Aslamī) (– 207 AH; commonly referred as commonly referred to as al-Waqidi (Arabic: الواقدي; c. 747 – 823 AD) was an early Muslim historian and biographer of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, specializing in his military campaigns.

See Muhammad and Al-Waqidi

Alexander Romance

The Alexander Romance, once described as "antiquity's most successful novel", is an account of the life and exploits of Alexander the Great.

See Muhammad and Alexander Romance

Alford T. Welch

Alford T. Welch is a Professor of Religious Studies at Michigan State University.

See Muhammad and Alford T. Welch

Alfred Guillaume

Alfred Guillaume (8 November 1888 – 30 November 1965) was a British Christian Arabist, scholar of the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament and Islam.

See Muhammad and Alfred Guillaume

Ali

Ali ibn Abi Talib (translit) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 to 661, as well as the first Shia imam. Muhammad and Ali are Arab Muslims, Arab generals, Arab politicians and people from Mecca.

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Allah

Allah (ﷲ|translit.

See Muhammad and Allah

Amina

Amina (or Aminah) is the loose transcription of two different Arabic female given names.

See Muhammad and Amina

Amina bint Wahb

Amina bint Wahb ibn Abd Manaf al-Zuhriyya (translit) was the mother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and Amina bint Wahb are 6th-century Arab people.

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Amr ibn al-As

Amr ibn al-As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi (translit; 664) was an Arab commander and companion of Muhammad who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt and served as its governor in 640–646 and 658–664. The son of a wealthy Qurayshite, Amr embraced Islam in and was assigned important roles in the nascent Muslim community by the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Amr ibn al-As

Amr ibn Hisham

Amr ibn Hisham (translit; also known as Abū Jahl (أبو جهل) (literally "father of ignorance") by Muslims) was the Meccan Qurayshi polytheist leader of the Mushrikites known for his opposition to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the most prominent flag-bearer of opposition towards Islam. Muhammad and Amr ibn Hisham are 6th-century Arab people and 7th-century Arab people.

See Muhammad and Amr ibn Hisham

An-Najm

An-Najm (النجم,; The Star) is the 53rd chapter (surah) of the Quran, with 62 verses (āyāt).

See Muhammad and An-Najm

An-Nur

An-Nur (The Light) is the 24th chapter of the Quran with 64 verses.

See Muhammad and An-Nur

Angels in Islam

In Islam, angels (ملاك٬ ملك|malāk; plural: ملائِكة|malāʾik/malāʾikah|label.

See Muhammad and Angels in Islam

Aniconism in Islam

In some forms of Islamic art, aniconism stems in part from the prohibition of idolatry and in part from the belief that the creation of living forms is God's prerogative.

See Muhammad and Aniconism in Islam

Ansar (Islam)

The Ansar or Ansari (The Helpers' or 'Those who bring victory) are the local inhabitants of Medina who took the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers (the Muhajirun) into their homes when they emigrated from Mecca during the hijra.

See Muhammad and Ansar (Islam)

Antichrist

In Christian eschatology, Antichrist refers to a kind of person prophesied by the Bible to oppose Jesus Christ and falsely substitute themselves as a savior in Christ's place before the Second Coming.

See Muhammad and Antichrist

Aqidah

Aqidah (pl.) is an Islamic term of Arabic origin that literally means "creed".

See Muhammad and Aqidah

Arab conquest of Egypt

The Arab conquest of Egypt, led by the army of 'Amr ibn al-'As, took place between 639 and 642 AD and was overseen by the Rashidun Caliphate.

See Muhammad and Arab conquest of Egypt

Arabian Peninsula

The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.

See Muhammad and Arabian Peninsula

Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad

There were several Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad

Arabs

The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.

See Muhammad and Arabs

Archery

Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows.

See Muhammad and Archery

Aristocracy (class)

The aristocracy is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class.

See Muhammad and Aristocracy (class)

As-salamu alaykum

As-salamu alaykum (ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ), also written salamun alaykum and typically rendered in English as salam alaykum, is a greeting in Arabic that means 'Peace be upon you'.

See Muhammad and As-salamu alaykum

Ashtiname of Muhammad

The Ashtiname of Muhammad, also known as the Covenant or Testament (Testamentum) of Muhammad, is a charter or writ granting protection and other privileges to the followers of Jesus, given to the Christian monks of Saint Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula.

See Muhammad and Ashtiname of Muhammad

Asma bint Marwan

ʻAṣmāʼ bint Marwān (عصماء بنت مروان "Ãsma, daughter of Marwan") a female Arab poet said to have lived in Medina in 7th-century Arabia.

See Muhammad and Asma bint Marwan

Āyah

An āyah (آية,; آيات) is a "verse" in the Quran, one of the statements of varying length that make up the chapters (surah) of the Quran and are marked by a number.

See Muhammad and Āyah

Baháʼí Faith

The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the essential worth of all religions and the unity of all people.

See Muhammad and Baháʼí Faith

Baháʼu'lláh

Baháʼu'lláh (born Ḥusayn-ʻAlí; 12 November 1817 – 29 May 1892) was an Iranian religious leader who founded the Baháʼí Faith.

See Muhammad and Baháʼu'lláh

Bahira

Bahira (بَحِيرَىٰ, ܒܚܝܪܐ) is the name in Islamic tradition of a Christian monk who is said to have foretold Muhammad's prophethood when they met while Muhammad was accompanying his uncle Abu Talib on a trading trip. Muhammad and Bahira are 6th-century Arab people.

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Banu Amir

The Banu Amir (translit) was a large and ancient Arab tribe originating from Western Arabia that dominated Najd for centuries after the rise of Islam.

See Muhammad and Banu Amir

Banu Aws

The Banū Aws (بنو أوس, "Sons of Aws") or simply Aws (أوس, also romanised as Aus) was one of the main Arab tribes of Medina.

See Muhammad and Banu Aws

Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat

The Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat (بنو بكر بن عبد مناة) family is an ancient Arabian tribe of the Hejaz region, today known as Bani Bakr.

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Banu Fazara

The Banu Fazara or Fazzara or Fezara or Fezzara were an Arab tribe whose original homeland was Najd.

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Banu Hashim

The Banū Hāshim (بنو هاشم) is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which Muhammad Ibn Abdullah belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. Muhammad and Banu Hashim are Quraysh.

See Muhammad and Banu Hashim

Banu Khazraj

The Banu Khazraj (بنو خزرج) is a large Qahtanite Arab tribe.

See Muhammad and Banu Khazraj

Banu Khuza'ah

The Banū Khuzāʿah (بنو خزاعة, singular خزاعيّ Khuzāʿī) are an Azdite, Qahtanite tribe, one of the main ancestral tribes of Arabia.

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Banu Makhzum

The Banu Makhzum was one of the wealthy clans of the Quraysh. Muhammad and Banu Makhzum are Quraysh.

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Banu Mustaliq

The Banu Mustaliq (بنو المصطلق) is an Arab tribe.

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Banu Nadir

The Banu Nadir (بَنُو ٱلنَّضِير, בני נדיר) were a Jewish Arab tribe that lived in northern Arabia at the oasis of Medina until the 7th century.

See Muhammad and Banu Nadir

Banu Nawfal

Banu Nawfal (بنو نوفل) is a notable Arabic sub-clan of the Quraish tribe. Muhammad and Banu Nawfal are Quraysh.

See Muhammad and Banu Nawfal

Banu Qaynuqa

The Banu Qaynuqa (بنو قينقاع; also spelled Banu Kainuka, Banu Kaynuka, Banu Qainuqa, Banu Qaynuqa) was one of the three main Jewish tribes that originally lived in Medina (now part of Saudi Arabia) before being expelled by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Banu Qaynuqa

Banu Qurayza

The Banu Qurayza (بنو قريظة; alternate spellings include Quraiza, Qurayzah, Quraytha, and the archaic Koreiza) were a Jewish tribe which lived in northern Arabia, at the oasis of Yathrib (now known as Medina).

See Muhammad and Banu Qurayza

Banu Thaqif

The Banu Thaqif (Banū Thaqīf) is an Arab tribe which inhabited, and still inhabits, the city of Ta'if and its environs, in modern Saudi Arabia, and played a prominent role in early Islamic history.

See Muhammad and Banu Thaqif

Barakat Ahmad

Barakat Ahmad (died 1988) was an Ahmadi scholar and Indian diplomat.

See Muhammad and Barakat Ahmad

Battle of Badr

The Battle of Badr (غَزْوَةُ بَدْرٍ), also referred to as The Day of the Criterion in the Qur'an and by Muslims, was fought on 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan, 2 AH), near the present-day city of Badr, Al Madinah Province in Saudi Arabia.

