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162 relations: Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, Acute coronary syndrome, Adverse drug reaction, American Journal of Roentgenology, Analysis of covariance, Annals of Internal Medicine, Annals of Surgery, Antiarrhythmic agent, Atorvastatin, Austin Bradford Hill, Bias of an estimator, Bioethics (journal), Blinded experiment, Blocking (statistics), British Journal of Cancer, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Case report, Censoring (statistics), Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Charles Sanders Peirce, Cisplatin, Clinical equipoise, Clinical research, Clinical study design, Clinical trial, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Cochrane (organisation), Cochrane Library, Coin flipping, Concept, Confidence interval, Confounding, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, Contemporary Clinical Trials, Coronary artery disease, Criminology & Criminal Justice, Critical appraisal, Crossover study, Dependent and independent variables, Development economics, Diagnosis, Dichotomy, Doug Altman, Drug development, Effectiveness, Encainide, Epidemiologic Reviews, Ethics, Evidence-based practice, Experimental psychology, ..., Factorial experiment, Flecainide, Food and Drug Administration, Gold standard (test), Gross domestic product, Henry Mann, Hepatitis C, Hierarchy of evidence, Impact evaluation, Imputation (statistics), Informed consent, Innovations for Poverty Action, Intention-to-treat analysis, Internal validity, International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, Isis (journal), Jadad scale, JAMA (journal), James Lind, Jerzy Neyman, Joseph Jastrow, Journal of Educational Psychology, Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, Journal of Experimental Criminology, Journal of Political Economy, Kaplan–Meier estimator, Linear model, Logistic regression, Mean, Medical guideline, Medical history, Medical Research Council (United Kingdom), Medicine, Meta-analysis, Metastasis, Minimisation (clinical trials), Multicenter trial, Multiple comparisons problem, Multiple sclerosis, Myocardial infarction, National Health and Medical Research Council, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Nonlinear regression, Null hypothesis, Objectivity (philosophy), Observational study, Open-label trial, Parallel study, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Per capita, Pharmaceutical industry, Phases of clinical research, Physical examination, Physical therapy, Placebo-controlled study, PLOS Medicine, Political corruption, Postmenopausal hormone therapy, Power (statistics), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Proportional hazards model, Protocol (science), Psychosocial, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Public Culture, Public health intervention, Publication bias, PubMed, Quality-adjusted life year, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Quasi-experiment, Random assignment, Randomized controlled trial, Randomized experiment, Repeated measures design, Restricted randomization, Return on investment, Robust statistics, Ronald Fisher, Sample size determination, School of education, Scientific control, Scientific literature, Scientific method, Screening (medicine), Scurvy, Selection bias, Statistical hypothesis testing, Statistical inference, Statistical Methods for Research Workers, Statistical model, Statistical significance, Stephen Stigler, Streptomycin, Stuart Pocock, Subgroup analysis, Subjectivity, Sudden infant death syndrome, Survival analysis, Systematic review, Testicular cancer, The BMJ, The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, The Review of Financial Studies, The Washington Post, Therapeutic misconception, Tuberculosis, Type I and type II errors, United States Preventive Services Task Force, Women's Health Initiative, Zelen's design. Expand index (112 more) »
Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab
The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) is a global research center working to reduce poverty by ensuring that policy is informed by scientific evidence.
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Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome (set of signs and symptoms) due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart muscle is unable to function properly or dies.
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Adverse drug reaction
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an injury caused by taking a medication.
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American Journal of Roentgenology
The American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR) is a monthly peer-reviewed journal that covers topics in radiology.
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Analysis of covariance
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is a general linear model which blends ANOVA and regression.
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Annals of Internal Medicine
Annals of Internal Medicine is an academic medical journal published by the American College of Physicians (ACP).
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Annals of Surgery
The Annals of Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of surgical science and practice.
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Antiarrhythmic agent
Antiarrhythmic agents, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia medications, are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart (cardiac arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.
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Atorvastatin
Atorvastatin, marketed under the trade name Lipitor among others, is a member of the medication class known as statins, which are used primarily as a lipid-lowering agent and for prevention of events associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Austin Bradford Hill
Sir Austin Bradford Hill FRS (8 July 1897 – 18 April 1991), English epidemiologist and statistician, pioneered the randomized clinical trial and, together with Richard Doll, demonstrated the connection between cigarette smoking and lung cancer.
