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Roman festivals

Index Roman festivals

Festivals in ancient Rome were a very important part of Roman religious life during both the Republican and Imperial eras, and one of the primary features of the Roman calendar. [1]

219 relations: Ab Urbe Condita Libri, Agonalia, Alba Longa, Alban Hills, Ambarvalia, Amburbium, Ancile, Angerona, Anna Perenna, Apollo, Aprilis, Argei, Armilustrium, Asclepius, Augury, Augustalia, Augustus, Aulos, Aventine Hill, Battle of Arausio, Battle of the Allia, Bellona (goddess), Bona Dea, Brumalia, Calends, Camenae, Campus Martius, Capitoline Hill, Capitoline Triad, Caprotinia, Cardea, Caristia, Carmentalia, Castor and Pollux, Cato the Elder, Cerealia, Ceres (mythology), Cicero, Circus Flaminius, Circus Maximus, College of Pontiffs, Columella, Compitalia, Consualia, Consus, Curio maximus, Cybele, December (Roman month), Di inferi, Di Penates, ..., Dius Fidius, Divalia, Easter, Epona, Epulum Jovis, Equirria, Fasti, Fasti (poem), Fasting, Faunus, Februarius, Feralia, Feriae Latinae, Feronia (mythology), Fides (deity), Flamen, Flora (mythology), Floralia, Fontus, Fordicidia, Fornacalia, Fortuna, Fortuna Redux, Forum Boarium, Forum Holitorium, Founding of Rome, Furrina, Furrinalia, Gauls, Glossary of ancient Roman religion, Graecostasis, Haruspex, Hendrik Wagenvoort, Hercules in ancient Rome, Howard Hayes Scullard, Ianuarius, Iunius (month), Janus, John Scheid, Julian calendar, Julius Caesar, Juno (mythology), Jupiter (mythology), Jupiter Indiges, Juturna, King of Rome, Larentalia, Lares, Lectisternium, Lemuria (festival), Leto, Liber, Liberalia, List of ancient Roman fasti, List of Roman birth and childhood deities, Livy, Lucaria, Ludi, Ludi Apollinares, Ludi Piscatorii, Ludi Plebeii, Ludi Romani, Luna (goddess), Lupercalia, Macrobius, Maius, Manes, Mania (deity), Marcus Terentius Varro, Mars (mythology), Martius (month), Mater Matuta, Matronalia, Meditrinalia, Megalesia, Mens, Mercuralia, Mercury (mythology), Minerva, Moveable feast, Nemoralia, Neptunalia, Neptune (mythology), New moon, North America, November (Roman month), Numa Pompilius, Nymph, October (Roman month), October Horse, Opiconsivia, Ops, Ostia Antica, Ovid, Pagus, Palatine Hill, Pales, Parentalia, Parilia, Pietas, Polemius Silvius, Poplifugia, Porta Capena, Porta Trigemina, Portunus (mythology), Privatus, Quinquatria, Quintilis, Quirinus, Regia, Regifugium, Religion in ancient Rome, Rex Sacrorum, Robigalia, Roman agriculture, Roman calendar, Roman consul, Roman Empire, Roman Holiday, Roman magistrate, Roman Republic, Rosalia (festival), Salii, Salus, Saturn (mythology), Saturnalia, Secular Games, Sementivae, September (Roman month), Septimontium, Sextilis, Sigillaria (ancient Rome), Skyphos, Slavery in ancient Rome, Sol (mythology), Sol Invictus, Sororium Tigillum, Spes, Summanus, Supplicia canum, Taurian Games, Tempestas, Temple of Castor and Pollux, Temple of Concord, Terminus (god), Terra (mythology), Thanksgiving, Tiber, Tiber Island, Tiberinus (god), Transvectio equitum, Tubilustrium, Tutelary deity, Vejovis, Velian Hill, Veneralia, Venus (mythology), Vertumnus, Vesta (mythology), Vestal Virgin, Vestalia, Via Sacra, Vica Pota, Victoria (mythology), Vinalia, Vitulatio, Volturnalia, Volturnus, Vulcan (mythology). Expand index (169 more) »

Ab Urbe Condita Libri

Livy's History of Rome, sometimes referred to as Ab Urbe Condita, is a monumental history of ancient Rome, written in Latin, between 27 and 9 BC.

