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39 relations: Bacteria, Bacteriorhodopsin, Bilin (biochemistry), Channelrhodopsin, Circadian clock, Circadian rhythm, Cone cell, Cryptochrome, Cyanobacteriochrome, Eyespot apparatus, Flavin group, Flavoprotein, Halorhodopsin, Light-dependent reactions, Melanopsin, OPN5, Photoisomerization, Photomorphogenesis, Photoperiodism, Photopigment, Photopsin, Photoreceptor cell, Phototaxis, Phototropin, Phototropism, Phytochrome, Protein, Protein kinase C, Proteorhodopsin, Retina, Retinal, Retinylidene protein, Rhodopsin, Rod cell, Signal transduction, Ultraviolet, UVR8, Visual perception, Visual phototransduction.
Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bacteriorhodopsin
Bacteriorhodopsin is a protein used by Archaea, most notably by Halobacteria, a class of the Euryarchaeota.
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Bilin (biochemistry)
Bilins, bilanes or bile pigments are biological pigments formed in many organisms as a metabolic product of certain porphyrins.
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Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels.
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Circadian clock
A circadian clock, or circadian oscillator, is a biochemical oscillator that cycles with a stable phase and is synchronized with solar time.
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Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.
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Cone cell
Cone cells, or cones, are one of three types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of mammalian eyes (e.g. the human eye).
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Cryptochrome
Cryptochromes (from the Greek κρυπτός χρώμα, "hidden colour") are a class of flavoproteins that are sensitive to blue light.
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Cyanobacteriochrome
Cyanobacteriochromes are phytochrome-related photoreceptor proteins found only in the cyanobacteria.
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Eyespot apparatus
The eyespot apparatus (or stigma) is a photoreceptive organelle found in the flagellate or (motile) cells of green algae and other unicellular photosynthetic organisms such as euglenids.
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Flavin group
Flavin (from Latin flavus, "yellow") is the common name for a group of organic compounds based on pteridine, formed by the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine.
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Flavoprotein
Flavoproteins are proteins that contain a nucleic acid derivative of riboflavin: the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN).
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Halorhodopsin
Halorhodopsin is a light-gated ion pump, specific for chloride ions, found in archaea, known as halobacteria.
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Light-dependent reactions
In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes.
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Melanopsin
Melanopsin is a type of photopigment belonging to a larger family of light-sensitive retinal proteins called opsins and encoded by the gene Opn4.
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OPN5
Neuropsin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPN5 gene.
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Photoisomerization
In chemistry, photoisomerization is a molecular behavior in which structural change between isomers is caused by photoexcitation.
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Photomorphogenesis
In developmental biology, photomorphogenesis is light-mediated development, where plant growth patterns respond to the light spectrum.
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Photoperiodism
Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night.
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Photopigment
Photopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light.
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Photopsin
Photopsins (also known as Cone opsins) are the photoreceptor proteins found in the cone cells of the retina that are the basis of color vision.
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Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction.
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Phototaxis
Phototaxis is a kind of taxis, or locomotory movement, that occurs when a whole organism moves towards or away from stimulus of light.
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Phototropin
Phototropins are photoreceptor proteins (more specifically, flavoproteins) that mediate phototropism responses in higher plants.
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Phototropism
Phototropism is the growth of an organism which responds to a light stimulus.
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Phytochrome
Phytochromes are a class of photoreceptor in plants, bacteria and fungi use to detect light.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein kinase C
Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
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Proteorhodopsin
Proteorhodopsin (also known as pRhodopsin) is a family of over 50 photoactive retinylidene proteins, a larger family of transmembrane proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light-mediated functionality, in this case, a proton pump.
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Retina
The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive "coat", or layer, of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.
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Retinal
Retinal is also known as retinaldehyde.
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Retinylidene protein
Retinylidene protein, is a family of proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light reception.
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Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin (also known as visual purple) is a light-sensitive receptor protein involved in visual phototransduction.
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Rod cell
Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells.
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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UVR8
UV-B resistance 8 (UVR8) also known as ultraviolet-B receptor UVR8 is an UV-B – sensing protein found in plants and possibly other sources.
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Visual perception
Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.
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Visual phototransduction
Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction of the visual system.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_protein