See Muhammad and Battle of Badr

Battle of the Trench

The Battle of the Trench (Ghazwat al-Khandaq), also known as the Battle of Khandaq (Ma’rakah al-Khandaq) and the Battle of the Confederates (Ghazwat al-Ahzab), was part of the conflict between the Muslims and the Quraysh, where this time the Quraysh took the offensive and advanced on the Muslims, who defended themselves in Medina by digging a trench around their settlement at the suggestion of Salman the Persian.

See Muhammad and Battle of the Trench

Battle of Uhud

The Battle of Uhud was fought between the early Muslims and the Quraysh during the Muslim–Quraysh wars in a valley north of Mount Uhud near Medina on Saturday, 23 March 625 AD (7 Shawwal, 3 AH). After suffering defeat at the Battle of Badr and having their caravans endlessly raided by the Muslims, the Quraysh finally saw the necessity to take strong measures.

See Muhammad and Battle of Uhud

Bernard Lewis

Bernard Lewis, (31 May 1916 – 19 May 2018) was a British American historian specialized in Oriental studies.

See Muhammad and Bernard Lewis

Bilal ibn Rabah

Bilāl ibn Rabāḥ (بِلَال بِن رَبَاح) (5 March 580 – 2 March 640), was one of the Sahabah (companions) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Bilal ibn Rabah

Birmingham Quran manuscript

The Birmingham Quran manuscript comprises two leaves of parchment from an early Quranic manuscript or muṣḥaf.

See Muhammad and Birmingham Quran manuscript

Black Stone

The Black Stone (translit) is a rock set into the eastern corner of the Kaaba, the ancient building in the center of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

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Blood money (restitution)

Blood money, also called bloodwit, is money or some sort of compensation paid by an offender, usually a murderer, or their family group, to the family or kin group of the victim.

See Muhammad and Blood money (restitution)

Bounty (reward)

A bounty is a payment or reward of money to locate, capture or kill an outlaw or a wanted person.

See Muhammad and Bounty (reward)

Brill Publishers

Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.

See Muhammad and Brill Publishers

Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

See Muhammad and Buddhism

Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

See Muhammad and Byzantine Empire

Caliphate

A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.

See Muhammad and Caliphate

Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

See Muhammad and Cambridge University Press

Caravan (travellers)

A caravan (from Persian) or cafila (from Arabic) is a group of people traveling together, often on a trade expedition.

See Muhammad and Caravan (travellers)

Cauterization

Cauterization (or cauterisation, or cautery) is a medical practice or technique of burning a part of a body to remove or close off a part of it.

See Muhammad and Cauterization

Children of Muhammad

The common view is that the Islamic prophet Muhammad had three sons, named Abd Allah, Ibrahim, and Qasim, and four daughters, named Fatima, Ruqayya, Umm Kulthum, and Zaynab. Muhammad and Children of Muhammad are 6th-century Arab people, 7th-century Arab people, Medina, people from Mecca and Quraysh.

See Muhammad and Children of Muhammad

Christendom

Christendom refers to Christian states, Christian-majority countries or countries in which Christianity is dominant or prevails.

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Christianity in the Middle Ages

Christianity in the Middle Ages covers the history of Christianity from the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

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Church (building)

A church, church building, or church house is a building used for Christian worship services and other Christian religious activities.

See Muhammad and Church (building)

Church of the East

The Church of the East (''ʿĒḏtā d-Maḏenḥā''.) or the East Syriac Church, also called the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the Persian Church, the Assyrian Church, the Babylonian Church or the Nestorian Church, is one of three major branches of Nicene Eastern Christianity that arose from the Christological controversies of the 5th and 6th centuries, alongside the Miaphisite churches (which came to be known as the Oriental Orthodox Churches) and the Chalcedonian Church (whose Eastern branch would later become the Eastern Orthodox Church).

See Muhammad and Church of the East

Claude-Emmanuel de Pastoret

Claude-Emmanuel Joseph Pierre, Marquess of Pastoret (24 December 1755, in Marseille – 28 September 1840, in Paris) was a French lawyer, author and politician.

See Muhammad and Claude-Emmanuel de Pastoret

Coitus interruptus

Coitus interruptus, also known as withdrawal, pulling out or the pull-out method, is an act of birth control during penetrative sexual intercourse, whereby the penis is withdrawn from a vagina prior to ejaculation so that the ejaculate (semen) may be directed away in an effort to avoid insemination.

See Muhammad and Coitus interruptus

Common Era

Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.

See Muhammad and Common Era

Companions of the Prophet

The Companions of the Prophet (lit) were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime, while being a Muslim and were physically in his presence. Muhammad and Companions of the Prophet are 7th-century Arab people and Arab Muslims.

See Muhammad and Companions of the Prophet

Conquest of Mecca

The conquest of Mecca (فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ, alternatively, "liberation of Mecca") was a military campaign undertaken by Muhammad and his companions during the Muslim–Quraysh War.

See Muhammad and Conquest of Mecca

Constitution of Medina

The Constitution of Medina (دستور المدينة, Dustūr al-Madīna), also known as the Umma Document, is a document dealing with tribal affairs during the Islamic prophet Muhammad's time in Medina and formed the basis of a multi-religious state under his leadership.

See Muhammad and Constitution of Medina

Conversion to Islam

Conversion to Islam is accepting Islam as a religion or faith and rejecting any other religion or irreligion.

See Muhammad and Conversion to Islam

Copts

Copts (niremənkhēmi; al-qibṭ) are a Christian ethnoreligious group indigenous to North Africa who have primarily inhabited the area of modern Egypt since antiquity.

See Muhammad and Copts

Covenant (law)

A covenant, in its most general sense and historical sense, is a solemn promise to engage in or refrain from a specified action.

See Muhammad and Covenant (law)

Criterion of embarrassment

The criterion of embarrassment is a type of biblical historical analysis in which a historical account is deemed likely to be true under the inference that the author would have no reason to invent a historical account which might embarrass them.

See Muhammad and Criterion of embarrassment

Criticism of Muhammad

The first to criticize the Islamic prophet Muhammad were his non-Muslim Arab contemporaries, who decried him for preaching monotheism, and the Jewish tribes of Arabia, for what they claimed were unwarranted appropriation of Biblical narratives and figures and vituperation of the Jewish faith.

See Muhammad and Criticism of Muhammad

Dawah

(دعوة,, "invitation", also spelt dâvah,,, or dakwah) is the act of inviting people to Islam.

See Muhammad and Dawah

Depictions of Muhammad

The permissibility of depictions of Muhammad in Islam has been a contentious issue.

See Muhammad and Depictions of Muhammad

Dhu al-Qarnayn

, (Dhū l-Qarnayn,; "The Two-Horned One") appears in the Qur'an, Surah al-Kahf (18), Ayahs 83–101, as one who travels to the east and west and sets up a barrier between a certain people and Gog and Magog (Yaʾjūj wa-Maʾjūj).

See Muhammad and Dhu al-Qarnayn

Din (Arabic)

Dīn (Dīn, also anglicized as Deen) is an Arabic word with three general senses: judgment, custom, and religion.

See Muhammad and Din (Arabic)

Diplomatic career of Muhammad

The diplomatic career of Muhammad (– 8 June 632) encompasses Muhammad's leadership over the growing Muslim community (Ummah) in early Arabia and his correspondences with the rulers of other nations in and around Arabia.

See Muhammad and Diplomatic career of Muhammad

Divine inspiration

Divine inspiration is the concept of a supernatural force, typically a deity, causing a person or people to experience a creative desire.

See Muhammad and Divine inspiration

Druze

The Druze (دَرْزِيّ, or دُرْزِيّ, rtl), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul.

See Muhammad and Druze

Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.

See Muhammad and Eastern Orthodox Church

Encyclopaedia of Islam

The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam.

See Muhammad and Encyclopaedia of Islam

Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān

The Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān (abbreviated EQ) is an encyclopedia dedicated to Quranic Studies edited by Islamic scholar Jane Dammen McAuliffe, and published by Brill Publishers.

See Muhammad and Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān

Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

See Muhammad and Encyclopædia Britannica

Encyclopedia of Ethics

The Encyclopedia of Ethics is a scholarly work with the original focus on ethical theory.

See Muhammad and Encyclopedia of Ethics

Ethnoreligious group

An ethnoreligious group (or an ethno-religious group) is a grouping of people who are unified by a common religious and ethnic background.

See Muhammad and Ethnoreligious group

Fadak

Fadak (فدك) was a village with fertile land in an oasis near Medina.

See Muhammad and Fadak

Fadl ibn Abbas

Faḍl ibn ʿAbbās (Arabic: فضل بن عباس; c. 614 – 639 CE) was a brother of Abd Allah ibn Abbas and was a cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Fadl ibn Abbas

Fakhitah bint Abi Talib

Fākhitah bint Abī Ṭālib (فاختة بنت أبي طالب), also known as Hind and better known by her kunya Umm Hānī, was a cousin and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and Fakhitah bint Abi Talib are 6th-century Arab people and 7th-century Arab people.

