Republican marches

The Republican marches (Marches républicaines) were a series of rallies that took place in cities across France on 10–11 January 2015 to honour the victims of the ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting, the Montrouge shooting, and the Porte de Vincennes siege, and also to voice support for freedom of speech. ^[1]

Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan

Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (عبد الله بن زايد بن سلطان ال نهيان; born 30 April 1972) is the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Arab Emirates.

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Abdullah II of Jordan

Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (عبد الله الثاني بن الحسين., ʿAbdullāh ath-thānī ibn Al-Ḥusayn, born 30 January 1962) has been King of Jordan since 1999.

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Agen

The commune of Agen is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

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Ahmet Davutoğlu

Ahmet Davutoğlu (born 26 February 1959) is a Turkish academic, politician and former diplomat who was the Prime Minister of Turkey and leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) from August 2014 to May 2016.

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Aix-en-Provence

Aix-en-Provence (Provençal Occitan: Ais de Provença in classical norm, or Ais de Prouvènço in Mistralian norm,, Aquae Sextiae), or simply Aix (medieval Occitan Aics), is a city-commune in the south of France, about north of Marseille.

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Ajaccio

Ajaccio is a French commune, prefecture of the department of Corse-du-Sud, and head office of the Collectivité territoriale de Corse (capital city of Corsica).

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Alain Juppé

Alain Marie Juppé (born 15 August 1945) is a French politician, and a member of The Republicans.

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Albi

Albi (Albi) is a commune in southern France.

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Alejandro Mayorkas

Alejandro N. Mayorkas (born November 24, 1959) is a Cuban-American lawyer who served as the Deputy Secretary of the United States Department of Homeland Security from Dec.

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Alençon

Alençon is a commune in Normandy, France, capital of the Orne department.

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Alexander Stubb

Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (born 1 April 1968) is a Finnish politician who served as the Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015.

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Ali Bongo Ondimba

Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain Bernard Bongo; 9 February 1959)"Bongo Ali", Gabon: Les hommes de pouvoir, number 4,, 5 March 2002.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.

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Angela Merkel

Angela Dorothea Merkel (Kasner, born 17 July 1954) is a German politician serving as Chancellor of Germany since 2005 and leader of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since 2000.

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Angelino Alfano

Angelino Alfano (born 31 October 1970) is an Italian politician served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018.

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Angers

Angers is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris.

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Angoulême

Angoulême (Poitevin-Saintongeais: Engoulaeme; Engoleime) is a commune, the capital of the Charente department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

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Ankara

Ankara (English; Turkish Ottoman Turkish Engürü), formerly known as Ancyra (Ἄγκυρα, Ankyra, "anchor") and Angora, is the capital of the Republic of Turkey.

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Anne Hidalgo

Ana María "Anne" Hidalgo (born 19 June 1959) is a Spanish-French politician serving as Mayor of Paris since the 2014 municipal election.

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Antonis Samaras

Antonis Samaras (Αντώνης Σαμαράς,; born 23 May 1951) is a Greek politician who was Prime Minister of Greece from 2012 to 2015 and leader of New Democracy from 2009 to 2015.

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Arun Singh

Arun Singh (born 29 August 1944) is a former union minister of state for defence in the Government of India.

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Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs

The Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs is a position within the United States Department of State that leads the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs charged with implementing American foreign policy in Europe and Eurasia, and with advising the Under Secretary for Political Affairs on matters relating to diplomatic missions within that area.

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Athens

Athens (Αθήνα, Athína; Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Atifete Jahjaga

Atifete Jahjaga (born 20 April 1975) is a Kosovar politician and stateswoman who served as the third President of Kosovo.

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Avignon

Avignon (Avenio; Provençal: Avignoun, Avinhon) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river.

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Édith Cresson

Édith Cresson (born Édith Campion, 27 January 1934) is a French politician.

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Édouard Balladur

Édouard Balladur (born 2 May 1929) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France under François Mitterrand from 29 March 1993 to 10 May 1995.

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Éric Ruf

Éric Ruf (born 21 May 1969) is a French actor and theatre director.

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Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt

Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt (born 28 March 1960) is a Franco–Belgian playwright, short stories writer and novelist, as well as film director.

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Île-de-France

Île-de-France ("Island of France"), also known as the région parisienne ("Parisian Region"), is one of the 18 regions of France and includes the city of Paris.

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İzmir

İzmir is a metropolitan city in the western extremity of Anatolia and the third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara.

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Baba Mondi

Edmond Brahimaj or Grandfather Hajji Baba Mondi (Haxhi Baba Edmond Brahimaj) (born 1959 or 1960) is an Albanian religious leader and the world leader (Kryegjysh) of the Bektashi Order, an Islamic Sufi order based in Tirana (Albania) and the Balkans.

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Bangkok

Bangkok is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Thailand.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Bastia

Bastia (Bastìa) (Corsican and Italian pronunciation) is a French commune in the Haute-Corse department of France located in the north-east of the island of Corsica at the base of Cap Corse.

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Børge Brende

Børge Brende (born 25 September 1965) is a Norwegian politician and diplomat of the Conservative Party serving as President of the World Economic Forum since 2017.

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Beirut

Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

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Bektashi Order

Bektashi Order or Shī‘ah Imāmī Alevī-Bektāshī Ṭarīqah (Tarikati Bektashi; Bektaşi Tarîkatı) is a dervish order (tariqat) named after the 13th century Alevi Wali (saint) Haji Bektash Veli from Khorasan, but founded by Balım Sultan.

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Belfort

Belfort is a city in northeastern France in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, situated between Lyon and Strasbourg.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Benjamin Netanyahu

Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician serving as the 9th and current Prime Minister of Israel since 2009, previously holding the position from 1996 to 1999.

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Bergerac, Dordogne

Bergerac is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Dordogne department in southwestern France.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.

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Bernard Willem Holtrop

Bernard Willem Holtrop (born 2 April 1941, Ermelo) is a Dutch cartoonist living in France since 1968, who publishes under the pen name Willem.

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Bertrand Delanoë

Bertrand Delanoë (born 30 May 1950) is a retired French politician who was Mayor of Paris from 25 March 2001 to 5 April 2014.

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Besançon

Besançon (French and Arpitan:; archaic Bisanz, Vesontio) is the capital of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

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Birmingham

Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England, with an estimated population of 1,101,360, making it the second most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Blois

Blois is a city and the capital of Loir-et-Cher department in central France, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours.

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Bohuslav Sobotka

Bohuslav Sobotka (born 23 October 1971) is a Czech politician who served as the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from January 2014 to December 2017 and Leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) from 2010 until his resignation in June 2017.

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Bologna

Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.

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Bonn

The Federal City of Bonn is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000.

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Bordeaux

Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.

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Boston

Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Boulevard Voltaire

Boulevard Voltaire is a well-known boulevard in the 11th arrondissement of Paris.

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Bourg-en-Bresse

Bourg-en-Bresse (Bôrg in Arpitan language) is a commune in eastern France, capital of the Ain department, and the capital of the ancient province of Bresse (Arpitan: Brêsse).

