Table of Contents
777 relations: ABC-Clio, Aboriginal Australians, Absolute monarchy, Academy, Action Française, Advance-fee scam, Affirmative action, African Americans, African-American literature, Aftenposten, Age of Enlightenment, Al Jazeera English, Al-Andalus, Al-Biruni, Al-Jahiz, Al-Maqdisi, Al-Masudi, Alcoholism, Alexandria, Alfred Dreyfus, Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred Rosenberg, Allport's Scale, Alpine race, Ambivalence, American Anthropological Association, American Anthropologist, American Colonization Society, American Psychologist, An American Dilemma, An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, Anachronism, Ancestor, Ancien régime, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek philosophy, Andalusia, Anders Retzius, Ante Pavelić, Anthony D. Smith, Anthropology, Anthropometry, Anti-African sentiment, Anti-Apartheid Movement, Anti-miscegenation laws, Anti-Nazi League, Anti-Romani sentiment, Antipode (journal), Antoine Augustin Cournot, Apartheid, ... Expand index (727 more) »
- Prejudice and discrimination by type
ABC-Clio
ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.
Aboriginal Australians
Aboriginal Australians are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, excluding the ethnically distinct people of the Torres Strait Islands.
See Racism and Aboriginal Australians
Absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.
See Racism and Absolute monarchy
Academy
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership).
Action Française
Action française (AF; French Action) is a French far-right monarchist political movement.
See Racism and Action Française
Advance-fee scam
An advance-fee scam is a form of fraud and is one of the most common types of confidence tricks.
See Racism and Advance-fee scam
Affirmative action
Affirmative action (also sometimes called reservations, alternative access, positive discrimination or positive action in various countries' laws and policies) refers to a set of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking to benefit marginalized groups. Racism and Affirmative action are politics and race.
See Racism and Affirmative action
African Americans
African Americans, also known as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa.
See Racism and African Americans
African-American literature
African American literature is the body of literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent.
See Racism and African-American literature
Aftenposten
Aftenposten (stylized as i in the masthead) is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation.
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.
See Racism and Age of Enlightenment
Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English (AJE; lit) is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar.
See Racism and Al Jazeera English
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.
Al-Biruni
Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (ابوریحان بیرونی; أبو الريحان البيروني; 973after 1050), known as al-Biruni, was a Khwarazmian Iranian scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age.
Al-Jahiz
Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Basri (translit), commonly known as al-Jahiz (lit), was an Arabic polymath and author of works of literature (including theory and criticism), theology, zoology, philosophy, grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, philology, linguistics, and politico-religious polemics.
Al-Maqdisi
Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr (translit; 991), commonly known by the nisba al-Maqdisi (translit) or al-Muqaddasī (ٱلْمُقَدَّسِي) was a medieval Palestinian Arab geographer, author of Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm (The Best Divisions in the Knowledge of the Regions), as well as author of the book, Description of Syria (Including Palestine).
Al-Masudi
al-Masʿūdī (full name, أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين بن علي المسعودي), –956, was a historian, geographer and traveler.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems.
Alexandria
Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.
Alfred Dreyfus
Alfred Dreyfus (9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935) was a French artillery officer of Alsatian origin and Jewish ethnicity and faith.
Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, FBA (born Alfred Reginald Brown; 1881–1955) was an English social anthropologist who helped further develop the theory of structural functionalism.
See Racism and Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
Alfred Rosenberg
Alfred Ernst Rosenberg (– 16 October 1946) was a Baltic German Nazi theorist and ideologue.
See Racism and Alfred Rosenberg
Allport's Scale
Allport's Scale of Prejudice and Discrimination is a measure of the manifestation of prejudice in a society.
See Racism and Allport's Scale
Alpine race
The Alpine race is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race.
Ambivalence
Ambivalence is a state of having simultaneous conflicting reactions, beliefs, or feelings towards some object.
American Anthropological Association
The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is an organization of scholars and practitioners in the field of anthropology.
See Racism and American Anthropological Association
American Anthropologist
American Anthropologist is the flagship journal of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), published quarterly by Wiley.
See Racism and American Anthropologist
American Colonization Society
The American Colonization Society (ACS), initially the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the repatriation of freeborn people of color and emancipated slaves to the continent of Africa.
See Racism and American Colonization Society
American Psychologist
American Psychologist is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association.
See Racism and American Psychologist
An American Dilemma
An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy is a 1944 study of race relations authored by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal and funded by Carnegie Corporation of New York.
See Racism and An American Dilemma
An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines (Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, 1853–1855) is a racist and pseudoscientific work of French writer Arthur de Gobineau, which argues that there are intellectual differences between human races, that civilizations decline and fall when the races are mixed and that the white race is superior.
See Racism and An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
Anachronism
An anachronism (from the Greek ἀνά ana, 'against' and χρόνος khronos, 'time') is a chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of people, events, objects, language terms and customs from different time periods.
Ancestor
An ancestor, also known as a forefather, fore-elder, or a forebear, is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent and so forth).
Ancien régime
The ancien régime was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France that the French Revolution overturned through its abolition in 1790 of the feudal system of the French nobility and in 1792 through its execution of the king and declaration of a republic.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
Ancient Greek philosophy
Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC.
See Racism and Ancient Greek philosophy
Andalusia
Andalusia (Andalucía) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain.
Anders Retzius
Anders Adolph Retzius (13 October 1796 – 18 April 1860), was a Swedish professor of anatomy and a supervisor at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
Ante Pavelić
Ante Pavelić (14 July 1889 – 28 December 1959) was a Croatian politician who founded and headed the fascist ultranationalist organization known as the Ustaše in 1929 and was dictator of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a fascist puppet state built out of parts of occupied Yugoslavia by the authorities of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, from 1941 to 1945.
Anthony D. Smith
Anthony David Stephen Smith (23 September 1939 – 19 July 2016) was a British historical sociologist who, at the time of his death, was Professor Emeritus of Nationalism and Ethnicity at the London School of Economics.
See Racism and Anthony D. Smith
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans.
Anthropometry
Anthropometry refers to the measurement of the human individual.
Anti-African sentiment
Anti-African sentiment, Afroscepticism, or Afrophobia is prejudice, hostility, discrimination, or racism towards people and cultures of Africa and of the African diaspora.
See Racism and Anti-African sentiment
Anti-Apartheid Movement
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-white population who were oppressed by the policies of apartheid.
See Racism and Anti-Apartheid Movement
Anti-miscegenation laws
Anti-miscegenation laws are laws that enforce racial segregation at the level of marriage and intimate relationships by criminalizing interracial marriage and sometimes, they also criminalize sex between members of different races. Racism and Anti-miscegenation laws are politics and race.
See Racism and Anti-miscegenation laws
Anti-Nazi League
The Anti-Nazi League (ANL) was an organisation set up in 1977 on the initiative of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) with sponsorship from some trade unions and the endorsement of a list of prominent people to oppose the rise of far-right groups in the United Kingdom.
See Racism and Anti-Nazi League
Anti-Romani sentiment
Anti-Romani sentiment (also called antigypsyism, anti-Romanyism, antiziganism, or Romaphobia) is a form of bigotry which consists of hostility, prejudice, discrimination, racism and xenophobia which is specifically directed at Romani people (Roma, Sinti, Iberian Kale, Welsh Kale, Finnish Kale, Horahane Roma, and Romanichal).
See Racism and Anti-Romani sentiment
Antipode (journal)
Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published five times per year by Wiley-Blackwell and produced by The Antipode Foundation.
See Racism and Antipode (journal)
Antoine Augustin Cournot
Antoine Augustin Cournot (28 August 180131 March 1877) was a French philosopher and mathematician who contributed to the development of economics.
See Racism and Antoine Augustin Cournot
Apartheid
Apartheid (especially South African English) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Racism and Apartheid are politics and race.
Apartheid legislation
The system of racial segregation and oppression in South Africa known as apartheid was implemented and enforced by many acts and other laws.
See Racism and Apartheid legislation
Aporophobia
Aporophobia (from the Spanish aporofobia, and this from the Ancient Greek ἄπορος (áporos), 'without resources, indigent, poor,' and φόβος (phobos), 'hatred' or 'aversion') are negative attitudes and feelings towards poverty and poor people.
Appeasement
Appeasement, in an international context, is a diplomatic negotiation policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power with intention to avoid conflict.
Arab identity
Arab identity (الهوية العربية) is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as an Arab and as relating to being Arab.
Arab nationalism
Arab nationalism (al-qawmīya al-ʿarabīya) is a political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation.
See Racism and Arab nationalism
Arab slave trade
Arab slave trade refers to various periods in which a slave trade has been carried out under the auspices of Arab peoples or Arab countries.
See Racism and Arab slave trade
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
See Racism and Arabs
Archetype
The concept of an archetype appears in areas relating to behavior, historical psychology, and literary analysis.
Aristocracy
Aristocracy is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.
Aristotelianism
Aristotelianism is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics.
See Racism and Aristotelianism
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
See Racism and Armenian genocide
Arthur de Gobineau
Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (14 July 1816 – 13 October 1882) was a French aristocrat and anthropologist, who is best known for helping to legitimise racism by the use of scientific race theory and "racial demography", and for developing the theory of the Aryan master race and Nordicism.
See Racism and Arthur de Gobineau
Aryan
Aryan or Arya (Indo-Iranian arya) is a term originally used as an ethnocultural self-designation by Indo-Iranians in ancient times, in contrast to the nearby outsiders known as 'non-Aryan' (an-arya).
See Racism and Aryan
Aryan race
The Aryan race is a pseudoscientific historical race concept that emerged in the late-19th century to describe people who descend from the Proto-Indo-Europeans as a racial grouping.
Ashley Montagu
Montague Francis Ashley-Montagu (born Israel Ehrenberg; June 28, 1905November 26, 1999) was a British-American anthropologist who popularized the study of topics such as race and gender and their relation to politics and development. Racism and Ashley Montagu are politics and race.
Atlantic slave trade
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people to the Americas.
See Racism and Atlantic slave trade
Augustin Thierry
Jacques Nicolas Augustin Thierry (10 May 179522 May 1856; also known as Augustin Thierry) was a French historian.
See Racism and Augustin Thierry
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.
See Racism and Austria-Hungary
Aversive racism
Aversive racism is a social scientific theory proposed by Samuel L. Gaertner & John F. Dovidio (1986), according to which negative evaluations of racial/ethnic minorities are realized by a persistent avoidance of interaction with other racial and ethnic groups.
See Racism and Aversive racism
Émile Zola
Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (also,; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism.
Balkans
The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.
Bantu peoples
The Bantu peoples are an ethnolinguistic grouping of approximately 400 distinct native African ethnic groups who speak Bantu languages.
Barbarian
A barbarian is a person or tribe of people that is perceived to be primitive, savage and warlike.
Bartolomé de las Casas
Bartolomé de las Casas, OP (11 November 1484 – 18 July 1566) was a Spanish clergyman, writer, and activist best known for his work as an historian and social reformer.
See Racism and Bartolomé de las Casas
Basil Davidson
Basil Risbridger Davidson (9 November 1914 – 9 July 2010) was a British journalist and historian who wrote more than 30 books on African history and politics.
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Racism and BBC
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Belarusians
Belarusians (biełarusy) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus.
Benedict Anderson
Benedict Richard O'Gorman Anderson (August 26, 1936 – December 13, 2015) was an Anglo-Irish political scientist and historian who lived and taught in the United States.
See Racism and Benedict Anderson
Benjamin Isaac
Benjamin Henri Isaac (Ben Isaac; בנימין איזק; born May 10, 1945) is the Fred and Helen Lessing Professor of Ancient History Emeritus at Tel Aviv University.
Berbers
Berbers, or the Berber peoples, also called by their endonym Amazigh or Imazighen, are a diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa who predate the arrival of Arabs in the Arab migrations to the Maghreb.
Bernard Lewis
Bernard Lewis, (31 May 1916 – 19 May 2018) was a British American historian specialized in Oriental studies.
Biological anthropology
Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective.
See Racism and Biological anthropology
Biologist
A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology.
Biology
Biology is the scientific study of life.
Birney, Montana
Birney is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rosebud County, Montana, United States.
See Racism and Birney, Montana
Black Like Me
Black Like Me, first published in 1961, is a nonfiction book by journalist John Howard Griffin recounting his journey in the Deep South of the United States, at a time when African-Americans lived under racial segregation.