See Muhammad and Fakhitah bint Abi Talib

Family tree of Muhammad

This family tree is about the relatives of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as a family member of the family of Hashim and the Qurayshs tribe which is ‘Adnani.

See Muhammad and Family tree of Muhammad

Farewell Pilgrimage

The Farewell Pilgrimage (translit) refers to the one Hajj pilgrimage that Muhammad performed in the Islamic year 10 AH, following the Conquest of Mecca.

See Muhammad and Farewell Pilgrimage

Fatima

Fatima bint Muhammad (Fāṭima bint Muḥammad; 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fatima al-Zahra' (Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija. Muhammad and Fatima are 632 deaths, people from Mecca and the Fourteen Infallibles.

See Muhammad and Fatima

Fazlur Rahman Malik

Fazlur Rahman Malik (فضل الرحمان ملک; September 21, 1919 – July 26, 1988), commonly known as Fazlur Rahman, was a modernist scholar and Islamic philosopher from today's Pakistan.

See Muhammad and Fazlur Rahman Malik

First Islamic State

The first Islamic State, better known as State of Medina was the first islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 CE under the Constitution of Medina.

See Muhammad and First Islamic State

Freedman

A freedman or freedwoman is a person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means.

See Muhammad and Freedman

Friedrich Schlegel

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (after 1814: von) Schlegel (10 March 1772 – 12 January 1829) was a German poet, literary critic, philosopher, philologist, and Indologist.

See Muhammad and Friedrich Schlegel

Gabriel

In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Baháʼí Faith), Gabriel is an archangel with the power to announce God's will to mankind.

See Muhammad and Gabriel

German Romanticism

German Romanticism was the dominant intellectual movement of German-speaking countries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, influencing philosophy, aesthetics, literature, and criticism.

See Muhammad and German Romanticism

Ghadir Khumm

The Ghadīr Khumm (غَدِير خُم) was a gathering of Muslims to attend a sermon delivered by the Islamic prophet Muhammad on 16 March 632 CE.

See Muhammad and Ghadir Khumm

Glossary of Islam

The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from Islamic and associated cultural (Arab, Persian, Turkish) traditions, which are expressed as words in Arabic or Persian language.

See Muhammad and Glossary of Islam

God in Islam

In Islam, God (Allāh, contraction of ٱلْإِلَٰه, lit.) is seen as the creator and sustainer of the universe, who lives eternally and will eventually resurrect all humans.

See Muhammad and God in Islam

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (– 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who invented calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic, and statistics.

See Muhammad and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Graphic novel

A graphic novel is a long-form work of sequential art.

See Muhammad and Graphic novel

Greater Iran

Greater Iran or Greater Persia (ایران بزرگ), also called the Iranosphere or the Persosphere, is an expression that denotes a wide socio-cultural region comprising parts of West Asia, the South Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and East Asia (specifically Xinjiang)—all of which have been affected, to some degree, by the Iranian peoples and the Iranian languages.

See Muhammad and Greater Iran

Green Dome

The Green Dome (ٱَلْقُبَّة ٱلْخَضْرَاء|al-Qubbah al-Khaḍrāʾ) is a green-coloured dome built above the tombs of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the early Rashidun Caliphs Abu Bakr and Omar, which used to be the Noble Chamber of Aisha.

See Muhammad and Green Dome

Guillaume Postel

Guillaume Postel (25 March 1510 – 6 September 1581) was a French linguist, Orientalist, astronomer, Christian Kabbalist, diplomat, polyglot, professor, religious universalist, and writer.

See Muhammad and Guillaume Postel

Hadith

Hadith (translit) or Athar (أثر) is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Hadith

Hadith studies

Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, (i.e. what most Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators).

See Muhammad and Hadith studies

Hakim ibn Hizam

Ḥakīm ibn Ḥizām (Arabic: حكيمبن حزام) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a nephew of Khadija. Muhammad and Hakim ibn Hizam are Angelic visionaries.

See Muhammad and Hakim ibn Hizam

Halima bint Abi Dhu'ayb

Halima bint Abi Dhu'ayb al-Sa'diyya (حليمة بنت أبي ذؤيب السعدية) was the foster-mother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Halima bint Abi Dhu'ayb

Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Ḥamza ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib (حَمْزَة إبْن عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب)Muhammad ibn Saad. Muhammad and Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib are 570s births, 6th-century Arab people, Angelic visionaries and Arab Muslims.

See Muhammad and Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Hanif

In Islam, a (ḥanīf; plural: حنفاء), meaning "renunciate", is someone who maintains the pure monotheism of the patriarch Abraham.

See Muhammad and Hanif

HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.

See Muhammad and HarperCollins

Hashim ibn Abd Manaf

Hāshim ibn ʿAbd Manāf (هاشمبن عبد مناف), born ʿAmr al-ʿUlā (عمرو العلا), was the great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the progenitor of the ruling Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. Muhammad and Hashim ibn Abd Manaf are Quraysh.

See Muhammad and Hashim ibn Abd Manaf

Hawazin

The Hawazin (هوازن / ALA-LC: Hawāzin) were an Arab tribe originally based in the western Najd and around Ta'if in the Hejaz.

See Muhammad and Hawazin

Hebrew Bible

The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.

See Muhammad and Hebrew Bible

Heinrich Heine

Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (born Harry Heine; 13 December 1797 – 17 February 1856) was a German poet, writer and literary critic.

See Muhammad and Heinrich Heine

Hejaz

The Hejaz (also; lit) is a region that includes the majority of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Baljurashi.

See Muhammad and Hejaz

Henri de Boulainvilliers

Henri de Boulainvilliers (21 October 1658, Saint-Saire, Normandy – 23 January 1722, Paris) was a French nobleman, writer and historian.

See Muhammad and Henri de Boulainvilliers

Heresy in Christianity

Heresy in Christianity denotes the formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith as defined by one or more of the Christian churches.

See Muhammad and Heresy in Christianity

Hijr Ismail

Hijr-Ismail (حجر إسماعيل) also known as Hateem, is a low wall originally part of the Kaaba.

See Muhammad and Hijr Ismail

Hijrah

The Hijrah (hijra, originally 'a severing of ties of kinship or association'), also Hegira (from Medieval Latin), was the journey the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers took from Mecca to Medina.

See Muhammad and Hijrah

Hijri year

The Hijri year (سَنة هِجْريّة) or era (التقويمالهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar.

See Muhammad and Hijri year

Himyarite Kingdom

The Himyarite Kingdom was a polity in the southern highlands of Yemen, as well as the name of the region which it claimed.

See Muhammad and Himyarite Kingdom

Ian Almond

Ian Almond (born 1969) is a literary scholar.

See Muhammad and Ian Almond

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani

Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (ابن حجر العسقلاني; 18 February 1372 – 2 February 1449), or simply ibn Ḥajar, was a classic Islamic scholar "whose life work constitutes the final summation of the science of hadith." He authored some 150 works on hadith, history, biography, exegesis, poetry, and the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, the most valued of which being his commentary of Sahih al-Bukhari, titled Fath al-Bari.

See Muhammad and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani

Ibn Hisham

Abu Muhammad Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham ibn Ayyub al-Himyari (translit; died 7 May 833), known simply as Ibn Hisham, was a 9th-century Muslim historian and scholar.

See Muhammad and Ibn Hisham

Ibn Ishaq

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar al-Muttalibi (translit; –767), known simply as Ibn Ishaq, was an 8th-century Muslim historian and hagiographer.

See Muhammad and Ibn Ishaq

Ibn Majah

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yazīd Ibn Mājah al-Rabʿī al-Qazwīnī (ابو عبد الله محمد بن يزيد بن ماجه الربعي القزويني; (b. 209/824, d. 273/887) commonly known as Ibn Mājah, was a medieval scholar of hadith of Persian origin. He compiled the last of Sunni Islam's six canonical hadith collections, Sunan Ibn Mājah.Ludwig W.

See Muhammad and Ibn Majah

Ibn Sa'd

Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī or simply Ibn Sa'd (ابن سعد) and nicknamed Scribe of Waqidi (Katib al-Waqidi), was a scholar and Arabian biographer.

See Muhammad and Ibn Sa'd

Ibrahim ibn Muhammad

Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad (إِبْرَاهِيمٱبْن مُحَمَّد), was the son of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Maria al-Qibtiyya. Muhammad and Ibrahim ibn Muhammad are 632 deaths.

See Muhammad and Ibrahim ibn Muhammad

Ikhwan

The Ikhwan (al-ʾIkhwān, the Brethren), commonly known as Ikhwan man ata'a Allah (إخوان من أطاع الله, Brethren of those who obey God), was a Wahhabi religious militia made up of traditionally nomadic tribesmen which formed a significant military force of the ruler Ibn Saud and played an important role in establishing him as ruler of most of the Arabian Peninsula in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

See Muhammad and Ikhwan

Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate, ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (translit), and known to the Mongols as Hülegü Ulus, was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire.