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Boyko Borisov

Boyko Metodiev Borisov (Бойко Методиев Борисов,; born 13 June 1959) is a Bulgarian politician who has been serving as the 50th Prime Minister of Bulgaria since 4 May 2017.

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Brandenburg Gate

The Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the (temporarily) successful restoration of order during the early Batavian Revolution.

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Brasília

Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District.

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Brest, France

Brest is a city in the Finistère département in Brittany.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina.

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Bujumbura

Bujumbura, (formerly Usumbura), is the capital, largest city, and main port of Burundi.

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Caen

Caen (Norman: Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France.

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Cambridge

Cambridge is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam approximately north of London.

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Cannes

Cannes (Canas) is a city located on the French Riviera.

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Cannes Film Festival

The Cannes Festival (Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival (Festival international du film) and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries from all around the world.

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Cape Town

Cape Town (Kaapstad,; Xhosa: iKapa) is a coastal city in South Africa.

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Caracas

Caracas, officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital and centre of the Greater Caracas Area, and the largest city of Venezuela.

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Carcassonne

Carcassonne (Carcaso) is a French fortified city in the department of Aude, in the region of Occitanie.

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Cardiff

Cardiff (Caerdydd) is the capital of, and largest city in, Wales, and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom.

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Caroline Fourest

Caroline Fourest (born September 19, 1975 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French feminist writer, documentary director, journalist, radio presenter at France Culture, and editor of the magazine ProChoix. She is the author of Frère Tariq ("Brother Tariq"), a critical look at the works of Muslim intellectual Tariq Ramadan.

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Chambéry

Chambéry (Chambèri, Sciamberì, and in Helvetii: Camberia) is a city in the department of Savoie, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

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Chancellor of Germany

The title Chancellor has designated different offices in the history of Germany.

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Charles Michel

Charles Yves Jean Ghislaine Michel (born 21 December 1975) is a Belgian politician who is the current Prime Minister of Belgium.

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Charleville-Mézières

Charleville-Mézières is a commune in northern France, capital of the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region.

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Charlie Hebdo

Charlie Hebdo (French for Charlie Weekly) is a French satirical weekly magazine, featuring cartoons, reports, polemics, and jokes.

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Charlie Hebdo shooting

On 7 January 2015 at about 11:30 local time, two brothers, Saïd and Chérif Kouachi, forced their way into the offices of the French satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris.

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Cherbourg-Octeville

Cherbourg-Octeville is a city and former commune situated at the northern end of the Cotentin peninsula in the northwestern French department of Manche.

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Chicago

Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.

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Christiane Taubira

Christiane Taubira or Christiane Taubira-Delannon (born 2 February 1952, Cayenne, French Guiana) is a French politician who on 15 May 2012, was appointed Minister of Justice of France in the Ayrault Government under President François Hollande.

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Claude Bartolone

Claude Bartolone (born 1951) is a Tunisian-born French politician who was President of the National Assembly of France from 2012 to 2017.

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Clermont-Ferrand

Clermont-Ferrand (Auvergnat Clharmou, Augustonemetum) is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, with a population of 141,569 (2012).

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Cluj-Napoca

Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg; Kolozsvár,; Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; and קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country.

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Cognac, France

Cognac is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

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Colmar

Colmar (Alsatian: Colmer; German during 1871–1918 and 1940–1945: Kolmar) is the third-largest commune of the Alsace region in north-eastern France.

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Conference of European Rabbis

The Conference of European Rabbis (CER) is the primary Orthodox rabbinical alliance in Europe.

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Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France

Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France (CRIF) (Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions) is an umbrella organization of French Jewish organizations.

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Constitutional Council (France)

The Constitutional Council (Conseil constitutionnel) is the highest constitutional authority in France.

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Cork (city)

Cork (from corcach, meaning "marsh") is a city in south-west Ireland, in the province of Munster, which had a population of 125,622 in 2016.

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Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian/Croatian: Vijeće ministara Bosne i Hercegovina, Савјет министара Босне и Херцеговине), often called Bosnian Government (Vlada Bosne i Hercegovine) is the executive branch of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Dalil Boubakeur

Dalil Boubakeur (born 2 November 1940) is a physician, a Mufti, and current rector of the Great Mosque of Paris.

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Dammartin-en-Goële

Dammartin-en-Goële is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

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David Cameron

David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016.

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Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf (Low Franconian, Ripuarian: Düsseldörp), often Dusseldorf in English sources, is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the seventh most populous city in Germany. Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs.

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Debout la France

Debout la France ("France Arise"; DLF) is a French political party founded by Nicolas Dupont-Aignan in 1999 under the name Debout la République (Republic Arise, DLR) as the "genuine Gaullist" branch of the Rally for the Republic (RPR).

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Democratic Movement (France)

The Democratic Movement (Mouvement démocrate; MoDem) is a centrist political party in France that is characterised by a strong pro-European stance.

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Demonstration (protest)

A demonstration or street protest is action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause; it normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, to hear speakers.

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Dijon

Dijon is a city in eastern:France, capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

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Ditmir Bushati

Ditmir Bushati (born 24 March 1977) is an Albanian politician and diplomat who has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs since September 2013.

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Dominique de Villepin

Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (born 14 November 1953) is a French retired diplomat and politician who served as the Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007.

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Donald Tusk

Donald Franciszek Tusk (Polish:; born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician who has been the President of the European Council since 2014.

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Drancy

Drancy is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in northern France.

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Dublin

Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.

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Ed Miliband

Edward Samuel Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British politician who was Leader of the Labour Party as well as Leader of the Opposition between 2010 and 2015.

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Edi Rama

Edi Rama (born 4 July 1964) is an Albanian politician, artist, writer and former basketball player, who has been the Prime Minister of Albania since 2013.

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Edinburgh

Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann; Edinburgh) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas.

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Eduard Nalbandyan

Eduard Nalbandyan (Էդվարդ Նալբանդյան; born July 16, 1956) is an Armenian diplomat.

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Emmanuelle Cosse

Emmanuelle Cosse (born 15 November 1974) is a French activist with LGBT and feminist groups, and a politician with the green party Europe Ecology – The Greens, as well as a journalist and magazine editor.

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Enda Kenny

Enda Patrick Kenny (born 24 April 1951) is an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Taoiseach from 2011 to 2017, Leader of Fine Gael from 2002 to 2017, Minister for Defence from May 2014 to July 2014 and 2016 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition from 2002 to 2011, Minister for Tourism and Trade from 1994 to 1997 and Minister of State for Youth Affairs from 1986 to 1987.

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Eric Holder

Eric Himpton Holder Jr. (born January 21, 1951) is an American attorney who served as the 82nd Attorney General of the United States from 2009 to 2015.

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Erna Solberg

Erna Solberg (born 24 February 1961) is a Norwegian politician serving as Prime Minister of Norway since October 2013 and Leader of the Conservative Party since May 2004.

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Europe Ecology – The Greens

Europe Ecology – The Greens (Europe Écologie Les Verts, EELV) is a green and centre-left political party in France.

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Ewa Kopacz

Ewa Kopacz (born Ewa Lis; 3 December 1956) is a Polish politician and a former Prime Minister of Poland.