Black Lives Matter
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a decentralized political and social movement that seeks to highlight racism, discrimination, and racial inequality experienced by black people and to promote anti-racism.
See Racism and Black Lives Matter
Black people
Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion.
Black studies
Black studies or Africana studies (with nationally specific terms, such as African American studies and Black Canadian studies), is an interdisciplinary academic field that primarily focuses on the study of the history, culture, and politics of the peoples of the African diaspora and Africa.
Black supremacy
Black supremacy or black supremacism is a racial supremacist belief which maintains that black people are inherently superior to people of other races. Racism and black supremacy are politics and race.
See Racism and Black supremacy
Botswana
Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.
Boydell & Brewer
Boydell & Brewer is an academic press based in Martlesham, Suffolk, England, that specializes in publishing historical and critical works.
See Racism and Boydell & Brewer
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
See Racism and Brill Publishers
Bronisław Malinowski
Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942) was a Polish-British anthropologist and ethnologist whose writings on ethnography, social theory, and field research have exerted a lasting influence on the discipline of anthropology.
See Racism and Bronisław Malinowski
Bronx Zoo
The Bronx Zoo (also historically the Bronx Zoological Park and the Bronx Zoological Gardens) is a zoo within Bronx Park in the Bronx, New York.
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.
See Racism and Brown v. Board of Education
Bumiputera (Malaysia)
Bumiputera or bumiputra (Jawi: بوميڤوترا, Native) is a term used in Malaysia to describe Malays, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, and various indigenous peoples of East Malaysia. Racism and Bumiputera (Malaysia) are politics and race.
See Racism and Bumiputera (Malaysia)
Burmese Indians
Burmese Indians are a group of people of Indian origin who live in Myanmar (Burma).
See Racism and Burmese Indians
Cabinet wars
Cabinet wars, derived from the German expression Kabinettskriege (singular Kabinettskrieg), is a historical term to describe the shift from the regular, limited, aristocratic conflicts of the eighteenth century to total war following the French Revolution.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Racism and Cambridge University Press
Cape Times
The Cape Times is an English-language morning newspaper owned by Independent News & Media SA and published in Cape Town, South Africa.
Cape Town peace march
On 13 September 1989, 30 000 Capetonians from a diverse cross-section of the city marched in support of peace and the end of apartheid.
See Racism and Cape Town peace march
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
Carl Hagenbeck
Carl Hagenbeck (10 June 1844 – 14 April 1913) was a German merchant of wild animals who supplied many European zoos, as well as P. T. Barnum.
Carl Meinhof
Carl Friedrich Michael Meinhof (23 July 1857 – 11 February 1944) was a German linguist and one of the first linguists to study African languages.
Casta
Casta is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.
See Racism and Casta
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Racism and Catholic Church
Catholic Monarchs of Spain
The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the de facto unification of Spain.
See Racism and Catholic Monarchs of Spain
Catholic theology
Catholic theology is the understanding of Catholic doctrine or teachings, and results from the studies of theologians.
See Racism and Catholic theology
Cato Institute
The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1977 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Koch Industries.
Caucasian race
The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid, Europid, or Europoid) is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race.
Cephalic index
The cephalic index or cranial index is a number obtained by taking the maximum width (biparietal diameter or BPD, side to side) of the head of an organism, multiplying it by 100 and then dividing it by their maximum length (occipitofrontal diameter or OFD, front to back).
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
Charles Maurras
Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, politician, poet, and critic.
See Racism and Charles Maurras
Charles Tilly
Charles Tilly (May 27, 1929 – April 29, 2008) was an American sociologist, political scientist, and historian who wrote on the relationship between politics and society.
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR) enshrines certain political, social, and economic rights for European Union (EU) citizens and residents into EU law.
See Racism and Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
Charter of the United Nations
The Charter of the United Nations (UN) is the foundational treaty of the United Nations.
See Racism and Charter of the United Nations
Chinaman
Chinaman is an offensive term referring to a Chinese man or person, or widely a person native to geographical East Asia or of perceived East Asian ethnicity.
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years.
See Racism and Chinese Exclusion Act
Chinese Indonesians
Chinese Indonesians (Orang Tionghoa Indonesia), or simply Orang Tionghoa or Tionghoa, are Indonesians whose ancestors arrived from China at some stage in the last eight centuries.
See Racism and Chinese Indonesians
Christian Identity
Christian Identity (also known as Identity Christianity) is an interpretation of Christianity which advocates the belief that only Celtic and Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxon, Nordic nations, or people of the Aryan race and people of kindred blood, are the descendants of the ancient Israelites and are therefore God's "chosen people".
See Racism and Christian Identity
Christoph Meiners
Christoph Meiners (31 July 1747 – 1 May 1810) was a German racialist, philosopher, historian, and writer born in Warstade.
See Racism and Christoph Meiners
Church Street, Pretoria bombing
The Church Street bombing was a car bomb attack on 20 May 1983 in the South African capital Pretoria by uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress.
See Racism and Church Street, Pretoria bombing
Cityscape
In the visual arts, a cityscape (urban landscape) is an artistic representation, such as a painting, drawing, print or photograph, of the physical aspects of a city or urban area.
Civic nationalism
Civic nationalism, otherwise known as democratic nationalism, is a form of nationalism that adheres to traditional liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights, and is not based on ethnocentrism.
See Racism and Civic nationalism
Civil and political rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.
See Racism and Civil and political rights
Civil liberties
Civil liberties are guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation, without due process.
See Racism and Civil liberties
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.
See Racism and Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil rights movement
The civil rights movement was a social movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country.
See Racism and Civil rights movement
Civilization
A civilization (civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems and graphic arts).
Class conflict
In political science, the term class conflict, or class struggle, refers to the political tension and economic antagonism that exist among the social classes of society, because of socioeconomic competition for resources among the social classes, between the rich and the poor.
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Claude Lévi-Strauss (28 November 1908 – 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of the theories of structuralism and structural anthropology.
See Racism and Claude Lévi-Strauss
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See Racism and CNN
Colonial exhibition
A colonial exhibition was a type of international exhibition that was held to boost trade.
See Racism and Colonial exhibition
Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
Colonisation of Africa
External colonies were first founded in Africa during antiquity.
See Racism and Colonisation of Africa
Color consciousness
Color consciousness is a theory stating that equality under the law is insufficient to address racial inequalities in society. Racism and Color consciousness are politics and race.
See Racism and Color consciousness
Color line (racism)
The term color line was originally used as a reference to the racial segregation that existed in the United States after the abolition of slavery.
See Racism and Color line (racism)
Combatant
Combatant is the legal status of a person entitled to directly participate in hostilities during an armed conflict, and may be intentionally targeted by an adverse party for their participation in the armed conflict.
Communal violence
Communal violence is a form of violence that is perpetrated across ethnic or communal lines, where the violent parties feel solidarity for their respective groups and victims are chosen based upon group membership.
See Racism and Communal violence
Comparative politics
Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries.
See Racism and Comparative politics
Congo Free State
The Congo Free State, also known as the Independent State of the Congo (État indépendant du Congo), was a large state and absolute monarchy in Central Africa from 1885 to 1908.
See Racism and Congo Free State
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.
See Racism and Congress of Vienna
Conscription
Conscription is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service.
Content analysis
Content analysis is the study of documents and communication artifacts, which might be texts of various formats, pictures, audio or video.
See Racism and Content analysis
Converso
A converso (feminine form conversa), "convert", was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of their descendants.
Covenant of the League of Nations
The Covenant of the League of Nations was the charter of the League of Nations.
See Racism and Covenant of the League of Nations
Covert racism
Covert racism is a form of racial discrimination that is disguised and subtle, rather than public or obvious.
Craniometry
Craniometry is measurement of the cranium (the main part of the skull), usually the human cranium.
CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.
Creationism
Creationism is the religious belief that nature, and aspects such as the universe, Earth, life, and humans, originated with supernatural acts of divine creation.
Creativity (religion)
Creativity, historically known as The (World) Church of the Creator, is an atheistic (nontheistic) white supremacist new religious movement espousing white separatism, antitheism, antisemitism, anti-Christian sentiment, scientific racism, homophobia, and religious / philosophical naturalism.
See Racism and Creativity (religion)
Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity are certain serious crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians.
See Racism and Crimes against humanity
Croatian nationalism
Croatian nationalism is nationalism that asserts the nationality of Croats and promotes the cultural unity of Croats.
See Racism and Croatian nationalism
Croats
The Croats (Hrvati) or Horvati (in a more archaic version) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language.
Cultural anthropology
Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans.
See Racism and Cultural anthropology
Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage is the heritage of tangible and intangible heritage assets of a group or society that is inherited from past generations.
See Racism and Cultural heritage
Culture
Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.
Curse and mark of Cain
The curse of Cain and the mark of Cain are phrases that originated in the story of Cain and Abel in the Book of Genesis.
See Racism and Curse and mark of Cain
Curse of Ham
In the Book of Genesis, the curse of Ham is described as a curse which was imposed upon Ham's son Canaan by the patriarch Noah.
Czechs
The Czechs (Češi,; singular Czech, masculine: Čech, singular feminine: Češka), or the Czech people (Český lid), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and the Czech language.
Daniel Goldhagen
Daniel Jonah Goldhagen (born June 30, 1959) is an American author, and former associate professor of government and social studies at Harvard University.
See Racism and Daniel Goldhagen
Danish Journal of Geography
Danish Journal of Geography (Geografisk Tidsskrift) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Routledge on behalf of the Royal Danish Geographical Society.
See Racism and Danish Journal of Geography
Darwinism
Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
David C. Rowe
David Christian Rowe (September 27, 1949 – February 2, 2003) was an American psychologist known for his work studying genetic and environmental influences on adolescent onset behaviors such as delinquency and smoking.
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is a human rights proclamation issued by the United Nations General Assembly, outlining that body's views on racism.
See Racism and Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Definitions of whiteness in the United States
The legal and social strictures that define White Americans, and distinguish them from persons who are not considered white by the government and society, have varied throughout the history of the United States.
See Racism and Definitions of whiteness in the United States
Dehumanization
Dehumanization is the denial of full humanity in others along with the cruelty and suffering that accompany it.
Demographics of Eritrea
Sources disagree as to the current population of Eritrea, with some proposing numbers as low as 3.6 million and others as high as 6.7 million.
See Racism and Demographics of Eritrea
Demography (journal)
Demography is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering issues related to population and demography.
See Racism and Demography (journal)
Deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a territory.
Despotism
In political science, despotism (despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.
Diffa
Diffa is a city and Urban Commune in the extreme southeast of Niger, near the border with Nigeria.
See Racism and Diffa
Discourse
Discourse is a generalization of the notion of a conversation to any form of communication.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is an approach to the analysis of written, spoken, or sign language, including any significant semiotic event.
See Racism and Discourse analysis
Discrimination
Discrimination is the process of making unfair or prejudicial distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, such as race, gender, age, religion, physical attractiveness or sexual orientation.
Discrimination against Chinese Indonesians
Discrimination against people of Chinese descent in Indonesia has been carried out since the time of the Dutch East India Company.
See Racism and Discrimination against Chinese Indonesians
Discrimination based on skin tone
Discrimination based on skin tone, also known as colorism or shadeism, is a form of prejudice and discrimination in which people of certain ethnic groups, or people who are perceived as belonging to a different-skinned racial group, are treated differently based on their different skin tone. Racism and discrimination based on skin tone are politics and race.
See Racism and Discrimination based on skin tone
Discrimination in education
Discrimination in education is the act of discriminating against people belonging to certain demographics in enjoying full right to education.
See Racism and Discrimination in education
Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Prædicatorum; abbreviated OP), commonly known as the Dominican Order, is a Catholic mendicant order of pontifical right that was founded in France by a Castilian-French priest named Dominic de Guzmán.
See Racism and Dominican Order
Dreyfus affair
The Dreyfus affair (affaire Dreyfus) was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906.
Drinking fountain
A drinking fountain, also called a water fountain or water bubbler, is a fountain designed to provide drinking water.
See Racism and Drinking fountain
Duke University Press
Duke University Press is an academic publisher and university press affiliated with Duke University.
See Racism and Duke University Press
Durban riots
The Durban riots were an anti-Indian riot that took place between 13–15 January 1949, primarily by Black South Africans targeting South African Indians in Durban, South Africa.
Durham, North Carolina
Durham is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina and the county seat of Durham County.