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Bias of an estimator
In statistics, the bias (or bias function) of an estimator is the difference between this estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated.
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Bioethics (journal)
Bioethics is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell in association with the International Association of Bioethics.
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Blinded experiment
A blind or blinded-experiment is an experiment in which information about the test is masked (kept) from the participant, to reduce or eliminate bias, until after a trial outcome is known.
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Blocking (statistics)
In the statistical theory of the design of experiments, blocking is the arranging of experimental units in groups (blocks) that are similar to one another.
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British Journal of Cancer
The British Journal of Cancer is a twice-monthly professional medical journal of Cancer Research UK (a registered charity in the United Kingdom), published on their behalf by the Nature Publishing Group (a division of Macmillan Publishers Ltd).
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Canadian Medical Association Journal
The Canadian Medical Association Journal (French Journal de l'Association Médicale Canadienne) is a peer-reviewed general medical journal published by the Canadian Medical Association (CMA).
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Case report
In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient.
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Censoring (statistics)
In statistics, engineering, economics, and medical research, censoring is a condition in which the value of a measurement or observation is only partially known.
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Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine
The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) based in the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences in the University of Oxford is an academic-led centre dedicated to the practice, teaching and dissemination of high quality evidence-based medicine to improve healthcare in everyday clinical practice.
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Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce ("purse"; 10 September 1839 – 19 April 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism".
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Cisplatin
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers.
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Clinical equipoise
Clinical equipoise, also known as the principle of equipoise, provides the ethical basis for medical research that involves assigning patients to different treatment arms of a clinical trial.
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Clinical research
Clinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness (efficacy) of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use.
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Clinical study design
Clinical study design is the formulation of trials and experiments, as well as observational studies in medical, clinical and other types of research (e.g., epidemiological) involving human beings.
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Clinical trial
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.
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Cluster randomised controlled trial
A cluster randomised controlled trial is a type of randomised controlled trial in which groups of subjects (as opposed to individual subjects) are randomised.
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Cochrane (organisation)
Cochrane is a non-profit, non-governmental organization formed to organize medical research findings so as to facilitate evidence-based choices about health interventions faced by health professionals, patients, and policy makers.
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Cochrane Library
The Cochrane Library (named after Archie Cochrane) is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations.
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Coin flipping
Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails is the practice of throwing a coin in the air and checking which side is showing when it lands to choose between two alternatives, sometimes to resolve a dispute between two parties.
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Concept
Concepts are mental representations, abstract objects or abilities that make up the fundamental building blocks of thoughts and beliefs.
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Confidence interval
In statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a type of interval estimate, computed from the statistics of the observed data, that might contain the true value of an unknown population parameter.
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Confounding
In statistics, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor or lurking variable) is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable causing a spurious association.
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Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
CONSORT (Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials) encompasses various initiatives developed by the CONSORT Group to alleviate the problems arising from inadequate reporting of randomized controlled trials.
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Contemporary Clinical Trials
Contemporary Clinical Trials is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering clinical trials and research design in clinical medicine.
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Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.
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Criminology & Criminal Justice
Criminology & Criminal Justice is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of criminology.
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Critical appraisal
Critical appraisal is the use of explicit, transparent methods to assess the data in published research, applying the rules of evidence to factors such as internal validity, adherence to reporting standards, conclusions and generalizability.
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Crossover study
A crossover study, also referred to as a crossover trial, is a longitudinal study in which subjects receive a sequence of different treatments (or exposures).
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Dependent and independent variables
In mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences, the values of dependent variables depend on the values of independent variables.
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Development economics
Development economics is a branch of economics which deals with economic aspects of the development process in low income countries.
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Diagnosis
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon.
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Dichotomy
A dichotomy is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets).
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Doug Altman
Douglas Altman FMedSci (12 July 1948 – 3 June 2018) was an English statistician best known for his work on improving the reliability and reporting of medical research and for highly cited papers on statistical methodology.
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Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
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Effectiveness
Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output.
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Encainide
Encainide (trade name Enkaid) is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent.
