Similarities between Novartis and Sanofi
Novartis and Sanofi have 32 things in common (in Unionpedia): AstraZeneca, Breast cancer, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Epilepsy, European Commission, European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, Food and Drug Administration, Germany, Hepatitis B, Hoechst AG, Hypertension, Innovative Medicines Initiative, Medication, Methods in Molecular Biology, Monoclonal antibody, Multinational corporation, Multiple sclerosis, Novartis, Oncology, Osteoporosis, Over-the-counter drug, Paracetamol, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, Pre-clinical development, Reuters, Rheumatoid arthritis, RNA interference, Syngenta, United States Department of Health and Human Services, ..., Vaccine, Vascular endothelial growth factor. Expand index (2 more) »
AstraZeneca
AstraZeneca plc is an Anglo–Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company.
AstraZeneca and Novartis · AstraZeneca and Sanofi ·
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.
Breast cancer and Novartis · Breast cancer and Sanofi ·
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 and Novartis · Diabetes mellitus type 2 and Sanofi ·
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.
Epilepsy and Novartis · Epilepsy and Sanofi ·
European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.
European Commission and Novartis · European Commission and Sanofi ·
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations
The European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) is a Brussels-based trade association founded in 1978 representing the research-based pharmaceutical industry operating in Europe.
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations and Novartis · European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations and Sanofi ·
Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
Food and Drug Administration and Novartis · Food and Drug Administration and Sanofi ·
Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
Germany and Novartis · Germany and Sanofi ·
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver.
Hepatitis B and Novartis · Hepatitis B and Sanofi ·
Hoechst AG
Hoechst AG was a German chemicals then life-sciences company that became Aventis Deutschland after its merger with France's Rhône-Poulenc S.A. in 1999.
Hoechst AG and Novartis · Hoechst AG and Sanofi ·
Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
Hypertension and Novartis · Hypertension and Sanofi ·
Innovative Medicines Initiative
The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) is a European initiative to improve the competitive situation of the European Union in the field of pharmaceutical research.
Innovative Medicines Initiative and Novartis · Innovative Medicines Initiative and Sanofi ·
Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
Medication and Novartis · Medication and Sanofi ·
Methods in Molecular Biology
Methods in Molecular Biology is a book series published by Humana Press that covers molecular biology research methods and protocols.
Methods in Molecular Biology and Novartis · Methods in Molecular Biology and Sanofi ·
Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.
Monoclonal antibody and Novartis · Monoclonal antibody and Sanofi ·
Multinational corporation
A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.
Multinational corporation and Novartis · Multinational corporation and Sanofi ·
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
Multiple sclerosis and Novartis · Multiple sclerosis and Sanofi ·
Novartis
Novartis International AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland.
Novartis and Novartis · Novartis and Sanofi ·
Oncology
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
Novartis and Oncology · Oncology and Sanofi ·
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease where increased bone weakness increases the risk of a broken bone.
Novartis and Osteoporosis · Osteoporosis and Sanofi ·
Over-the-counter drug
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be sold only to consumers possessing a valid prescription.