See Racism and Durham, North Carolina
Early Islamic philosophy
Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE).
See Racism and Early Islamic philosophy
Early modern Europe
Early modern Europe, also referred to as the post-medieval period, is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the mid 15th century to the late 18th century.
See Racism and Early modern Europe
Early Muslim conquests
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (translit), also known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
See Racism and Early Muslim conquests
Economic discrimination
Economic discrimination is discrimination based on economic factors.
See Racism and Economic discrimination
Economic, social and cultural rights
Economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) are socio-economic human rights, such as the right to education, right to housing, right to an adequate standard of living, right to health, victims' rights and the right to science and culture.
See Racism and Economic, social and cultural rights
Economics
Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Edict
An edict is a decree or announcement of a law, often associated with monarchies, but it can be under any official authority.
See Racism and Edict
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva (born February 6, 1962) is an American sociologist and professor of sociology at Duke University.
See Racism and Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Edvard Beneš
Edvard Beneš (28 May 1884 – 3 September 1948) was a Czech politician and statesman who served as the president of Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1938, and again from 1939 to 1948.
Edwin Mellen Press
The Edwin Mellen Press, sometimes stylised as Mellen Press, is an academic publisher.
See Racism and Edwin Mellen Press
Egyptians
Egyptians (translit,; translit,; remenkhēmi) are an ethnic group native to the Nile Valley in Egypt.
Elizabeth Monroe (historian)
Elizabeth Monroe (16 January 1905 – 10 March 1986) was an English historian of South-west Asia.
See Racism and Elizabeth Monroe (historian)
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (3 May 174820 June 1836), usually known as the Abbé Sieyès, was a French Roman Catholic abbé, clergyman, and political writer who was the chief political theorist of the French Revolution (1789–1799); he also held offices in the governments of the French Consulate (1799–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815).
See Racism and Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
End of World War II in Europe
The final battles of the European theatre of World War II continued after the definitive surrender of Nazi Germany to the Allies, signed by Field marshal Wilhelm Keitel on 8 May 1945 (VE Day) in Karlshorst, Berlin.
See Racism and End of World War II in Europe
Endogamy
Endogamy is the cultural practice of mating within a specific social group, religious denomination, caste, or ethnic group, rejecting any from outside of the group or belief structure as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships.
English people
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture.
Enlightenment in Spain
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment (Ilustración) came to Spain in the 18th century with the new Bourbon dynasty, following the death of the last Habsburg monarch, Charles II, in 1700.
See Racism and Enlightenment in Spain
Environmental injustice in Europe
Environmental injustice is the exposure of poor and marginalised communities to a disproportionate share of environmental harms such as hazardous waste, when they do not receive benefits from the land uses that create these hazards.
See Racism and Environmental injustice in Europe
Environmental racism
Environmental racism, ecological racism, or ecological apartheid is a form of racism leading to negative environmental outcomes such as landfills, incinerators, and hazardous waste disposal disproportionately impacting communities of color, violating substantive equality.
See Racism and Environmental racism
Equal opportunity
Equal opportunity is a state of fairness in which individuals are treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers, prejudices, or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified.
See Racism and Equal opportunity
Equality of outcome
Equality of outcome, equality of condition, or equality of results is a political concept which is central to some political ideologies and is used in some political discourse, often in contrast to the term equality of opportunity.
See Racism and Equality of outcome
Eric Hobsbawm
Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm (9 June 1917 – 1 October 2012) was a British historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism and nationalism.
Ernest Gellner
Ernest André Gellner (9 December 1925 – 5 November 1995) was a British-Czech philosopher and social anthropologist described by The Daily Telegraph, when he died, as one of the world's most vigorous intellectuals, and by The Independent as a "one-man crusader for critical rationalism".
Ernest Renan
Joseph Ernest Renan (27 February 18232 October 1892) was a French Orientalist and Semitic scholar, writing on Semitic languages and civilizations, historian of religion, philologist, philosopher, biblical scholar, and critic.
Essentialism
Essentialism is the view that objects have a set of attributes that are necessary to their identity.
Estates General (France)
In France under the Ancien Régime, the Estates General (États généraux) or States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes (or estates) of French subjects.
See Racism and Estates General (France)
Ethics
Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena.
Ethiopians
Ethiopians are the native inhabitants of Ethiopia, as well as the global diaspora of Ethiopia.
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous.
See Racism and Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic conflict
An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups.
See Racism and Ethnic conflict
Ethnic hatred
Ethnic hatred, inter-ethnic hatred, racial hatred, or ethnic tension refers to notions and acts of prejudice and hostility towards an ethnic group to varying degrees. Racism and ethnic hatred are prejudice and discrimination by type.
Ethnic nationalism
Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethnonationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the nation and nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity, with emphasis on an ethnocentric (and in some cases an ethnocratic) approach to various political issues related to national affirmation of a particular ethnic group. Racism and ethnic nationalism are politics and race.
See Racism and Ethnic nationalism
Ethnic stereotype
An ethnic stereotype or racial stereotype involves part of a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group, their status, societal and cultural norms.
See Racism and Ethnic stereotype
Ethnicity
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology—as well as in colloquial English discourse—means to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead of using the standards of the particular culture involved.
Ethnology
Ethnology (from the ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Eugenics
Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population.
Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory
Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory is a history book about World War II in Europe, written by the English historian Norman Davies and first published by Macmillan in 2006.
See Racism and Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory
European colonization of the Americas
During the Age of Discovery, a large scale colonization of the Americas, involving a number of European countries, took place primarily between the late 15th century and the early 19th century.
See Racism and European colonization of the Americas
European Convention on Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR; formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe.
See Racism and European Convention on Human Rights
European exploration of Africa
The geography of North Africa has been reasonably well known among Europeans since classical antiquity in Greco-Roman geography.
See Racism and European exploration of Africa
European History Online
European History Online (Europäische Geschichte Online, EGO) is an academic website that publishes articles on the history of Europe between the period of 1450 and 1950 according to the principle of open access.
See Racism and European History Online
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
Evolutionary game theory
Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is the application of game theory to evolving populations in biology.
See Racism and Evolutionary game theory
Expo 58
Expo 58, also known as the 1958 Brussels World's Fair (Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Bruxelles de 1958, Brusselse Wereldtentoonstelling van 1958), was a world's fair held on the Heysel/Heizel Plateau in Brussels, Belgium, from 17 April to 19 October 1958.
Expulsion of Asians from Uganda
In early August 1972, the President of Uganda Idi Amin ordered the expulsion of his country's Indian minority, giving them 90 days to leave the country.
See Racism and Expulsion of Asians from Uganda
Facial recognition system
A facial recognition system is a technology potentially capable of matching a human face from a digital image or a video frame against a database of faces.
See Racism and Facial recognition system
Facing East from Indian Country
Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America is a work of Native American history by historian Daniel K. Richter that investigates the settlement of North America by Europeans from the perspective of American Indians.
See Racism and Facing East from Indian Country
Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II (10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516) was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516.
See Racism and Ferdinand II of Aragon
François Dominique de Reynaud, Comte de Montlosier
François Dominique de Reynaud, Comte de Montlosier (April 16, 1755, in Clermont-Ferrand – December 9, 1838), was a notable French politician and political writer during the First French Empire, Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy.
See Racism and François Dominique de Reynaud, Comte de Montlosier
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
France Winddance Twine
France Winddance Twine is a Black and Native American sociologist, ethnographer, visual artist, and documentary filmmaker.
See Racism and France Winddance Twine
Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton (16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911) was a British polymath and the originator of the behavioral genetics movement during the Victorian era.
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.
See Racism and Franco-Prussian War
Franks
Aristocratic Frankish burial items from the Merovingian dynasty The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum;; Francs.) were a western European people during the Roman Empire and Middle Ages.
Franz Boas
Franz Uri Boas (July 9, 1858 – December 21, 1942) was a German-American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology".
Frederick Hertz
Frederick Hertz (until 1946 Friedrich (Otto) Hertz, a pseudonym also: Germanus Liber; * 26 March 1878 in Vienna, † 20 November 1964 in London) was a British sociologist, economist and historian of Austrian origin.
See Racism and Frederick Hertz
French First Republic
In the history of France, the First Republic (Première République), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (République française), was founded on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution.
See Racism and French First Republic
French National Centre for Scientific Research
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe.
See Racism and French National Centre for Scientific Research
French people
The French people (lit) are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France.
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
See Racism and French Revolution
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars (Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802.
See Racism and French Revolutionary Wars
Frontiers Media
Frontiers Media SA is a publisher of peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journals currently active in science, technology, and medicine.
See Racism and Frontiers Media
Fundamental Rights Agency
The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, usually known in English as the Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), is a Vienna-based agency of the European Union inaugurated on 1 March 2007.
See Racism and Fundamental Rights Agency
Gallo-Roman culture
Gallo-Roman culture was a consequence of the Romanization of Gauls under the rule of the Roman Empire.
See Racism and Gallo-Roman culture
Gene-centered view of evolution
The gene-centered view of evolution, gene's eye view, gene selection theory, or selfish gene theory holds that adaptive evolution occurs through the differential survival of competing genes, increasing the allele frequency of those alleles whose phenotypic trait effects successfully promote their own propagation.
See Racism and Gene-centered view of evolution
Generalplan Ost
The (Master Plan for the East), abbreviated GPO, was Nazi Germany's plan for the genocide, extermination and large-scale ethnic cleansing of Slavs, Eastern European Jews, and other indigenous peoples of Eastern Europe categorized as "Untermenschen" in Nazi ideology.
See Racism and Generalplan Ost
Generations of Noah
The Generations of Noah, also called the Table of Nations or Origines Gentium, is a genealogy of the sons of Noah, according to the Hebrew Bible (Genesis), and their dispersion into many lands after the Flood, focusing on the major known societies.
See Racism and Generations of Noah
Genocide
Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, either in whole or in part.
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
The Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia (Геноцид над Србима у Независној Држави Хрватској) was the systematic persecution and extermination of Serbs committed during World War II by the fascist Ustaše regime in the Nazi German puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia (Независна Држава Хрватска, NDH) between 1941 and 1945.
See Racism and Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
Gentile
Gentile is a word that today usually means someone who is not Jewish.
Geography
Geography (from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία; combining 'Earth' and 'write') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher and one of the most influential figures of German idealism and 19th-century philosophy.
See Racism and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
George M. Fredrickson
George M. Fredrickson (July 16, 1934 – February 25, 2008) was an American author, activist, historian, and professor.
See Racism and George M. Fredrickson
Georges Vacher de Lapouge
Count Georges Vacher de Lapouge (12 December 1854 – 20 February 1936) was a French anthropologist and a theoretician of eugenics and scientific racism.
See Racism and Georges Vacher de Lapouge
German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war
During World War II, Soviet prisoners of war (POWs) held by Nazi Germany and primarily in the custody of the German Army were starved and subjected to deadly conditions.
See Racism and German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war
German colonial empire
The German colonial empire (Deutsches Kolonialreich) constituted the overseas colonies, dependencies, and territories of the German Empire.
See Racism and German colonial empire
German Empire
The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.
German Workers' Party
The German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, DAP) was a short-lived far-right political party established in Weimar Germany after World War I. It only lasted from 5 January 1919 until 24 February 1920.
See Racism and German Workers' Party
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.
See Racism and Germanic peoples
Gizmodo
Gizmodo is a design, technology, science, and science fiction website.
Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain
The golden age of Jewish culture in Spain, which coincided with the Middle Ages in Europe, was a period of Muslim rule during which Jews were accepted in society and Jewish religious, cultural, and economic life flourished.
See Racism and Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.
Greater East Asia Conference
was an international summit held in Tokyo from 5 to 6 November 1943, in which the Empire of Japan hosted leading politicians of various component parts of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
See Racism and Greater East Asia Conference
Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..
Greenwood Publishing Group
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio.
See Racism and Greenwood Publishing Group
Guilford Press
Guilford Press or Guilford Publications, Inc. is a New York City-based independent publisher founded in 1973 that specializes in publishing books and journals in psychology, psychiatry, the behavioral sciences, education, geography, and research methods.
Gunnar Myrdal
Karl Gunnar Myrdal (6 December 1898 – 17 May 1987) was a Swedish economist and sociologist.
Hadith
Hadith (translit) or Athar (أثر) is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad.
