Paris Métro Line 12 and Third rail

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Difference between Paris Métro Line 12 and Third rail

Paris Métro Line 12 vs. Third rail

Paris Métro Line 12 (opened as Line A in 1910) is one of sixteen metro lines in Paris, France. It links Issy-les-Moulineaux in southern Paris to Front Populaire in the north. With 72 million journeys per year, Line 12 is the eleventh busiest on the Parisian Métropolitan system. It has several important stops, such as Madeleine, the 6th arrondissement of Paris, Porte de Versailles and two national railway stations, Gare Montparnasse and Gare Saint-Lazare. The service runs every day of the week, starting at 05:30; the last departure is at 00:39, or on Fridays and Saturdays, one hour later. The line uses MF 67 series trains, the network's standard since the early 1970s; they make a complete journey in 36 minutes. Line 12 was founded as "Line A" by the Nord-Sud Company, who also built line 13. It was built between 1905 and 1910, to connect the districts of Montparnasse, in the south, and Montmartre, in the north. The first trip, from Porte de Versailles to Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, was on 5 November 1910. The line was the second to be built on the north-south axis of the city, in competition with Line 4 of the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (Paris Metropolitan Railway Company," CMP). It was extended bit by bit until 1934 when it reached Mairie d'Issy in the south. Tunnelling to the northern terminus at the Porte de la Chapelle on the perimeter of Paris had been completed in 1916. In 1930, the CMP bought the Nord-Sud company and Line A was integrated into the new, unified network as Line 12. In 1949, the CMP was itself merged into the RATP, Paris's public transport company. They operate the line today and have plans to extend it south as far as the town of Issy, and north to La Plaine Saint-Denis. The line was built using cut-and-cover excavation techniques. Since this method cannot be used under buildings, the route follows the streets above. It remains unchanged today and many original design features, such as the Nord-Sud company's refined ceramic decor, remain in the stations. Some stations are decorated thematically: Assemblée Nationale has murals depicting politicians' silhouettes, and the tiling in Concorde represents an extract from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen in 1789. A third rail is a method of providing electric power to a railway locomotive or train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track.

Direct current

Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge.

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Gare Saint-Lazare

The Gare Saint-Lazare (St Lazarus Station), officially Paris-Saint-Lazare, is one of the six large terminus railway stations of Paris.

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London Underground

The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground, or by its nickname the Tube) is a public rapid transit system serving London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.

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Overhead line

An overhead line or overhead wire is used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains.

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Pantograph (transport)

A pantograph (or "pan") is an apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train, tram or electric bus to collect power through contact with an overhead line.

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Paris Métro

The Paris Métro, short for Métropolitain (Métro de Paris), is a rapid transit system in the Paris metropolitan area.

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Rapid transit

Rapid transit or mass rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, MRT, subway, tube, U-Bahn or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas.

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Volt

The volt (symbol: V) is the derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force.

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