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148 relations: Aliasing, Alpha compositing, Ambient occlusion, Application programming interface, Architectural rendering, Artistic rendering, Bidirectional reflectance distribution function, Binary space partitioning, Bitmap textures, Blinn–Phong shading model, Bump mapping, Cache coherence, Calculus, Caustic (optics), Central processing unit, Chromatic aberration, Compact disc, Computer graphics, Computer program, Continuous function, Data structure, Depth of field, Depth perception, Diffraction, Diffuse reflection, Digital art, Digital image, Digital signal processing, DirectX, Displacement mapping, Distance fog, Distributed ray tracing, DVD, False radiosity, Film, FurryBall, Geometrical optics, Global illumination, Gouraud shading, Graphics pipeline, Graphics processing unit, Hardware acceleration, Heightmap, Hemicube (computer graphics), Hidden surface determination, High-dynamic-range rendering, Image and object order rendering, Image resolution, Image tracing, Image-based modeling and rendering, ..., Interactivity, Jaggies, Lighting, Linear algebra, Liquid-crystal display, Low-pass filter, Mathematics, Mental Images, Mental Ray, Metropolis light transport, Mipmap, Monte Carlo method, Motion blur, Multisample anti-aliasing, Non-photorealistic rendering, Normal mapping, Numerical analysis, Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, Octree, Opacity (optics), OpenGL, Optics, Oren–Nayar reflectance model, Painter's algorithm, Parallax scrolling, Path tracing, Phong reflection model, Phong shading, Photon, Photon mapping, Photorealism, Physically based rendering, Pixar, Pose space deformation, Pre-rendering, Precomputed Radiance Transfer, Procedural texture, Radiosity (computer graphics), Raster graphics, Raster image processor, Rasterisation, Ray casting, Ray tracing (graphics), Real-time computer graphics, Reflection (computer graphics), Reflection mapping, Refraction, Render farm, Rendering (computer graphics), Rendering equation, RenderMan Shading Language, Research and development, Reyes rendering, Scanline rendering, Scene description language, Scrolling, Shading, Shadow, Shadow mapping, Shadow volume, Side-scrolling video game, Simulation, Software engineering, Software rendering, Spatial anti-aliasing, Specular highlight, Specular reflection, Sprite (computer graphics), Subsurface scattering, Texture filtering, Texture mapping, Tile-based video game, Tiled rendering, Tone mapping, Transform, clipping, and lighting, Transparency (graphic), Transparency and translucency, Trilinear interpolation, Umbra, penumbra and antumbra, Unbiased rendering, Vector graphics, Video card, Video game, Virtual studio, VirtualGL, Visual effects, Visual perception, Visual system, Volume rendering, VRML, Wire-frame model, Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm, Z-buffering, 2D computer graphics, 2D geometric model, 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling, 3D rendering. Expand index (98 more) »
Aliasing
In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled.
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Alpha compositing
In computer graphics, alpha compositing is the process of combining an image with a background to create the appearance of partial or full transparency.
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Ambient occlusion
In computer graphics, ambient occlusion is a shading and rendering technique used to calculate how exposed each point in a scene is to ambient lighting.
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Application programming interface
In computer programming, an application programming interface (API) is a set of subroutine definitions, protocols, and tools for building software.
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Architectural rendering
Architectural rendering, or architectural illustration, is the art of creating two-dimensional images or animations showing the attributes of a proposed architectural design.
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Artistic rendering
Rendering in visual art and technical drawing means the process of formulating, adding color, shading, and texturing of an image.
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Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF; f_(\omega_,\, \omega_)) is a function of four real variables that defines how light is reflected at an opaque surface.
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Binary space partitioning
In computer science, binary space partitioning (BSP) is a method for recursively subdividing a space into convex sets by hyperplanes.
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Bitmap textures
Bitmap textures are digital images representing a surface, a material, a pattern or even a picture, generated by an artist or designer using a bitmap editor software such as Adobe Photoshop or Gimp or simply by scanning an image and, if necessary, retouching it on a personal computer.
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Blinn–Phong shading model
The Blinn–Phong reflection model (also called the modified Phong reflection model) is a modification to the Phong reflection model developed by Jim Blinn.
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Bump mapping
Bump mapping is a technique in computer graphics for simulating bumps and wrinkles on the surface of an object.
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Cache coherence
In computer architecture, cache coherence is the uniformity of shared resource data that ends up stored in multiple local caches.