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Faure Gnassingbé

Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé Eyadéma (born 6 June 1966, Radio Lome.) is a Togolese politician who has been the President of Togo since 2005.

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Federica Mogherini

Federica Maria Mogherini (born 16 June 1973) is an Italian politician who has served as High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy since November 2014.

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Ferenc Gyurcsány

Ferenc Gyurcsány (born 4 June 1961) is a Hungarian entrepreneur and politician.

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Ferney-Voltaire

Ferney-Voltaire is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

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First Secretary of the French Socialist Party

The First Secretary of the Socialist Party is the most senior politician within the Socialist Party in France.

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Fleur Pellerin

Fleur Pellerin (born 29 August 1973) is a French businesswoman, former civil servant and socialist politician who served as French government minister from 2012 to 2016.

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François Bayrou

François Bayrou (born 25 May 1951) is a French centrist politician and the president of the Democratic Movement (MoDem), who was a candidate in the 2002, 2007 and 2012 French presidential elections.

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François de Rugy

François Henri Goullet de Rugy (born 6 December 1973) is a French politician serving as President of the National Assembly of France since 2017.

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François Fillon

François Charles Armand Fillon (born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy.

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François Hollande

François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 2012 to 2017.

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François Lamy (politician)

François Lamy (born 31 October 1959 in Brunoy) is a French politician who, until his appointment as Junior Minister for Urban Affairs at the newly created Ministry of Territorial Equality and Housing by President François Hollande on 16 May 2012, was a member of the National Assembly of France where he represented the 6th constituency of Essonne on behalf of the Socialist Party.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Frank-Walter Steinmeier

Frank-Walter Steinmeier (born 5 January 1956) is a German politician serving as President of Germany since 19 March 2017.

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Frédéric Mitterrand

Frédéric Mitterrand (born 21 August 1947) is a French-Tunisian politician who served as Minister of Culture and Communication of France from 2009 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy.

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Freedom of speech

Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.

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Freedom of the press

Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.

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French Council of the Muslim Faith

The French Council of the Muslim Faith (Conseil français du culte musulman, usually abbreviated to CFCM), is a national elected body, to serve as an official interlocutor with the French state in the regulation of Muslim religious activities.

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French Ministry for the Economy and Finance

The French Ministry for the Economy and Finance (Ministère de l'économie et des finances), called the Finance Ministry for short and informally referred to as Bercy, is one of the most important ministries in the cabinet of France.

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Gaza City

Gaza (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998),, p. 761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory in Palestine, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". غزة,; Ancient Ġāzā), also referred to as Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip, with a population of 515,556, making it the largest city in the State of Palestine.

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Gérard Larcher

Gérard Philippe René André Larcher (born 14 September 1949) is a French politician serving as President of the Senate since 2014, previously holding the position from 2008 to 2011.

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Gebran Bassil

Gebran Gerge Bassil (جبران جرجي باسيل; born 21 June 1970) is a Lebanese politician, and as of 20 September 2015, the leader of the Free Patriotic Movement.

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Geert Wilders

Geert Wilders (born 6 September 1963) is a Dutch politician who is the founder and the current leader of the Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid – PVV).

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

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Gothenburg

Gothenburg (abbreviated Gbg; Göteborg) is the second-largest city in Sweden and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries.

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Grand Mosque of Paris

The Grande Mosquée de Paris (commonly known as The Paris Mosque or The Great Mosque of Paris in English), is located in the 5th arrondissement and is one of the largest mosques in France.

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Grenoble

Grenoble is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère.

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Guadalajara

Guadalajara is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Jalisco, and the seat of the municipality of Guadalajara.

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Guy Ryder

Guy Ryder (born 3 January 1956) is a British political scientist and union organiser who is the tenth and current director-general of the International Labour Organization (ILO).

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Hanover

Hanover or Hannover (Hannover), on the River Leine, is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg (later described as the Elector of Hanover).

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Harlem Désir

Harlem Jean-Philippe Désir (born 25 November 1959) is a French politician who served in the government of France as Secretary of State for European Affairs from 2014 to 2017.

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Hassen Chalghoumi

Hassen Chalghoumi (born Tunis, 1972) is the imam of the municipal Drancy mosque in Seine-Saint-Denis, near Paris.

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Head of Government of Tunisia

This page lists the holders of the office of Head of Government of Tunisia (chef du gouvernement tunisien).

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Helle Thorning-Schmidt

Helle Thorning-Schmidt (born 14 December 1966) is a retired Danish politician who served as the 26th Prime Minister of Denmark from 2011 to 2015, and Leader of the Social Democrats from 2005 to 2015.

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Helsinki

Helsinki (or;; Helsingfors) is the capital city and most populous municipality of Finland.

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Hervé Morin

Hervé Morin (born 17 August 1961) is a French politician, currently the President of Normandy.

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High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (abbreviated HR or HR/VP, the latter reflecting the vice presidency of the Commission) is the chief co-ordinator and representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) within the European Union (EU).

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Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; or; formerly Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville), also widely known by its former name of Saigon (Sài Gòn; or), is the largest city in Vietnam by population.

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Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege

This attack occurred at a Hypercacher kosher supermarket in Porte de Vincennes (20th arrondissement of Paris) in the wake of the ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting two days earlier, and concurrently with the Dammartin-en-Goële hostage crisis in which the two Charlie Hebdo gunmen were cornered.

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Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta

Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (born 29 January 1945), or as he is often known, IBK, is a Malian politician who has been President of Mali since 2013.

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Interfax-Ukraine

The Interfax-Ukraine News Agency (Інтерфакс-Україна) is a Kiev-based Ukrainian news agency founded in 1992.

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International Labour Organization

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency dealing with labour problems, particularly international labour standards, social protection, and work opportunities for all.

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Irakli Garibashvili

Irakli Garibashvili (ირაკლი ღარიბაშვილი, also transliterated as Gharibashvili; born June 28, 1982) was the Prime Minister of Georgia from November 20, 2013 until his resignation on December 29, 2015, and is a former business executive.

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Irina Bokova

Irina Georgieva Bokova (Ирина Георгиева Бокова; born 12 July 1952) is a Bulgarian politician and the former Director-General of UNESCO (2009-2017).

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Irish Independent

The Irish Independent is Ireland's largest-selling daily newspaper, published by Independent News & Media (INM).

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Istanbul

Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.

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Ivica Dačić

Ivica Dačić (Ивица Дачић,; born 1 January 1966) is a Serbian politician who has been the Minister of Foreign Affairs since April 2014.

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Jack Lang (French politician)

Jack Mathieu Émile Lang (born 2 September 1939) is a French politician.

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Jacques Toubon

Jacques Toubon (born 29 June 1941 in Nice, France) is a right-wing French politician who held several major national and Parisian offices.

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Jakarta

Jakarta, officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia.

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Jan Jambon

Jan Jambon (born 26 April 1960 in Genk) is a Belgian politician affiliated to the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA).

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Jane D. Hartley

Jane Dorothy Hartley (born April 18, 1950) is the former United States Ambassador to France and United States Ambassador to Monaco.

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January 2015 Île-de-France attacks

From 7 January 2015 to 9 January 2015, terrorist attacks occurred across the Île-de-France region, particularly in Paris.