Novartis and Over-the-counter drug · Over-the-counter drug and Sanofi ·
Paracetamol
--> Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of Antifebrin by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886. But its unacceptable toxic effects, the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia, prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives. Harmon Northrop Morse had already synthesised paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of ''p''-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877, but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans. In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with phenacetin, another aniline derivative. Von Mering claimed that, unlike phenacetin, paracetamol had a slight tendency to produce methemoglobinemia. Paracetamol was then quickly discarded in favor of phenacetin. The sales of phenacetin established Bayer as a leading pharmaceutical company. Overshadowed in part by aspirin, introduced into medicine by Heinrich Dreser in 1899, phenacetin was popular for many decades, particularly in widely advertised over-the-counter "headache mixtures", usually containing phenacetin, an aminopyrine derivative of aspirin, caffeine, and sometimes a barbiturate. Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, both once popular as analgesics and antipyretics in their own right. However, unlike phenacetin, acetanilide and their combinations, paracetamol is not considered carcinogenic at therapeutic doses. Von Mering's claims remained essentially unchallenged for half a century, until two teams of researchers from the United States analyzed the metabolism of acetanilide and paracetamol. In 1947 David Lester and Leon Greenberg found strong evidence that paracetamol was a major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and in a subsequent study they reported that large doses of paracetamol given to albino rats did not cause methemoglobinemia. In three papers published in the September 1948 issue of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bernard Brodie, Julius Axelrod and Frederick Flinn confirmed using more specific methods that paracetamol was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was just as efficacious an analgesic as its precursor. They also suggested that methemoglobinemia is produced in humans mainly by another metabolite, phenylhydroxylamine. A follow-up paper by Brodie and Axelrod in 1949 established that phenacetin was also metabolised to paracetamol. This led to a "rediscovery" of paracetamol. It has been suggested that contamination of paracetamol with 4-aminophenol, the substance von Mering synthesised it from, may be the cause for his spurious findings. Paracetamol was first marketed in the United States in 1950 under the name Triagesic, a combination of paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine. Reports in 1951 of three users stricken with the blood disease agranulocytosis led to its removal from the marketplace, and it took several years until it became clear that the disease was unconnected. Paracetamol was marketed in 1953 by Sterling-Winthrop Co. as Panadol, available only by prescription, and promoted as preferable to aspirin since it was safe for children and people with ulcers. In 1955, paracetamol was marketed as Children's Tylenol Elixir by McNeil Laboratories. In 1956, 500 mg tablets of paracetamol went on sale in the United Kingdom under the trade name Panadol, produced by Frederick Stearns & Co, a subsidiary of Sterling Drug Inc. In 1963, paracetamol was added to the British Pharmacopoeia, and has gained popularity since then as an analgesic agent with few side-effects and little interaction with other pharmaceutical agents. Concerns about paracetamol's safety delayed its widespread acceptance until the 1970s, but in the 1980s paracetamol sales exceeded those of aspirin in many countries, including the United Kingdom. This was accompanied by the commercial demise of phenacetin, blamed as the cause of analgesic nephropathy and hematological toxicity. In 1988 Sterling Winthrop was acquired by Eastman Kodak which sold the over the counter drug rights to SmithKline Beecham in 1994. Available without a prescription since 1959, it has since become a common household drug. Patents on paracetamol have long expired, and generic versions of the drug are widely available.
Novartis and Paracetamol · Paracetamol and Sanofi ·
Pharmaceutical industry
The pharmaceutical industry (or medicine industry) is the commercial industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as different types of medicine and medications.
Novartis and Pharmaceutical industry · Pharmaceutical industry and Sanofi ·
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA, pronounced), formerly known as the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, is a trade group representing companies in the pharmaceutical industry in the United States founded in 1958.
Novartis and Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America · Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America and Sanofi ·
Pre-clinical development
In drug development, preclinical development, also named preclinical studies and nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) can begin, and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected.
Novartis and Pre-clinical development · Pre-clinical development and Sanofi ·
Reuters
Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.
Novartis and Reuters · Reuters and Sanofi ·
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.
Novartis and Rheumatoid arthritis · Rheumatoid arthritis and Sanofi ·
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.
Novartis and RNA interference · RNA interference and Sanofi ·
Syngenta
Syngenta AG is a global company agribusiness that produces agrochemicals and seeds.
Novartis and Syngenta · Sanofi and Syngenta ·
United States Department of Health and Human Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), also known as the Health Department, is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services.
Novartis and United States Department of Health and Human Services · Sanofi and United States Department of Health and Human Services ·
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.
Novartis and Vaccine · Sanofi and Vaccine ·
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels.
Novartis and Vascular endothelial growth factor · Sanofi and Vascular endothelial growth factor ·
The list above answers the following questions
- What Novartis and Sanofi have in common
- What are the similarities between Novartis and Sanofi
Novartis and Sanofi Comparison
Novartis has 316 relations, while Sanofi has 222. As they have in common 32, the Jaccard index is 5.95% = 32 / (316 + 222).
References
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