See Muhammad and Ilkhanate

Intercalation (timekeeping)

Intercalation or embolism in timekeeping is the insertion of a leap day, week, or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follow the seasons or moon phases.

See Muhammad and Intercalation (timekeeping)

Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

See Muhammad and Iran

Ishmael

Ishmael was the first son of Abraham, according to the Abrahamic religions.

See Muhammad and Ishmael

Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

See Muhammad and Islam

Islam and the West

Islam and the West is a 1993 book written by Middle-East historian and scholar Bernard Lewis.

See Muhammad and Islam and the West

Islamic calendar

The Hijri calendar (translit), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.

See Muhammad and Islamic calendar

Islamic ethics

Islamic ethics (أخلاق إسلامية) is the "philosophical reflection upon moral conduct" with a view to defining "good character" and attaining the "pleasure of God" (raza-e Ilahi).

See Muhammad and Islamic ethics

Islamic honorifics

Islam uses a number of conventionally complimentary phrases wishing-well or praising religiously-esteemed figures including God (Allah), Muhammad (Messenger of God), Muhammad's companions (sahaba), family (Ahl al-Bayt), other Islamic prophets and messengers, angels, and revered persons.

See Muhammad and Islamic honorifics

Islamic views on slavery

Islamic views on slavery represent a complex and multifaceted body of Islamic thought,Brockopp, Jonathan E., “Slaves and Slavery”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC.

See Muhammad and Islamic views on slavery

Ismah

‘Iṣmah or ‘Isma (عِصْمَة; literally, "protection") is the concept of incorruptible innocence, immunity from sin, or moral infallibility in Islamic theology, and which is especially prominent in Shia Islam.

See Muhammad and Ismah

Isnad

In the Islamic study of hadith, an isnād (chain of transmitters) refers to a list of people who passed on a tradition, from the original authority to whom the tradition is attributed to, to the present person reciting or compiling that tradition.

See Muhammad and Isnad

Jabal al-Nour

Jabal al-Nour (lit or 'Hill of the Illumination') is a mountain near Mecca in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia.

See Muhammad and Jabal al-Nour

Jahiliyyah

Jahiliyyah (جَاهِلِيَّة, "ignorance") is a polemical Islamic and Arabic term that refers to the period in Pre-Islamic Arabia before the advent of Islam in 609 CE.

See Muhammad and Jahiliyyah

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher (philosophe), writer, and composer.

See Muhammad and Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jerusalem

Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

See Muhammad and Jerusalem

Jesus in Islam

In Islam, Jesus (translit) is believed to be the penultimate prophet and messenger of God and the Messiah sent to guide the Children of Israel with a book called the (Evangel or Gospel). Muhammad and Jesus in Islam are Entering heaven alive and prophets of the Quran.

See Muhammad and Jesus in Islam

Jewish tribes of Arabia

It is believed that Jews began migrating to the Arabian Peninsula in as early as the 6th century BCE, when the Babylonian conquest of Judah triggered a mass Jewish exodus from Judea in the Land of Israel.

See Muhammad and Jewish tribes of Arabia

Jinn

Jinn (جِنّ), also romanized as djinn or anglicized as genies, are invisible creatures in early pre-Islamic Arabia and later in Islamic culture and beliefs.

See Muhammad and Jinn

Jizya

Jizya (jizya), or jizyah, is a tax historically levied on dhimmis, that is, protected non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law.

See Muhammad and Jizya

Johann Gottfried Herder

Johann Gottfried von Herder (25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic.

See Muhammad and Johann Gottfried Herder

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language.

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John Kelsay

John Kelsay is an author and a Research Professor and Richard L. Rubenstein Professor of Religion at Florida State University.

See Muhammad and John Kelsay

John V. Tolan

John Victor Tolan (born 1959) is a historian of religious and cultural relations between the Arab and Latin-speaking civilizations of the Middle Ages.

See Muhammad and John V. Tolan

Josh Kopelman

Joshua Kopelman is an American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and philanthropist.

See Muhammad and Josh Kopelman

Jurisdiction

Jurisdiction (from Latin juris 'law' + dictio 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice.

See Muhammad and Jurisdiction

Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf

Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf (كعب بن الأشرف; died) was, according to Islamic texts, a pre-Islamic Arabic poet and contemporary of Muhammad in Medina.

See Muhammad and Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf

Kaaba

The Kaaba, sometimes referred to as al-Ka'ba al-Musharrafa, is a stone building at the center of Islam's most important mosque and holiest site, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

See Muhammad and Kaaba

Kenana ibn al-Rabi

Kenana ibn al-Rabi' (كِنَانَة ٱبْن ٱلرَّبِيع) also known as Kenana ibn al-Rabi'a and Kenana ibn al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq, was a Jewish Arab tribal leader of seventh-century Arabia and an opponent of Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Kenana ibn al-Rabi

Khadija bint Khuwaylid

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (Khadīja bint Khuwaylid, 554 – November 619) was the first wife and the first follower of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and Khadija bint Khuwaylid are 6th-century Arab people, 7th-century Arab people, 7th-century merchants and people from Mecca.

See Muhammad and Khadija bint Khuwaylid

Khalid ibn al-Walid

Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (died 642) was a 7th-century Arab military commander. Muhammad and Khalid ibn al-Walid are Arab Muslims and Arab generals.

See Muhammad and Khalid ibn al-Walid

Khaybar

KhaybarOther standardized Arabic transliterations: /. Anglicized pronunciation:,. (خَيْبَر) is an oasis in Medina Province, Saudi Arabia, situated some north of the city of Medina.

See Muhammad and Khaybar

Khums

In Islam, khums (خُمْس, literally 'one fifth') refers to the required religious obligation of shia Muslims to pay 20% of their acquired wealth from certain sources toward specified causes.

See Muhammad and Khums

Kilab ibn Murrah

Kilab ibn Murrah (كِلَاب بْن مُرَّة) (born CE) was an ancestor of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and Kilab ibn Murrah are Quraysh.

See Muhammad and Kilab ibn Murrah

Kingdom of Aksum

The Kingdom of Aksum (ʾÄksum; 𐩱𐩫𐩪𐩣,; Axōmítēs) also known as the Kingdom of Axum, or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom in East Africa and South Arabia from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages.

See Muhammad and Kingdom of Aksum

Kunya (Arabic)

A (كُنيَة) is a teknonym in an Arabic name, the name of an adult derived from their eldest son.

See Muhammad and Kunya (Arabic)

Laylat al-mabit

Laylat al-mabit (lit) refers to the night in 622 CE in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad fled Mecca for Yathrib, apparently to foil an assassination plan.

See Muhammad and Laylat al-mabit

Levant

The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.

See Muhammad and Levant

List of biblical names

Names play a variety of roles in the Bible.

See Muhammad and List of biblical names

List of biographies of Muhammad

This is a chronological listing of biographies of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, from the earliest traditional writers to modern times.

See Muhammad and List of biographies of Muhammad

List of founders of religious traditions

These are historical figures credited with founding religions or religious philosophies, or who codified older known religious traditions. Muhammad and List of founders of religious traditions are founders of religions.

See Muhammad and List of founders of religious traditions

List of pre-Islamic Arabian deities

Deities formed a part of the polytheistic religious beliefs in pre-Islamic Arabia, with many of the deities' names known.

See Muhammad and List of pre-Islamic Arabian deities

Lithography

Lithography is a planographic method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water.

See Muhammad and Lithography

Mahomet (play)

Mahomet (Le fanatisme, ou Mahomet le Prophète, literally Fanaticism, or Mahomet the Prophet) is a five-act tragedy written in 1736 by French playwright and philosopher Voltaire.

See Muhammad and Mahomet (play)

Malik ibn Anas

Malik ibn Anas (translit; –795) was an Islamic scholar and traditionalist who is the eponym of the Maliki school, one of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence in Sunni Islam.

See Muhammad and Malik ibn Anas

Mamluk Sultanate

The Mamluk Sultanate (translit), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries.

See Muhammad and Mamluk Sultanate

Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)

The Manifestation of God (مظهر ظهور maẓhar ẓohūr) is a concept in the Baháʼí Faith that refers to what are commonly called prophets.

See Muhammad and Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)

Maria al-Qibtiyya

(), better known as or (مارية القبطية), or Maria the Copt, died 637, was an Egyptian woman who, along with her sister Sirin bint Shamun, was given to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 628 by Al-Muqawqis, a Christian governor of Alexandria, during the territory's Sasanian occupation as slaves.