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Jean-Christophe Cambadélis

Jean-Christophe Cambadélis (born 14 August 1951) is a French politician who was First Secretary of the French Socialist Party from April 2014 till June 2017.

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Jean-Christophe Lagarde

Jean-Christophe Lagarde (born 24 October 1967 in Châtellerault) is a member of the National Assembly of France.

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Jean-Claude Juncker

Jean-Claude Juncker (born 9 December 1954) is a Luxembourgish politician serving as President of the European Commission since 2014.

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Jean-Louis Debré

Jean-Louis Debré (born 30 September 1944) is a French conservative politician who served as President of the National Assembly from 2002 to 2007 and President of the Constitutional Council from 2007 to 2016.

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Jean-Luc Mélenchon

Jean-Luc Antoine Pierre Mélenchon (born 19 August 1951) is a French politician serving as a member of the National Assembly of France since 2017.

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Jean-Marc Ayrault

Jean-Marc Ayrault (born 25 January 1950) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 16 May 2012 to 31 March 2014.

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Jean-Michel Baylet

Jean-Michel Baylet (born 17 November 1946 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne) is a French politician, Senator, and former leader of the moderate center-left Radical Party of the Left.

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Jean-Michel Ribes

Jean-Michel Ribes (born 15 December 1946 in Paris) is a French playwright, screenwriter, theatre director, film maker and actor.

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Jean-Paul Delevoye

Jean-Paul Delevoye (born 22 January 1947) is a French politician.

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Jean-Paul Huchon

Jean-Paul Huchon (born 29 July 1946 in Paris, France) is a civil administrator and French politician.

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Jean-Pierre Raffarin

Jean-Pierre Raffarin (born 3 August 1948) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 6 May 2002 to 31 May 2005.

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Jens Stoltenberg

Jens Stoltenberg (born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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Joël Mergui

Joël Mergui (born 1958) is a French physician and Jewish official.

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José Bustani

José Maurício Bustani is a Brazilian diplomat who was the first director-general of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons until he was ousted after falling out with the US government in April 2002.

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Joseph Muscat

Joseph Muscat (born January 22, 1974) is a Maltese politician who has served as Prime Minister of Malta since 2013, and Leader of the Partit Laburista (PL) since June 2008.

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Justice Minister of Denmark

The Danish Minister for Justice (Justitsministeren) is the head of the Ministry of Justice and a cabinet member.

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Karl Erjavec

Karl Viktor Erjavec (born 21 June 1960) is a Slovenian lawyer and politician who served in the government of Slovenia as Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2012.

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Keit Pentus-Rosimannus

Keit Pentus-Rosimannus (born 3 March 1976) is an Estonian politician, vice-chairwoman of the biggest parliament party Reform Party and former chairwoman of its parliamentary faction.

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Kharkiv

Kharkiv (Ха́рків), also known as Kharkov (Ха́рьков) from Russian, is the second-largest city in Ukraine.

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Kiev

Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.

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Klaus Iohannis

Klaus Werner Iohannis (also spelled Johannis; born 13 June 1959) is the current President of Romania.

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La Rochelle

La Rochelle is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean.

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Laimdota Straujuma

Laimdota Straujuma (born 24 February 1951) is a Latvian economist who was the Prime Minister of Latvia from January 2014 to February 2016.

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Larnaca

Larnaca (Λάρνακα; Larnaka or İskele) is a city on the southern coast of Cyprus and the capital of the eponymous district.

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Laurent Hénart

Laurent Hénart (born 15 October 1968 in Laxou, Meurthe-et-Moselle) was a member of the National Assembly of France.

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Lausanne

Lausanne (Lausanne Losanna, Losanna) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and the capital and biggest city of the canton of Vaud.

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Laval, Mayenne

Laval is a town in western France, about west-southwest of Paris, and the capital of the Mayenne department.

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Le Havre

Le Havre, historically called Newhaven in English, is an urban French commune and city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northwestern France.

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Le Point

Le Point is a French weekly political and news magazine published in Paris, France.

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Le Républicain Lorrain

Le Républicain Lorrain (founded in 1919) is a daily regional French newspaper based in Metz.

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Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)

The Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition (more commonly known as the Leader of the Opposition) is the politician who leads the official opposition in the United Kingdom.

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Left Party (France)

The Left Party (Parti de Gauche, PG) is a French democratic socialist political party, founded on 1 February 2009.

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Liberation of Paris

The Liberation of Paris (also known as the Battle for Paris and Belgium; Libération de Paris) was a military action that took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the German garrison surrendered the French capital on 25 August 1944.

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Libourne

Libourne (Gascon: Liborna) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

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Lille

Lille (Rijsel; Rysel) is a city at the northern tip of France, in French Flanders.

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Limoges

Limoges (Occitan: Lemòtges or Limòtges) is a city and commune, the capital of the Haute-Vienne department and was the administrative capital of the former Limousin region in west-central France.

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Lionel Jospin

Lionel Jospin (born 12 July 1937) is a French politician, who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.

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Lisbon

Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 552,700, Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to France

The United States Ambassador to France is the official representative of the President of the United States to the President of France.

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List of heads of state of Mali

This is a list of heads of state of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Niger

This is a list of heads of state of Niger since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.

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List of kings of Jordan

The King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is Jordan's head of state and monarch.

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List of mayors of Paris

The Mayor of Paris (Maire de Paris) is the chief executive of Paris, the capital and largest city in the France.

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List of Presidents of Benin

This is a list of Presidents of Benin (formerly Dahomey) since the formation of the post of President in 1960, to the present day.

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List of Presidents of Gabon

This is a list of Presidents of Gabon since the formation of the post of President in 1960, to the present day.

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List of Presidents of the National Assembly of France

This article lists Presidents of the French Parliament or, as the case may be, of its lower chamber.

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List of Presidents of the Senate of France

The Senate of France is the upper house of the French Parliament.

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List of Presidents of Togo

This is a list of Presidents of Togo since the formation of the post of President in 1960, to the present day.

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List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg

The Prime Minister of Luxembourg is the head of government in Luxembourg.

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List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic

This is list of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic.

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List of Secretaries General of the Arab League

This is a list of the Secretaries-General of the Arab League since its founding in 1945.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Lorient

Lorient is a town (French "commune") and seaport in the Morbihan "department" of Brittany in North-Western France.

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Lucjan Avgustini

Lucjan Avgustini (28 August 1963 – 22 May 2016) was an Albanian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Luxembourg

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxembourg, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe.

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Luz (cartoonist)

Rénald Luzier (born 7 January 1972 in Tours), known by his pen name Luz, is a French cartoonist.

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Lyon

Lyon (Liyon), is the third-largest city and second-largest urban area of France.

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Macky Sall

Macky Sall (born 11 December 1961) is a Senegalese politician who has been President of Senegal since April 2012.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.

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Mahamadou Issoufou

Mahamadou Issoufou (born 1951) is a Nigerien politician who has been President of Niger since 7 April 2011.