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Calculus
Calculus (from Latin calculus, literally 'small pebble', used for counting and calculations, as on an abacus), is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.
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Caustic (optics)
In optics, a caustic or caustic network is the envelope of light rays reflected or refracted by a curved surface or object, or the projection of that envelope of rays on another surface.
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Central processing unit
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
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Chromatic aberration
In optics, chromatic aberration (abbreviated CA; also called chromatic distortion and spherochromatism) is an effect resulting from dispersion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point.
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Compact disc
Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was co-developed by Philips and Sony and released in 1982.
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Computer graphics
Computer graphics are pictures and films created using computers.
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Computer program
A computer program is a collection of instructions for performing a specific task that is designed to solve a specific class of problems.
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Continuous function
In mathematics, a continuous function is a function for which sufficiently small changes in the input result in arbitrarily small changes in the output.
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Data structure
In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that enables efficient access and modification.
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Depth of field
In optics, particularly as it relates to film and photography, the optical phenomenon known as depth of field (DOF), is the distance about the Plane of Focus (POF) where objects appear acceptably sharp in an image.
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Depth perception
Depth perception is the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D) and the distance of an object.
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Diffraction
--> Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.
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Diffuse reflection
Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection.
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Digital art
Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.
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Digital image
A digital image is a numeric representation, normally binary, of a two-dimensional image.
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Digital signal processing
Digital signal processing (DSP) is the use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors, to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations.
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DirectX
Microsoft DirectX is a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) for handling tasks related to multimedia, especially game programming and video, on Microsoft platforms.
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Displacement mapping
Displacement mapping is an alternative computer graphics technique in contrast to bump mapping, normal mapping, and parallax mapping, using a (procedural-) texture- or height map to cause an effect where the actual geometric position of points over the textured surface are displaced, often along the local surface normal, according to the value the texture function evaluates to at each point on the surface.
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Distance fog
Distance fog is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to enhance the perception of distance by shading distant objects differently.
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Distributed ray tracing
Distributed ray tracing, also called distribution ray tracing and stochastic ray tracing, is a refinement of ray tracing that allows for the rendering of "soft" phenomena.
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DVD
DVD (an abbreviation of "digital video disc" or "digital versatile disc") is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips and Sony in 1995.
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False radiosity
False Radiosity is a 3D computer graphics technique used to create texture mapping for objects that emulates patch interaction algorithms in radiosity rendering.
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Film
A film, also called a movie, motion picture, moving pícture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of still images that, when shown on a screen, create the illusion of moving images.
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FurryBall
FurryBall is a real-time GPU production quality unbiased, as well as biased final frame render.
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Geometrical optics
Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of rays.
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Global illumination
Global illumination (shortened as GI), or indirect illumination, is a general name for a group of algorithms used in 3D computer graphics that are meant to add more realistic lighting to 3D scenes.
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Gouraud shading
Gouraud shading, named after Henri Gouraud, is an interpolation method used in computer graphics to produce continuous shading of surfaces represented by polygon meshes.
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Graphics pipeline
In computer graphics, a computer graphics pipeline, rendering pipeline or simply graphics pipeline, is a conceptual model that describes what steps a graphics system needs to perform to render a 3D scene to a 2D screen.
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Graphics processing unit
A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.
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Hardware acceleration
In computing, hardware acceleration is the use of computer hardware to perform some functions more efficiently than is possible in software running on a more general-purpose CPU.
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Heightmap
In computer graphics, a heightmap or heightfield is a raster image used to store values, such as surface elevation data, for display in 3D computer graphics.
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Hemicube (computer graphics)
In 3D computer graphics rendering, a hemicube is one way to represent a 180° view from a surface or point in space.
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Hidden surface determination
In 3D computer graphics, shown surface determination (also known as hidden surface removal (HSR), occlusion culling (OC) or visible surface determination (VSD)) is the process used to determine which surfaces and parts of surfaces are not visible from a certain viewpoint.
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High-dynamic-range rendering
High-dynamic-range rendering (HDRR or HDR rendering), also known as high-dynamic-range lighting, is the rendering of computer graphics scenes by using lighting calculations done in high dynamic range (HDR).
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Image and object order rendering
In computer graphics, image order algorithms iterate over the pixels in the image to be produced, rather than the elements in the scene to be rendered.