See Muhammad and Maria al-Qibtiyya

Martial arts

Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defence; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the preservation of a nation's intangible cultural heritage.

See Muhammad and Martial arts

Mary, mother of Jesus

Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus. Muhammad and Mary, mother of Jesus are Angelic visionaries.

See Muhammad and Mary, mother of Jesus

Masjid al-Qiblatayn

The Masjid al-Qiblatayn (lit), also spelt Masjid al-Qiblatain, is a mosque in Medina believed by Muslims to be the place where the final Islamic prophet, Muhammad, received the command to change the Qibla (direction of prayer) from Jerusalem to Mecca.

See Muhammad and Masjid al-Qiblatayn

Mawlid

Mawlid (مولد) is an annual festival and holiday commemorating the birthday of Muhammad on the traditional date of 12 Rabiʽ al-Awwal, the fourth month of the Islamic calendar.

See Muhammad and Mawlid

Maymunah bint al-Harith

Maymunah bint al-Harith al-Hilaliyyah (Maymūnah ibnat al-Ḥārith al-Hilālīyah), was the eleventh and final wife of Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Maymunah bint al-Harith

Mecca

Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.

See Muhammad and Mecca

Medina

Medina, officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.

See Muhammad and Medina

Meir Jacob Kister

Meir Jacob Kister (מאיר יעקב קיסטר‎ 16 January 1914 in Mościska – 16 August 2010 in Jerusalem) was a Jewish Arabist from Poland who worked in Israel.

See Muhammad and Meir Jacob Kister

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.

See Muhammad and Mesopotamia

Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

See Muhammad and Middle Ages

Migration to Abyssinia

The migration to Abyssinia (translit), also known as the First Hijra (label), was an episode in the early history of Islam, where the first followers of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (they were known as the Sahabah, or the companions) migrated from Arabia due to their persecution by the Quraysh, the ruling Arab tribal confederation of Mecca.

See Muhammad and Migration to Abyssinia

Miracles of Muhammad

Miracles of Muhammad are miraculous claims attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Miracles of Muhammad

Monastery

A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).

See Muhammad and Monastery

Monophysitism

Monophysitism or monophysism (from Greek μόνος, "solitary" and φύσις, "nature") is a Christology that states that in the person of the incarnated Word (that is, in Jesus Christ) there was only one nature—the divine.

See Muhammad and Monophysitism

Monotheism

Monotheism is the belief that one god is the only deity.

See Muhammad and Monotheism

Moses in Islam

Mūsā ibn ʿImrān (موسى ابن عمران) is a prominent prophet and messenger of God and is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran, with his name being mentioned 136 times and his life being narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet.

See Muhammad and Moses in Islam

Mosque

A mosque, also called a masjid, is a place of worship for Muslims.

See Muhammad and Mosque

Mount Uhud

Mount Uhud (Jabal Uḥud) is a mountain north of Medina, in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia.

See Muhammad and Mount Uhud

Mu'awiya I

Mu'awiya I (Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; –April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death. Muhammad and Mu'awiya I are people from Mecca.

See Muhammad and Mu'awiya I

Muṭʽim ibn ʽAdi

Muṭim ibn Adi (مطعمبن عدي) was a non-Muslim contemporary of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the chief of the Banu Nawfal clan of the Banu Quraish tribe. Muhammad and Muṭʽim ibn ʽAdi are 7th-century Arab people and people from Mecca.

See Muhammad and Muṭʽim ibn ʽAdi

Muhajirun

The Muhajirun (al-muhājirūn, singular مهاجر) were the converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated from Mecca to Medina, the event is known in Islam as the Hijra. Muhammad and Muhajirun are people from Mecca.

See Muhammad and Muhajirun

Muhammad al-Bukhari

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ibrāhīm al-Juʿfī al-Bukhārī (21 July 810 – 1 September 870) was a 9th-century Muslim muhaddith who is widely regarded as the most important hadith scholar in the history of Sunni Islam.

See Muhammad and Muhammad al-Bukhari

Muhammad and the Bible

Arguments that prophecies of Muhammad exist in the Bible have formed part of Islamic tradition since at least the mid-8th century, when the first extant arguments for the presence of predictions of Muhammad in the Bible were made by Ibn Ishaq in his Book of Military Expeditions (Kitāb al-maghāzī).

See Muhammad and Muhammad and the Bible

Muhammad ibn Maslamah

Muhammad ibn Maslamah al-Ansari (Muḥammad ibn Maslamah al-Anṣārī; 588 or 591 – 663 or 666) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Muhammad ibn Maslamah

Muhammad in Europe

Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making is a biography of Muhammad by the Iranian writer and lecturer Minou Reeves, published in 2003.

See Muhammad and Muhammad in Europe

Muhammad in film

The depiction of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (as with other visual depictions) is a controversial topic both within and outside of Islam.

See Muhammad and Muhammad in film

Muhammad in Islam

In Islam, Muḥammad (مُحَمَّد) is venerated as the Seal of the Prophets and earthly manifestation of primordial divine light (Nūr), who transmitted the eternal word of God (Qur'ān) from the angel Gabriel (Jabrāʾīl) to humans and jinn. Muhammad and Muhammad in Islam are prophets of the Quran.

See Muhammad and Muhammad in Islam

Muhammad in Mecca

Muhammad, the final Islamic prophet, was born and lived in Mecca for the first 53 years of his life (c. 570–622 CE) until the Hijra.

See Muhammad and Muhammad in Mecca

Muhammad Mustafa Azmi

Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami (1930 – 20 December 2017) was an Indian-born Saudi Arabian contemporary hadith scholar best known for his critical investigation of the theories of fellow Islamic scholars Ignác Goldziher, David Margoliouth, and Joseph Schacht.

See Muhammad and Muhammad Mustafa Azmi

Muhammad's first revelation

Muhammad's first revelation was an event described in Islamic tradition as taking place in 610 CE, during which the Islamic Prophet Muhammad was visited by the angel Jibril (Gabriel), who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Qur'an.

See Muhammad and Muhammad's first revelation

Muhammad's views on Christians

Muhammad's views on Christians were shaped through his interactions with them.

See Muhammad and Muhammad's views on Christians

Muhammad's views on Jews

The Islamic prophet Muhammad's views on Jews were allegedly formed through the contact he had with Jewish tribes living in and around Medina.

See Muhammad and Muhammad's views on Jews

Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time

Muhammad: A Prophet For Our Time is a 2006 non-fiction book by the British writer Karen Armstrong.

See Muhammad and Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time

Mus'ab ibn Umayr

Muṣʿab ibn ʿUmayr (مصعب بن عمير) also known as Muṣʿab al-Khayr ("the Good") was a sahabi (companion) of Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Mus'ab ibn Umayr

Muslim conquest of the Levant

The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Fatḥ al-šām; lit. "Conquest of Syria"), or Arab conquest of Syria, was a 634–638 CE invasion of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate.

See Muhammad and Muslim conquest of the Levant

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj

Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī (أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلمبن الحجاج بن مسلمبن وَرْد القشيري النيسابوري; after 815 – May 875 CE / 206 – 261 AH), commonly known as Imam Muslim, was an Islamic scholar from the city of Nishapur, particularly known as a muhaddith (scholar of hadith).

See Muhammad and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj

Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.

See Muhammad and Muslim world

Nadr ibn al-Harith

Al-Naḍr ibn al-Ḥārith ibn ʿAlqama ibn Kalada ibn ʿAbd Manāf ibn Abd al-Dār ibn Quṣayy (d. 624 CE) was an Arab pagan physician who is considered one of the greatest Qurayshi opponents to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad and Nadr ibn al-Harith are 7th-century Arab people.

See Muhammad and Nadr ibn al-Harith

Naʽat

Naat (نعت; নাত and Punjabi) is poetry in praise of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Naʽat

Najashi

Aṣ-ḥamah also spelt as Aṣ-ḥama (أَصْحَمَة), was the Negus (translit) ruler of the Kingdom of Aksum who reigned from 614–630 C.E..

See Muhammad and Najashi

Najd

Najd (نَجْدٌ) is the central region of Saudi Arabia, in which about a third of the country's modern population resides.

See Muhammad and Najd

Names and titles of Muhammad

The names and titles of Muhammad, names and attributes of Muhammad, Names of Muhammad (Asmā’u n-Nabiyy) are the titles of the prophet Muhammad and used by Muslims, where 88 of them are commonly known, but also countless names which are found mainly in the Quran and hadith literature.

See Muhammad and Names and titles of Muhammad

Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.

See Muhammad and Napoleon

Narratives of Islamic Origins

Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing is a 1998 book by historiographer of early Islam Fred Donner.

See Muhammad and Narratives of Islamic Origins

Natural religion

Natural religion most frequently means the "religion of nature", in which God, the soul, spirits, and all objects of the supernatural are considered as part of nature and not separate from it.

