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Grayling, Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Adjective, Adolf Fredrik Church, Adriaan Metius, Adrien Baillet, Age of Enlightenment, Al-Ghazali, Alan Turing, American Philosophical Quarterly, Amersfoort, Analytic geometry, Ancient Greek, Anselm of Canterbury, Anthropocentrism, Anthropology, Antonio Negri, Antwerp, Anxiety, Archimedes, Aristotelianism, Aristotle, Astronomy, Atheism, Atmospheric pressure, Augustine of Hippo, Automaton, Averroes, Avicenna, Étienne Gilson, Baccalauréat, Baruch Spinoza, Basilica della Santa Casa, Battle of White Mountain, Bernard de Montfaucon, Bertrand Russell, Blaise Pascal, Blessing, Bond (finance), British Journal of Psychiatry, Calculus, Cambridge University Press, Canon law, Cardinal Richelieu, Cartesian circle, Cartesian coordinate system, Cartesian diver, Cartesian doubt, Cartesian Meditations, Cartesian product, ..., Cartesian product of graphs, Cartesian tree, Cartesianism, Catenary, Catholic Church, Charles Darwin, Charles Guignon, Choice, 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A. C. Grayling
Anthony Clifford Grayling (born 3 April 1949), usually known as A. C. Grayling, is a British philosopher and author.
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Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
The Benedictine Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, just beyond the outskirts of early medieval Paris, was the burial place of Merovingian kings of Neustria.
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Adjective
In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated) is a describing word, the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.
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Adolf Fredrik Church
Adolf Fredrik Church (Adolf Fredriks kyrka) is a church in central Stockholm, Sweden, named after Adolf Frederick.
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Adriaan Metius
Adriaan Adriaanszoon, called Metius, (9 December 1571 – 6 September 1635), was a Dutch geometer and astronomer born in Alkmaar.
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Adrien Baillet
Adrien Baillet (13 June 164921 January 1706) was a French scholar and critic.
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Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason; in lit in Aufklärung, "Enlightenment", in L’Illuminismo, “Enlightenment” and in Spanish: La Ilustración, "Enlightenment") was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy".
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Al-Ghazali
Al-Ghazali (full name Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī أبو حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالي; latinized Algazelus or Algazel, – 19 December 1111) was one of the most prominent and influential philosophers, theologians, jurists, and mysticsLudwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, p.109.
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Alan Turing
Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist.
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American Philosophical Quarterly
The American Philosophical Quarterly (APQ) is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering philosophy.
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Amersfoort
Amersfoort is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Analytic geometry
In classical mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Anselm of Canterbury
Anselm of Canterbury (1033/4-1109), also called (Anselmo d'Aosta) after his birthplace and (Anselme du Bec) after his monastery, was a Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian of the Catholic Church, who held the office of archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109.
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Anthropocentrism
Anthropocentrism (from Greek ἄνθρωπος, ánthrōpos, "human being"; and κέντρον, kéntron, "center") is the belief that human beings are the most significant entity of the universe.
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Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humans and human behaviour and societies in the past and present.
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Antonio Negri
Antonio "Toni" Negri (born 1 August 1933) is an Italian Marxist sociologist and political philosopher, best known for his co-authorship of Empire and secondarily for his work on Spinoza.
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Antwerp
Antwerp (Antwerpen, Anvers) is a city in Belgium, and is the capital of Antwerp province in Flanders.
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Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.
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Archimedes
Archimedes of Syracuse (Ἀρχιμήδης) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer.
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Aristotelianism
Aristotelianism is a tradition of philosophy that takes its defining inspiration from the work of Aristotle.
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Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.
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Astronomy
Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.
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Atheism
Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.
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Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet).
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Augustine of Hippo
Saint Augustine of Hippo (13 November 354 – 28 August 430) was a Roman African, early Christian theologian and philosopher from Numidia whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy.
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Automaton
An automaton (plural: automata or automatons) is a self-operating machine, or a machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a predetermined sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions.
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Averroes
Ibn Rushd (ابن رشد; full name; 1126 – 11 December 1198), often Latinized as Averroes, was an Andalusian philosopher and thinker who wrote about many subjects, including philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, Islamic jurisprudence and law, and linguistics.
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Avicenna
Avicenna (also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ابن سینا; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.
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Étienne Gilson
Étienne Gilson (13 June 1884 – 19 September 1978) was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy.
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Baccalauréat
The baccalauréat, often known in France colloquially as bac, is an academic qualification that French students take after high school.
