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157 relations: Acatalasia, Adenosine triphosphate, Ageing, Alzheimer's disease, Amine, Antioxidant, Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, Antioxidative stress, Apoptosis, Arachidonic acid, Archaea, Asperger syndrome, AstraZeneca, Atheroma, Atherosclerosis, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism, Blood gas tension, Bruce Ames, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cancer, Cardiovascular disease, Carotene, Catalase, Catalysis, Cause (medicine), Cell fusion, Cell signaling, Cellular respiration, Chromium, Chromosome, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Cobalt, Copper, Cyanobacteria, Cytochrome P450, Cytoskeleton, Denham Harman, Desiccation, Detoxification, Disufenton sodium, DNA, DNA damage (naturally occurring), DNA damage theory of aging, DNA fragmentation, Drosophila melanogaster, Electron, Electron transport chain, Endothelium, Epidemiology, ..., Escherichia coli, Eukaryote, Fenton's reagent, Ferritin, Flavoprotein, Fragile X syndrome, Free-radical theory of aging, Gerbil, Glutathione, Glutathione peroxidase, Great Oxygenation Event, Heart failure, Helicobacter pylori, Henry John Horstman Fenton, Hippocampus, Homeostasis, Hormesis, Human, Huntington's disease, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydroquinone, Hydroxy group, Hydroxyl radical, Hyperoxia, Hypochlorous acid, Hypothesis, Hypoxia (medical), Immune system, Infection, Intermittent fasting, Ionizing radiation, Iron, Ischemic cascade, Isoprostane, JAMA (journal), Lafora disease, Lichen planus, Linoleic acid, Lipid, Lipid peroxidation, Low-density lipoprotein, Major depressive disorder, Male infertility, Malondialdehyde, Meiosis, Metastasis, Methionine, Michael Ristow, Mitochondrion, Motor neuron disease, Mouse, Mutagen, Myeloperoxidase, Myocardial infarction, Necrosis, Neocortex, Neurodegeneration, Nitric oxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Nitrone, Nuclear envelope, Nucleobase, Oxidative phosphorylation, Oxygen, Oxygen radical absorbance capacity, Parkinson's disease, Pathogen, Peroxide, Peroxynitrite, Phagocyte, Phenylalanine, Photosynthesis, Polyunsaturated fat, Pro-oxidant, Protein, Quinone, Racemic mixture, Radical (chemistry), Rat, Reactive nitrogen species, Reactive oxygen species, Redox, Reductive stress, Reperfusion injury, Semiquinone, Sickle cell disease, Sperm, Spermatozoon, Stomach cancer, Stroke, Sulfiredoxin, Superoxide, Superoxide dismutase, Thiol, Thymine glycol, Transition metal, Tyrosine, Ultraviolet, Vanadium, Vitamin E, Vitiligo, Xanthine oxidase, 13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, 4-Hydroxynonenal, 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-Oxoguanine, 9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. Expand index (107 more) »
Acatalasia
Acatalasia (also called acatalasemia, or Takahara's disease) is an autosomal recessive peroxisomal disorder caused by low levels of the enzyme catalase.
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Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.
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Ageing
Ageing or aging (see spelling differences) is the process of becoming older.
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Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.
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Amine
In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
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Antioxidant
Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules.
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Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering reduction–oxidation (redox) signaling and antioxidant research.
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Antioxidative stress
Antioxidative stress is an overabundance of bioavailable antioxidant compounds that interfere with the immune system's ability to neutralize pathogenic threats.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6).
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Archaea
Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.
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Asperger syndrome
Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.
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AstraZeneca
AstraZeneca plc is an Anglo–Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company.
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Atheroma
An atheroma is a reversible accumulation of degenerative material in the inner layer of an artery wall.
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.
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Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior.
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Blood gas tension
Blood gas tension refers to the partial pressure of gases in blood.
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Bruce Ames
Bruce Nathan Ames (born December 16, 1928) is an American biochemist.
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Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living (not parasitic), transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1 mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.
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Carotene
The term carotene (also carotin, from the Latin carota, "carrot") is used for many related unsaturated hydrocarbon substances having the formula C40Hx, which are synthesized by plants but in general cannot be made by animals (with the exception of some aphids and spider mites which acquired the synthesizing genes from fungi).
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Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals).
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Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.
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Cause (medicine)
Cause, also known as etiology and aetiology, is the reason or origination of something.
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Cell fusion
Cell fusion is an important cellular process in which several uninuclear cells (cells with a single nucleus) combine to form a multinuclear cell, known as a syncytium.