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Image resolution
Image resolution is the detail an image holds.
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Image tracing
In computer graphics, image tracing, raster-to-vector conversion or vectorization is the conversion of raster graphics into vector graphics.
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Image-based modeling and rendering
In computer graphics and computer vision, image-based modeling and rendering (IBMR) methods rely on a set of two-dimensional images of a scene to generate a three-dimensional model and then render some novel views of this scene.
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Interactivity
Across the many fields concerned with interactivity, including information science, computer science, human-computer interaction, communication, and industrial design, there is little agreement over the meaning of the term "interactivity", although all are related to interaction with computers and other machines with a user interface.
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Jaggies
"Jaggies" is the informal name for artifacts in raster images, most frequently from aliasing, which in turn is often caused by non-linear mixing effects producing high-frequency components or missing or poor anti-aliasing filtering prior to sampling.
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Lighting
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect.
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Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as linear functions such as and their representations through matrices and vector spaces.
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Liquid-crystal display
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals.
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Low-pass filter
A low-pass filter (LPF) is a filter that passes signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Mental Images
Mental Images GmbH (stylized as mental images) was a German computer generated imagery (CGI) software firm based in Berlin, Germany, and was acquired by NVIDIA in 2007, then rebranded as NVIDIA Advanced Rendering Center (ARC), and is still providing similar products and technology.
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Mental Ray
Mental Ray (stylized as mental ray) is a production-quality rendering application developed by Mental Images (Berlin, Germany).
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Metropolis light transport
The Metropolis light transport (MLT) is an application of a variant of the Monte Carlo method called the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to the rendering equation for generating images from detailed physical descriptions of three-dimensional scenes.
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Mipmap
In computer graphics, mipmaps (also MIP maps) or pyramids are pre-calculated, optimized sequences of images, each of which is a progressively lower resolution representation of the same image.
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Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods (or Monte Carlo experiments) are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results.
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Motion blur
Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.
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Multisample anti-aliasing
Multisample anti-aliasing (MSAA) is a type of spatial anti-aliasing, a technique used in computer graphics to improve image quality.
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Non-photorealistic rendering
Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) is an area of computer graphics that focuses on enabling a wide variety of expressive styles for digital art.
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Normal mapping
In 3D computer graphics, normal mapping, or Dot3 bump mapping, is a technique used for faking the lighting of bumps and dents – an implementation of bump mapping.
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Numerical analysis
Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation (as opposed to general symbolic manipulations) for the problems of mathematical analysis (as distinguished from discrete mathematics).
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Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
In the field of digital signal processing, the sampling theorem is a fundamental bridge between continuous-time signals (often called "analog signals") and discrete-time signals (often called "digital signals").
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Octree
An octree is a tree data structure in which each internal node has exactly eight children.
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Opacity (optics)
Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light.
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OpenGL
Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics.
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Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Oren–Nayar reflectance model
The Oren–Nayar reflectance model,M.
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Painter's algorithm
The painter's algorithm, also known as a priority fill, is one of the simplest solutions to the visibility problem in 3D computer graphics.
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Parallax scrolling
Parallax scrolling is a technique in computer graphics where background images move past the camera more slowly than foreground images, creating an illusion of depth in a 2D scene and adding to the sense of immersion in the virtual experience.
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Path tracing
Path tracing is a computer graphics Monte Carlo method of rendering images of three-dimensional scenes such that the global illumination is faithful to reality.
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Phong reflection model
The Phong reflection model (also called Phong illumination or Phong lighting) is an empirical model of the local illumination of points on a surface.
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Phong shading
Phong shading refers to an interpolation technique for surface shading in 3D computer graphics.
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Photon
The photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).
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Photon mapping
In computer graphics, photon mapping is a two-pass global illumination algorithm developed by Henrik Wann Jensen that approximately solves the rendering equation.
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Photorealism
Photorealism is a genre of art that encompasses painting, drawing and other graphic media, in which an artist studies a photograph and then attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in another medium.
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Physically based rendering
Physically based rendering is a subset of computer-generated imagery that aims at production of pictures while making use of physically based shading derived from empirical shading models.
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Pixar
Pixar Animation Studios, commonly referred to as Pixar, is an American computer animation movie studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, owned by The Walt Disney Company.
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Pose space deformation
Pose space deformation is a computer animation technique which is used to deform a mesh on skeleton-driven animation.