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Agonalia

An Agonalia or Agonia was an obscure archaic religious observance celebrated in ancient Rome several times a year, in honor of various divinities.

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Alba Longa

Alba Longa (occasionally written Albalonga in Italian sources) was an ancient city of Latium in central Italy, southeast of Rome, in the Alban Hills.

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Alban Hills

The Alban Hills are the site of a quiescent volcanic complex in Italy, located southeast of Rome and about north of Anzio.

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Ambarvalia

Ambarvalia was a Roman agricultural fertility rite held on 29 May in honor of Ceres.

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Amburbium

The Amburbium ("City Circuit", from ambire, "to go around" + urb-, "city"; plural amburbia) was an ancient Roman festival for purifying the city; that is, a lustration (lustratio urbis).

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Ancile

In ancient Rome, the ancilia (Latin, singular ancile) were twelve sacred shields kept in the Temple of Mars.

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Angerona

In Roman religion, Angerona or Angeronia was an old Roman goddess, whose name and functions are variously explained.

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Anna Perenna

Anna Perenna was an old Roman deity of the circle or "ring" of the year, as the name (per annum) clearly indicates.

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Apollo

Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn (Ἀπόλλωνος); Doric: Ἀπέλλων, Apellōn; Arcadocypriot: Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn; Aeolic: Ἄπλουν, Aploun; Apollō) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology.

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Aprilis

Aprilis or mensis Aprilis (April) was the fourth month of the ancient Roman calendar, following Martius (March) and preceding Maius (May).

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Argei

The rituals of the Argei were archaic religious observances in ancient Rome that took place on March 16 and March 17, and again on May 14 or May 15.

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Armilustrium

In ancient Roman religion, the Armilustrium was a festival in honor of Mars, the god of war, celebrated on October 19.

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Asclepius

Asclepius (Ἀσκληπιός, Asklēpiós; Aesculapius) was a hero and god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology.

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Augury

Augury is the practice from ancient Roman religion of interpreting omens from the observed flight of birds (aves).

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Augustalia

The Augustalia, also known as the Ludi Augustales ("Augustan Games"), was a festival celebrated October 12 in honor of Augustus, the first Roman emperor.

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Augustus

Augustus (Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.

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Aulos

An aulos (αὐλός, plural αὐλοί, auloi) or tibia (Latin) was an ancient Greek wind instrument, depicted often in art and also attested by archaeology.

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Aventine Hill

The Aventine Hill (Collis Aventinus; Aventino) is one of the Seven Hills on which ancient Rome was built.

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Battle of Arausio

The Battle of Arausio took place on 6 October 105 BC, at a site between the town of Arausio (modern day Orange, Vaucluse) and the Rhône River.

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Battle of the Allia

The Battle of the Allia was fought between the Senones (one of the Gallic tribes which had invaded northern Italy) and the Roman Republic.

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Bellona (goddess)

Bellona was an ancient Roman goddess of war.

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Bona Dea

Bona Dea ('Good Goddess') was a divinity in ancient Roman religion.

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Brumalia

Brumalia (Brumalia,, "winter festivals") was an ancient Roman, winter solstice festival honouring Saturn/Cronus and Ceres/Demeter, and Bacchus in some cases.

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Calends

The calends or kalends (kalendae) is the first day of every month in the Roman calendar.

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Camenae

In Roman mythology, the Camenae (also Casmenae, Camoenae) were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities.

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Campus Martius

The Campus Martius (Latin for the "Field of Mars", Italian Campo Marzio), was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about in extent.

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Capitoline Hill

The Capitoline Hill (Mōns Capitōlīnus; Campidoglio), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome.

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Capitoline Triad

The Capitoline Triad was a group of three deities who were worshipped in ancient Roman religion in an elaborate temple on Rome's Capitoline Hill (Latin Capitolium).

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Caprotinia

The Caprotinia, or feasts of Juno Caprotina, were ancient Roman festivals which were celebrated on July 7, in favour of the female slaves.