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Mahmoud Abbas

Mahmoud Abbas (مَحْمُود عَبَّاس,; born 15 November 1935), also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (أَبُو مَازِن), is the President of the State of Palestine and Palestinian National Authority. He has been the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 11 November 2004, and Palestinian president since 15 January 2005 (Palestinian National Authority since 15 January 2005, and State of Palestine since 8 May 2005). Abbas is a member of the Fatah party and was elected Chairman of Fatah in 2009. Abbas was elected on 9 January 2005 to serve as President of the Palestinian National Authority until 15 January 2009, but extended his term until the next election in 2010, citing the PLO constitution, and on December 16, 2009 was voted into office indefinitely by the PLO Central Council. As a result, Fatah's main rival, Hamas, initially announced that it would not recognize the extension or view Abbas as the rightful president. The Jerusalem Post (9 January 2009) Yet, Abbas is internationally recognized and Hamas and Fatah conducted numerous negotiations in the following years, leading to an agreement in April 2014 over a Unity Government, which lasted until October 2016, and therefore to the recognition of his office by Hamas. Abbas was also chosen as the President of the State of Palestine by the Palestine Liberation Organization's Central Council on 23 November 2008, a position he had held unofficially since 8 May 2005. Abbas served as the first Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority from March to September 2003. Before being named prime minister, Abbas led the PLO Negotiations Affairs Department.

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Maja Gojković

Maja Gojković (Serbian Cyrillic: Маја Гојковић; born 22 May 1963 in Novi Sad) is a Serbian politician and current President of the National Assembly of Serbia.

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Malta Today

MaltaToday is a twice-weekly English language newspaper published in Malta.

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Manuel Valls

Manuel Carlos Valls Galfetti (born 13 August 1962) is a French politician of Spanish origin who served as Prime Minister of France from 2014 until 2016.

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March (territorial entity)

A march or mark was, in broad terms, a medieval European term for any kind of borderland, as opposed to a notional "heartland".

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Mariano Rajoy

Mariano Rajoy Brey (born 27 March 1955) is a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 2011 to 2018, when a vote of no confidence ousted his government.

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Marine Le Pen

Marion Anne Perrine "Marine" Le Pen (born 5 August 1968) is a French politician and lawyer serving as President of the National Rally political party (previously named National Front) since 2011, with a brief interruption in 2017.

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Mario Monti

Mario Monti, (born 19 March 1943) is an Italian economist who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from 2011 to 2013, despite never having been an elected politician, leading a government of technocrats in the wake of the Italian debt crisis.

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Mark Rutte

Mark Rutte (born 14 February 1967) is a Dutch politician serving as the 50th and current Prime Minister of the Netherlands since 2010 and Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie – VVD) since 2006.

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Marseille

Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.

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Martin Schulz

Martin Schulz (born 20 December 1955) is a German politician who served as leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany from March 2017 to February 2018 and as a Member of the Bundestag (MdB) since September 2017.

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Martine Aubry

Martine Louise Marie Aubry (née Delors; born 8 August 1950) is a French politician.

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Matteo Renzi

Matteo Renzi (born 11 January 1975) is an Italian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from February 2014 until December 2016.

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Mâcon

Mâcon, historically anglicized as Mascon, is a small city in east-central France.

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Mehdi Jomaa

Mehdi Jomaa (born 21 April 1962) is a Tunisian engineer and was the acting Prime Minister of Tunisia from 29 January 2014 to 6 February 2015.

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Melbourne

Melbourne is the state capital of Victoria and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania.

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Mette Frederiksen

Mette Frederiksen (born 19 November 1977) is a Danish Social Democrat politician.

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Metz

Metz (Lorraine Franconian pronunciation) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.

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Michaëlle Jean

Michaëlle Jean (born September 6, 1957) is a Canadian stateswoman and former journalist who is the third and current Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, after succeeding Abdou Diouf in January 2015; she is the first woman to hold the position.

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Michel Rocard

Michel Rocard (23 August 1930 – 2 July 2016) was a French politician and a member of the Socialist Party (PS).

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Michel Roger

Michel Roger (born March 9, 1949) was the Minister of State of Monaco.

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Michel Sapin

Michel Sapin (born 9 April 1952, Boulogne-Billancourt) is a former French politician.

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Milan

Milan (Milano; Milan) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,380,873 while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,235,000.

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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)

The Minister of Foreign Affairs (välisminister) is the senior minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Eesti Vabariigi Välisministeerium) in the Estonian Government.

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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Norway)

The Minister of Foreign Affairs (norske utanriksministeren) is a councilor of state and chief of the Norway's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)

This is a list of foreign ministers of Tsardom of Russia, Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, and Russian Federation.

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Minister of State (Monaco)

The Minister of State is the head of government of Monaco, being appointed by and subordinate to the Prince or Princess of Monaco.

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Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (Albania)

The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (Ministria për Europën dhe Punët e Jashtme) is a department ministry of the Albanian Government, in charge of diplomacy, foreign policy and the process of admission of Albania into the European Union.

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Ministry of Culture (France)

The Ministry of Culture (Ministère de la Culture) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Algeria)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (وزارة الشؤون الخارجية, Ministère des Affaires étrangères) is the Algerian government ministry which oversees the foreign relations of Algeria.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Arab Republic of Egypt (وزارة الخارجية المصرية) is the Egyptian government ministry which oversees the foreign relations of Egypt.

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Ministry of Justice (France)

The Ministry of Justice is controlled by the French Minister of Justice - Keeper of the Seals (Ministre de la Justice - Garde des Sceaux), a top-level cabinet position in the French Government.

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Miro Cerar

Miroslav Cerar Jr. (known as Miro Cerar; born 25 August 1963) is a Slovenian lawyer and politician who has served as the 10th Prime Minister of Slovenia from 18 September 2014 to 14 March 2018, when he announced his resignation, and now serves as the leader of a caretaker government lasting until a new one is formed following the June parliamentary election.

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Mohammed Moussaoui

Mohammed Moussaoui (born 1 April 1964 in Figuig, Morocco) is the president of the French Council of Muslim Faith.

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Montpellier

Montpellier (Montpelhièr) is a city in southern France.

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Montreal

Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada.

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Moscow

Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.

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Mouvement des Entreprises de France

The Mouvement des entreprises de France (MEDEF), or the Movement of the Enterprises of France, is the largest employer federation in France.

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Mulhouse

Mulhouse (Alsatian: Milhüsa or Milhüse,;; i.e. mill house) is a city and commune in eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders.

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Munich

Munich (München; Minga) is the capital and the most populated city in the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps.

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Nabil Elaraby

Nabil Elaraby (Arabic: نبيل العربي; born 15 March 1935) is an Egyptian diplomat who was Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1 July 2011 to 3 July 2016.

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Nancy, France

Nancy (Nanzig) is the capital of the north-eastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, and formerly the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, and then the French province of the same name.

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Nantes

Nantes (Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt) is a city in western France on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast.

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Narbonne

Narbonne (Occitan: Narbona,; Narbo,; Late Latin:Narbona) is a commune in southern France in the Occitanie region.

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Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet

Nathalie Geneviève Marie Kosciusko-Morizet (born 14 May 1973 in the 15th arrondissement of Paris), often referred to by her initials NKM, is a French politician.