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Pre-rendering
Pre-rendering is the process in which video footage is not rendered in real-time by the hardware that is outputting or playing back the video.
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Precomputed Radiance Transfer
Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) is a computer graphics technique used to render a scene in real time with complex light interactions being precomputed to save time.
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Procedural texture
In computer graphics, a procedural texture is a texture created using a mathematical description (i.e. an algorithm) rather than directly stored data.
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Radiosity (computer graphics)
In 3D computer graphics, radiosity is an application of the finite element method to solving the rendering equation for scenes with surfaces that reflect light diffusely.
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Raster graphics
In computer graphics, a raster graphics or bitmap image is a dot matrix data structure that represents a generally rectangular grid of pixels (points of color), viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display medium.
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Raster image processor
A raster image processor (RIP) is a component used in a printing system which produces a raster image also known as a bitmap.
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Rasterisation
Rasterisation (or rasterization) is the task of taking an image described in a vector graphics format (shapes) and converting it into a raster image (pixels or dots) for output on a video display or printer, or for storage in a bitmap file format.
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Ray casting
Ray casting is the use of ray–surface intersection tests to solve a variety of problems in computer graphics and computational geometry.
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Ray tracing (graphics)
In computer graphics, ray tracing is a rendering technique for generating an image by tracing the path of light as pixels in an image plane and simulating the effects of its encounters with virtual objects.
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Real-time computer graphics
Real-time computer graphics or real-time rendering is the sub-field of computer graphics focused on producing and analyzing images in real time.
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Reflection (computer graphics)
Reflection in computer graphics is used to emulate reflective objects like mirrors and shiny surfaces.
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Reflection mapping
In computer graphics, environment mapping, or reflection mapping, is an efficient image-based lighting technique for approximating the appearance of a reflective surface by means of a precomputed texture image.
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Refraction
Refraction is the change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium.
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Render farm
A render farm is a high-performance computer system, e.g. a computer cluster, built to render computer-generated imagery (CGI), typically for film and television visual effects.
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Rendering (computer graphics)
Rendering or image synthesis is the automatic process of generating a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from a 2D or 3D model (or models in what collectively could be called a scene file) by means of computer programs.
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Rendering equation
In computer graphics, the rendering equation is an integral equation in which the equilibrium radiance leaving a point is given as the sum of emitted plus reflected radiance under a geometric optics approximation.
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RenderMan Shading Language
Renderman Shading Language (abbreviated RSL) is a component of the RenderMan Interface Specification, and is used to define shaders.
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Research and development
Research and development (R&D, R+D, or R'n'D), also known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), refers to innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, or improving existing services or products.
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Reyes rendering
Reyes rendering is a computer software architecture used in 3D computer graphics to render photo-realistic images.
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Scanline rendering
Scanline rendering (also scan line rendering and scan-line rendering) is an algorithm for visible surface determination, in 3D computer graphics, that works on a row-by-row basis rather than a polygon-by-polygon or pixel-by-pixel basis.
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Scene description language
A scene description language is any description language used to describe a scene to be rendered by a 3D renderer such as a ray tracer.
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Scrolling
In computer displays, filmmaking, television production, and other kinetic displays, scrolling is sliding text, images or video across a monitor or display, vertically or horizontally.
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Shading
Shading refers to depicting depth perception in 3D models or illustrations by varying levels of darkness.
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Shadow
A shadow is a dark area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object.
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Shadow mapping
Shadow mapping or shadowing projection is a process by which shadows are added to 3D computer graphics.
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Shadow volume
Shadow volume is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to add shadows to a rendered scene.
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Side-scrolling video game
A side-scrolling game, side-scroller or 2D is a video game in which the gameplay action is viewed from a side-view camera angle, and the onscreen characters can generally only move to the left or right.
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Simulation
Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system.
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Software engineering
Software engineering is the application of engineering to the development of software in a systematic method.
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Software rendering
Software rendering is the process of generating an image from a model by means of computer software.
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Spatial anti-aliasing
In digital signal processing, spatial anti-aliasing is the technique of minimizing the distortion artifacts known as aliasing when representing a high-resolution image at a lower resolution.
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Specular highlight
A specular highlight is the bright spot of light that appears on shiny objects when illuminated (for example, see image at right).
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Specular reflection
Specular reflection, also known as regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.