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Cardea

Cardea or Carda was the ancient Roman goddess of the hinge (Latin cardo, cardinis), Roman doors being hung on pivot hinges.

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Caristia

In ancient Rome, the Caristia, also known as the Cara Cognatio, was an official but privately observed holiday on February 22, that celebrated love of family with banqueting and gifts.

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Carmentalia

Carmentalia was the two feast days (11 January and 15 January) of the Roman goddess Carmenta.

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Castor and Pollux

Castor and Pollux (or in Greek, Polydeuces) were twin brothers and demigods in Greek and Roman mythology, known together as the Dioscuri.

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Cato the Elder

Cato the Elder (Cato Major; 234–149 BC), born and also known as (Cato Censorius), (Cato Sapiens), and (Cato Priscus), was a Roman senator and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization.

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Cerealia

In ancient Roman religion, the Cerealia was the major festival celebrated for the grain goddess Ceres.

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Ceres (mythology)

In ancient Roman religion, Ceres (Cerēs) was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships.

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Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, orator, lawyer and philosopher, who served as consul in the year 63 BC.

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Circus Flaminius

The Circus Flaminius was a large, circular area in ancient Rome, located in the southern end of the Campus Martius near the Tiber River.

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Circus Maximus

The Circus Maximus (Latin for greatest or largest circus; Italian: Circo Massimo) is an ancient Roman chariot-racing stadium and mass entertainment venue located in Rome, Italy.

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College of Pontiffs

The College of Pontiffs (Latin: Collegium Pontificum; see collegium) was a body of the ancient Roman state whose members were the highest-ranking priests of the state religion.

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Columella

Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (4 – c. 70 AD) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman empire.

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Compitalia

In ancient Roman religion, the Compitalia (Latin: Ludi Compitalicii) was a festival celebrated once a year in honor of the Lares Compitales, household deities of the crossroads, to whom sacrifices were offered at the places where two or more ways meet.

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Consualia

The Consuales Ludi or Consualia was the name of two ancient Roman festivals in honor of Consus, a tutelary deity of the harvest and stored grain.

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Consus

In ancient Roman religion, the god Consus was the protector of grains.

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Curio maximus

The curio maximus was an obscure priesthood in ancient Rome that had oversight of the curiae, groups of citizens loosely affiliated within what was originally a tribe.

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Cybele

Cybele (Phrygian: Matar Kubileya/Kubeleya "Kubileya/Kubeleya Mother", perhaps "Mountain Mother"; Lydian Kuvava; Κυβέλη Kybele, Κυβήβη Kybebe, Κύβελις Kybelis) is an Anatolian mother goddess; she may have a possible precursor in the earliest neolithic at Çatalhöyük, where statues of plump women, sometimes sitting, have been found in excavations.

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December (Roman month)

December (from Latin decem, "ten") or mensis December was originally the tenth month of the Roman calendar, following November (novem, "nine") and preceding Ianuarius.

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Di inferi

The di inferi or dii inferi (Latin, "the gods below") were a shadowy collective of ancient Roman deities associated with death and the underworld.

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Di Penates

In ancient Roman religion, the Di Penates or Penates were among the dii familiares, or household deities, invoked most often in domestic rituals.

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Dius Fidius

In ancient Roman religion, Dius Fidius (less often as Dius Fidus) was a god of oaths associated with Jupiter.

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Divalia

The Divalia was a Roman festival held on December 21, in honour of the goddess Angerona, whence it is also called Angeronalia.

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Easter

Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the Book of Common Prayer, "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher and Samuel Pepys and plain "Easter", as in books printed in,, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary 30 AD.

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Epona

In Gallo-Roman religion, Epona was a protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules.

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Epulum Jovis

In ancient Roman religion, the Epulum Jovis (also Epulum Iovis) was a sumptuous ritual feast offered to Jove on the Ides of September (September 13) and a smaller feast on the Ides of November (November 13).

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Equirria

The Equirria (also as Ecurria, from *equicurria, "horse races") were two ancient Roman festivals of chariot racing, or perhaps horseback racing, held in honor of the god Mars, one February 27 and the other March 14.