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National Rally (France)

The National Rally (Rassemblement national, RN), formerly known as the National Front (Front national,; FN) until 2018, is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party in France.

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Nîmes

Nîmes (Provençal Occitan: Nimes) is a city in the Occitanie region of southern France.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nice

Nice (Niçard Niça, classical norm, or Nissa, nonstandard,; Nizza; Νίκαια; Nicaea) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes département.

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Nicolas Dupont-Aignan

Nicolas Dupont-Aignan (born 7 March 1961), often nicknamed NDA, is a French politician serving as President of Debout la France since 2008.

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Nicolas Sarkozy

Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa KOGF GCB (born 28 January 1955) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 16 May 2007 until 15 May 2012.

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Orléans

Orléans is a prefecture and commune in north-central France, about 111 kilometres (69 miles) southwest of Paris.

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Oslo

Oslo (rarely) is the capital and most populous city of Norway.

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Ottawa

Ottawa is the capital city of Canada.

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Overseas France

Overseas France (France d'outre-mer) consists of all the French-administerd territories outside the European continent.

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Paolo Gentiloni

Paolo Gentiloni Silveri (born 22 November 1954) is an Italian politician, who served as the 57th Prime Minister of Italy from 12 December 2016 to 1 June 2018.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Paris Opera

The Paris Opera (French) is the primary opera company of France.

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Pascal Delannoy

Pascal Michel Ghislain Delannoy (born 2 April 1957) is the current Bishop of Saint-Denis in France.

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Patrick Pelloux

Patrick Pelloux, born in 1963 in Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, is a French physician and activist.

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Pattaya

Pattaya (พัทยา) is a resort city in Thailand.

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Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Pau is a commune on the northern edge of the Pyrenees, and capital of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Département in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.

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Périgueux

Périgueux (Peireguers or Periguers) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

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Pedro Passos Coelho

Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese politician who was the 118th Prime Minister of Portugal, in office from 2011 to 2015.

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Perpignan

Perpignan (Perpinyà) is a city, a commune, and the capital of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

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Petro Poroshenko

Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko (Петро́ Олексі́йович Пороше́нко,; born 26 September 1965) is the fifth and current President of Ukraine (excluding acting president Oleksandr Turchynov), in office since 2014.

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Philippe Val

Philippe Val (born 14 September 1952) is a French journalist, singer, and comedian.

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Pierre Arditi

Pierre Arditi (born 1 December 1944) is a French actor.

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Pierre Gattaz

Pierre Gattaz (born 11 September 1959 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France) is a French business executive.

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Pierre Lemaitre

Pierre Lemaitre (born 19 April 1951 in Paris) is a Prix Goncourt-winning French author and a screenwriter, internationally renowned for the crime novels featuring the fictional character Commandant Camille Verhœven.

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Pierre Lescure

Pierre Lescure (born July 2, 1945), is a French journalist and television executive.

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Pisa

Pisa is a city in the Tuscany region of Central Italy straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea.

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Place de la Nation

The Place de la Nation (formerly Place du Trône, subsequently Place du Trône-Renversé during the Revolution) is a circle on the eastern side of Paris, between Place de la Bastille and the Bois de Vincennes, on the border of the 11th and 12th arrondissements.

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Place de la République

The Place de la République (formerly known as the Place du Château d'Eau) is a square in Paris, located on the border between the 3rd, 10th and 11th arrondissements.

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Plantu

Jean Plantureux (born March 23, 1951 in Paris), who goes by the professional name Plantu, is a French cartoonist specializing in political satire.

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Poitiers

Poitiers is a city on the Clain river in west-central France.

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Porto

Porto (also known as Oporto in English) is the second-largest city in Portugal after Lisbon and one of the major urban areas of the Iberian Peninsula.

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President of France

The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.

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President of Kosovo

The President of Kosovo (Presidenti i Kosovës, Serbian: Predsednik Kosovo), officially styled the President of the Republic of Kosovo (Presidenti i Republikës së Kosovës, Serbian: Predsednik Republike Kosovo), is the head of state and chief representative of the Republic of Kosovo in the country and abroad.

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President of Romania

The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania.

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President of the European Commission

The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the:European Union.

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President of the European Council

The President of the European Council is a principal representative of the European Union (EU) on the world stage, and the person presiding over and driving forward the work of the European Council.

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President of the European Parliament

The President of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of the European Parliament.

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President of the National Assembly of Serbia

The President of the National Assembly of Serbia (Председник Народне скупштине Србије / Predsednik Narodne skupštine Srbije) is the presiding officer of the National Assembly of Serbia.

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President of the State of Palestine

The President of the State of Palestine is the head of the State of Palestine.

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President of the Swiss Confederation

The President of the Confederation, colloquially known as the President of Switzerland or Federal President, is the head of Switzerland's seven-member Federal Council, the country's executive branch.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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President of Ukraine

The President of Ukraine (Президент України, Prezydent Ukrayiny) is the Ukrainian head of state.

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Prime Minister of Albania

The Prime Minister of Albania (Kryeministri i Shqipërisë), officially styled the Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania (Kryeministri i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and as well the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics.

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Prime Minister of Belgium

The Prime Minister of Belgium (Eerste minister van België; Premier ministre de Belgique; Premierminister von Belgien) or the Premier of Belgium is the head of the federal government in the Kingdom of Belgium.

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Prime Minister of Bulgaria

The Prime Minister of Bulgaria (Министър-председател, Ministar-predsedatel) is the head of government of Bulgaria.

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Prime Minister of Croatia

The Prime Minister of Croatia (Premijer/ Premijerka Hrvatske), officially the President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia (Predsjednik/ Predsjednica Vlade Republike Hrvatske), is Croatia's head of government, and is the de facto the most powerful and influential state officeholder in the Croatian system of government.

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Prime Minister of Denmark

The Prime Minister of Denmark (Danmarks statsminister; literally "Minister of the State") is the head of government in the Kingdom of Denmark.

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Prime Minister of Finland

The Prime Minister of Finland (Suomen pääministeri) is the head of the Finnish Government.

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Prime Minister of France

The French Prime Minister (Premier ministre français) in the Fifth Republic is the head of government.

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Prime Minister of Georgia

The Prime Minister of Georgia is the most senior minister within the Cabinet of Georgia, appointed by the President of Georgia.

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Prime Minister of Greece

The Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic (Πρωθυπουργός της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Pro̱thypourgós ti̱s Elli̱nikí̱s Di̱mokratías), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister of Greece (Πρωθυπουργός της Ελλάδας, Pro̱thypourgós ti̱s Elládas), is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet.

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Prime Minister of Hungary

The Prime Minister of Hungary (miniszterelnök) is the head of government in Hungary.

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Prime Minister of Iceland

The Prime Minister of Iceland (Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is Iceland's head of government.

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Prime Minister of Israel

The Prime Minister of Israel (רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: רה״מ; رئيس الحكومة, Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma) is the head of government of Israel and the most powerful figure in Israeli politics.

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Prime Minister of Italy

The President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri della Repubblica Italiana), commonly referred to in Italy as Presidente del Consiglio, or informally as Premier and known in English as the Prime Minister of Italy, is the head of government of the Italian Republic.