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Epidemiologic Reviews
Epidemiologic Reviews is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal covering epidemiology and published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
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Ethics
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.
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Evidence-based practice
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an interdisciplinary approach to clinical practice that has been gaining ground following its formal introduction in 1992.
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Experimental psychology
Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the processes that underlie it.
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Factorial experiment
In statistics, a full factorial experiment is an experiment whose design consists of two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or "levels", and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors.
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Flecainide
Flecainide acetate is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmias (abnormal fast rhythms of the heart).
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Gold standard (test)
In medicine and statistics, gold standard test is usually diagnostic test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions.
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Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.
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Henry Mann
Henry Berthold Mann (27 October 1905, Vienna – 1 February 2000, Tucson) was a professor of mathematics and statistics at Ohio State University.
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Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver.
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Hierarchy of evidence
Evidence hierarchies reflect the relative authority of various types of biomedical research, which create levels of evidence, or at least levels of methodologies that produce evidence.
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Impact evaluation
Impact evaluation assesses the changes that can be attributed to a particular intervention, such as a project, program or policy, both the intended ones, as well as ideally the unintended ones.
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Imputation (statistics)
In statistics, imputation is the process of replacing missing data with substituted values.
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Informed consent
Informed consent is a process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person, or for disclosing personal information.
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Innovations for Poverty Action
Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) is an American non-profit research and policy organization founded in 2002 by Yale economist Dean Karlan.
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Intention-to-treat analysis
An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of the results of an experiment is based on the initial treatment assignment and not on the treatment eventually received.
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Internal validity
In scientific research, internal validity is the extent to which a causal conclusion based on a study is warranted, which is determined by the degree to which a study minimizes systematic error (or 'bias').
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International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
The International Journal of Law and Psychiatry is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering forensic psychiatry.
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Isis (journal)
Isis is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.
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Jadad scale
The Jadad scale, sometimes known as Jadad scoring or the Oxford quality scoring system, is a procedure to independently assess the methodological quality of a clinical trial.
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JAMA (journal)
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association.
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James Lind
James Lind (4 October 1716 – 13 July 1794) was a Scottish physician.
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Jerzy Neyman
Jerzy Neyman (April 16, 1894 – August 5, 1981), born Jerzy Spława-Neyman, was a Polish mathematician and statistician who spent the first part of his professional career at various institutions in Warsaw, Poland and then at University College London, and the second part at the University of California, Berkeley.
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Joseph Jastrow
Joseph Jastrow (January 30, 1863 – January 8, 1944) was a Polish-born American psychologist, noted for inventions in experimental psychology, design of experiments, and psychophysics.
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Journal of Educational Psychology
The Journal of Educational Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1910 and covers educational psychology.
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Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of Education.
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Journal of Experimental Criminology
The Journal of Experimental Criminology is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering experimental research in the field of criminology.
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Journal of Political Economy
The Journal of Political Economy is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.
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Kaplan–Meier estimator
The Kaplan–Meier estimator, also known as the product limit estimator, is a non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data.
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Linear model
In statistics, the term linear model is used in different ways according to the context.
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Logistic regression
In statistics, the logistic model (or logit model) is a statistical model that is usually taken to apply to a binary dependent variable.
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Mean
In mathematics, mean has several different definitions depending on the context.
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Medical guideline
A medical guideline (also called a clinical guideline or clinical practice line) is a document with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of healthcare.
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Medical history
The medical history or case history of a patient is information gained by a physician by asking specific questions, either of the patient or of other people who know the person and can give suitable information, with the aim of obtaining information useful in formulating a diagnosis and providing medical care to the patient.
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Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
The Medical Research Council (MRC) is responsible for co-coordinating and funding medical research in the United Kingdom.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Meta-analysis
A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.
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Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; it is typically spoken of as such spread by a cancerous tumor.
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Minimisation (clinical trials)
Minimisation is a method of adaptive stratified sampling that is used in clinical trials, as described by Pocock and Simon.
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Multicenter trial
A multicenter research trial is a clinical trial conducted at more than one medical center or clinic.
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Multiple comparisons problem
In statistics, the multiple comparisons, multiplicity or multiple testing problem occurs when one considers a set of statistical inferences simultaneously or infers a subset of parameters selected based on the observed values.