Hamites
Hamites is the name formerly used for some Northern and Horn of Africa peoples in the context of a now-outdated model of dividing humanity into different races; this was developed originally by Europeans in support of colonialism and slavery.
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese or the Han people, or colloquially known as the Chinese are an East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China.
Hannah Arendt
Hannah Arendt (born Johanna Arendt; 14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975) was a German-American historian and philosopher.
Hans Peder Steensby
Hans Peder Steensby (25 March 1875, Steensby, Skamby Sogn, Funen Island – 20 October 1920, aboard ship Frederik VIII) was an ethnographer, geographer and professor at the University of Copenhagen.
See Racism and Hans Peder Steensby
Harald Prins
Harald E. L. Prins (born 1951) is a Dutch anthropologist, ethnohistorian, filmmaker, and human rights activist specialized in North and South America's indigenous peoples and cultures.
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
See Racism and Harvard University
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
See Racism and Harvard University Press
Hate crime
A hate crime (also known a bias crime) is crime where a perpetrator targets a victim because of their physical appearance or perceived membership of a certain social group.
Hate speech
Hate speech is a term with varied meaning and has no single, consistent definition.
Heart of Darkness
Heart of Darkness is an 1899 novella by Polish-English novelist Joseph Conrad in which the sailor Charles Marlow tells his listeners the story of his assignment as steamer captain for a Belgian company in the African interior.
See Racism and Heart of Darkness
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
See Racism and Hebrew language
Hebrews
The Hebrews were an ancient Semitic-speaking people.
Henri de Boulainvilliers
Henri de Boulainvilliers (21 October 1658, Saint-Saire, Normandy – 23 January 1722, Paris) was a French nobleman, writer and historian.
See Racism and Henri de Boulainvilliers
Henry Clay
Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777June 29, 1852) was an American lawyer and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.
Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist, sociologist, and anthropologist.
See Racism and Herbert Spencer
Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
Herero and Nama genocide
The Herero and Nama genocide, formerly known also as the 'Herero and Namaqua genocide', was a campaign of ethnic extermination and collective punishment which was waged against the Herero (Ovaherero) and the Nama in German South West Africa (now Namibia) by the German Empire.
See Racism and Herero and Nama genocide
Heritability of IQ
Research on the heritability of IQ inquires into the degree of variation in IQ within a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population.
See Racism and Heritability of IQ
Hierarchical classification
Hierarchical classification is a system of grouping things according to a hierarchy.
See Racism and Hierarchical classification
Hierarchy
A hierarchy (from Greek:, from, 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another.
Hipster racism
Hipster racism is engaging in behaviors typically regarded as racist and defending them as being performed ironically or satirically.
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan is a book by Herbert P. Bix covering the reign of Emperor Shōwa of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989.
See Racism and Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
Historical trauma
Historical trauma or collective trauma refers to the cumulative emotional harm of an individual or generation caused by a traumatic experience or event.
See Racism and Historical trauma
Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
History
History (derived) is the systematic study and documentation of the human past.
History and Theory
History and Theory is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of Wesleyan University.
See Racism and History and Theory
History of Auvergne
The history of the Auvergne dates back to the early Middle Ages, when it was a historic province in south-central France.
See Racism and History of Auvergne
History of colonialism
independence. The historical phenomenon of colonization is one that stretches around the globe and across time.
See Racism and History of colonialism
History of far-right movements in France
The far-right (Extrême droite) tradition in France finds its origins in the Third Republic with Boulangism and the Dreyfus affair.
See Racism and History of far-right movements in France
History of religion
The history of religion refers to the written record of human religious feelings, thoughts, and ideas.
See Racism and History of religion
History of slavery
The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day.
See Racism and History of slavery
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.
See Racism and Holy Roman Empire
Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a human causes the death of another human.
Houston Stewart Chamberlain
Houston Stewart Chamberlain (9 September 1855 – 9 January 1927) was a British-German philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science.
See Racism and Houston Stewart Chamberlain
Howard Winant
Howard Winant (born 1946) is an American sociologist and race theorist.
HuffPost
HuffPost (The Huffington Post until 2017; often abbreviated as HuffPo) is an American progressive news website, with localized and international editions.
Human cannibalism
Human cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings.
See Racism and Human cannibalism
Human genetics
Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings.
Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint.
See Racism and Human Genome Project
Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,.
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
See Racism and Human Rights Watch
Human sacrifice
Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans as part of a ritual, which is usually intended to please or appease gods, a human ruler, public or jurisdictional demands for justice by capital punishment, an authoritative/priestly figure or spirits of dead ancestors or as a retainer sacrifice, wherein a monarch's servants are killed in order for them to continue to serve their master in the next life.
See Racism and Human sacrifice
Human skin color
Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues.
See Racism and Human skin color
Human zoo
Human zoos, also known as ethnological expositions, were public displays of people, usually in a so-called "natural" or "primitive" state.
Humanities
Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture, including certain fundamental questions asked by humans.
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula (IPA), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.
See Racism and Iberian Peninsula
Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldun (أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي.,, Arabic:; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 AH) was an Arab sociologist, philosopher, and historian widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and considered by many to be the father of historiography, sociology, economics, and demography studies.
Ibn Qutaybah
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī al-Marwazī better known simply as Ibn Qutaybah (Ibn Qutaybah; c. 828 – 13 November 889 CE / 213 – 15 Rajab 276 AH) was an Islamic scholar of Persian descent.
Identitarian movement
The Identitarian movement or Identitarianism is a pan-European nationalist, ethno-nationalist, far-right political ideology asserting the right of the European ethnic groups and white peoples to Western culture and territories exclusively.
See Racism and Identitarian movement
Identity (social science)
Identity is the set of qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, and/or expressions that characterize a person or a group.
See Racism and Identity (social science)
Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".
Idi Amin
Idi Amin Dada Oumee (30 May 192816 August 2003) was a Ugandan military officer and politician who served as the third president of Uganda from 1971 to 1979.
Imagined Communities
Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism is a book by Benedict Anderson about the development of national feeling in different eras and throughout different geographies across the world.
See Racism and Imagined Communities
Imitation of Life (novel)
Imitation of Life is a popular 1933 novel by Fannie Hurst that was adapted into two successful films for Universal Pictures: a 1934 film, and a 1959 remake.
See Racism and Imitation of Life (novel)
Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson–Reed Act, including the Asian Exclusion Act and National Origins Act, was a federal law that prevented immigration from Asia and set quotas on the number of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe.
See Racism and Immigration Act of 1924
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, also known as the Hart–Celler Act and more recently as the 1965 Immigration Act, is a landmark federal law passed by the 89th United States Congress and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
See Racism and Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
Imperialism
Imperialism is the practice, theory or attitude of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism).
Implicit attitude
Implicit attitudes are evaluations that occur without conscious awareness towards an attitude object or the self.
See Racism and Implicit attitude
Implicit cognition
Implicit cognition refers to cognitive processes that occur outside conscious awareness or conscious control.
See Racism and Implicit cognition
Implicit-association test
The implicit-association test (IAT) is an assessment intended to detect subconscious associations between mental representations of objects (concepts) in memory.
See Racism and Implicit-association test
In-group and out-group
In social psychology and sociology, an in-group is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member.
See Racism and In-group and out-group
In-group favoritism
In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group–out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members.
See Racism and In-group favoritism
Income
Income is the consumption and saving opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms.
Independent State of Croatia
The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
See Racism and Independent State of Croatia
Index of racism-related articles
This is a list of topics related to racism.
See Racism and Index of racism-related articles
Indian South Africans
Indian South Africans are South Africans who descend from indentured labourers and free migrants who arrived from British India during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
See Racism and Indian South Africans
Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences.
See Racism and Indiana University Press
Indigenous peoples
There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model.
See Racism and Indigenous peoples
Indo-Fijians
Indo-Fijians (Fiji ke Hindustani), also known as Indian Fijians (also colloquially known as "Findians" or "Findus"), are Fijian citizens of South Asian descent, and include people who trace their ancestry to various regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution.
See Racism and Industrial Revolution
Injustice
Injustice is a quality relating to unfairness or undeserved outcomes.
Inquisition
The Inquisition was a judicial procedure and a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, apostasy, blasphemy, witchcraft, and customs considered deviant.
Institut de l'information scientifique et technique
The Institut de l'information scientifique et technique, or INIST (Institute of Scientific and Technical Information) is the CNRS centre of documentation located in France.
See Racism and Institut de l'information scientifique et technique
Institution
An institution is a humanly devised structure of rules and norms that shape and constrain social behavior.
Institutional racism
Institutional racism, also known as systemic racism, is defined as policies and practices that exist throughout a whole society or organization that result in and support a continued unfair advantage to some people and unfair or harmful treatment of others based on race or ethnic group.
See Racism and Institutional racism
Institutions of the European Union
The institutions of the European Union are the seven principal decision-making bodies of the European Union and the Euratom governed under the Treaties of the European Union and European Union law.
See Racism and Institutions of the European Union
Intellectual history
Intellectual history (also the history of ideas) is the study of the history of human thought and of intellectuals, people who conceptualize, discuss, write about, and concern themselves with ideas.
See Racism and Intellectual history
Intelligence quotient
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardised tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence.
See Racism and Intelligence quotient
Internal resistance to apartheid
Internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa originated from several independent sectors of South African society and took forms ranging from social movements and passive resistance to guerrilla warfare.
See Racism and Internal resistance to apartheid
International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, sometimes League of Nations Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, was an advisory organisation for the League of Nations which aimed to promote international exchange between scientists, researchers, teachers, artists and intellectuals.
See Racism and International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a United Nations convention.
See Racism and International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
International Herald Tribune
The International Herald Tribune (IHT) was a daily English-language newspaper published in Paris, France, for international English-speaking readers.
See Racism and International Herald Tribune
International Journal of Discrimination and the Law
The International Journal of Discrimination and the Law is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of law in connection with discrimination.
See Racism and International Journal of Discrimination and the Law
Interwar period
In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period (or interbellum) lasted from 11November 1918 to 1September 1939 (20years, 9months, 21days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II (WWII).
See Racism and Interwar period
Isabella I of Castile
Isabella I (Isabel I; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504), also called Isabella the Catholic (Spanish: Isabel la Católica), was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504.
See Racism and Isabella I of Castile
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See Racism and Islam
J'Accuse...!
"J'Accuse...!" ("I Accuse...!") is an open letter, written by Émile Zola in response to the events of the Dreyfus affair, that was published on 13 January 1898 in the newspaper L'Aurore.
Jennifer Eberhardt
Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt (born January 1, 1965) is an American social psychologist who is currently a professor in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University.
See Racism and Jennifer Eberhardt
Jewish Virtual Library
The Jewish Virtual Library (JVL, formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American foreign policy analyst Mitchell Bard's non-profit organization American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).
See Racism and Jewish Virtual Library
Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
See Racism and Jews
Joe Feagin
Joe Richard Feagin (born May 6, 1938) is an American sociologist and social theorist who has conducted extensive research on racial and gender issues in the United States.
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (11 May 1752 – 22 January 1840) was a German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist.
See Racism and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottfried von Herder (25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic.
See Racism and Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.
See Racism and Johann Gottlieb Fichte
John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant.
See Racism and John Stuart Mill
John Tooby
John Tooby (July 26, 1952 – November 10, 2023) was an American anthropologist who, together with his psychologist wife Leda Cosmides, pioneered the field of evolutionary psychology.
Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
See Racism and Johns Hopkins University Press
Joice Heth
Joice Heth (c. 1756 February 19, 1836)"Joice Heth", Hoaxes.org was an African-American woman who was exhibited by P.T. Barnum with the false claim that she was the 161-year-old nursing mammy of George Washington.
Joseph Conrad
Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski,; 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Polish-British novelist and story writer.
Journal of Conflict Resolution
The Journal of Conflict Resolution is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on international conflict and conflict resolution.
See Racism and Journal of Conflict Resolution
Journal of Genocide Research
The Journal of Genocide Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering studies of genocide.
See Racism and Journal of Genocide Research
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Psychological Association that was established in 1965.
See Racism and Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Journal of the History of Ideas
The Journal of the History of Ideas is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering intellectual history, conceptual history, and the history of ideas, including the histories of philosophy, literature and the arts, natural and social sciences, religion, and political thought.
See Racism and Journal of the History of Ideas
Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda (1490 – 17 November 1573) was a Spanish humanist, philosopher, and theologian of the Spanish Renaissance.