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Prime Minister of Latvia

The Prime Minister of Latvia (Ministru prezidents) is the most powerful member of the Government of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers.

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Prime Minister of Malta

The Prime Minister of Malta (Prim Ministru ta' Malta) is the Head of Government, which is the highest official of Malta.

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Prime Minister of Norway

The Prime Minister of Norway (statsminister, literally the "minister of the state") is the head of government of Norway and the most powerful person in Norwegian politics.

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Prime Minister of Poland

The President of the Council of Ministers (Polish: Prezes Rady Ministrów), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister of Poland (Polish: Premier Polski), is the leader of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland.

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Prime Minister of Portugal

Prime Minister (Portuguese: Primeiro-Ministro) is the current title of the head of government of Portugal.

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Prime Minister of Serbia

The Prime Minister of Serbia (Премијер Србије / Premijer Srbije), officially the President of the Government of the Republic of Serbia (Председник Владе Републике Србије / Predsednik Vlade Republike Srbije), is the head of the Government of Serbia.

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Prime Minister of Slovakia

The Chairman of the Government of the Slovak Republic (Predseda vlády Slovenskej republiky), also known as the Prime Minister (Premiér), is the head of the Government of Slovakia.

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Prime Minister of Slovenia

There have been eight Prime Ministers of Slovenia, officially President of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia (Predsednik Vlade Republike Slovenije), since the country gained parliamentary democracy in 1989 and independence in 1991.

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Prime Minister of Spain

The Prime Minister of Spain, officially the President of the Government of Spain (Presidente del Gobierno de España), is the head of the government of Spain.

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Prime Minister of Sweden

The Prime Minister (statsminister, literally "Minister of the State") is the head of government in Sweden.

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Prime Minister of the Netherlands

The Prime Minister of the Netherlands (Minister-president van Nederland) is the head of the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands in his quality of chair of the Council of Ministers.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.

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Prime Minister of Turkey

The Prime Minister of Turkey (Turkish: Başbakan) was the head of government of Turkey.

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Quebec City

Quebec City (pronounced or; Québec); Ville de Québec), officially Québec, is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. The city had a population estimate of 531,902 in July 2016, (an increase of 3.0% from 2011) and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 in July 2016, (an increase of 4.3% from 2011) making it the second largest city in Quebec, after Montreal, and the seventh-largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is situated north-east of Montreal. The narrowing of the Saint Lawrence River proximate to the city's promontory, Cap-Diamant (Cape Diamond), and Lévis, on the opposite bank, provided the name given to the city, Kébec, an Algonquin word meaning "where the river narrows". Founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, Quebec City is one of the oldest cities in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico, and were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the 'Historic District of Old Québec'. The city's landmarks include the Château Frontenac, a hotel which dominates the skyline, and the Citadelle of Quebec, an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence. The National Assembly of Quebec (provincial legislature), the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec), and the Musée de la civilisation (Museum of Civilization) are found within or near Vieux-Québec.

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Queen Rania of Jordan

Rania Al-Abdullah (رانيا العبد الله,; born Rania Al-Yassin on 31 August 1970) is the queen consort of Jordan.

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Quimper

Quimper (Breton: Kemper, Latin: Civitas Aquilonia or Corisopitum) is a commune and capital of the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Radiall

Radiall is a company that designs, develops, and manufactures connectors and associated components for use in electronic applications.

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Radical Party (France)

The Radical Party (Parti radical, also Parti radical valoisien, abbreviated to Rad.) was a liberal and social-liberal political party in France.

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Radical Party of the Left

The Radical Party of the Left (Parti radical de gauche, PRG) was a social-liberal political party in France.

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Ramallah

Ramallah (رام الله) is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank located north of Jerusalem at an average elevation of above sea level, adjacent to al-Bireh. It currently serves as the de facto administrative capital of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). Ramallah was historically an Arab Christian town. Today Muslims form the majority of the population of nearly 27,092 in 2007, with Christians making up a significant minority.

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Ramtane Lamamra

Ramtane Lamamra (رمطان لعمامرة); born June 15, 1952, is an Algerian diplomat who was the African Union's Commissioner for Peace and Security from 2008 to 2013 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Algeria from 2013 to 2017.

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Reims

Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.

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Rennes

Rennes (Roazhon,; Gallo: Resnn) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine.

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Rhodes

Rhodes (Ρόδος, Ródos) is the largest of the Dodecanese islands of Greece in terms of land area and also the island group's historical capital.

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Richard Malka

Richard Malka (born 6 June 1968) is a French lawyer and comics writer, comics writer and novelist.

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Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro (River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas.

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Robert Fico

Robert Fico (born 15 September 1964) is a Slovak politician who served as Prime Minister of Slovakia from 2012 until his resignation in 2018.

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Roger Cukierman

Roger Cukierman (born 1936) is a French banker, businessman and Jewish philanthropist.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Pontoise

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pontoise (Latin: Dioecesis Pontisarensis; French: Diocèse de Pontoise) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Denis

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Denis in France (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Dionysii in Francia; French: Diocèse de Saint-Denis en France) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Sapë

The Roman Catholic diocese of Sapë (Dioecesis Sappensis, Dioqeza e Sapës) is a suffragan diocese of the Latin Rite in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Shkodër-Pult of the Roman Catholic Church in northern Albania.

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Romano Prodi

Romano Prodi (born 9 August 1939) is an Italian politician who served as the 10th President of the European Commission from 1999 to 2004.

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Rome

Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).

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Saint-Étienne

Saint-Étienne (Sant-Etiève; Saint Stephen) is a city in eastern central France, in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, on the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon.

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Saint-Brieuc

Saint-Brieuc (Breton: Sant-Brieg, Gallo: Saent-Berioec) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwestern France.

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Saint-Malo

Saint-Malo (Gallo: Saent-Malô) is a historic French port in Brittany on the Channel coast.

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Sameh Shoukry

Sameh Hassan Shoukry (born 20 October 1952) is an Egyptian diplomat who has been Minister of Foreign Affairs of Egypt since 2014.

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San Francisco

San Francisco (initials SF;, Spanish for 'Saint Francis'), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.

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São Paulo

São Paulo is a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil.

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Ségolène Royal

Marie-Ségolène Royal, known as Ségolène Royal (born 22 September 1953), is a French politician and prominent member of the Socialist Party.

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Sebastian Kurz

Sebastian Kurz (born 27 August 1986) is an Austrian politician serving as the 25th and current Chancellor of Austria since 18 December 2017, as well as Chairman of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) since 15 May 2017.

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Secretary General of NATO

The Secretary General of NATO (Secrétaire général de l'OTAN) is an international diplomat who serves as the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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Secretary General of the Council of Europe

The Secretary General of the Council of Europe (Secrétaire général du Conseil de l'Europe) is appointed by the Parliamentary Assembly on the recommendation of the Committee of Ministers for a period of five years.

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Seoul

Seoul (like soul; 서울), officially the Seoul Special Metropolitan City – is the capital, Constitutional Court of Korea and largest metropolis of South Korea.