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Cell signaling
Cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is part of any communication process that governs basic activities of cells and coordinates all cell actions.
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Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
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Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
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Chromosome
A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
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Chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), is a medical condition characterized by long-term fatigue and other symptoms that limit a person's ability to carry out ordinary daily activities.
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Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen.
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Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
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Cytoskeleton
A cytoskeleton is present in all cells of all domains of life (archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes).
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Denham Harman
Denham Harman (February 14, 1916 – November 25, 2014) FACP, FAAA, was Professor emeritus at the University of Nebraska Medical Center.
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Desiccation
Desiccation is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.
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Detoxification
Detoxification or detoxication (detox for short) is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism, including the human body, which is mainly carried out by the liver.
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Disufenton sodium
Disufenton sodium (NXY-059, Cerovive) is the disulfonyl derivative of the neuroprotective spin trap phenylbutylnitrone or "PBN".
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA damage is distinctly different from mutation, although both are types of error in DNA.
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DNA damage theory of aging
The DNA damage theory of aging proposes that aging is a consequence of unrepaired accumulation of naturally occurring DNA damages.
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DNA fragmentation
DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands into pieces.
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Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.
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Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
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Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.
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Endothelium
Endothelium refers to cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
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Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where) and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous iron as a catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters.
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Ferritin
Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion.
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Flavoprotein
Flavoproteins are proteins that contain a nucleic acid derivative of riboflavin: the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN).
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Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder.
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Free-radical theory of aging
The free radical theory of aging (FRTA) states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time.
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Gerbil
A gerbil is a small mammal of the subfamily Gerbillinae in the order Rodentia.
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Glutathione
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea.
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Glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is the general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage.
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Great Oxygenation Event
The Great Oxygenation Event, the beginning of which is commonly known in scientific media as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Crisis, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Revolution, or Great Oxidation) was the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O2) in Earth's atmosphere.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium usually found in the stomach.
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Henry John Horstman Fenton
Henry John Horstman Fenton (18 February 1854 – 13 January 1929) was a British chemist who, in the 1890s invented Fenton's reagent, at toxics.usgs.gov a solution of hydrogen peroxide and an iron catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters.
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Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.
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Hormesis
Hormesis is any process in a cell or organism that exhibits a response to exposure to increasing amounts of a substance or condition.
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Human
Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.
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Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an inherited disorder that results in death of brain cells.
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Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
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Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, also benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
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Hydroxy group
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.
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Hydroxyl radical
The hydroxyl radical, •OH, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (OH−).
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Hyperoxia
Hyperoxia occurs when cells, tissues and organs are exposed to an excess supply of oxygen (O2) or higher than normal partial pressure of oxygen.
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Hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a weak acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming ClO-.
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Hypothesis
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
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Hypoxia (medical)
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
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Immune system
The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.
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Infection
Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
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Intermittent fasting
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an umbrella term for various diets that cycle between a period of fasting and non-fasting during a defined period.
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Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation (ionising radiation) is radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them.
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Iron
Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.
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Ischemic cascade
The ischemic (ischaemic) cascade is a series of biochemical reactions that are initiated in the brain and other aerobic tissues after seconds to minutes of ischemia (inadequate blood supply).
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Isoprostane
The isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo from the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of essential fatty acids (primarily arachidonic acid) without the direct action of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.
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JAMA (journal)
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association.
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Lafora disease
Lafora disease, also called Lafora progressive myoclonic epilepsy or MELF, is a fatal autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies, known as Lafora bodies, within the cytoplasm of the cells in the heart, liver, muscle, and skin.
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Lichen planus
Lichen planus (LP) is a disease characterized by itchy reddish-purple polygon-shaped skin lesions on the lower back, wrists, and ankles.
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Linoleic acid
Linoleic acid (LA), a carboxylic acid, is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid, an 18-carbon chain with two double bonds in cis configuration.
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Lipid
In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
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Lipid peroxidation
Lipid peroxidation is the oxidative degradation of lipids.
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Low-density lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein which transport all fat molecules around the body in the extracellular water.
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Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations.
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Male infertility
Male infertility refers to a male's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female.
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Malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the organic compound with the nominal formula CH2(CHO)2.
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Meiosis
Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; it is typically spoken of as such spread by a cancerous tumor.
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Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.