See Racism and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
Judaism
Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.
Judeo-Christian
The term Judeo-Christian is used to group Christianity and Judaism together, either in reference to Christianity's derivation from Judaism, Christianity's recognition of Jewish scripture to constitute the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or values supposed to be shared by the two religions.
See Racism and Judeo-Christian
Jules Michelet
Jules Michelet (21 August 1798 – 9 February 1874) was a French historian and writer.
Julian Huxley
Sir Julian Sorell Huxley (22 June 1887 – 14 February 1975) was a British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist, and internationalist.
Junk science
Junk science is spurious or fraudulent scientific data, research, or analysis.
Kanak people
The Kanaks (French spelling until 1984: Canaque) are the indigenous Melanesian inhabitants of New Caledonia, an overseas collectivity of France in the southwest Pacific.
Khoekhoe
Khoekhoe (/ˈkɔɪkɔɪ/ ''KOY-koy'') (or Khoikhoi in former orthography) are the traditionally nomadic pastoralist indigenous population of South Africa.
Khoisan
Khoisan, or Khoe-Sān, is a catch-all term for the indigenous peoples of Southern Africa who traditionally speak non-Bantu languages, combining the Khoekhoen (formerly "Hottentots") and the Sān peoples (also called "Bushmen").
Kin selection
Kin selection is a process whereby natural selection favours a trait due to its positive effects on the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even when at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction.
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan, commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is the name of several historical and current American white supremacist, far-right terrorist organizations and hate groups.
L'Assommoir
, published as a serial in 1876, and in book form in 1877, is the seventh novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart.
L. Frank Baum
Lyman Frank Baum (May 15, 1856 – May 6, 1919) was an American author best known for his children's fantasy books, particularly The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, part of a series.
La Bête humaine
(English: The Beast Within or The Beast in Man) is an 1890 novel by Émile Zola.
See Racism and La Bête humaine
Labeling theory
Labeling theory posits that self-identity and the behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them.
See Racism and Labeling theory
Labour movement
The labour movement is the collective organisation of working people to further their shared political and economic interests.
See Racism and Labour movement
Language
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.
Law
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate.
See Racism and Law
Law for Protection of the Nation
The Law for Protection of the Nation (Закон за защита на нацията — ЗЗН) was a Bulgarian law, effective from 23 January 1941 to 27 November 1944, which directed measures against Jews and others whose legal definition it established.
See Racism and Law for Protection of the Nation
Law of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has three distinctly different legal systems, each of which derives from a particular geographical area for a variety of historical reasons: English law, Scots law, Northern Ireland law, and, since 2007, calls for a fourth type, that of purely Welsh law as a result of Welsh devolution, with further calls for a Welsh justice system.
See Racism and Law of the United Kingdom
Léon Poliakov
Léon Poliakov (Лев Поляков; 25 November 1910, Saint Petersburg – 8 December 1997, Orsay) was a French historian who wrote extensively on the Holocaust and antisemitism and wrote The Aryan Myth.
Le Docteur Pascal
(Doctor Pascal) is the twentieth and final novel of the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola, first published in June 1893 by Charpentier.
See Racism and Le Docteur Pascal
Le Monde diplomatique
(meaning "The Diplomatic World", and shortened as Le Diplo in French) is a French monthly newspaper founded in 1954 offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs.
See Racism and Le Monde diplomatique
Lebensraum
Lebensraum (living space) is a German concept of expansionism and ''Völkisch'' nationalism, the philosophy and policies of which were common to German politics from the 1890s to the 1940s.
Leda Cosmides
Leda Cosmides (born May 1957) is an American psychologist, who, together with anthropologist husband John Tooby, pioneered the field of evolutionary psychology.
Legislation on Chinese Indonesians
Indonesian law affecting Chinese-Indonesians were conducted through a series of laws, directives, or constitutions enacted by the Government of Indonesia that affected the lives of Chinese Indonesians or Chinese nationals living in Indonesia since the nation's independence.
See Racism and Legislation on Chinese Indonesians
Leibniz Institute of European History
The Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG) in Mainz, Germany, is an independent, public research institute that carries out and promotes historical research on the foundations of Europe in the early and late Modern period.
See Racism and Leibniz Institute of European History
Leopold II of Belgium
Leopold II (Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor; Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor; 9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909) was the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909, and the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908.
See Racism and Leopold II of Belgium
Les Rougon-Macquart
Les Rougon-Macquart is the collective title given to a cycle of twenty novels by French writer Émile Zola.
See Racism and Les Rougon-Macquart
Levée en masse
Levée en masse (or, in English, ''mass levy'') is a French term used for a policy of mass national conscription, often in the face of invasion.
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.
Life unworthy of life
The phrase "life unworthy of life" (Lebensunwertes Leben) was a Nazi designation for the segments of the populace which, according to the Nazi regime, had no right to live.
See Racism and Life unworthy of life
Limpieza de sangre
Limpieza de sangre, also known as limpeza de sangue or neteja de sang, literally 'cleanliness of blood' and meaning 'blood purity', was a racially discriminatory term used in the Spanish and Portuguese Empires during the early modern period to refer to those who were considered to be Old Christians by virtue of not having Muslim, Jewish, Romani, or Agote ancestors.
See Racism and Limpieza de sangre
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
Longman
Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.
Lothrop Stoddard
Theodore Lothrop Stoddard (June 29, 1883 – May 1, 1950) was an American historian, journalist, political scientist and white supremacist.
See Racism and Lothrop Stoddard
Lou Jing
Lou Jing (born 1989) is a Chinese talent show contestant from Shanghai.
Luce–Celler Act
The Luce–Celler Act of 1946, Pub.
See Racism and Luce–Celler Act
M. E. Sharpe
M.
Madison Grant
Madison Grant (November 19, 1865 – May 30, 1937) was an American lawyer, zoologist, anthropologist, and writer known for his work as a conservationist, eugenicist, and advocate of scientific racism.
March 1933 German federal election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 5 March 1933, after the Nazi seizure of power on 30 January 1933 and just six days after the Reichstag fire.
See Racism and March 1933 German federal election
Marquis of Pombal (title)
Count of Oeiras was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree, dated July 15, 1759, by King Joseph I of Portugal, and granted to Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Chief Minister of the Portuguese government.
See Racism and Marquis of Pombal (title)
Marxism
Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
The massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia (lit; translit) were carried out in German-occupied Poland by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) with the support of parts of the local Ukrainian population against the Polish minority in Volhynia, Eastern Galicia, parts of Polesia and the Lublin region from 1943 to 1945.
See Racism and Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
Master race
The master race (Herrenrasse) is a pseudoscientific concept in Nazi ideology in which the putative "Aryan race" is deemed the pinnacle of human racial hierarchy.
Maulana Karenga
Maulana Ndabezitha Karenga (born Ronald McKinley Everett, July 14, 1941), previously known as Ron Karenga, is an American activist, author and professor of Africana studies, best known as the creator of the pan-African and African-American holiday of Kwanzaa.
See Racism and Maulana Karenga
Maurice Barrès
Auguste-Maurice Barrès (19 August 1862 – 4 December 1923) was a French novelist, journalist, philosopher, and politician.
May 1998 riots of Indonesia
The May 1998 Indonesia riots (Kerusuhan Mei 1998), also known colloquially as the 1998 tragedy (Tragedi 1998) or simply the 98 event (Peristiwa 98), were incidents of mass violence, revolutionary protests, and civil unrest in Indonesia in May 1998.
See Racism and May 1998 riots of Indonesia
Mbuti people
The Mbuti people, or Bambuti, are one of several indigenous pygmy groups in the Congo region of Africa.
Mediterranean race
The Mediterranean race (also Mediterranid race) is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race.
See Racism and Mediterranean race
Mein Kampf
Mein Kampf is a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler.
Memory confusion protocol
The memory confusion protocol is a technique used by social psychologists to discover whether subjects are categorizing individuals into groups and, if so, what characteristics they are using to do so – without the knowledge of the subjects, in order to reduce the risk that subjects will try to conceal their reasons.
See Racism and Memory confusion protocol
Metic
In ancient Greece, a metic (Ancient Greek:,: from,, indicating change, and, 'dwelling') was a resident of Athens and some other cities who was a citizen of another polis.
See Racism and Metic
Michael Omi
Michael Omi (born 1951) is an American sociologist, writer, scholar, and educator.
Michel Foucault
Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 192625 June 1984) was a French historian of ideas and philosopher who also served as an author, literary critic, political activist, and teacher.
See Racism and Michel Foucault
Microaggression
Microaggression is a term used for commonplace verbal, behavioral or environmental slights, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative attitudes toward those of different races, cultures, beliefs, or genders.
See Racism and Microaggression
Middle East and North Africa
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA), also referred to as West Asia and North Africa (WANA) or South West Asia and North Africa (SWANA), is a geographic region which comprises the Middle East and North Africa together.
See Racism and Middle East and North Africa
Middle French
Middle French (moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th century.
Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion (Arbeids- og inkluderingsdepartementet, AID) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1846.
See Racism and Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion
Minority group
The term "minority group" has different usages, depending on the context.
Minority stress
Minority stress describes high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups.
See Racism and Minority stress
Miscegenation
Miscegenation is marriage or admixture between people who are members of different races.
Modern synthesis (20th century)
The modern synthesis was the early 20th-century synthesis of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's ideas on heredity into a joint mathematical framework.
See Racism and Modern synthesis (20th century)
Monogenism
Monogenism or sometimes monogenesis is the theory of human origins which posits a common descent for all human races.
Montana
Montana is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.
Moors
The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim populations of the Maghreb, al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages.
See Racism and Moors
Morality
Morality is the categorization of intentions, decisions and actions into those that are proper (right) and those that are improper (wrong).
Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, also known as the Arab conquest of Spain, by the Umayyad Caliphate occurred between approximately 711 and the 720s.
See Racism and Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest.
Nama people
Nama (in older sources also called Namaqua) are an African ethnic group of South Africa, Namibia and Botswana.
Nana (novel)
Nana is a novel by the French naturalist author Émile Zola.
Nanjing
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city has 11 districts, an administrative area of, and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports.
Nanjing anti-African protests
The Nanjing anti-African protests were mass demonstrations and riots against African students in Nanjing, China, which lasted from December 1988 to the following January.
See Racism and Nanjing anti-African protests
Naples
Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.
See Racism and Napoleonic Wars
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi (1201 – 1274), also known as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (نصیر الدین الطوسی; نصیر الدین طوسی) or simply as (al-)Tusi, was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian.
See Racism and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Nation
A nation is a large type of social organization where a collective identity, a national identity, has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, territory or society.
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America
The National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N'COBRA) is an organization that advocates for financial compensation for the descendants of former slaves in the United States.
See Racism and National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America
National Party (South Africa)
The National Party (Nasionale Party, NP), also known as the Nationalist Party, was a political party in South Africa from 1914 to 1997, which was responsible for the implementation of apartheid rule. Racism and National Party (South Africa) are politics and race.
See Racism and National Party (South Africa)
Nationalism
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state.
Nationality
Nationality is the legal status of belonging to a particular nation, defined as a group of people organized in one country, under one legal jurisdiction, or as a group of people who are united on the basis of culture.
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans, sometimes called American Indians, First Americans, or Indigenous Americans, are the Indigenous peoples native to portions of the land that the United States is located on.
See Racism and Native Americans in the United States
Nativism (politics)
Nativism is the political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of native-born or indigenous inhabitants over those of immigrants, including the support of anti-immigration and immigration-restriction measures.
See Racism and Nativism (politics)
Natural law
Natural law (ius naturale, lex naturalis) is a system of law based on a close observation of natural order and human nature, from which values, thought by natural law's proponents to be intrinsic to human nature, can be deduced and applied independently of positive law (the express enacted laws of a state or society).
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
See Racism and Natural selection
Naturalization
Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-national of a country acquires the nationality of that country after birth.
Naturalization Act of 1790
The Naturalization Act of 1790 (enacted March 26, 1790) was a law of the United States Congress that set the first uniform rules for the granting of United States citizenship by naturalization.
See Racism and Naturalization Act of 1790
Nazi eugenics
The social policies of eugenics in Nazi Germany were composed of various ideas about genetics.
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.
Nazi war crimes in occupied Poland during World War II
Crimes against the Polish nation committed by Nazi Germany and Axis collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, included the genocide of millions of Polish people, especially the systematic extermination of Jewish Poles.