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Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza (born Benedito de Espinosa,; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677, later Benedict de Spinoza) was a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi/Portuguese origin.
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Basilica della Santa Casa
The Basilica della Santa Casa (Basilica of the Holy House) is a shrine of Marian pilgrimage in Loreto, Italy.
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Battle of White Mountain
The Battle of White Mountain (Czech: Bitva na Bílé hoře, German: Schlacht am Weißen Berg) was an important battle in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War.
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Bernard de Montfaucon
Dom Bernard de Montfaucon, O.S.B. (13 January 1655 – 21 December 1741) was a French Benedictine monk of the Congregation of Saint Maur.
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Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate.
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Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian.
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Blessing
In religion, a blessing (also used to refer to bestowing of such) is the infusion of something with holiness, spiritual redemption, or divine will.
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Bond (finance)
In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders.
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British Journal of Psychiatry
The British Journal of Psychiatry is a peer-reviewed medical journal published monthly by the Royal College of Psychiatrists containing original research, systematic reviews, commentaries on contentious articles, short reports, a comprehensive book review section, and a correspondence column relating to all aspects of psychiatry.
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Calculus
Calculus (from Latin calculus, literally 'small pebble', used for counting and calculations, as on an abacus), is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Canon law
Canon law (from Greek kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
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Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac (9 September 15854 December 1642), commonly referred to as Cardinal Richelieu (Cardinal de Richelieu), was a French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman.
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Cartesian circle
The Cartesian circle is a potential mistake in reasoning attributed to René Descartes.
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Cartesian coordinate system
A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.
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Cartesian diver
A Cartesian diver or Cartesian devil is a classic science experiment, named for René Descartes, which demonstrates the principle of buoyancy (Archimedes’ principle) and the ideal gas law.
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Cartesian doubt
Cartesian doubt is a form of methodological skepticism associated with the writings and methodology of René Descartes (15961650).
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Cartesian Meditations
Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology (Méditations cartésiennes: Introduction à la phénoménologie) is a book by the philosopher Edmund Husserl, based on four lectures he gave at the Sorbonne, in the Amphithéatre Descartes on February 23 and 25, 1929.
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Cartesian product
In set theory (and, usually, in other parts of mathematics), a Cartesian product is a mathematical operation that returns a set (or product set or simply product) from multiple sets.
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Cartesian product of graphs
In graph theory, the Cartesian product G \square H of graphs G and H is a graph such that.
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Cartesian tree
In computer science, a Cartesian tree is a binary tree derived from a sequence of numbers; it can be uniquely defined from the properties that it is heap-ordered and that a symmetric (in-order) traversal of the tree returns the original sequence.
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Cartesianism
Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza.
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Catenary
In physics and geometry, a catenary is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
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Charles Guignon
Charles B. Guignon (born 1944) is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of South Florida.
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Choice
Choice involves decision making.
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Christina, Queen of Sweden
Christina (– 19 April 1689) reigned as Queen of Sweden from 1632 until her abdication in 1654.
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Civil law (legal system)
Civil law, civilian law, or Roman law is a legal system originating in Europe, intellectualized within the framework of Roman law, the main feature of which is that its core principles are codified into a referable system which serves as the primary source of law.
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Claude Clerselier
Claude Clerselier (1614, Paris – 1684, Paris) was a French editor.
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Cogito, ergo sum
Cogito, ergo sum is a Latin philosophical proposition by René Descartes usually translated into English as "I think, therefore I am".
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Cognition
Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".
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Collins English Dictionary
The Collins English Dictionary is a printed and online dictionary of English.
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Computer science
Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.
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Conic section
In mathematics, a conic section (or simply conic) is a curve obtained as the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane.
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Consciousness
Consciousness is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself.
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Constantijn Huygens
Sir Constantijn Huygens, Lord of Zuilichem (4 September 159628 March 1687), was a Dutch Golden Age poet and composer.
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Cosmology
Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.
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David Chalmers
David John Chalmers (born 20 April 1966) is an Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist specializing in the areas of philosophy of mind and philosophy of language.
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David Hume
David Hume (born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS (26 April 1711 OS) – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.
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Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, logical deduction is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion.
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Degree of a polynomial
The degree of a polynomial is the highest degree of its monomials (individual terms) with non-zero coefficients.
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Deism
Deism (or; derived from Latin "deus" meaning "god") is a philosophical belief that posits that God exists and is ultimately responsible for the creation of the universe, but does not interfere directly with the created world.
