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209 relations: Abscisic acid, Abscission, Agriculture, Agronomy, Amaranth, American Journal of Botany, Animal, Anthocyanin, Antioxidant, Arabidopsis thaliana, Aspirin, Atmosphere, Auxin, Bacteria, Beetroot, Betalain, Biochemistry, Biofuel, Biological pigment, Biomechanics, Bordeaux mixture, Boron, Botany, Branches of botany, Cactus, Calcium, Carbon, Carnivorous plant, Carotene, Carotenoid, Carrot, Caryophyllales, Cell (biology), Cell biology, Cell growth, Cell wall, Cellular differentiation, Cellular respiration, Cellulose, Chemical element, Chemical reaction, Chemical substance, Chlorine, Chlorophyll, Circadian rhythm, Color, Competition (biology), Copper, Copper sulfate, Cryptochrome, ..., Cytokinin, Day, Developmental biology, Diatom, Dicotyledon, Diffusion, Digoxin, Disease, Dormancy, Downy mildew, Drought, Dye, Ecology, Ecophysiology, Enzyme, Epicotyl, Ethylene, Far-red, Fire, Flavonoid, Flood, Floristry, Flower, Flowering plant, Food science, France, Francis Bacon, Fruit, Fungicide, Fungus, Germination, Gibberellin, Gravitropism, Gravity, Green, Green algae, Greenhouse, Herbivore, Heterokont, Hevea brasiliensis, Hormone, Horticulture, Humidity, Hydrogen, Hydroponics, Hypocotyl, Indole, Insect, Ion, Iron, Jan Baptist van Helmont, John Woodward (naturalist), Julius von Sachs, Kelp, Leaf, Life, Light, Lime (material), Lutein, Lycopene, Magnesium, Manganese, Micronutrient, Molecular biology, Molecule, Molybdenum, Morphine, Morphogenesis, Mutualism (biology), Nastic movements, Natural rubber, Nematode, Nickel, Nitrogen, Nutrient, Nyctinasty, Oxygen, Pansy, Parasitism, Pathogen, Petal, PH, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmacology, Phosphorus, Photomorphogenesis, Photoperiodism, Photopigment, Photoreceptor protein, Photosynthesis, Phototropism, Physiology, Phytochemistry, Phytochrome, Pigment, Plant, Plant anatomy, Plant hormone, Plant morphology, Plant nutrition, Plant pathology, Plant Physiology (journal), Plant secondary metabolism, Plant stem, Poinsettia, Pollination, Pollinator, Porphyrin, Potassium, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Protein, Protochlorophyllide, Radiation, Red, Red algae, Reflection (physics), Reproduction, Rhizoid, Riboflavin, Ripening, Root, Rubber tapping, Salicylic acid, Scholander pressure bomb, Season, Seed, Solubility, Spearmint, Spore, Starch, Stephen Hales, Stimulus (physiology), Stoma, Sulfur, Temperature, Tetraterpene, Thigmonasty, Tissue (biology), Tomato, Toxin, Tradescantia zebrina, Transpiration, Tropism, Turgor pressure, Tyrosine, Ultraviolet, Vascular tissue, Vector (epidemiology), Vegetable, Venus flytrap, Vernalization, Virus, Visible spectrum, Visual perception, Water, Wavelength, Wind, Wine, Zinc. Expand index (159 more) »
Abscisic acid
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone.
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Abscission
Abscission (from Latin ab, "away", and scindere, "to cut'") is the shedding of various parts of an organism, such as a plant dropping a leaf, fruit, flower, or seed.
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Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.
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Agronomy
Agronomy (Ancient Greek ἀγρός agrós 'field' + νόμος nómos 'law') is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation.
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Amaranth
Amaranthus, collectively known as amaranth, is a cosmopolitan genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants.
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American Journal of Botany
The American Journal of Botany is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers all aspects of plant biology.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Anthocyanin
Anthocyanins (also anthocyans; from Greek: ἄνθος (anthos) "flower" and κυάνεος/κυανοῦς kyaneos/kyanous "dark blue") are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, or blue.
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Antioxidant
Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules.
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Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small flowering plant native to Eurasia and Africa.
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Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.
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Atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body.
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Auxin
Auxins (plural of auxin) are a class of plant hormones (or plant growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Beetroot
The beetroot is the taproot portion of the beet plant, usually known in North America as the beet, also table beet, garden beet, red beet, or golden beet.
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Betalain
Betalains are a class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments found in plants of the Caryophyllales, where they replace anthocyanin pigments.
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Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
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Biofuel
A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.
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Biological pigment
Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption.
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Biomechanics
Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics.
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Bordeaux mixture
Bordeaux mixture (also called Bordo Mix) is a mixture of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) and slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) used as a fungicide.
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Boron
Boron is a chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5.
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Botany
Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
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Branches of botany
Botany is a natural science concerned with the study of plants.
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Cactus
A cactus (plural: cacti, cactuses, or cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae,Although the spellings of botanical families have been largely standardized, there is little agreement among botanists as to how these names are to be pronounced.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Carbon
Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.