See Muhammad and Natural religion

New York University Press

New York University Press (or NYU Press) is a university press that is part of New York University.

See Muhammad and New York University Press

Nuaym ibn Masud

Nuaym ibn Masud al-Ghatafani (Nuʿaym ibn Masʿūd al-Ghaṭafānī) was a companion of Muhammad hailing from Najd in the northern highlands of Arabia, belonging to the powerful Ghatafan tribe.

See Muhammad and Nuaym ibn Masud

On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History

On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History is a book by the Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher Thomas Carlyle, published by James Fraser, London, in 1841.

See Muhammad and On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

See Muhammad and Ottoman Empire

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See Muhammad and Oxford University Press

Persecution of Muslims by Meccans

When the Islamic prophet Muhammad initially spread Islam in his hometown, Mecca, he did not meet with any significant opposition from his tribesmen, the Quraysh.

See Muhammad and Persecution of Muslims by Meccans

Persian miniature

A Persian miniature (Persian: نگارگری ایرانی negârgari Irâni) is a small Persian painting on paper, whether a book illustration or a separate work of art intended to be kept in an album of such works called a muraqqa.

See Muhammad and Persian miniature

Pleurisy

Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (pleurae).

See Muhammad and Pleurisy

Pogrom

A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews.

See Muhammad and Pogrom

Polity (publisher)

Polity is an academic publisher in the social sciences and humanities.

See Muhammad and Polity (publisher)

Polygyny in Islam

Traditional Sunni and Shia Islamic marital jurisprudence allows Muslim men to be married to multiple women (a practice known as polygyny).

See Muhammad and Polygyny in Islam

Possessions of Muhammad

The possessions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are a group of his items and possessions such as weapons, armor and clothing, including those known with unique names.

See Muhammad and Possessions of Muhammad

Pre-Islamic Arabia

Pre-Islamic Arabia, referring to the Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad's first revelation in 610 CE, is referred to in Islam in the context of, highlighting the prevalence of paganism throughout the region at the time.

See Muhammad and Pre-Islamic Arabia

Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)

Progressive revelation is a core teaching in the Baháʼí Faith that suggests that religious truth is revealed by God progressively and cyclically over time through a series of divine Messengers, and that the teachings are tailored to suit the needs of the time and place of their appearance.

See Muhammad and Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)

Prometheus Books

Prometheus Books is a publishing company founded in August 1969 by the philosopher Paul Kurtz (who was also the founder of the Council for Secular Humanism, Center for Inquiry, and co-founder of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry).

See Muhammad and Prometheus Books

Prophet's Mosque

The Prophet's Mosque (ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلنَّبَوِي|translit.

See Muhammad and Prophet's Mosque

Prophets and messengers in Islam

Prophets in Islam (translit) are individuals in Islam who are believed to spread God's message on Earth and serve as models of ideal human behaviour. Muhammad and Prophets and messengers in Islam are prophets of the Quran.

See Muhammad and Prophets and messengers in Islam

Qalawun

(قلاوون الصالحي, – November 10, 1290) was the seventh Turkic Bahri Mamluk Sultan of Egypt; he ruled from 1279 to 1290.

See Muhammad and Qalawun

Qasim ibn Muhammad

Qāsim ibn Muḥammad (القاسمبن محمد) was the eldest of the sons of Muhammad and Khadija bint Khuwaylid. Muhammad and Qasim ibn Muhammad are 6th-century Arab people, Arab Muslims and people from Mecca.

See Muhammad and Qasim ibn Muhammad

Qibla

The qibla (lit) is the direction towards the Kaaba in the Sacred Mosque in Mecca, which is used by Muslims in various religious contexts, particularly the direction of prayer for the salah.

See Muhammad and Qibla

Quran

The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).

See Muhammad and Quran

Quraysh

The Quraysh (قُرَيْشٌ) was an Arab tribe that inhabited and controlled Mecca and its Kaaba.

See Muhammad and Quraysh

Qusayy ibn Kilab

Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah (قصي بن كلاب بن مرة, Qusayy ibn Kilāb ibn Murrah; ca. 400–480), also spelled Qusayy, Kusayy, Kusai, or Cossai, born Zayd (زيد), was an Ishmaelite descendant of Abraham. Muhammad and Qusayy ibn Kilab are Quraysh.

See Muhammad and Qusayy ibn Kilab

Rabbi

A rabbi (רַבִּי|translit.

See Muhammad and Rabbi

Rabi' al-Awwal

Rabiʽ al-Awwal (lit, also known as Rabi' al-Ula (lit), or Rabi' I) is the third month of the Islamic calendar.

See Muhammad and Rabi' al-Awwal

Rabi' al-Thani

Rabiʽ al-Thani (lit, also known as Rabi' al-Akhirah (lit), Rabi al-Akhir (Rabīʿ al-ʾĀkhir), or Rabi' II is the fourth month of the Islamic calendar. The name Rabī‘ al-Thani means "the second spring" in Arabic, referring to its position in the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar.

See Muhammad and Rabi' al-Thani

Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

See Muhammad and Radiocarbon dating

Raid on Nakhla

The Raid on Nakhla (سرِيَّة نَخْلَة) was a raid that was initially unplanned by the companions of Muhammad, but is considered to be the first successful raid against the Meccans, since it was carried out during an espionage event, this raid took place at Nakhla, in the Hejazi region of what is now Saudi Arabia.

See Muhammad and Raid on Nakhla

Ramadan

Ramadan (Ramaḍān; also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer (salah), reflection, and community.

See Muhammad and Ramadan

Rashidun Caliphate

The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Rashidun Caliphate

Rayhana bint Zayd

Rayhana bint Zayd (translit; died) was a Jew from the Banu Nadir.

See Muhammad and Rayhana bint Zayd

Rūḥ

Rūḥ or The Spirit (الروح, al-rūḥ) is mentioned twenty one times in the Quran, where it is described as issuing from command of God.

See Muhammad and Rūḥ

Relics of Muhammad

The Relics of Muhammad are a series of objects venerated in Islam that are associated with Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Relics of Muhammad

Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia

Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia included indigenous Arabian polytheism, ancient Semitic religions, Christianity, Judaism, Mandaeism, and Zoroastrianism.

See Muhammad and Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia

Religious text

Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition.

See Muhammad and Religious text

Review of Religious Research

The Review of Religious Research is a quarterly journal that reviews the various methods, findings and uses of religious research.

See Muhammad and Review of Religious Research

Revisionist school of Islamic studies

The revisionist school of Islamic studies (also historical-critical school of Islamic studies and skeptic-revisionist Islamic historians)Hoyland, ''In God's Path'', 2015: p.232 is a movement in Islamic studies that questions traditional Muslim narratives of Islam's origins.

See Muhammad and Revisionist school of Islamic studies

Richard Bell (Arabist)

Richard Bell (1876 – 1952) was a British Arabist.

See Muhammad and Richard Bell (Arabist)

Ridda Wars

The Ridda Wars (lit) were a series of military campaigns launched by the first caliph Abu Bakr against rebellious Arabian tribes, some of which were led by rival prophet claimants.

See Muhammad and Ridda Wars

Roman–Persian Wars

The Roman–Persian Wars, also known as the Roman–Iranian Wars, were a series of conflicts between states of the Greco-Roman world and two successive Iranian empires: the Parthian and the Sasanian.

See Muhammad and Roman–Persian Wars

Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

See Muhammad and Routledge

Ruqayya bint Muhammad

Ruqayya bint Muhammad (translit; –March 624) was the second eldest daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadija.

See Muhammad and Ruqayya bint Muhammad

Sa'd ibn Mu'adh

Saʿd ibn Muʿādh al-Ansari (سعد بن معاذ الأنصاري) was the chief of the Aws tribe in Medina and one of the prominent companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Sa'd ibn Mu'adh

Safavid Iran

Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire,, officially known as the Guarded Domains of Iran, was one of the largest and long-standing Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty.

See Muhammad and Safavid Iran

Safiyya bint Huyayy

Safiyya bint Huyayy (صفية بنت حيي) was a Jewish woman from the Banu Nadir tribe.

See Muhammad and Safiyya bint Huyayy

Sahih al-Bukhari

(translit) is the first hadith collection of the Six Books of Islam.

See Muhammad and Sahih al-Bukhari

Sahih Muslim

(translit) is the second hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam.

See Muhammad and Sahih Muslim

Salah

Salah is the principal form of worship in Islam.

See Muhammad and Salah

Salman the Persian

Salman al-Farsi (سَلْمَان ٱلْفَارِسِيّ) was a Persian religious scholar and one of the companions of Muhammad. Muhammad and Salman the Persian are prophets in the Druze faith.

See Muhammad and Salman the Persian

Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.

See Muhammad and Sasanian Empire

Satan

Satan, also known as the Devil, is an entity in Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin or falsehood.