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Descartes' rule of signs
In mathematics, Descartes' rule of signs, first described by René Descartes in his work La Géométrie, is a technique for determining an upper bound on the number of positive or negative real roots of a polynomial.
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Descartes' theorem
In geometry, Descartes' theorem states that for every four kissing, or mutually tangent, circles, the radii of the circles satisfy a certain quadratic equation.
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Descartes, Indre-et-Loire
Descartes is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.
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Deventer
Deventer is a city and municipality in the Salland region of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands.
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Dioptrique
"La dioptrique" (in English "Dioptrique", "Optics", or "Dioptrics"), is a short treatise published in 1637 included in one of the Essays written with Discourse on the Method by Rene Descartes.
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Discourse on the Method
The Discourse on the Method (Discours de la méthode) is a philosophical and autobiographical treatise published by René Descartes in 1637.
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Divinity
In religion, divinity or godhead is the state of things that are believed to come from a supernatural power or deity, such as a god, supreme being, creator deity, or spirits, and are therefore regarded as sacred and holy.
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Dordrecht
Dordrecht, colloquially Dordt, historically in English named Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland.
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Dream argument
The dream argument is the postulation that the act of dreaming provides preliminary evidence that the senses we trust to distinguish reality from illusion should not be fully trusted, and therefore, any state that is dependent on our senses should at the very least be carefully examined and rigorously tested to determine whether it is in fact reality.
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Duns Scotus
John Duns, commonly called Duns Scotus (1266 – 8 November 1308), is generally considered to be one of the three most important philosopher-theologians of the High Middle Ages (together with Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham).
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Dutch Golden Age
The Dutch Golden Age (Gouden Eeuw) was a period in the history of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, military, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world.
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Dutch Republic
The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
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Dutch States Army
The Dutch States Army (Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic.
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Early modern period
The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era.
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Edmund Husserl
Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (or;; 8 April 1859 – 27 April 1938) was a German philosopher who established the school of phenomenology.
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Egmond aan den Hoef
Egmond aan den Hoef is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland.
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Egmond-Binnen
Egmond-Binnen is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland.
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Elisabeth of the Palatinate
Elisabeth of the Palatinate (26 December 1618 – 11 February 1680), also known as Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Elisabeth of the Palatinate, or Princess-Abbess of Herford Abbey, was the eldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (who was briefly King of Bohemia), and Elizabeth Stuart.
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Emancipation
Emancipation is any effort to procure economic and social rights, political rights or equality, often for a specifically disenfranchised group, or more generally, in discussion of such matters.
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Emotion
Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.
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Empiricism
In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.
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Epicurus
Epicurus (Ἐπίκουρος, Epíkouros, "ally, comrade"; 341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded a school of philosophy now called Epicureanism.
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Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
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Ethics
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.
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Evangelista Torricelli
Evangelista Torricelli; 15 October 1608 – 25 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles.
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Evil demon
The evil demon, also known as malicious demon and evil genius, is a concept in Cartesian philosophy.
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Exploding head syndrome
Exploding head syndrome (EHS), alternately termed episodic cranial sensory shock, is a benign condition in which a person experiences unreal noises that are loud and short, like a bomb exploding or a gunshot, when falling asleep or waking up.
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Fibred category
Fibred categories (or fibered categories) are abstract entities in mathematics used to provide a general framework for descent theory.
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Folium of Descartes
In geometry, the folium of Descartes is an algebraic curve defined by the equation It forms a loop in the first quadrant with a double point at the origin and asymptote It is symmetrical about y.
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Foundationalism
Foundationalism concerns philosophical theories of knowledge resting upon justified belief, or some secure foundation of certainty such as a conclusion inferred from a basis of sound premises.
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François Viète
François Viète (Franciscus Vieta; 1540 – 23 February 1603), Seigneur de la Bigotière, was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to its innovative use of letters as parameters in equations.
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Francine Descartes
Francine Descartes (19 July 1635, Deventer – 7 September 1640, Amersfoort) was René Descartes' daughter.
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Francisco Suárez
Francisco Suárez (5 January 1548 – 25 September 1617) was a Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher and theologian, one of the leading figures of the School of Salamanca movement, and generally regarded among the greatest scholastics after Thomas Aquinas.
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Franeker
Franeker (Frjentsjer) is one of the eleven historical cities of Friesland and capital of the municipality of Waadhoeke.
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Frans Hals
Frans Hals the Elder (– 26 August 1666) was a Dutch Golden Age painter, normally of portraits, who lived and worked in Haarlem.