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Carnivorous plant
Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods.
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Carotene
The term carotene (also carotin, from the Latin carota, "carrot") is used for many related unsaturated hydrocarbon substances having the formula C40Hx, which are synthesized by plants but in general cannot be made by animals (with the exception of some aphids and spider mites which acquired the synthesizing genes from fungi).
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Carotenoid
Carotenoids, also called tetraterpenoids, are organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria and fungi.
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Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist.
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Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants.
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Cell biology
Cell biology (also called cytology, from the Greek κυτος, kytos, "vessel") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, the basic unit of life.
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Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction).
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Cell wall
A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane.
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Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.
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Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
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Cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
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Chemical element
A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).
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Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
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Chemical substance
A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.
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Chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
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Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
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Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.
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Color
Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color categories, with names such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, or purple.
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Competition (biology)
Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Copper sulfate
Copper sulfate may refer to.
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Cryptochrome
Cryptochromes (from the Greek κρυπτός χρώμα, "hidden colour") are a class of flavoproteins that are sensitive to blue light.
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Cytokinin
Cytokinins (CK) are a class of plant growth substances (phytohormones) that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.
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Day
A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (solar day).
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Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
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Diatom
Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
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Dicotyledon
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or more rarely dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided.
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Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.
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Digoxin
Digoxin, sold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart conditions.
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Disease
A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.
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Dormancy
Dormancy is a period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped.
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Downy mildew
Downy mildew refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants.
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Drought
A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.
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Dye
A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.
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Ecology
Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.
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Ecophysiology
Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the adaptation of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Epicotyl
An epicotyl is important for the beginning stages of a plant's life.
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Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C.
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Far-red
Far-red light is light at the extreme red end of the visible spectrum, just before infra-red light.
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Fire
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.
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Flavonoid
Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids) (from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites.
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Flood
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
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Floristry
Floristry is the production, commerce and trade in flowers.
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Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms).
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Flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approximately 13,164 known genera and c. 295,383 known species.
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Food science
Food science is the applied science devoted to the study of food.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (22 January 15619 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author.
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Fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering.
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Fungicide
Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure.
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Gibberellin
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, flower development and leaf and fruit senescence.
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Gravitropism
Gravitropism (also known as geotropism) is a coordinated process of differential growth by a plant or fungus in response to gravity pulling on it.
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Gravity
Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.
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Green
Green is the color between blue and yellow on the visible spectrum.
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Green algae
The green algae (singular: green alga) are a large, informal grouping of algae consisting of the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta, which are now placed in separate divisions, as well as the more basal Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae and Spirotaenia.
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Greenhouse
A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse) is a structure with walls and roof made mainly of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions are grown.
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Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.
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Heterokont
The heterokonts or stramenopiles (formally, Heterokonta or Stramenopiles) are a major line of eukaryotes currently containing more than 25,000 known species.
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Hevea brasiliensis
Hevea brasiliensis, the Pará rubber tree, sharinga tree, seringueira, or, most commonly, the rubber tree or rubber plant, is a tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae.
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Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
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Horticulture
Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants (fruits, vegetables, flowers, and any other cultivar).
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Humidity
Humidity is the amount of water vapor present in the air.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Hydroponics
Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture, the method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent.
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Hypocotyl
The hypocotyl (short for "hypocotyledonous stem", meaning "below seed leaf") is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root).
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Indole
Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with formula C8H7N.
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Insect
Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Iron
Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.
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Jan Baptist van Helmont
Jan Baptist van Helmont (12 January 1580 – 30 December 1644) was a Flemish chemist, physiologist, and physician.
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John Woodward (naturalist)
John Woodward (1 May 1665 – 25 April 1728) was an English naturalist, antiquarian and geologist, and founder by bequest of the Woodwardian Professorship of Geology at Cambridge University.
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Julius von Sachs
Julius von Sachs (2 October 1832 – 29 May 1897) was a German botanist from Breslau, Prussian Silesia.
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Kelp
Kelps are large brown algae seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales.
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Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem.
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Life
Life is a characteristic that distinguishes physical entities that do have biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate.
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Light
Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Lime (material)
Lime is a calcium-containing inorganic mineral in which oxides, and hydroxides predominate.
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Lutein
Lutein (Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. from Latin luteus meaning "yellow") is a xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids.
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Lycopene
Lycopene (from the neo-Latin Lycopersicum, the tomato species) is a bright red carotene and carotenoid pigment and phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, gac, and papayas, but it is not in strawberries or cherries.
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Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
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Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
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Micronutrient
Micronutrients are essential elements required by organisms in small quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions to maintain health.
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Molecular biology
Molecular biology is a branch of biology which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42.
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Morphine
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
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Morphogenesis
Morphogenesis (from the Greek morphê shape and genesis creation, literally, "beginning of the shape") is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape.
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Mutualism (biology)
Mutualism or interspecific cooperation is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other.