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Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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National Health and Medical Research Council
The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) is Australia's peak funding body for medical research, with a budget of roughly $900 million a year.
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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is a part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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Nonlinear regression
In statistics, nonlinear regression is a form of regression analysis in which observational data are modeled by a function which is a nonlinear combination of the model parameters and depends on one or more independent variables.
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Null hypothesis
In inferential statistics, the term "null hypothesis" is a general statement or default position that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena, or no association among groups.
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Objectivity (philosophy)
Objectivity is a central philosophical concept, objective means being independent of the perceptions thus objectivity means the property of being independent from the perceptions, which has been variously defined by sources.
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Observational study
In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints.
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Open-label trial
An open-label trial, or open trial, is a type of clinical trial in which both the researchers and participants know which treatment is being administered.
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Parallel study
A parallel study is a type of clinical study where two groups of treatments, A and B, are given so that one group receives only A while another group receives only B. Other names for this type of study include "between patient" and "non-crossover".
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Peginterferon alfa-2a
Pegylated interferon alfa-2a, sold under the brand name Pegasys among others, is medication used to treat hepatitis C and hepatitis B. For hepatitis C it is typically used together with ribavirin and cure rates are between 24 and 92%.
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Per capita
Per capita is a Latin prepositional phrase: per (preposition, taking the accusative case, meaning "by means of") and capita (accusative plural of the noun caput, "head").
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Pharmaceutical industry
The pharmaceutical industry (or medicine industry) is the commercial industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as different types of medicine and medications.
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Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the steps in which scientists do experiments with a health intervention in an attempt to find enough evidence for a process which would be useful as a medical treatment.
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Physical examination
A physical examination, medical examination, or clinical examination (more popularly known as a check-up) is the process by which a medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease.
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Physical therapy
Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions that, by using mechanical force and movements (bio-mechanics or kinesiology), manual therapy, exercise therapy, and electrotherapy, remediates impairments and promotes mobility and function.
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Placebo-controlled study
Placebo-controlled studies are a way of testing a medical therapy in which, in addition to a group of subjects that receives the treatment to be evaluated, a separate control group receives a sham "placebo" treatment which is specifically designed to have no real effect.
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PLOS Medicine
PLOS Medicine (formerly styled PLoS Medicine) is a peer-reviewed weekly medical journal covering the full spectrum of the medical sciences.
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Political corruption
Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.
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Postmenopausal hormone therapy
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), or postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT, PMHT), also known as hormone replacement therapy in menopause, is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) which is used in postmenopausal, perimenopausal, and surgically menopausal women.
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Power (statistics)
The power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis (H0) when a specific alternative hypothesis (H1) is true.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915.
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Proportional hazards model
Proportional hazards models are a class of survival models in statistics.
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Protocol (science)
In the natural sciences a protocol is a predefined written procedural method in the design and implementation of experiments.
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Psychosocial
The psychosocial approach looks at individuals in the context of the combined influence that psychological factors and the surrounding social environment have on their physical and mental wellness and their ability to function.
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Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine.
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Public Culture
Public Culture is a peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary academic journal of cultural studies, published three times a year—in January, May, and September—by Duke University Press.
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Public health intervention
A public health intervention is any effort or policy that attempts to improve mental and physical health on a population level.
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Publication bias
Publication bias is a type of bias that occurs in published academic research.
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PubMed
PubMed is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics.
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Quality-adjusted life year
The quality-adjusted life year or quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) is a generic measure of disease burden, including both the quality and the quantity of life lived.
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Quarterly Journal of Economics
The Quarterly Journal of Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Oxford University Press.
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Quasi-experiment
A quasi-experiment is an empirical interventional study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention on its target population without random assignment.
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Random assignment
Random assignment or random placement is an experimental technique for assigning human participants or animal subjects to different groups in an experiment (e.g., a treatment group versus a control group) using randomization, such as by a chance procedure (e.g., flipping a coin) or a random number generator.
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Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a type of scientific (often medical) experiment which aims to reduce bias when testing a new treatment.
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Randomized experiment
In science, randomized experiments are the experiments that allow the greatest reliability and validity of statistical estimates of treatment effects.