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Sergey Lavrov

Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov (Серге́й Ви́кторович Лавро́в,; born 21 March 1950) is a Russian diplomat and politician; he is currently the Foreign Minister of Russia, in office since 2004.

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Sigmar Gabriel

Sigmar Hartmut Gabriel (born 12 September 1959) is a German politician who was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2017 to 2018 and Vice-Chancellor of Germany from 2013 to 2018.

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Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson

Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson (born 12 March 1975) is an Icelandic politician who was the youngest serving Prime Minister of Iceland from May 2013 until April 2016.

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Simonetta Sommaruga

Simonetta Sommaruga (born 14 May 1960) is a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland who is a current member of the Swiss Federal Council, the federal government of Switzerland, and head of the Federal Department of Justice and Police (the Swiss justice minister).

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Sorj Chalandon

Sorj Chalandon (born 16 May 1952 in Tunis) is a French writer and journalist.

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Staffan de Mistura

Staffan de Mistura (born 25 January 1947) is a long-serving Italian-Swedish diplomat and former member of the Italian government.

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Stanislas Lalanne

Monsignor Stanislas Marie Georges Jude Lalanne (born 3 August 1948 in Metz) is a French Roman Catholic bishop.

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Stefan Löfven

Kjell Stefan Löfven (born 21 July 1957) is a Swedish politician serving as the 33rd and current Prime Minister of Sweden since 2014 and Leader of the Social Democrats since 2012.

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Steven Blaney

Steven Blaney, (born April 8, 1965) is a Canadian businessman and Conservative politician.

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.

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Strasbourg

Strasbourg (Alsatian: Strossburi; Straßburg) is the capital and largest city of the Grand Est region of France and is the official seat of the European Parliament.

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Sydney

Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.

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Tahar Ben Jelloun

Tahar Ben Jelloun (الطاهر بن جلون; born in Fes, French protectorate in Morocco, 1 December 1944) is a Moroccan writer.

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Taipei

Taipei, officially known as Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of Taiwan (officially known as the Republic of China, "ROC").

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Taoiseach

The Taoiseach (pl. Taoisigh) is the prime minister, chief executive and head of government of Ireland.

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Tarbes

Tarbes (Tarba) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France.

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Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some countries also still named by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis, is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people.

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Tehran

Tehran (تهران) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province.

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Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv (תֵּל אָבִיב,, تل أَبيب) is the second most populous city in Israel – after Jerusalem – and the most populous city in the conurbation of Gush Dan, Israel's largest metropolitan area.

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Théâtre du Rond-Point

Théâtre du Rond-Point is a theatre in Paris, located at 2bis avenue Franklin-D.-Roosevelt, 8th arrondissement.

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The Centrists

The Centrists (Les Centristes, LC), formerly known as New Centre (Nouveau Centre, NC) and European Social Liberal Party (Parti Social Libéral Européen, PSLE), is a centre-right political party in France, formed by the members of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) – including 18 of the 29 members of the UDF in the National Assembly) – who did not agree with François Bayrou's decision to found the Democratic Movement (MoDem) and wanted to support the newly elected president Nicolas Sarkozy, continuing the UDF-Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) alliance. The party foundation was announced on 29 May 2007 during a press conference and renamed on 11 December 2016.

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Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη, Thessaloníki), also familiarly known as Thessalonica, Salonica, or Salonika is the second-largest city in Greece, with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace.

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Thomas Boni Yayi

Thomas Boni Yayi (born 1 january 1952) is a Beninese banker and politician who was President of Benin from 2006 to 2016.

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Thomas de Maizière

Karl Ernst Thomas de Maizière (born 21 January 1954) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union serving as the Federal Minister of the Interior since 17 December 2013 as part of the third cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel.

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Thorbjørn Jagland

Thorbjørn Jagland (born Thorbjørn Johansen;, 5 November 1950) is a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party, currently serving as the Secretary General of the Council of Europe (since 2009).

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Tokyo

, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.

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Toronto

Toronto is the capital city of the province of Ontario and the largest city in Canada by population, with 2,731,571 residents in 2016.

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Toulon

Toulon (Provençal: Tolon (classical norm), Touloun (Mistralian norm)) is a city in southern France and a large military harbour on the Mediterranean coast, with a major French naval base.

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Toulouse

Toulouse (Tolosa, Tolosa) is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie.

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Tours

Tours is a city located in the centre-west of France.

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Troyes

Troyes is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in north-central France.

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Tulle

Tulle is a commune in central France.

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Tunis

Tunis (تونس) is the capital and the largest city of Tunisia.

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Ukrayinska Pravda

Ukrayinska Pravda (Українська правда, literally Ukrainian Truth) is a popular Ukrainian Internet newspaper, founded by Georgiy R. Gongadze in April, 2000 (the day of the Ukrainian constitutional referendum).

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Union for a Popular Movement

The Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un mouvement populaire; UMP) was a centre-right political party in France that was one of the two major contemporary political parties in France along with the centre-left Socialist Party (PS).

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Union of Democrats and Independents

The Union of Democrats and Independents (Union des démocrates et indépendants, UDI) is a centrist political party in France founded on 18 September 2012 on the basis of the parliamentary group of the same name in the National Assembly.

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United States Attorney General

The United States Attorney General (A.G.) is the head of the United States Department of Justice per, concerned with all legal affairs, and is the chief lawyer of the United States government.

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United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security

The Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security is the chief operating officer of the United States Department of Homeland Security, with responsibility for managing day-to-day operations.

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United States Secret Service

The United States Secret Service (also USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, charged with conducting criminal investigations and protecting the nation's leaders.

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Valletta

Valletta is the capital city of Malta, colloquially known as "Il-Belt" (lit. "The City") in Maltese.

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Vancouver

Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia.

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Vannes

Vannes is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France.

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Venice

Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

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Victoria Nuland

Victoria Jane Nuland (born 1961) is the former Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs at the United States Department of State.

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.

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Viktor Orbán

Viktor Mihály Orbán (born 31 May 1963) is a Hungarian politician.

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Warsaw

Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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Workers' Force

The General Confederation of Labor - Workers' Force (Confédération Générale du Travail - Force Ouvrière, or simply Force Ouvrière, FO), is one of the five major union confederations in France.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Xavier Bettel

Xavier Bettel (born 3 March 1973) is a Luxembourgish politician and lawyer, serving as the 24th Prime Minister of Luxembourg since 4 December 2013 after succeeding Jean-Claude Juncker.

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Yle

Yleisradio Oy (Finnish), also known as Rundradion (Swedish) or the Finnish Broadcasting Company (English), abbreviated to Yle (pronounced /yle/; previously stylised as YLE before the 2012 corporate rebrand), is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founded in 1926.

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Zhai Jun

Zhai Jun (born December 1954) is a Chinese diplomat.

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Zlatko Lagumdžija

Zlatko Lagumdžija (born 26 December 1955) is a Bosnian politician.

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Zoran Milanović

Zoran Milanović (born 30 October 1966) is a Croatian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Croatia from December 2011 to January 2016.

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Redirects here:

Charlie Hebdo marches, Charlie hebdo marches, January 2015 Marches Républicaines, Marches républicaines, Rally of national unity, Republican marches (January 2015).

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_marches

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