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Nastic movements
Nastic movements are non-directional responses to stimuli (e.g. temperature, humidity, light irradiance), and are usually associated with plants.
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Natural rubber
Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water.
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Nematode
The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).
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Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.
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Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.
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Nyctinasty
Nyctinasty is the circadian rhythmic nastic movement of higher plants in response to the onset of darkness.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Pansy
The garden pansy is a type of large-flowered hybrid plant cultivated as a garden flower.
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Parasitism
In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Petal
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Pharmaceutical industry
The pharmaceutical industry (or medicine industry) is the commercial industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as different types of medicine and medications.
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Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).
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Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.
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Photomorphogenesis
In developmental biology, photomorphogenesis is light-mediated development, where plant growth patterns respond to the light spectrum.
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Photoperiodism
Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night.
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Photopigment
Photopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light.
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Photoreceptor protein
Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).
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Phototropism
Phototropism is the growth of an organism which responds to a light stimulus.
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Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.
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Phytochemistry
Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants.
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Phytochrome
Phytochromes are a class of photoreceptor in plants, bacteria and fungi use to detect light.
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Pigment
A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.
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Plant
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
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Plant anatomy
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.
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Plant hormone
Plant hormones (also known as phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate plant growth.
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Plant morphology
Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants.
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Plant nutrition
Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth, plant metabolism and their external supply.
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Plant pathology
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors).
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Plant Physiology (journal)
Plant Physiology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research on physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, genetics, biophysics, and environmental biology of plants.
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Plant secondary metabolism
Secondary metabolism produces a large number of specialized compounds (estimated 200,000) that do not aid in the growth and development of plants but are required for the plant to survive in its environment.
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Plant stem
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root.
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Poinsettia
The poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) is a commercially important plant species of the diverse spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).
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Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.
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Pollinator
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower.
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Porphyrin
Porphyrins (/phɔɹfɚɪn/ ''POUR-fer-in'') are a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (.
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Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protochlorophyllide
Protochlorophyllide,KEGG compound database entry or monovinyl protochlorophyllide, is an immediate precursor of chlorophyll ''a'' that lacks the phytol side-chain of chlorophyll.
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Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
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Red
Red is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.
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Red algae
The red algae, or Rhodophyta, are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
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Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.
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Reproduction
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents".
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Rhizoid
Rhizoids are protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes and algae.
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Riboflavin
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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Ripening
Ripening is a process in fruits that causes them to become more palatable.
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Root
In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil.
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Rubber tapping
Rubber tapping is the process by which latex is collected from a rubber tree.
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Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid (from Latin salix, willow tree) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, and a beta hydroxy acid (BHA).
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Scholander pressure bomb
A pressure bomb or pressure chamber or Scholander bomb is an instrument that can measure the approximate water potential of plant tissues.
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Season
A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and amount of daylight.
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Seed
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering.
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Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.
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Spearmint
Spearmint (binomial Mentha spicata, synonym Mentha viridis), also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is a species of mint native to much of Europe and Asia (Middle East, Himalayas, China etc.), and naturalized in parts of northern and western Africa, North America, and South America, as well as various oceanic islands.
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Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
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Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
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Stephen Hales
Stephen Hales (17 September 16774 January 1761), was an English clergyman who made major contributions to a range of scientific fields including botany, pneumatic chemistry and physiology.
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Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment.
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Stoma
In botany, a stoma (plural "stomata"), also called a stomata (plural "stomates") (from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange.
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Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.
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Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.
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Tetraterpene
Tetraterpenes are terpenes consisting of eight isoprene units and have the molecular formula C40H64.
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Thigmonasty
Thigmonasty or seismonasty is the nastic response of a plant or fungus to touch or vibration.
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Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
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Tomato
The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit/berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as a tomato plant.
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Toxin
A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.
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Tradescantia zebrina
Tradescantia zebrina, formerly known as Zebrina pendula, is a species of spiderwort more commonly known as an inchplant or wandering jew.
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Transpiration
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.
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Tropism
A tropism (from Greek τρόπος, tropos, "a turning") is a biological phenomenon, indicating growth or turning movement of a biological organism, usually a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus.
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Turgor pressure
Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.
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Tyrosine
Tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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Vascular tissue
Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants.
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Vector (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism; most agents regarded as vectors are organisms, such as intermediate parasites or microbes, but it could be an inanimate medium of infection such as dust particles.
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Vegetable
Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans as food as part of a meal.
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Venus flytrap
The Venus flytrap (also referred to as Venus's flytrap or Venus' flytrap), Dionaea muscipula, is a carnivorous plant native to subtropical wetlands on the East Coast of the United States in North Carolina and South Carolina.
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Vernalization
Vernalization (from Latin vernus, "of the spring") is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, or by an artificial equivalent.
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Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.
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Visible spectrum
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
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Visual perception
Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.
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Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
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Wavelength
In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
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Wind
Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale.
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Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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Phytophysiology, Plant Biochemistry, Plant Physiology, Plant biochemistry, Plant metabolism, Plant movements, Plant physiologist.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_physiology