See Racism and Nazi war crimes in occupied Poland during World War II
Nazism
Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.
Ne Win
Ne Win (နေဝင်း;; 24 May 1911 – 5 December 2002), born Shu Maung, was a Burmese army general, politician and military commander who served as Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974, and also President of Burma from 1962 to 1981.
Negro
In the English language, the term negro (or sometimes negress for a female) is a term historically used to refer to people of Black African heritage.
See Racism and Negro
Negroid
Negroid (less commonly called Congoid) is an obsolete racial grouping of various people indigenous to Africa south of the area which stretched from the southern Sahara desert in the west to the African Great Lakes in the southeast, but also to isolated parts of South and Southeast Asia (Negritos).
Net worth
Net worth is the value of all the non-financial and financial assets owned by an individual or institution minus the value of all its outstanding liabilities.
New Caledonia
New Caledonia (Nouvelle-Calédonie) is a ''sui generis'' collectivity of overseas France in the southwest Pacific Ocean, south of Vanuatu, about east of Australia, and from Metropolitan France.
New Christian
New Christian (Novus Christianus; Cristiano Nuevo; Cristão-Novo; Cristià Nou; Kristiano muevo) was a socio-religious designation and legal distinction in the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire.
New Imperialism
In historical contexts, New Imperialism characterizes a period of colonial expansion by European powers, the United States, and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
See Racism and New Imperialism
New Scientist
New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.
New Statesman
The New Statesman (known from 1931 to 1964 as the New Statesman and Nation) is a British political and cultural news magazine published in London.
New World
The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
Nicolas Fréret
Nicolas Fréret (15 February 1688 – 8 March 1749) was a French scholar.
Nigger
In the English language, nigger is a racial slur directed at black people.
Nonviolent resistance
Nonviolent resistance, or nonviolent action, sometimes called civil resistance, is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, constructive program, or other methods, while refraining from violence and the threat of violence.
See Racism and Nonviolent resistance
Nordic race
The Nordic race is an obsolete racial concept which originated in 19th-century anthropology.
Nordicism
Nordicism is an ideology which views the historical race concept of the "Nordic race" as an endangered and superior racial group.
Norman Davies
Ivor Norman Richard Davies (born 8 June 1939) is a British and Polish historian, known for his publications on the history of Europe, Poland and the United Kingdom.
Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions.
See Racism and Northern Europe
Notes on the State of Virginia
Notes on the State of Virginia (1785) is a book written by the American statesman, philosopher, and planter Thomas Jefferson.
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NPR
National Public Radio (NPR, stylized as npr) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California.
See Racism and NPR
Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Laws (Nürnberger Gesetze) were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party.
Objectification
In social philosophy, objectification is the act of treating a person as an object or a thing.
See Racism and Objectification
Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)
The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II (1939–1945) began with the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945.
See Racism and Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is a department of the United Nations Secretariat that works to promote and protect human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
See Racism and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Old Christian
Old Christian (cristiano viejo, cristão-velho, cristià vell) was a social and law-effective category used in the Iberian Peninsula from the late 15th and early 16th century onwards, to distinguish Portuguese and Spanish people attested as having cleanliness of blood, known as Limpieza de sangre, from the populations categorized as New Christian.
Oppression
Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment of, or exercise of power over, a group of individuals, often in the form of governmental authority or cultural opprobrium.
Orangutan
Orangutans are great apes native to the rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia.
Oregon State University
Oregon State University (OSU) is a public land-grant research university based in Corvallis, Oregon.
See Racism and Oregon State University
Orientalism
In art history, literature and cultural studies, orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects of the Eastern world (or "Orient") by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world.
Ota Benga
Ota Benga (– March 20, 1916) was a Mbuti (Congo pygmy) man, known for being featured in an exhibit at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri, and as a human zoo exhibit in 1906 at the Bronx Zoo.
Other (philosophy)
Other is a term used to define another person or people as separate from oneself.
See Racism and Other (philosophy)
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese people are those of Chinese birth or ethnicity who reside outside mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau.
See Racism and Overseas Chinese
Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
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P. T. Barnum
Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5, 1810 – April 7, 1891) was an American showman, businessman and politician remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and founding the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus with James Anthony Bailey.
Palace of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles (château de Versailles) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France.
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Paleogenetics
Paleogenetics is the study of the past through the examination of preserved genetic material from the remains of ancient organisms.
Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (al-wiḥda al-ʿarabīyyah) is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world.
Pan-German League
The Pan-German League (Alldeutscher Verband) was a Pan-German nationalist organization which was officially founded in 1891, a year after the Zanzibar Treaty was signed.
See Racism and Pan-German League
Pan-Germanism
Pan-Germanism (Pangermanismus or Alldeutsche Bewegung), also occasionally known as Pan-Germanicism, is a pan-nationalist political idea.
Pan-Slavism
Pan-Slavism, a movement that took shape in the mid-19th century, is the political ideology concerned with promoting integrity and unity for the Slavic people.
Pan-Turkism
Pan-Turkism (Pan-Türkizm) or Turkism (or Türkizm|) is a political movement that emerged during the 1880s among Turkic intellectuals who lived in the Russian region of Kazan (Tatarstan), South Caucasus (modern-day Azerbaijan) and the Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey), with its aim being the cultural and political unification of all Turkic peoples.
Pantheon Books
Pantheon Books is an American book publishing imprint.
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).
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Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
The Paris Peace Conference was a set of formal and informal diplomatic meetings in 1919 and 1920 after the end of World War I, in which the victorious Allies set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.
See Racism and Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to a country or state.
PBS
The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.
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PBS News Hour
PBS News Hour, previously stylized as PBS NewsHour, is an American evening television news program broadcast on over 350 PBS member stations since October 20, 1975.
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (Westfälischer Friede) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster.
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Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.
Persecution of Muslims in Myanmar
There is a history of persecution of Muslims in Myanmar that continues to the present day.
See Racism and Persecution of Muslims in Myanmar
Person of color
The term "person of color" (people of color or persons of color; abbreviated POC) is primarily used to describe any person who is not considered "white".
See Racism and Person of color
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin is a scientific journal published monthly published by SAGE Publications for the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP).
See Racism and Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Personality and Social Psychology Review
Personality and Social Psychology Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology.
See Racism and Personality and Social Psychology Review
Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith
Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, subtitled Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, is the academic publication of the American Scientific Affiliation.
See Racism and Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
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Philosophy
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.
Philosophy of history
Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and its discipline.
See Racism and Philosophy of history
Phrenology
Phrenology or craniology is a pseudoscience that involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits.
Physiognomy
Physiognomy (from the Greek φύσις,, meaning "nature", and, meaning "judge" or "interpreter") or face reading is the practice of assessing a person's character or personality from their outer appearance—especially the face.
Pierre-André Taguieff
Pierre-André Taguieff (born 4 August 1946) is a French philosopher who has specialised in the study of racism and antisemitism.
See Racism and Pierre-André Taguieff
Polish people
Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.
Political cartoon
A political cartoon, also known as an editorial cartoon, is a cartoon graphic with caricatures of public figures, expressing the artist's opinion.
See Racism and Political cartoon
Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values.
See Racism and Political movement
Polygenism
Polygenism is a theory of human origins which posits the view that the human races are of different origins (polygenesis).
Pontiac's War
Pontiac's War (also known as Pontiac's Conspiracy or Pontiac's Rebellion) was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of Native Americans who were dissatisfied with British rule in the Great Lakes region following the French and Indian War (1754–1763).
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
From 1930 to 1952, the government of the Soviet Union, on the orders of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin under the direction of the NKVD official Lavrentiy Beria, forcibly transferred populations of various groups.
See Racism and Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.
Positivism
Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive—meaning ''a posteriori'' facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.
Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the social production of an effect that determines the capacities, actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors.
See Racism and Power (social and political)
Prehistory
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.
Prejudice
Prejudice can be an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group membership.
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Racism and Princeton University Press
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.
See Racism and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Prostitution
Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment.
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.
Psychiatry
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of deleterious mental conditions.
Psychoanalysis
PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: +. is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge.
Psychological Review
Psychological Review is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers psychological theory.
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Psychological Science
Psychological Science, the flagship journal of the Association for Psychological Science, is a monthly, peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by SAGE Publications.
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Public policy
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs.
Pygmy peoples
In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short.
Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
See Racism and Quran
Race & Class
Race & Class is a peer-reviewed academic journal on contemporary racism and imperialism.
Race (human categorization)
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society.
See Racism and Race (human categorization)
Race and genetics
Researchers have investigated the relationship between race and genetics as part of efforts to understand how biology may or may not contribute to human racial categorization.
See Racism and Race and genetics
Race and sexuality
Concepts of race and sexuality have interacted in various ways in different historical contexts.
See Racism and Race and sexuality
Race in horror films
Depictions of race in horror films has been the subject of commentary by fans and academics.
See Racism and Race in horror films
Racial antisemitism
Racial antisemitism is prejudice against Jews based on a belief or assertion that Jews constitute a distinct race that has inherent traits or characteristics that appear in some way abhorrent or inherently inferior or otherwise different from the traits or characteristics of the rest of a society.
See Racism and Racial antisemitism
Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
Racial biases are a form of implicit bias, which refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect an individual's understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner.
See Racism and Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
Racial bias on Wikipedia
The English Wikipedia has been criticized for having a systemic racial bias in its coverage.
See Racism and Racial bias on Wikipedia
Racial color blindness
Racial color blindness refers to the belief that a person's race or ethnicity should not influence their legal or social treatment in society.
See Racism and Racial color blindness
Racial discrimination
Racial discrimination is any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their race, ancestry, ethnicity, and/or skin color and hair texture.
See Racism and Racial discrimination
Racial equality
Racial equality is when people of all races and ethnicities are treated in an egalitarian/equal manner.
See Racism and Racial equality
Racial Equality Proposal
The was an amendment to the Treaty of Versailles that was considered at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.
See Racism and Racial Equality Proposal
Racial hygiene
The term racial hygiene was used to describe an approach to eugenics in the early 20th century, which found its most extensive implementation in Nazi Germany (Nazi eugenics).
Racial literacy
Racial literacy is a concept developed by sociologist France Winddance Twine.
See Racism and Racial literacy
Racial policy of Nazi Germany
The racial policy of Nazi Germany was a set of policies and laws implemented in Nazi Germany under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler, based on pseudoscientific and racist doctrines asserting the superiority of the putative "Aryan race", which claimed scientific legitimacy.
See Racism and Racial policy of Nazi Germany
Racial segregation
Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Racism and racial segregation are politics and race.
See Racism and Racial segregation
Racial segregation in the United States
Facilities and services such as housing, healthcare, education, employment, and transportation have been systematically separated in the United States based on racial categorizations.
See Racism and Racial segregation in the United States
Racialization
Racialization or ethnicization is a sociological concept used to describe the intent and processes by which ethnic or racial identities are systematically constructed within a society.
Raciolinguistics
Raciolinguistics examines how language is used to construct race and how ideas of race influence language and language use.
See Racism and Raciolinguistics
Racism in China
Racism in China arises from Chinese history, nationalism, sinicization, and other factors.
See Racism and Racism in China
Racism in the Arab world
In the Arab world, racism targets non-Arabs and the expat majority of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf coming from South Asian (Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh) groups as well as Black, European, and Asian groups that are Muslim; non-Arab ethnic minorities such as Armenians, Africans, the Saqaliba, Southeast Asians, Jews, Kurds, and Coptic Christians, Assyrians, Persians, Turks, and other Turkic peoples, and South Asians living in Arab countries of the Middle East.
See Racism and Racism in the Arab world
Racism in the LGBT community
Racism is a concern for many in the Western lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) communities, with members of racial, ethnic, and national minorities reporting having faced discrimination from other LGBT people.
See Racism and Racism in the LGBT community
Random House
Random House is an imprint and publishing group of Penguin Random House.
Rassenschande
Rassenschande ("racial shame") or Blutschande ("blood disgrace") was an anti-miscegenation concept in Nazi German racial policy, pertaining to sexual relations between Aryans and non-Aryans.
Reconquista
The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for "reconquest") or the reconquest of al-Andalus was the successful series of military campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Umayyad Caliphate.
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.
Redlining
Redlining is a discriminatory practice in which financial services are withheld from neighborhoods that have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities.
Referendum
A referendum (referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue.
Reuters
Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.