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Michael Ristow
Michael Ristow (b April 24, 1967) is a German medical researcher who has published influential articles on biochemical aspects of mitochondrial metabolism and particularly the possibly health-promoting role of reactive oxygen species in diseases like type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer, as well as general aging due to a process called mitohormesis.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Motor neuron disease
A motor neuron disease (MND) is any of several neurodegenerative disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscles of the body.
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Mouse
A mouse (Mus), plural mice, is a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate.
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Mutagen
In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.
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Myeloperoxidase
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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Necrosis
Necrosis (from the Greek νέκρωσις "death, the stage of dying, the act of killing" from νεκρός "dead") is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
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Neocortex
The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language.
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Neurodegeneration
Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.
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Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO.
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Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula.
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Nitrone
A nitrone is a functional group in organic chemistry consisting of an ''N''-oxide of an imine.
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Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes which surrounds the nucleus, and in eukaryotic cells it encases the genetic material.
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Nucleobase
Nucleobases, also known as nitrogenous bases or often simply bases, are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which in turn are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids.
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Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) (UK, US) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Oxygen radical absorbance capacity
Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) is a method of measuring antioxidant capacities in biological samples in vitro.
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Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Peroxide
Peroxide is a compound with the structure R-O-O-R. The O−O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group.
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Peroxynitrite
Peroxynitrite (sometimes called peroxonitrite) is an ion with the formula ONOO−.
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Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.
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Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an α-amino acid with the formula.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).
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Polyunsaturated fat
Polyunsaturated fats are fats in which the constituent hydrocarbon chain possesses two or more carbon–carbon double bonds.
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Pro-oxidant
Pro-oxidants are chemicals that induce oxidative stress, either by generating reactive oxygen species or by inhibiting antioxidant systems.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Quinone
The quinones are a class of organic compounds that are formally "derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of –CH.
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Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture, or racemate, is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.
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Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron.
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Rat
Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.
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Reactive nitrogen species
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are a family of antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide (O2•−) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively.
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Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Reductive stress
Reductive stress is the counterpart to oxidative stress, where electron acceptors are expected to be mostly reduced.
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Reperfusion injury
Reperfusion injury or reperfusion insult, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia).
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Semiquinone
Semiquinone (or ubisemiquinone) is a free radical resulting from the removal of one hydrogen atom with its electron during the process of dehydrogenation of a hydroquinone, such as hydroquinone itself or catechol, to a quinone or alternatively the addition of a single H atom to a quinone.
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Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of blood disorders typically inherited from a person's parents.
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Sperm
Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").
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Spermatozoon
A spermatozoon (pronounced, alternate spelling spermatozoön; plural spermatozoa; from σπέρμα "seed" and ζῷον "living being") is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.
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Stomach cancer
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer developing from the lining of the stomach.
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Sulfiredoxin
In enzymology, a sulfiredoxin is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine), ATP, and a thiol, whereas its 4 products are peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine), ADP, phosphate, and a disulfide.
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Superoxide
A superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide anion, which has the chemical formula.
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Superoxide dismutase
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that alternately catalyzes the dismutation (or partitioning) of the superoxide (O2&minus) radical into either ordinary molecular oxygen (O2) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
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Thiol
Thiol is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl (R–SH) group (where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent).
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Thymine glycol
Thymine glycol (5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine) is one of the principal DNA lesions that can be induced by oxidation and ionizing radiation.
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Transition metal
In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings.
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Tyrosine
Tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23.
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Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.
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Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment.
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Xanthine oxidase
Xanthine oxidase (XO, sometimes XAO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species.
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13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) is the commonly used term for 13(S)-hydroxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (13(S)-HODE).
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4-Hydroxynonenal
4-Hydroxynonenal, or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal or 4-HNE or HNE, (9162), is an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal that is produced by lipid peroxidation in cells.
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8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is an oxidized derivative of deoxyguanosine.
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8-Oxoguanine
8-Oxoguanine (8-hydroxyguanine, 8-oxo-Gua, or OH8Gua) is one of the most common DNA lesions resulting from reactive oxygen species and can result in a mismatched pairing with adenine resulting in G to T and C to A substitutions in the genome.
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9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-hydroxy-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid or 9-HODE) has been used in the literature to designate either or both of two stereoisomer metabolites of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid: 9(S)-hydroxy-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9(S)-HODE) and 9(R)-hydroxy-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9(R)-HODE); these two metabolites differ in having their hydroxy residues in the S or R configurations, respectively.
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D-ROMs test, Oxidant stress, Oxidative damage.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stress