See Muhammad and Satan

Satanic Verses

The Satanic Verses are words of "satanic suggestion" which the Islamic prophet Muhammad is alleged to have mistaken for divine revelation.

See Muhammad and Satanic Verses

Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1748–1814)

Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Saʿūd ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿūd; 1748 – 27 April 1814) ruled the First Saudi State from 1803 to 1814. Saud annexed Mecca and Medina from the Ottoman Empire making him the first Al Saud ruler who received the title of the servant of the Two Holy Cities.

See Muhammad and Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1748–1814)

Sawdah bint Zam'ah

Sawdah bint Zamʿah (سودة بنت زمعة) was the second wife of Muhammad and regarded as "Umm-ul-Mu'mineen" (Arabic: أمّ المؤمنين, romanized: ʾumm al-muʾminīn), "Mother of the Believers". Muhammad and Sawdah bint Zam'ah are 6th-century Arab people and 7th-century Arab people.

See Muhammad and Sawdah bint Zam'ah

Sīrah

Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, commonly shortened to Sīrah and translated as prophetic biography, are the traditional Muslim biographies of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and Hadiths, most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived.

See Muhammad and Sīrah

Seal of the Prophets

Seal of the Prophets (translit; or translit), is a title used in the Qur'an and by Muslims to designate the Islamic prophet Muhammad as the last of the prophets sent by God.

See Muhammad and Seal of the Prophets

Second pledge at al-Aqabah

The second pledge at al-ʿAqabah (bayʾa al-ʿaqaba al-thaniya) was an important event in Islam where 70 residents of the city of Medina pledged their loyalty to Muhammad as their leader in an oath of allegiance known as a bay'ah.

See Muhammad and Second pledge at al-Aqabah

Seven Sleepers

The Seven Sleepers, also known in Christendom as Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, and in Islam as Aṣḥāb al-Kahf, lit.

See Muhammad and Seven Sleepers

Seyyed Hossein Nasr

Seyyed Hossein Nasr (سید حسین نصر, born April 7, 1933) is an Iranian-American philosopher, theologian and Islamic scholar.

See Muhammad and Seyyed Hossein Nasr

Shahada

The Shahada (الشَّهَادَةُ;, 'the testimony'), also transliterated as Shahadah, is an Islamic oath and creed, and one of the Five Pillars of Islam and part of the Adhan.

See Muhammad and Shahada

Sharia

Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.

See Muhammad and Sharia

Shofar

A shofar (from) is an ancient musical horn typically made of a ram's horn, used for Jewish religious purposes.

See Muhammad and Shofar

Social class

A social class or social stratum is a grouping of people into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the working class, middle class, and upper class.

See Muhammad and Social class

Souk Okaz

Sūq ʿUkāẓ (سوق عكاظ) is a marketplace at ʿUkāẓ, between Nakhla and al-Ṭāʾif, in Saudi Arabia.

See Muhammad and Souk Okaz

Sources of Sharia

Various sources of Islamic Laws are used by Islamic jurisprudence to elaborate the body of Islamic law.

See Muhammad and Sources of Sharia

Splitting of the Moon

The Splitting of the Moon (translit) is a miracle in the Muslim faith attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Splitting of the Moon

Sufism

Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism and asceticism.

See Muhammad and Sufism

Suhayl ibn Amr

Suhayl ibn ʿAmr (سهيل بن عمرو), also known as Abū Yazīd, was a contemporary of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a prominent leader among the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. Muhammad and Suhayl ibn Amr are Quraysh.

See Muhammad and Suhayl ibn Amr

Suicide by jumping from height

Jumping from a dangerous location, such as from a high window, balcony, or roof, or from a cliff, dam, or bridge, is a common suicide method.

See Muhammad and Suicide by jumping from height

Suleiman the Magnificent

Suleiman I (Süleyman-ı Evvel; I.,; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in Western Europe and Suleiman the Lawgiver (Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.

See Muhammad and Suleiman the Magnificent

Sultanate of Rum

The Sultanate of Rûm was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples (Rûm) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert (1071).

See Muhammad and Sultanate of Rum

Sunnah

In Islam,, also spelled (سنة), is the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow.

See Muhammad and Sunnah

SUNY Press

The State University of New York Press (more commonly referred to as the SUNY Press) is a university press affiliated with the State University of New York system.

See Muhammad and SUNY Press

Swordsmanship

Swordsmanship or sword fighting refers to the skills and techniques used in combat and training with any type of sword.

See Muhammad and Swordsmanship

Synagogue

A synagogue, also called a shul or a temple, is a place of worship for Jews and Samaritans.

See Muhammad and Synagogue

Syria Prima

Syria I or Syria Prima ("First Syria", in Πρώτη Συρία, Prṓtē Suríā) was a Byzantine province, formed c. 415 out of Syria Coele.

See Muhammad and Syria Prima

Syriac Orthodox Church

The Syriac Orthodox Church (ʿIdto Sūryoyto Trīṣath Shubḥo); also known as West Syriac Church or West Syrian Church, officially known as the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, and informally as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox church that branched from the Church of Antioch.

See Muhammad and Syriac Orthodox Church

Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Tabuk (تَبُوْك) is the capital city of the Tabuk Region in northwestern Saudi Arabia.

See Muhammad and Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Tafsir

Tafsir (tafsīr; Explanation) refers to exegesis, usually of the Quran.

See Muhammad and Tafsir

Taif

Taif (اَلطَّائِفُ|translit.

See Muhammad and Taif

Takbir

The takbīr (تَكْبِير) is the name for the Arabic phrase (اَللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ).Wensinck, A.J., "Takbīr", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th.

See Muhammad and Takbir

Tawhid

Tawhid (تَوْحِيد|translit.

See Muhammad and Tawhid

The Social Contract

The Social Contract, originally published as On the Social Contract; or, Principles of Political Right (Du contrat social; ou, Principes du droit politique), is a 1762 French-language book by the Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

See Muhammad and The Social Contract

The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Thomas Carlyle

Thomas Carlyle (4 December 17955 February 1881) was a Scottish essayist, historian, and philosopher from the Scottish Lowlands.

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Timurid dynasty

The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان|translit.

See Muhammad and Timurid dynasty

Treaty of al-Hudaybiya

The Treaty of al-Hudaybiya (translit) was an event that took place during the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Treaty of al-Hudaybiya

Umar

Umar ibn al-Khattab (ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644. Muhammad and Umar are Arab Muslims.

See Muhammad and Umar

Umm Habiba

Ramla bint Abi Sufyan ibn Harb (translit), commonly known by her Umm Habiba (translit), was a wife of Muhammad. Muhammad and Umm Habiba are 6th-century Arab people and 7th-century Arab people.

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Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad

Umm Kulthūm bint Muḥammad (أمكلثومبنت محمد) (–630) was the third daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad by his first wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid.

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Umm Qirfa

Umm Qirfa Fatima was a leader of the Banu Fazara Arab tribe from Wadi al-Qura.

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Umm Ruman

Zaynab bint ʿĀmir ibn ʿUwaymir ibn ʿAbd Shams ibn ʿAttāb al-Farāsīyya al-Kinānīyya, known by her kunya "Umm Rūmān" (أمّ رومان زينب بنت عامر ابن عويمر ابن عبد شمس ابن عتاب الفراسية الكنانية) was a female companion of Muhammad.

See Muhammad and Umm Ruman

Ummah

(أُمَّة) is an Arabic word meaning "nation".

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Umrah

The Umrah (lit) is an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims, located in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia.

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Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt

Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt (ʿUqbah ibn ʾAbī Muʿayṭ) (died 624) was one of the principal adversaries of Islam.

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Urwa ibn al-Zubayr

Urwa ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam al-Asadi (translit) was an early Muslim traditionist, widely regarded as a founding figure in the field of historical study among the Muslims. Muhammad and Urwa ibn al-Zubayr are 7th-century Arab people.

See Muhammad and Urwa ibn al-Zubayr

Utbah ibn Rabi'ah

ʿUtbah ibn Rabīʿah, also known as Abū al-Walīd was one of the prominent pagan leaders of the Quraysh during the era of Muhammad. Muhammad and Utbah ibn Rabi'ah are 6th-century Arab people.

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Uthman

Uthman ibn Affan (translit; 17 June 656) was the third caliph, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. Muhammad and Uthman are Arab Muslims.

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Vision (spirituality)

A vision is something seen in a dream, trance, or religious ecstasy, especially a supernatural appearance that usually conveys a revelation.

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W. Montgomery Watt

William Montgomery Watt (14 March 1909 – 24 October 2006) was a Scottish historian and orientalist.

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Waḥy

Waḥyu (وَحْي,;: وُحِيّ,; also spelled wahi) is the Arabic word for revelation.