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Sprite (computer graphics)
In computer graphics, a sprite is a two-dimensional bitmap that is integrated into a larger scene.
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Subsurface scattering
Subsurface scattering (or SSS), also known as subsurface light transport (SSLT), is a mechanism of light transport in which light penetrates the surface of a translucent object, is scattered by interacting with the material, and exits the surface at a different point.
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Texture filtering
In computer graphics, texture filtering or texture smoothing is the method used to determine the texture color for a texture mapped pixel, using the colors of nearby texels (pixels of the texture).
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Texture mapping
Texture mapping is a method for defining high frequency detail, surface texture, or color information on a computer-generated graphic or 3D model.
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Tile-based video game
A tile-based video game is a type of video or video game where the playing area consists of small square (or, much less often, rectangular, parallelogram, or hexagonal) graphic images referred to as tiles laid out in a grid.
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Tiled rendering
Tiled rendering is the process of subdividing a computer graphics image by a regular grid in optical space and rendering each section of the grid, or tile, separately.
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Tone mapping
Tone mapping is a technique used in image processing and computer graphics to map one set of colors to another to approximate the appearance of high-dynamic-range images in a medium that has a more limited dynamic range.
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Transform, clipping, and lighting
Transform, clipping, and lighting (T&L or sometimes TCL) is a term used in computer graphics.
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Transparency (graphic)
Transparency is possible in a number of graphics file formats.
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Transparency and translucency
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without being scattered.
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Trilinear interpolation
Trilinear interpolation is a method of multivariate interpolation on a 3-dimensional regular grid.
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Umbra, penumbra and antumbra
The umbra, penumbra and antumbra are three distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source after impinging on an opaque object.
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Unbiased rendering
In computer graphics, unbiased rendering refers to a rendering technique that does not introduce any systematic error, or bias, into the radiance approximation.
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Vector graphics
Vector graphics are computer graphics images that are defined in terms of 2D points, which are connected by lines and curves to form polygons and other shapes.
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Video card
A video card (also called a display card, graphics card, display adapter or graphics adapter) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display (such as a computer monitor).
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Video game
A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.
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Virtual studio
The term virtual studio can refer to any number of technological tools which seek to simulate a physical television and/or movie studio.
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VirtualGL
VirtualGL is an open source program that redirects the 3D rendering commands from Unix and Linux OpenGL applications to 3D accelerator hardware in a dedicated server and displays the rendered output interactively to a thin client located elsewhere on the network.
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Visual effects
Visual Effects (abbreviated VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live action shot in film making.
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Visual perception
Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.
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Visual system
The visual system is the part of the central nervous system which gives organisms the ability to process visual detail, as well as enabling the formation of several non-image photo response functions.
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Volume rendering
In scientific visualization and computer graphics, volume rendering is a set of techniques used to display a 2D projection of a 3D discretely sampled data set, typically a 3D scalar field.
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VRML
VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language, pronounced vermal or by its initials, originally—before 1995—known as the Virtual Reality Markup Language) is a standard file format for representing 3-dimensional (3D) interactive vector graphics, designed particularly with the World Wide Web in mind.
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Wire-frame model
A wire-frame model is a visual presentation of a 3-dimensional (3D) or physical object used in 3D computer graphics.
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Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm
Demonstration of Xiaolin Wu's algorithm Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm is an algorithm for line antialiasing.
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Z-buffering
In computer graphics, z-buffering, also known as depth buffering, is the management of image depth coordinates in 3D graphics, usually done in hardware, sometimes in software.
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2D computer graphics
2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images) and by techniques specific to them.
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2D geometric model
A 2D geometric model is a geometric model of an object as a two-dimensional figure, usually on the Euclidean or Cartesian plane.
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3D computer graphics
3D computer graphics or three-dimensional computer graphics, (in contrast to 2D computer graphics) are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data (often Cartesian) that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images.
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3D modeling
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling (or three-dimensional modeling) is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any surface of an object (either inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software.
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3D rendering
3D rendering is the 3D computer graphics process of automatically converting 3D wire frame models into 2D images on a computer.
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3D renderer, Computer graphics rendering, Computer rendering, Digital rendering, Drawing engine, Graphics engine, Graphics rendering, IBMR, Ibmr, Image Synthesis, Image synthesis, Primitives (computer graphics), Rendering algorithm, Rendering engine, Rendering primitives, Rendering system, Renders, The Viewing Algorithm.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)