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Frans van Schooten
Franciscus van Schooten (1615, Leiden – 29 May 1660, Leiden) was a Dutch mathematician who is most known for popularizing the analytic geometry of René Descartes.
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Free fall
In Newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it.
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Free will
Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564Drake (1978, p. 1). The date of Galileo's birth is given according to the Julian calendar, which was then in force throughout Christendom. In 1582 it was replaced in Italy and several other Catholic countries with the Gregorian calendar. Unless otherwise indicated, dates in this article are given according to the Gregorian calendar. – 8 January 1642) was an Italian polymath.
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Gómez Pereira
Gómez Pereira (1500–1567) was a Spanish philosopher, doctor, and natural humanist from Medina del Campo.
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George Berkeley
George Berkeley (12 March 168514 January 1753) — known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne) — was an Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others).
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Gerolamo Cardano
Gerolamo (or Girolamo, or Geronimo) Cardano (Jérôme Cardan; Hieronymus Cardanus; 24 September 1501 – 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath, whose interests and proficiencies ranged from being a mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, writer, and gambler.
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Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno
Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno (1578–1641) (also known as Gian Francesco Guidi di Bagno, Gianfrancesco Guidi di Bagno, Giovanni Francesco Bagni or Gianfrancesco de' Conti Guidi di Bagno) Florida International University Libraries was an Italian cardinal, brother of cardinal Nicola Guidi di Bagno and nephew of cardinal Girolamo Colonna.
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Gisbertus Voetius
Gisbertus Voetius (Latinized version of the Dutch name Gijsbert Voet; 3 March 1589 – 1 November 1676) was a Dutch Calvinist theologian.
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God
In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and the principal object of faith.
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Google Search
Google Search, commonly referred to as Google Web Search or simply Google, is a web search engine developed by Google.
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (or; Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.
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Haverford College
Haverford College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college in Haverford, Pennsylvania.
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Haverford, Pennsylvania
Haverford is an unincorporated community located in both Haverford Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, US, and Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County, about west of Philadelphia.
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Henricus Regius
Henricus Regius (July 29, 1598 – February 19, 1679) was a Dutch philosopher, physician, and professor of medicine at the University of Utrecht from 1638.
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Henricus Reneri
Henricus Reneri or Renerius (1593, Huy – 20 March 1639, Utrecht) was a Dutch philosopher.
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Hydrostatics
Fluid statics or hydrostatics is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies fluids at rest.
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Ibn al-Haytham
Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized Alhazen; full name أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم) was an Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age.
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Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.
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Index Librorum Prohibitorum
The Index Librorum Prohibitorum (List of Prohibited Books) was a list of publications deemed heretical, or contrary to morality by the Sacred Congregation of the Index (a former Dicastery of the Roman Curia) and thus Catholics were forbidden to read them.
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Innatism
Innatism is a philosophical and epistemological doctrine that holds that the mind is born with ideas/knowledge, and that therefore the mind is not a "blank slate" at birth, as early empiricists such as John Locke claimed.
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Interactionism (philosophy of mind)
Interactionism or interactionist dualism is the theory in the philosophy of mind which holds that matter and mind are two distinct and independent substances that exert causal effects on one another.
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Isaac Beeckman
Isaac Beeckman (10 December 1588 – 19 May 1637) was a Dutch philosopher and scientist, who, through his studies and contact with leading natural philosophers, may have "virtually given birth to modern atomism".
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.
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Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (a; 27 February 1936) was a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.
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Ivor Grattan-Guinness
Ivor Owen Grattan-Guinness (23 June 1941 – 12 December 2014) was a historian of mathematics and logic.
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Jacobus Golius
Jacob Golius born Jacob van Gool (1596 – September 28, 1667) was an Orientalist and mathematician based at the University of Leiden in Netherlands.
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Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
Jacques-Bénigne Lignel Bossuet (27 September 1627 – 12 April 1704) was a French bishop and theologian, renowned for his sermons and other addresses.
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Jan Jansz de Jonge Stampioen
Jan Jansz de Jonge Stampioen (1610, Rotterdam - 1653, The Hague) was a Dutch mathematician famous for his published work on spherical trigonometry.
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Jean Mabillon
Dom Jean Mabillon, O.S.B., (23 November 1632 – 27 December 1707) was a French Benedictine monk and scholar of the Congregation of Saint Maur.
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Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (May 19, 1762 – January 27, 1814), was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.
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Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer.