Reverse discrimination
Reverse discrimination is a term used to describe discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group, in favor of members of a minority or historically disadvantaged group.
See Racism and Reverse discrimination
Reverse racism
Reverse racism, sometimes referred to as reverse discrimination, is the concept that affirmative action and similar color-conscious programs for redressing racial inequality are forms of anti-white racism.
Revolutions of 1848
The revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the springtime of the peoples or the springtime of nations, were a series of revolutions throughout Europe over the course of more than one year, from 1848 to 1849.
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Richard Dawkins
Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) is a British evolutionary biologist, zoologist, and author.
See Racism and Richard Dawkins
Right of conquest
The right of conquest was historically a right of ownership to land after immediate possession via force of arms.
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Robert G. Hoyland
Robert G. Hoyland (born 1966) is a historian, specializing in the medieval history of the Middle East.
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Robert Kurzban
Robert Kurzban is an American freelance writer and former psychology professor specializing in evolutionary psychology.
Robert Mugabe
Robert Gabriel Mugabe (21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017.
Romani Holocaust
The Romani Holocaust was the planned effort by Nazi Germany and its World War II allies and collaborators to commit ethnic cleansing and eventually genocide against European Roma and Sinti peoples during the Holocaust era.
See Racism and Romani Holocaust
Romani people
The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani and colloquially known as the Roma (Rom), are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle.
Romantic nationalism
Romantic nationalism (also national romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of nationalism in which the state claims its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs.
See Racism and Romantic nationalism
Romantic racism
Romantic racism is a form of racism in which members of a dominant group project their fantasies onto members of oppressed groups.
See Racism and Romantic racism
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Rowman & Littlefield
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.
See Racism and Rowman & Littlefield
Rudyard Kipling
Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936)The Times, (London) 18 January 1936, p. 12.
See Racism and Rudyard Kipling
Russians
Russians (russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe.
Rutgers University Press
Rutgers University Press (RUP) is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.
See Racism and Rutgers University Press
Rwandan genocide
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred between 7 April and 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War.
See Racism and Rwandan genocide
Sage Publishing
Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.
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Santa Clara University
Santa Clara University is a private Jesuit university in Santa Clara, California, United States.
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Sarah Baartman
Sarah Baartman (1789 – 29 December 1815), also spelled Sara, sometimes in the diminutive form Saartje, or Saartjie, and Bartman, Bartmann, was a Khoikhoi woman who was exhibited as a freak show attraction in 19th-century Europe under the name Hottentot Venus, a name that was later attributed to at least one other woman similarly exhibited.
Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Scientific American
Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.
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Scientific racism
Scientific racism, sometimes termed biological racism, is the pseudoscientific belief that the human species is divided into biologically distinct taxa called "races", and that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racial discrimination, racial inferiority, or racial superiority.
See Racism and Scientific racism
Scythians
The Scythians or Scyths (but note Scytho- in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained established from the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC.
Second Congo War
The Second Congo War, also known as Africa's World War, the Great War of Africa, or the Great African War, began in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 2 August 1998, little more than a year after the First Congo War, and involved some of the same issues.
See Racism and Second Congo War
Semitic people
Semitic people or Semites is an obsolete term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group by: "In linguistics context, the term "Semitic" is generally speaking non-controversial...
Sephardic Jews
Sephardic Jews (Djudíos Sefardíes), also known as Sephardi Jews or Sephardim, and rarely as Iberian Peninsular Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal).
Serbs
The Serbs (Srbi) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history, and language.
See Racism and Serbs
Settler colonialism
Settler colonialism occurs when colonizers and settlers invade and occupy territory to permanently replace the existing society with the society of the colonizers.
See Racism and Settler colonialism
Sharpeville massacre
The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960 at the police station in the township of Sharpeville in the then Transvaal Province of the then Union of South Africa (today part of Gauteng).
See Racism and Sharpeville massacre
Shōwa era
The was the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Shōwa (commonly known in English as Emperor Hirohito) from December 25, 1926, until his death on January 7, 1989.
Shimane Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu.
See Racism and Shimane Prefecture
Sick man of Europe
"Sick man of Europe" is a label given to a state located in Europe experiencing economic difficulties, social unrest or impoverishment.
See Racism and Sick man of Europe
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.
Sinocentrism
Sinocentrism refers to a worldview that China is the cultural, political, or economic center of the world.
Slavery in contemporary Africa
The continent of Africa is one of the regions most rife with contemporary slavery.
See Racism and Slavery in contemporary Africa
Slavs
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.
See Racism and Slavs
Social anthropology
Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures.
See Racism and Social anthropology
Social class
A social class or social stratum is a grouping of people into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the working class, middle class, and upper class.
Social conflict
Social conflict is the struggle for agency or power in society.
See Racism and Social conflict
Social constructivism
Social constructivism is a sociological theory of knowledge according to which human development is socially situated, and knowledge is constructed through interaction with others.
See Racism and Social constructivism
Social control
Social control is the regulations, sanctions, mechanisms, and systems that restrict the behaviour of individuals in accordance with social norms and orders.
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is the study and implementation of various pseudoscientific theories and societal practices that purport to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics and politics.
See Racism and Social Darwinism
Social degeneration
Social degeneration was a widely influential concept at the interface of the social and biological sciences in the 18th and 19th centuries.
See Racism and Social degeneration
Social dynamics
Social dynamics (or sociodynamics) is the study of the behavior of groups and of the interactions of individual group members, aiming to understand the emergence of complex social behaviors among microorganisms, plants and animals, including humans.
See Racism and Social dynamics
Social equality
Social equality is a state of affairs in which all individuals within society have equal rights, liberties, and status, possibly including civil rights, freedom of expression, autonomy, and equal access to certain public goods and social services.
See Racism and Social equality
Social inequality
Social inequality occurs when resources within a society are distributed unevenly, often as a result of inequitable allocation practices that create distinct unequal patterns based on socially defined categories of people.
See Racism and Social inequality
Social norm
Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups.
Social psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.
See Racism and Social psychology
Social relation
A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups.
See Racism and Social relation
Social science
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies.
Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.
Societal racism
Societal racism is a type of racism based on a set of institutional, historical, cultural and interpersonal practices within a society that places one or more social or ethnic groups in a better position to succeed and disadvantages other groups so that disparities develop between the groups.
See Racism and Societal racism
Society
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
Sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.
Somali people
The Somali people (Soomaalida, Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒆𐒖, Wadaad) are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Horn of Africa who share a common ancestry, culture and history.
Son Excellence Eugène Rougon
is the sixth novel in the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola.
See Racism and Son Excellence Eugène Rougon
Southern United States
The Southern United States, sometimes Dixie, also referred to as the Southern States, the American South, the Southland, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States.
See Racism and Southern United States
Sovereignty
Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority.
Soweto uprising
The Soweto uprising, also known as the Soweto riots, was a series of demonstrations and protests led by black school children in South Africa during apartheid that began on the morning of 16 June 1976.
See Racism and Soweto uprising
Spaniards
Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a people native to Spain.
Spanish colonization of the Americas
The Spanish colonization of the Americas began in 1493 on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Republic) after the initial 1492 voyage of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus under license from Queen Isabella I of Castile.
See Racism and Spanish colonization of the Americas
Spanish Renaissance
The Spanish Renaissance was a movement in Spain, emerging from the Italian Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century, that spread to Spain during the 15th and 16th centuries.
See Racism and Spanish Renaissance
Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
See Racism and Stanford University
Statistics
Statistics (from German: Statistik, "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.
Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people.
Stereotype threat
Stereotype threat is a situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group.
See Racism and Stereotype threat
Stokely Carmichael
Kwame Ture (born Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael; June 29, 1941November 15, 1998) was an American activist who played a major role in the civil rights movement in the United States and the global pan-African movement.
See Racism and Stokely Carmichael
Stop and search
Stop and search or Stop and frisk is a term used to describe the powers of the police to search a person, place or object without first making an arrest.
See Racism and Stop and search
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.
See Racism and Sub-Saharan Africa
Substantive equality
Substantive equality is a substantive law on human rights that is concerned with equality of outcome for disadvantaged and marginalized people and groups and generally all subgroups in society.
See Racism and Substantive equality
Suffrage
Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).
Supremacism
Supremacism is the belief that a certain group of people is superior to all others. Racism and Supremacism are prejudice and discrimination by type.
Survival of the fittest
"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection.
See Racism and Survival of the fittest
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire (stormaktstiden, "the Era as a Great Power") was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region.
Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language.
Taboo
A taboo, also spelled tabu, is a social group's ban, prohibition, or avoidance of something (usually an utterance or behavior) based on the group's sense that it is excessively repulsive, offensive, sacred, or allowed only for certain people.
See Racism and Taboo
Talmud
The Talmud (תַּלְמוּד|Talmūḏ|teaching) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.
Tatarophobia
Tatarophobia (Tatarofobiya) refers to the fear of, the hatred towards, the demonization of, or the prejudice against people who are generally referred to as Tatars, including but not limited to Volga, Siberian, and Crimean Tatars, although negative attitudes against the latter are by far the most severe, largely as a result of the Soviet media's long-standing practice of only depicting them in a negative way along with its practice of promoting negative stereotypes of them in order to provide a political justification for the deportation and marginalization of them.
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization.
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
See Racism and Taylor & Francis
TED (conference)
TED Conferences, LLC (Technology, Entertainment, Design) is an American-Canadian non-profit media organization that posts international talks online for free distribution under the slogan "ideas worth spreading".
See Racism and TED (conference)
The Atlantic
The Atlantic is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher.
The Australian
The Australian, with its Saturday edition The Weekend Australian, is a broadsheet newspaper published by News Corp Australia since 14 July 1964.
The Conversation
The Conversation is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery thriller film written, produced, and directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Gene Hackman, John Cazale, Allen Garfield, Cindy Williams, Frederic Forrest, Harrison Ford, Teri Garr, and Robert Duvall.
See Racism and The Conversation
The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, known online and elsewhere as The Telegraph, is a British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally.
See Racism and The Daily Telegraph
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex is a book by English naturalist Charles Darwin, first published in 1871, which applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and details his theory of sexual selection, a form of biological adaptation distinct from, yet interconnected with, natural selection.
See Racism and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
The History of Sexuality
The History of Sexuality (L'Histoire de la sexualité) is a four-volume study of sexuality in the Western world by the French historian and philosopher Michel Foucault, in which the author examines the emergence of "sexuality" as a discursive object and separate sphere of life and argues that the notion that every individual has a sexuality is a relatively recent development in Western societies.
See Racism and The History of Sexuality
The Holocaust
The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.
The Independent
The Independent is a British online newspaper.
See Racism and The Independent
The Journal of Modern History
The Journal of Modern History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering European intellectual, political, and cultural history, published by the University of Chicago Press.
See Racism and The Journal of Modern History
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Racism and The New York Times
The New Zealand Herald
The New Zealand Herald is a daily newspaper published in Auckland, New Zealand, owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment, and considered a newspaper of record for New Zealand.
See Racism and The New Zealand Herald
The Origins of Totalitarianism
The Origins of Totalitarianism, published in 1951, was Hannah Arendt's first major work, where she describes and analyzes Nazism and Stalinism as the major totalitarian political movements of the first half of the 20th century.
See Racism and The Origins of Totalitarianism
The Passing of the Great Race
The Passing of the Great Race: Or, The Racial Basis of European History is a 1916 racist and pseudoscientific book by American lawyer, anthropologist, and proponent of eugenics Madison Grant (1865–1937).
See Racism and The Passing of the Great Race
The Races of Europe (Ripley book)
The Races of Europe: A Sociological Study is a 1899 book published by American economist, lecturer, and racial anthropologist William Z. Ripley.
See Racism and The Races of Europe (Ripley book)
The Selfish Gene
The Selfish Gene is a 1976 book on evolution by ethologist Richard Dawkins, in which the author builds upon the principal theory of George C. Williams's Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966).
See Racism and The Selfish Gene
The Souls of Black Folk
The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches is a 1903 work of American literature by W. E. B. Du Bois.
See Racism and The Souls of Black Folk
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.
The Times of Israel
The Times of Israel is an Israeli multi-language online newspaper that was launched in 2012.
See Racism and The Times of Israel
The White Man's Burden
"The White Man's Burden" (1899), by Rudyard Kipling, is a poem about the Philippine–American War (1899–1902) that exhorts the United States to assume colonial control of the Filipino people and their country.