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Fasti

In ancient Rome, the fasti (Latin plural) were chronological or calendar-based lists, or other diachronic records or plans of official and religiously sanctioned events.

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Fasti (poem)

The Fasti (Fastorum Libri Sex, "Six Books of the Calendar"), sometimes translated as The Book of Days or On the Roman Calendar, is a six-book Latin poem written by the Roman poet Ovid and published in 8 AD.

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Fasting

Fasting is the willing abstinence or reduction from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time.

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Faunus

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Faunus was the horned god of the forest, plains and fields; when he made cattle fertile he was called Inuus.

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Februarius

Februarius or February, fully the "February month" (mensis Februarius), was the shortest month of the Roman calendar.

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Feralia

Ferālia was an ancient Roman public festivalDumézil, Georges.

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Feriae Latinae

The Feriae Latinae or Latin Festival was an ancient Roman religious festival held in April on the Alban Mount.

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Feronia (mythology)

In ancient Roman religion, Feronia was a goddess associated with wildlife, fertility, health, and abundance.

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Fides (deity)

Fides (Latin: Fidēs) was the goddess of trust and bona fides (good faith) in Roman paganism.

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Flamen

In ancient Roman religion, a flamen was a priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic.

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Flora (mythology)

In Roman mythology, Flora (Flōra) is a Sabine-derived goddess of flowers and of the season of spring – a symbol for nature and flowers (especially the may-flower).

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Floralia

The Floralia was a festival in ancient Roman religious practice in honor of the goddess Flora, held April 27 during the Republican era, or April 28 in the Julian calendar.

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Fontus

In ancient Roman religion, Fontus or Fons (plural Fontes, "Font" or "Source") was a god of wells and springs.

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Fordicidia

In ancient Roman religion, the Fordicidia was a festival of fertility, held on the Ides of April (April 13), that pertained to farming and animal husbandry.

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Fornacalia

The Fornacalia was an Ancient Roman religious festival celebrated in honour of the goddess Fornax, a divine personification of the oven (fornax), and was related to the proper baking of bread.

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Fortuna

Fortuna (Fortūna, equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) was the goddess of fortune and the personification of luck in Roman religion.

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Fortuna Redux

In the Roman Empire, Fortuna Redux was a form of the goddess Fortuna who oversaw a return, as from a long or perilous journey.

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Forum Boarium

The Forum Boarium (Foro Boario) was the cattle forum venalium of Ancient Rome.

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Forum Holitorium

The Forum Holitorium (Foro Olitorio; Vegetable-sellers' Market) was the site of a commercial marketplace (macellum) for vegetables, herbs and oil in ancient Rome.

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Founding of Rome

The founding of Rome can be investigated through archaeology, but traditional stories handed down by the ancient Romans themselves explain the earliest history of their city in terms of legend and myth.

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Furrina

Furrina, also spelled Furina, was an ancient Roman goddess whose function had become obscure by the time of Varro.

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Furrinalia

In ancient Roman religion, the Furrinalia (or Furinalia) was an annual festival held on 25 July to celebrate the rites (sacra) of the goddess Furrina.

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Gauls

The Gauls were Celtic people inhabiting Gaul in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD).

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Glossary of ancient Roman religion

The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.

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Graecostasis

The Graecostasis was a platform in the Comitium near the Roman Forum, located to the west of the Rostra.

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Haruspex

In the religion of Ancient Rome, a haruspex (plural haruspices; also called aruspex) was a person trained to practice a form of divination called haruspicy (haruspicina), the inspection of the entrails (exta—hence also extispicy (extispicium)) of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry.

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Hendrik Wagenvoort

Hendrik Wagenvoort (August 23, 1886 – January 15, 1976) was a Dutch classical scholar.

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Hercules in ancient Rome

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Hercules was venerated as a divinized hero and incorporated into the legends of Rome's founding.

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Howard Hayes Scullard

Howard Hayes Scullard (February 9, 1903 – March 31, 1983) FBA, FSA was a British historian specializing in ancient history, notable for editing the Oxford Classical Dictionary and for his many books.

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Ianuarius

Ianuarius, fully Mensis Ianuarius (Latin for the "January Month", i.e., "The Month of Janus"), was the first month of the ancient Roman calendar, from which the Julian and Gregorian month of January derived.