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John Amos Comenius
John Amos Comenius (Jan Amos Komenský; Johann Amos Comenius; Latinized: Ioannes Amos Comenius; 28 March 1592 – 15 November 1670) was a Czech philosopher, pedagogue and theologian from the Margraviate of Moravia"Clamores Eliae" he dedicated "To my lovely mother, Moravia, one of her faithful son...". Clamores Eliae, p.69, Kastellaun/Hunsrück: A. Henn, 1977.
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John Locke
John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".
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Johns Hopkins University Press
The Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
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Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of France (Royaume de France) was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe.
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La Flèche
La Flèche is a town and commune in the French department of Sarthe, in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire Valley.
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La Géométrie
La Géométrie was published in 1637 as an appendix to Discours de la méthode (Discourse on the Method), written by René Descartes.
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Latinisation of names
Latinisation or Latinization is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name (or word) in a Latin style.
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Leiden
Leiden (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.
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Leiden University
Leiden University (abbreviated as LEI; Universiteit Leiden), founded in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands.
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Licentiate (degree)
A licentiate is a degree below that of a PhD given by universities in some countries.
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List of minor planets: 3001–4000
#d6d6d6 | 3089 Oujianquan || || December 3, 1981 || Nanking || Purple Mountain Obs.
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Lodovico Ferrari
Lodovico de Ferrari (2 February 1522 – 5 October 1565) was an Italian mathematician.
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Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (Roi Soleil), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.
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Louvre
The Louvre, or the Louvre Museum, is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France.
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Luca Pacioli
Fra Luca Bartolomeo de Pacioli (sometimes Paccioli or Paciolo; 1447–1517) was an Italian mathematician, Franciscan friar, collaborator with Leonardo da Vinci, and a seminal contributor to the field now known as accounting.
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Machine
A machine uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an intended action.
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Marin Mersenne
Marin Mersenne, Marin Mersennus or le Père Mersenne (8 September 1588 – 1 September 1648) was a French polymath, whose works touched a wide variety of fields.
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Martin Heidegger
Martin Heidegger (26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition and philosophical hermeneutics, and is "widely acknowledged to be one of the most original and important philosophers of the 20th century." Heidegger is best known for his contributions to phenomenology and existentialism, though as the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy cautions, "his thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification".
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Martin Schoock
Martin Schoock (1 April 1614–1669) was a Dutch academic and polymath.
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Martin van den Hove
Martin (Maarten) van den Hove (Latinized as Martinus Hortensius (Ortensius)) (1605 – 7 August 1639) was a Dutch astronomer and mathematician.
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Masonry heater
A masonry heater (or masonry stove, ceramic stove, tile stove) is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating, by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel (usually wood), and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period.
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Mathematical analysis
Mathematical analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with limits and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite series, and analytic functions.
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Mathematical and theoretical biology
Mathematical and theoretical biology is a branch of biology which employs theoretical analysis, mathematical models and abstractions of the living organisms to investigate the principles that govern the structure, development and behavior of the systems, as opposed to experimental biology which deals with the conduction of experiments to prove and validate the scientific theories.
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Mathematical logic
Mathematical logic is a subfield of mathematics exploring the applications of formal logic to mathematics.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Mathesis universalis
Mathesis universalis (Greek μάθησις, mathesis "science or learning", Latin universalis "universal") is a hypothetical universal science modeled on mathematics envisaged by Descartes and Leibniz, among a number of more minor 16th and 17th century philosophers and mathematicians.
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Matter
In the classical physics observed in everyday life, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.
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Maurice, Prince of Orange
Maurice of Orange (Dutch: Maurits van Oranje) (14 November 1567 – 23 April 1625) was stadtholder of all the provinces of the Dutch Republic except for Friesland from 1585 at earliest until his death in 1625.
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Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian I (17 April 157327 September 1651), occasionally called "the Great", a member of the House of Wittelsbach, ruled as Duke of Bavaria from 1597.
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Meditations on First Philosophy
Meditations on First Philosophy —The original Meditations, translated, in its entirety.
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Mercenary
A mercenary is an individual who is hired to take part in an armed conflict but is not part of a regular army or other governmental military force.
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Mercury (element)
Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
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Metaphysics
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of being, existence, and reality.
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Method of normals
In calculus, the method of normals was a technique invented by Descartes for finding normal and tangent lines to curves.
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Michel de Montaigne
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Lord of Montaigne (28 February 1533 – 13 September 1592) was one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre.