See Racism and The White Man's Burden
Theodore W. Allen
Theodore William Allen (August 23, 1919 – January 19, 2005) was an American independent scholar, writer, and activist, best known for his pioneering writings since the 1960s on white skin privilege and the origin of white identity.
See Racism and Theodore W. Allen
Theory, Culture & Society
Theory, Culture & Society is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1982 and covers sociology, cultural, and social theory.
See Racism and Theory, Culture & Society
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, planter, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.
See Racism and Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Schelling
Thomas Crombie Schelling (April 14, 1921 – December 13, 2016) was an American economist and professor of foreign policy, national security, nuclear strategy, and arms control at the School of Public Policy at University of Maryland, College Park.
See Racism and Thomas Schelling
Thule Society
The Thule Society (Thule-Gesellschaft), originally the Studiengruppe für germanisches Altertum ('Study Group for Germanic Antiquity'), was a German occultist and Völkisch group founded in Munich shortly after World War I, named after a mythical northern country in Greek legend.
Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
See Racism and Time (magazine)
To Kill a Mockingbird
To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by the American author Harper Lee.
See Racism and To Kill a Mockingbird
Toledo, Spain
Toledo is a city and municipality of Spain, the capital of the province of Toledo and the de jure seat of the government and parliament of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha.
Tomáš Masaryk
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (7 March 185014 September 1937) was a Czechoslovak statesman, progressive political activist and philosopher who served as the first president of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1935.
Trade union
A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages and benefits, improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting and increasing the bargaining power of workers.
Tragic mulatto
The tragic mulatto is a stereotypical fictional character that appeared in American literature during the 19th and 20th centuries, starting in 1837.
Treason
Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance.
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.
Turkish people
Turkish people or Turks (Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.
Typology (anthropology)
Typology in anthropology was the categorization of the human species by races, based solely on traits that are readily observable from a distance such as head shape, skin color, hair form, body build, and stature.
See Racism and Typology (anthropology)
Ukrainian Insurgent Army
The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (translit, abbreviated UPA) was a Ukrainian nationalist paramilitary and partisan formation founded by the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists on 14 October 1942.
See Racism and Ukrainian Insurgent Army
Ukrainians
Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.
Uncle Sam
Uncle Sam (which has the same initials as United States) is a common national personification of the federal government of the United States or the country in general.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.
See Racism and Uncle Tom's Cabin
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
UNESCO statements on race
UNESCO has published several statements about issues of race. Racism and UNESCO statements on race are politics and race.
See Racism and UNESCO statements on race
Unification of Germany
The unification of Germany was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).
See Racism and Unification of Germany
Unification of Italy
The unification of Italy (Unità d'Italia), also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th century political and social movement that in 1861 resulted in the consolidation of various states of the Italian Peninsula and its outlying isles into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy.
See Racism and Unification of Italy
Unilineal evolution
Unilineal evolution, also referred to as classical social evolution, is a 19th-century social theory about the evolution of societies and cultures.
See Racism and Unilineal evolution
Unite Against Fascism
Unite Against Fascism (UAF) is a British anti-fascist group.
See Racism and Unite Against Fascism
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ.
See Racism and United Nations General Assembly
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country.
See Racism and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.
See Racism and United Nations Security Council
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
United States Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence, formally titled The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen States of America in both the engrossed version and the original printing, is the founding document of the United States.
See Racism and United States Declaration of Independence
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust.
See Racism and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind, 261 U.S. 204 (1923), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States decided that Bhagat Singh Thind, an Indian Sikh man who identified himself as an Aryan, was ineligible for naturalized citizenship in the United States.
See Racism and United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings.
See Racism and Universal Declaration of Human Rights
University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
See Racism and University of California Press
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England.
See Racism and University of Cambridge
University of Hertfordshire Press
University of Hertfordshire Press was formed in 1992 as the publishing wing of the University of Hertfordshire.
See Racism and University of Hertfordshire Press
University of Illinois Press
The University of Illinois Press (UIP) is an American university press and is part of the University of Illinois system.
See Racism and University of Illinois Press
University of Minnesota Press
The University of Minnesota Press is a university press that is part of the University of Minnesota.
See Racism and University of Minnesota Press
University of Nebraska Press
The University of Nebraska Press (UNP) was founded in 1941 and is an academic publisher of scholarly and general-interest books.
See Racism and University of Nebraska Press
University of Oklahoma Press
The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing arm of the University of Oklahoma.
See Racism and University of Oklahoma Press
University of Pennsylvania Press
The University of Pennsylvania Press, also known as Penn Press, is a university press affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
See Racism and University of Pennsylvania Press
University of Pittsburgh Press
The University of Pittsburgh Press is a scholarly publishing house and a major American university press, part of the University of Pittsburgh.
See Racism and University of Pittsburgh Press
University of Sheffield
The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University or TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.
See Racism and University of Sheffield
University Press of Mississippi
The University Press of Mississippi (UPM), founded in 1970, is a university press that is sponsored by the eight state universities in Mississippi (i.e., Alcorn State University, Delta State University, Jackson State University, Mississippi State University, Mississippi University for Women, Mississippi Valley State University, University of Mississippi, and the University of Southern Mississippi), making it one of the few university presses in the United States to have more than one affiliate university.
See Racism and University Press of Mississippi
Untermensch
Untermensch (plural: Untermenschen) is a German language word literally meaning 'underman', 'sub-man', or 'subhuman', that was extensively used by Germany's Nazi Party to refer to non-Aryan people they deemed as inferior.
Ustaše
The Ustaše, also known by anglicised versions Ustasha or Ustashe, was a Croatian, fascist and ultranationalist organization active, as one organization, between 1929 and 1945, formally known as the Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement (Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret).
Valladolid debate
The Valladolid debate (1550–1551 in Spanish La Junta de Valladolid or La Controversia de Valladolid) was the first moral debate in European history to discuss the rights and treatment of Indigenous people by European colonizers.
See Racism and Valladolid debate
Völkisch movement
The Völkisch movement (Völkische Bewegung, Folkist movement, also called Völkism) was a German ethnic nationalist movement active from the late 19th century through the dissolution of the German Reich in 1945, with remnants in the Federal Republic of Germany afterwards.
See Racism and Völkisch movement
Völkisch nationalism
Völkisch nationalism is a German ultranationalist, ethno-nationalist and racial nationalist ideology.
See Racism and Völkisch nationalism
Verso Books
Verso Books (formerly New Left Books) is a left-wing publishing house based in London and New York City, founded in 1970 by the staff of New Left Review (NLR) and includes Tariq Ali and Perry Anderson on its board of directors.
Visigoths
The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were a Germanic people united under the rule of a king and living within the Roman Empire during late antiquity.
Volk
The German noun Volk translates to people, both uncountable in the sense of people as in a crowd, and countable (plural Völker) in the sense of a people as in an ethnic group or nation (compare the English term folk).
See Racism and Volk
Vox (website)
Vox is an American news and opinion website owned by Vox Media.
W. D. Hamilton
William Donald Hamilton (1 August 1936 – 7 March 2000) was a British evolutionary biologist, recognised as one of the most significant evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.
W. E. B. Du Bois
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, socialist, historian, and Pan-Africanist civil rights activist.
See Racism and W. E. B. Du Bois
Waffen-SS
The Waffen-SS was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary Schutzstaffel (SS) organisation.
War in Darfur
The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, was a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting against the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population.
Wealth
Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions.
Wesleyan University
Wesleyan University is a private liberal arts university in Middletown, Connecticut, United States.
See Racism and Wesleyan University
Wesleyan University Press
Wesleyan University Press is a university press that is part of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut.
See Racism and Wesleyan University Press
Western culture
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, includes the diverse heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world.
See Racism and Western culture
Western imperialism in Asia
The influence and imperialism of Western Europe and associated states (such as Russia, Japan, and the United States) peaked in Asian territories from the colonial period beginning in the 16th century and substantially reducing with 20th century decolonization.
See Racism and Western imperialism in Asia
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
Westview Press
Westview Press was an American publishing company headquartered in Boulder, Colorado founded in 1975.
White people
White (often still referred to as Caucasian) is a racial classification of people generally used for those of mostly European ancestry.
White privilege
White privilege, or white skin privilege, is the societal privilege that benefits white people over non-white people in some societies, particularly if they are otherwise under the same social, political, or economic circumstances. Racism and white privilege are politics and race.
See Racism and White privilege
White savior narrative in film
The white savior is a cinematic trope in which a white central character rescues non-white (often less prominent) characters from unfortunate circumstances.
See Racism and White savior narrative in film
White supremacy
White supremacy is the belief that white people are superior to those of other races and thus should dominate them. Racism and white supremacy are politics and race.
See Racism and White supremacy
Whitecapping
Whitecapping was a violent vigilante movement of farmers in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Whiteness studies
Whiteness studies is the study of the structures that produce white privilege, the examination of what whiteness is when analyzed as a race, a culture, and a source of systemic racism, and the exploration of other social phenomena generated by the societal compositions, perceptions and group behaviors of white people. Racism and whiteness studies are politics and race.
See Racism and Whiteness studies
Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
See Racism and Wiley (publisher)
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
See Racism and Wiley-Blackwell
William Z. Ripley
William Zebina Ripley (October 13, 1867 – August 16, 1941) was an American economist, lecturer at Columbia University, professor of economics at MIT, professor of political economy at Harvard University, and racial anthropologist.
See Racism and William Z. Ripley
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Xenophobia
Xenophobia (from ξένος (xénos), "strange, foreign, or alien", and (phóbos), "fear") is the fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange. Racism and Xenophobia are prejudice and discrimination by type.
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See Racism and Yale University Press
Yellow Peril
The Yellow Peril (also the Yellow Terror, the Yellow Menace, and the Yellow Specter) is a racist color metaphor that depicts the peoples of East and Southeast Asia as an existential danger to the Western world. Racism and Yellow Peril are politics and race.
Zanj
Zanj (زَنْج, adj. زنجي, Zanjī; from Zang) is a term used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to both a certain portion of Southeast Africa (primarily the Swahili Coast) and to its Bantu inhabitants.
See Racism and Zanj
Zanzibar Revolution
The Zanzibar Revolution began on 12 January 1964 and led to the overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar Jamshid bin Abdullah and his mainly Arab government by the island's majority Black African population.
See Racism and Zanzibar Revolution
Zed Books
Zed Books is a non-fiction publishing company based in London, UK.
Zulu people
Zulu people (amaZulu) are a native people of Southern Africa of the Nguni.
2000 Fijian coup d'état
The Fiji coup d'état of 2000 was a civilian coup d'état by hardline i-Taukei (ethnic Fijian) nationalists against the elected government of an Indo-Fijian Prime Minister, Mahendra Chaudhry on 19 May 2000.
See Racism and 2000 Fijian coup d'état
See also
Prejudice and discrimination by type
- Ableism
- Adultism
- Ageism
- Anti-Bengali sentiment
- Anti-Black sentiment
- Anti-Masonry
- Anti-Mormonism
- Anti-intellectualism
- Antisemitism
- Aryan Nations
- Audism
- Bias against left-handed people
- Biphobia
- Chemophobia
- Dialect discrimination
- Discrimination against gay men
- Ethnic hatred
- Homophobia
- Islamophobia
- Lesbophobia
- Lookism
- Misandry
- Misogamy
- Misogyny
- Racism
- Sanism
- Sectarianism
- Sexism
- Social stigma
- Speciesism
- Supremacism
- Transphobia
- Vegaphobia
- Xenophobia
References
Also known as Blackphobia, Casual racism, Causes of racism, Colonial racism, Definition of racism, Economic effects of racism, Economic impact of racism, Ethnism, Evolutionary origin of racism, History of Racism, Ideology of racism, International law and racial discrimination, Origins of racism, Overt racism, Proto-racism, Protoracism, Pure Race, Purity Of Race, Race prejudice, Raceism, Racial abuse, Racial animosity, Racial bias, Racial bigotry, Racial ideology, Racial inferiority, Racial intolerance, Racial prejudice, Racially charged, Racially-charged, Racism and discrimination, Racism in ethnic conflicts, Racisms, Racist, Racist Pride, Racist abuse, Racist beliefs, Racist ideology, Racist prejudice, Racists, Racisum, Rascisim, Rascism, Rasicm, Rasism, Rasist, State-sponsored racism, Unconscious racism.
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T. 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