See Muhammad and Waḥy

Wahhabism

Wahhabism (translit) is a reformist religious movement within Sunni Islam, based on the teachings of 18th-century Hanbali cleric Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab.

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Waraqah ibn Nawfal

Waraqah ibn Nawfal ibn Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusayy Al-Qurashi (Arabic ورقه بن نوفل بن أسد بن عبد العزّى بن قصي القرشي) was a Christian Arabian ascetic who was the paternal first cousin of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, the first wife of Muhammad. Muhammad and Waraqah ibn Nawfal are 6th-century Arab people and Quraysh.

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Welfare

Welfare, or commonly social welfare, is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter.

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Wilferd Madelung

Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung FBA (26 December 1930 – 9 May 2023) was a German author and scholar of Islamic history widely recognised for his contributions to the fields of Islamic and Iranian studies.

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Wives of Muhammad

A total of eleven women are confirmed as having been married to Muhammad, the founder of Islam.

See Muhammad and Wives of Muhammad

Worldview

A worldview or a world-view or Weltanschauung is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view.

See Muhammad and Worldview

Yazid I

Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (translit; 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from April 680 until his death in November 683.

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Year of the Elephant

The ʿām al-fīl (عامالفيل, Year of the Elephant) is the name in Islamic history for the year approximately equating to 570–571 CE.

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Yusuf Abu al-Haggag

Sheikh Yusuf Abu el Haggag (الشيخ يوسف أبو الحجاج; c. 1150 – c. 1245), also al Haggag or Al-Hajjaj, was a mystic Sufi scholar and religious figure.

See Muhammad and Yusuf Abu al-Haggag

Zainab bint Muhammad

Zainab bint Muhammad (زَيْنَب بِنْت مُحَمَّد) (598/599–629 CE) was the eldest daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad by his first wife Khadijah. Muhammad and Zainab bint Muhammad are 6th-century Arab people.

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Zakat

Zakat (or Zakāh) is one of the five pillars of Islam.

See Muhammad and Zakat

Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi

Zayd ibn Ḥāritha al-Kalbī (زيد بن حارثة الكلبي), was an early Muslim, Sahabi and the adopted son of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Muhammad and Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi are Adoptees.

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Zaynab bint Al-Harith

Zaynab bint Al-Harith (زينب بنت الحارث, d. 629) was a Jewish woman who attempted to assassinate Muhammad in the aftermath of the battle of Khaybar.

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Zaynab bint Jahsh

Zaynab bint Jaḥsh (زينب بنت جحش), was the first cousin and the seventh wife of Muhammad and therefore, considered by Muslims to be a Mother of the Believers.

See Muhammad and Zaynab bint Jahsh

Ziyarat

ziyara(h) (زِيَارَة ziyārah, "visit") or ziyarat (زیارت, ziyārat, "pilgrimage"; ziyaret, "visit") is a form of pilgrimage to sites associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his family members and descendants (including the Shī'ī Imāms), his companions and other venerated figures in Islam such as the prophets, Sufi auliya, and Islamic scholars.

See Muhammad and Ziyarat

See also

570s births

632 deaths

7th-century Asian people

7th-century Islamic religious leaders

7th-century diplomats

7th-century merchants

7th-century military personnel

Adoptees

Arab politicians

Arab prophets

Arab slave owners

Entering heaven alive

Medina

Prophets in the Druze faith

Prophets of the Quran

The Fourteen Infallibles

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad

Also known as Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abd Allāh ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn 'Abd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim, Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim, Al-Nabi, Allah's Apostle, Death of Muhammad, Final Messenger, Hazrat Mohammad, Hazrat Mohammad Mustafa, Hazrat Muhammad, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), Last Prophet of Islam, Life of Muhammed, Life of Prophet Muhammad, Life of Prophet Muhammed, Mahamet, Mahammat, Mahammed, Mahammod, Mahomat, Mahomed, Mahometh, Mahommad, Mahommed, Mahommet, Mahumet, Mahummud, Maometo, Maometto, Maomé, Maxamed, Maḥamad, Maḥammad, Mehemed, Mehemmed, Mehemmet, Messenger Muhammad, Messenger Muhammad PBUH, Messenger of Allah, Mihemed, Mihemmed, Mohamad, Mohamat, Mohamed, Mohamet, Mohammad, Mohammed, Mohammed ibn ‘Abdullāh, Mohammet, Mohammod, Mohamud, Mohemed, Mohemet, Mohemmed, Mohemmet, Mohhamed, Moxamed, Möxämmäd, Möxämmät, Moḥamad, Moḥamed, Moḥammad, Moḥammed, Muddaththir, Muhamad, Muhamamd, Muhamat, Muhammad (S.A.W), Muhammad (S.A.W.), Muhammad (SAW), Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam), Muhammad (prophet), Muhammad Hashim, Muhammad Ibn Abdallah, Muhammad Ibn Abdullah, Muhammad In Jewish Prophecy, Muhammad P.B.U.H, Muhammad PBUH, Muhammad Prophet, Muhammad S.A.W, Muhammad SAW, Muhammad ibn Abd Allah, Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Muhammad ibn Abd-Allah, Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah, Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh, Muhammad the Prophet, Muhammad's Prophet, Muhammadry, Muhammat, Muhammed, Muhammed PBUH, Muhammud, Muhemed, Muhemmed, Muhemmet, Muhhamed, Muhhammad, Muhumed, Muhummad, Mukhammat, Mukhammet, Muxamed, Muxammad, Muḥamad, Muḥamed, Muḥammad, Muḥammed, Məhəmməd, Prophet Mohamed, Prophet Mohammad, Prophet Mohammed, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Prophet Muhammad PBUH, Prophet Muhammad S.A.W, Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم, Prophet Muhammed, Prophet Muḥammad, Prophet of Islam Muhammad, Rasoolullah Sallallahu, Rasoolullah sallallahu alayhi wasallam, The Apostle of Allah, The Last Prophet of Islam, The Mercy to the Worlds, The Prophet Muhammad, The Prophet of Penitence, Timeline of Muhammad, Timeline of Muhammad's life, Ummi, , محمد, محمّد, موحەممەد.

, Aniconism in Islam, Ansar (Islam), Antichrist, Aqidah, Arab conquest of Egypt, Arabian Peninsula, Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad, Arabs, Archery, Aristocracy (class), As-salamu alaykum, Ashtiname of Muhammad, Asma bint Marwan, Āyah, Baháʼí Faith, Baháʼu'lláh, Bahira, Banu Amir, Banu Aws, Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat, Banu Fazara, Banu Hashim, Banu Khazraj, Banu Khuza'ah, Banu Makhzum, Banu Mustaliq, Banu Nadir, Banu Nawfal, Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Qurayza, Banu Thaqif, Barakat Ahmad, Battle of Badr, Battle of the Trench, Battle of Uhud, Bernard Lewis, Bilal ibn Rabah, Birmingham Quran manuscript, Black Stone, Blood money (restitution), Bounty (reward), Brill Publishers, Buddhism, Byzantine Empire, Caliphate, Cambridge University Press, Caravan (travellers), Cauterization, Children of Muhammad, Christendom, Christianity in the Middle Ages, Church (building), Church of the East, Claude-Emmanuel de Pastoret, Coitus interruptus, Common Era, Companions of the Prophet, Conquest of Mecca, Constitution of Medina, Conversion to Islam, Copts, Covenant (law), Criterion of embarrassment, Criticism of Muhammad, Dawah, Depictions of Muhammad, Dhu al-Qarnayn, Din (Arabic), Diplomatic career of Muhammad, Divine inspiration, Druze, Eastern Orthodox Church, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopedia of Ethics, Ethnoreligious group, Fadak, Fadl ibn Abbas, Fakhitah bint Abi Talib, Family tree of Muhammad, Farewell Pilgrimage, Fatima, Fazlur Rahman Malik, First Islamic State, Freedman, Friedrich Schlegel, Gabriel, German Romanticism, Ghadir Khumm, Glossary of Islam, God in Islam, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Graphic novel, Greater Iran, Green Dome, Guillaume Postel, Hadith, Hadith studies, Hakim ibn Hizam, Halima bint Abi Dhu'ayb, Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Hanif, HarperCollins, Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, Hawazin, Hebrew Bible, Heinrich Heine, Hejaz, Henri de Boulainvilliers, Heresy in Christianity, Hijr Ismail, Hijrah, Hijri year, Himyarite Kingdom, Ian Almond, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Majah, Ibn Sa'd, Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, Ikhwan, Ilkhanate, Intercalation (timekeeping), Iran, Ishmael, Islam, Islam and the West, Islamic calendar, Islamic ethics, Islamic honorifics, Islamic views on slavery, Ismah, Isnad, Jabal al-Nour, Jahiliyyah, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Jerusalem, Jesus in Islam, Jewish tribes of Arabia, Jinn, Jizya, Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John Kelsay, John V. 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