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Military engineering
Military engineering is loosely defined as the art, science, and practice of designing and building military works and maintaining lines of military transport and communications.
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Mind–body dualism
Mind–body dualism, or mind–body duality, is a view in the philosophy of mind that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical,Hart, W.D. (1996) "Dualism", in A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind, ed.
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Mind–body problem
The mind–body problem is a philosophical problem concerning the relationship between the human mind and body, although it can also concern animal minds, if any, and animal bodies.
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Modernity
Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era), as well as the ensemble of particular socio-cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of Renaissance, in the "Age of Reason" of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century "Enlightenment".
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Momentum
In Newtonian mechanics, linear momentum, translational momentum, or simply momentum (pl. momenta) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
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Morris Kline
Morris Kline (May 1, 1908 – June 10, 1992) was a Professor of Mathematics, a writer on the history, philosophy, and teaching of mathematics, and also a popularizer of mathematical subjects.
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National Convention
The National Convention (Convention nationale) was the first government of the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly.
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Natural philosophy
Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science.
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Natural science
Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
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Neostoicism
Neostoicism was a syncretic philosophical movement, founded by Flemish humanist Justus Lipsius, that attempted to combine the beliefs of Stoicism and Christianity.
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Neuburg an der Donau
Neuburg an der Donau, literally Newcastle on the river Danube, is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria in Germany.
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Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia
Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia (1499/1500, Brescia – 13 December 1557, Venice) was a Venetian mathematician, engineer (designing fortifications), a surveyor (of topography, seeking the best means of defense or offense) and a bookkeeper from the then-Republic of Venice (now part of Italy).
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Nicolas Malebranche
Nicolas Malebranche, Oratory of Jesus (6 August 1638 – 13 October 1715), was a French Oratorian priest and rationalist philosopher.
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Noam Chomsky
Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic and political activist.
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NRC Handelsblad
NRC Handelsblad, often abbreviated to NRC, is a daily evening newspaper published in the Netherlands by NRC Media.
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Occasionalism
Occasionalism is a philosophical theory about causation which says that created substances cannot be efficient causes of events.
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Oegstgeest
Oegstgeest is a town and municipality in the province of South Holland in the western Netherlands.
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Ontological argument
An ontological argument is a philosophical argument for the existence of God that uses ontology.
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Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
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Panthéon
The Panthéon (pantheon, from Greek πάνθειον (ἱερόν) '(temple) to all the gods') is a building in the Latin Quarter in Paris, France.
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Pappus's hexagon theorem
In mathematics, Pappus's hexagon theorem (attributed to Pappus of Alexandria) states that given one set of collinear points A, B, C, and another set of collinear points a, b, c, then the intersection points X, Y, Z of line pairs Ab and aB, Ac and aC, Bc and bC are collinear, lying on the Pappus line.
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Paris Descartes University
Paris Descartes University (Université Paris 5 René Descartes), also known as Paris V, is a French public research university located in Paris.
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Parlement of Brittany
The Parlement of Brittany (Parlement de Bretagne, Breujoù Breizh) was a court of justice under the Ancien Régime in France, with its seat at Rennes.
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Passions
Passions is an American television soap opera that originally aired on NBC from July 5, 1999 to September 7, 2007, and on the DirecTV-exclusive The 101 Network from September 17, 2007 to August 7, 2008.
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Passions of the Soul
In the treatise Passions of the Soul (Les passions de l'âme), the last of Descartes' published work, completed in 1649 and dedicated to Queen Christina of Sweden, the author contributes to a long tradition of theorizing "the passions".
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Paul Tannery
Paul Tannery (20 December 1843 – 27 November 1904) was a French mathematician and historian of mathematics.
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Perception
Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.
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Philosopher
A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside either theology or science.
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Philosophical skepticism
Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling: scepticism; from Greek σκέψις skepsis, "inquiry") is a philosophical school of thought that questions the possibility of certainty in knowledge.
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Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza
Spinoza's philosophy encompasses nearly every area of philosophical discourse, including metaphysics, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science.
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Physics
Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
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Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.
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Pierre Chanut
Pierre Hector Chanut (February 22, 1601 in Riom – July 3, 1662 in Livry-sur-Seine) was a civil servant in the Auvergne, a French ambassador in Sweden and the Dutch Republic, and state counsellor.
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Pierre de Bérulle
Pierre de Bérulle, Cong. Orat. (4 February 1575 – 2 October 1629), was a French Catholic priest, cardinal and statesman, one of the most important mystics of the 17th century in France.