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Repeated measures design
Repeated measures design uses the same subjects with every branch of research, including the control.
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Restricted randomization
In statistics, restricted randomization occurs in the design of experiments and in particular in the context of randomized experiments and randomized controlled trials.
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Return on investment
Return on investment (ROI) is the ratio between the net profit and cost of investment resulting from an investment of some resource.
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Robust statistics
Robust statistics are statistics with good performance for data drawn from a wide range of probability distributions, especially for distributions that are not normal.
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Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962), who published as R. A. Fisher, was a British statistician and geneticist.
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Sample size determination
Sample size determination is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample.
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School of education
In the United States and Canada, a school of education (or college of education; ed school) is a division within a university that is devoted to scholarship in the field of education, which is an interdisciplinary branch of the social sciences encompassing sociology, psychology, linguistics, economics, political science, public policy, history, and others, all applied to the topic of elementary, secondary, and post-secondary education.
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Scientific control
A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable.
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Scientific literature
Scientific literature comprises scholarly publications that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences, and within an academic field, often abbreviated as the literature.
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Scientific method
Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.
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Screening (medicine)
Screening, in medicine, is a strategy used in a population to identify the possible presence of an as-yet-undiagnosed disease in individuals without signs or symptoms.
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Scurvy
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
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Selection bias
Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby ensuring that the sample obtained is not representative of the population intended to be analyzed.
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Statistical hypothesis testing
A statistical hypothesis, sometimes called confirmatory data analysis, is a hypothesis that is testable on the basis of observing a process that is modeled via a set of random variables.
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Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to deduce properties of an underlying probability distribution.
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Statistical Methods for Research Workers
Statistical Methods for Research Workers is a classic book on statistics, written by the statistician R. A. Fisher.
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Statistical model
A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of some sample data and similar data from a larger population.
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Statistical significance
In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis.
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Stephen Stigler
Stephen Mack Stigler (born August 10, 1941) is Ernest DeWitt Burton Distinguished Service Professor at the Department of Statistics of the University of Chicago.
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Streptomycin
Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.
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Stuart Pocock
Stuart J. Pocock is a British medical statistician.
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Subgroup analysis
Subgroup analysis, in the context of design and analysis of experiments, refers to looking for pattern in a subset of the subjects.
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Subjectivity
Subjectivity is a central philosophical concept, related to consciousness, agency, personhood, reality, and truth, which has been variously defined by sources.
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Sudden infant death syndrome
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), also known as cot death or crib death, is the sudden unexplained death of a child less than one year of age.
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Survival analysis
Survival analysis is a branch of statistics for analyzing the expected duration of time until one or more events happen, such as death in biological organisms and failure in mechanical systems.
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Systematic review
Systematic reviews are a type of literature review that uses systematic methods to collect secondary data, critically appraise research studies, and synthesize studies.
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Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system.
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The BMJ
The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.
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The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.
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The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.
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The Review of Financial Studies
The Review of Financial Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of finance.
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The Washington Post
The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.
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Therapeutic misconception
Therapeutic misconception is a common ethical problem encountered in human subjects research.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
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Type I and type II errors
In statistical hypothesis testing, a type I error is the rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding), while a type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding).
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United States Preventive Services Task Force
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is "an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services".
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Women's Health Initiative
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was initiated by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1991.
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Zelen's design
Zelen's design is an experimental design for randomized clinical trials proposed by Harvard School of Public Health statistician Marvin Zelen (1927-2014).
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Redirects here:
Allocation concealment, Controlled trial, DbRCT, Double-blind placebo controlled trial, Double-blind placebo-controlled trial, Open trial (medical), Placebo controlled double blind trial, Randomised clinical trial, Randomised comparative trial, Randomised control trial, Randomised controlled trial, Randomised controlled trials, Randomised trial, Randomised, controlled study, Randomised-controlled trial, Randomized Controlled Trial, Randomized clinical trial, Randomized clinical trials, Randomized comparative trial, Randomized control trial, Randomized control trials, Randomized controlled experiments, Randomized controlled studies, Randomized controlled trials, Randomized evaluation, Randomized evaluations, Randomized study, Triple blind, Triple-blind, Triple-blind experiment.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial