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Pierre de Fermat
Pierre de Fermat (Between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality.
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Pineal gland
The pineal gland, also known as the conarium, kônarion or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain.
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Plato
Plato (Πλάτων Plátōn, in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
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Pleasure
Pleasure is a broad class of mental states that humans and other animals experience as positive, enjoyable, or worth seeking.
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Pleurisy
Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (pleurae).
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Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.
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Pope Alexander VII
Pope Alexander VII (13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655 to his death in 1667.
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Prague
Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.
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Prince of Orange
Prince of Orange is a title originally associated with the sovereign Principality of Orange, in what is now southern France.
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Principles of Philosophy
Principles of Philosophy (Principia philosophiae) is a book by René Descartes.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Prytanée National Militaire
The Prytanée National Militaire, originally Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand or Collège Henri-IV de La Flèche, is a French school managed by the military, offering regular secondary education as well as special preparatory classes, equivalent in level to the first years of university, for students who wish to enter French military academies.
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Psychosomatic medicine
Psychosomatic medicine is an interdisciplinary medical field exploring the relationships among social, psychological, and behavioral factors on bodily processes and quality of life in humans and animals.
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Pullback (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pullback (also called a fiber product, fibre product, fibered product or Cartesian square) is the limit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms and with a common codomain.
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Rainbow
A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky.
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Rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".
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Reason
Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information.
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Reflex
A reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.
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Rennes
Rennes (Roazhon,; Gallo: Resnn) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine.
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Revelation
In religion and theology, revelation is the revealing or disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity or other supernatural entity or entities.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Roy Wood Sellars
Roy Wood Sellars (1880, Seaforth, Ontario – September 5, 1973, Ann Arbor) was a Canadian philosopher of critical realism and religious humanism, and a proponent of evolutionary naturalism.
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Rules for the Direction of the Mind
In 1628 or a few years earlier, René Descartes began work on an unfinished treatise regarding the proper method for scientific and philosophical thinking entitled Regulae ad directionem ingenii, or Rules for the Direction of the Mind.
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Russell Shorto
Russell Shorto (born February 8, 1959) is an American author, historian and journalist, best known for his book on the Dutch origins of New York City, The Island at the Center of the World.
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Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
Saint-Étienne-du-Mont is a church in Paris, France, located on the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève in the 5th arrondissement, near the Panthéon.
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Santpoort-Zuid
Santpoort-Zuid is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland.
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Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is a disease which can occur as a result of a group A ''streptococcus'' (group A strep) infection.
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Scholasticism
Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics ("scholastics", or "schoolmen") of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to 1700, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending dogma in an increasingly pluralistic context.
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Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
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Scientist
A scientist is a person engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge that describes and predicts the natural world.
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Sensory nervous system
The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
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Sextus Empiricus
Sextus Empiricus (Σέξτος Ἐμπειρικός; c. 160 – c. 210 CE, n.b., dates uncertain), was a physician and philosopher, who likely lived in Alexandria, Rome, or Athens.
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Siege of La Rochelle
The Siege of La Rochelle (French: Le Siège de La Rochelle, or sometimes Le Grand Siège de La Rochelle) was a result of a war between the French royal forces of Louis XIII of France and the Huguenots of La Rochelle in 1627–28.
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Simon Stevin
Simon Stevin (1548–1620), sometimes called Stevinus, was a Flemish mathematician, physicist and military engineer.
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Sjaerdemaslot
Sjaerdemaslot was a Frisian castle, a so-called "state", in Franeker, the Netherlands.
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Slavoj Žižek
Slavoj Žižek (born 21 March 1949) is a Slovenian continental philosopher.
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Snell's law
Snell's law (also known as Snell–Descartes law and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.
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Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.
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Soul
In many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, there is a belief in the incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul. Soul or psyche (Greek: "psychē", of "psychein", "to breathe") are the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.
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Specular reflection
Specular reflection, also known as regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.
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St. Martin's Day
Saint Martin's day, also known as the Feast of Saint Martin, Martinstag or Martinmas, as well as Old Halloween and Old Hallowmas Eve, is the feast day of Saint Martin of Tours (Martin le Miséricordieux) and is celebrated on November 11 each year.
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Stadtholder
In the Low Countries, stadtholder (stadhouder) was an office of steward, designated a medieval official and then a national leader.
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users.
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Star
A star is type of astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity.
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Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.
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Stoicism
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BC.
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Subjectivism
Subjectivism is the doctrine that "our own mental activity is the only unquestionable fact of our experience.", instead of shared or communal, and that there is no external or objective truth.
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Subscript and superscript
A subscript or superscript is a character (number, letter or symbol) that is (respectively) set slightly below or above the normal line of type.
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Suffering
Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, may be an experience of unpleasantness and aversion associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual.
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Summum bonum
Summum bonum is a Latin expression meaning "the highest good", which was introduced by the Roman philosopher Cicero, to correspond to the Idea of the Good in ancient Greek philosophy.
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Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire (Stormaktstiden, "Great Power Era") was a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries.
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Tad Schmaltz
Tad M. Schmaltz (born 1960) is a professor of philosophy at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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Teleology
Teleology or finality is a reason or explanation for something in function of its end, purpose, or goal.
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Teresa of Ávila
Saint Teresa of Ávila, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus, baptized as Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada (28 March 15154 October 1582), was a prominent Spanish mystic, Roman Catholic saint, Carmelite nun and author during the Counter Reformation, and theologian of contemplative life through mental prayer.
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The Description of the Human Body
The Description of the Human Body (La description du corps humain) is an unfinished treatise written in 1647 by René Descartes (1596-1650).
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The Hague
The Hague (Den Haag,, short for 's-Gravenhage) is a city on the western coast of the Netherlands and the capital of the province of South Holland.
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The Sewanee Review
The Sewanee Review is an American literary journal established in 1892.
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The Story of Civilization
The Story of Civilization, by husband and wife Will and Ariel Durant, is an eleven-volume set of books covering Western history for the general reader.
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The World (Descartes)
The World, also called Treatise on the Light (French title: Traité du monde et de la lumière), is a book by René Descartes (1596–1650).
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Theology
Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.
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Thomas Aquinas
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church.
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Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy.
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Thought
Thought encompasses a “goal oriented flow of ideas and associations that leads to reality-oriented conclusion.” Although thinking is an activity of an existential value for humans, there is no consensus as to how it is defined or understood.
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Trademark argument
The trademark argument is an a priori argument for the existence of God developed by French philosopher and mathematician, René Descartes.
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Tre Kronor (castle)
Tre Kronor (Three Crowns) was a castle located in Stockholm, Sweden, on the site where Stockholm Palace is today.
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Tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species.
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University of Franeker
The University of Franeker (1585–1811) was a university in Franeker, Friesland, the Netherlands.
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University of Illinois Press
The University of Illinois Press (UIP) is a major American university press and is part of the University of Illinois system.
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University of Poitiers
The University of Poitiers (Université de Poitiers) is a university in Poitiers, France.
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Utrecht
Utrecht is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the province of Utrecht.
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Västerlånggatan
Västerlånggatan (The Western Long Street) is a street in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.
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Virtue
Virtue (virtus, ἀρετή "arete") is moral excellence.
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Voluntarism (philosophy)
Voluntarism is "any metaphysical or psychological system that assigns to the will (Latin: voluntas) a more predominant role than that attributed to the intellect", or, equivalently, "the doctrine that will is the basic factor, both in the universe and in human conduct".
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Vomiting
Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
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Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.
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Wax argument
The wax argument or the ball of wax example is a thought experiment that René Descartes created within his Meditations on First Philosophy.
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Western philosophy
Western philosophy is the philosophical thought and work of the Western world.
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William Harvey
William Harvey (1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who made seminal contributions in anatomy and physiology.
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William of Ockham
William of Ockham (also Occam, from Gulielmus Occamus; 1287 – 1347) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher and theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey.
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Zeno of Citium
Zeno of Citium (Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς, Zēnōn ho Kitieus; c. 334 – c. 262 BC) was a Hellenistic thinker from Citium (Κίτιον, Kition), Cyprus, and probably of Phoenician descent.
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17th-century philosophy
17th century philosophy in the West is generally regarded as seeing the start of modern philosophy, and the shaking off of the medieval approach, especially scholasticism.
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Redirects here:
Adequacy Principle, Cartesium, Cartesius, Des cartes, DesCartes, Descarte, Descartes, Descartese, R. Descartes, Ren Descartes, Renatius Cartesius, Renatus Cartesius, Rene Decartes, Rene Des Cartes, Rene Descarte, Rene Descartes, Rene descartes, Renee Descarte, Renee Descartes, Renes Descartes, Renè Descartes, René Decartes, René descartes, Renée Descarte, Renée Descartes, Sum res cogitans.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Descartes