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Iunius (month)

On the ancient Roman calendar, mensis Iunius or Iunius, also Junius (June), was the fourth month, following Maius (May).

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Janus

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Janus (IANVS (Iānus)) is the god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, and endings.

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John Scheid

John Scheid (born 1946 in Luxembourg under the first name Jean) is a French historian.

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Julian calendar

The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC), was a reform of the Roman calendar.

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Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), known by his cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

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Juno (mythology)

Juno (Latin: IVNO, Iūnō) is an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state.

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Jupiter (mythology)

Jupiter (from Iūpiter or Iuppiter, *djous “day, sky” + *patēr “father," thus "heavenly father"), also known as Jove gen.

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Jupiter Indiges

According to the Roman historian Livy, Jupiter Indiges is the name given to the deified hero Aeneas.

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Juturna

In the myth and religion of ancient Rome, Juturna was a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, and the mother of Fontus by Janus.

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King of Rome

The King of Rome (Rex Romae) was the chief magistrate of the Roman Kingdom.

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Larentalia

The Roman festival of Larentalia was held on December 23, but was ordered to be observed twice a year by Augustus; by some supposed to be in honour of the Lares, a kind of domestic genii, or divinities, worshipped in houses, and esteemed the guardians and protectors of families, supposed to reside in chimney-corners.

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Lares

Lares (archaic Lases, singular Lar), were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion.

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Lectisternium

The lectisternium was an ancient Roman propitiatory ceremony, consisting of a meal offered to gods and goddesses.

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Lemuria (festival)

The Lemuralia or Lemuria was a feast in the religion of ancient Rome during which the Romans performed rites to exorcise the malevolent and fearful ghosts of the dead from their homes.

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Leto

In Greek mythology, Leto (Λητώ Lētṓ; Λατώ, Lātṓ in Doric Greek) is a daughter of the Titans Coeus and Phoebe, the sister of Asteria.

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Liber

In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber ("the free one"), also known as Liber Pater ("the free Father"), was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom.

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Liberalia

The Liberalia (17 March) is the festival of Liber Pater and his consort Libera.

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List of ancient Roman fasti

Ancient Roman fasti were calendars (fasti) that recorded religious observances and officially commemorated events.

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List of Roman birth and childhood deities

In ancient Roman religion, birth and childhood deities were thought to care for every aspect of conception, pregnancy, childbirth, and child development.

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Livy

Titus Livius Patavinus (64 or 59 BCAD 12 or 17) – often rendered as Titus Livy, or simply Livy, in English language sources – was a Roman historian.

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Lucaria

In ancient Roman religion, the Lucaria was a festival of the grove (Latin lucus) held July 19 and 21.

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Ludi

Ludi (Latin plural) were public games held for the benefit and entertainment of the Roman people (''populus Romanus'').

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Ludi Apollinares

The Ludi Apollinares were solemn games (ludi) held annually by the ancient Romans in honor of the god Apollo.

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Ludi Piscatorii

The Ludi Piscatorii was a Roman holiday celebrated on 7 June in the 3rd century BC in honor of Father Tiber.

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Ludi Plebeii

The Plebeian Games (Latin Ludi Plebeii) were an ancient Roman religious festival held November 4–17.

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Ludi Romani

The Ludi Romani ("Roman Games"; see ludi) was a religious festival in ancient Rome.

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Luna (goddess)

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Luna is the divine embodiment of the Moon (Latin luna; cf. English "lunar").

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Lupercalia

Lupercalia was a very ancient, possibly pre-Roman pastoral annual festival, observed in the city of Rome on February 15, to avert evil spirits and purify the city, releasing health and fertility.

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Macrobius

Macrobius, fully Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, also known as Theodosius, was a Roman provincial who lived during the early fifth century, at the transition of the Roman to the Byzantine Empire, and when Latin was as widespread as Greek among the elite.

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Maius

Maius or mensis Maius (May) was the third month of the ancient Roman calendar, following Aprilis (April) and preceding Iunius (June).

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Manes

In ancient Roman religion, the Manes or Di Manes are chthonic deities sometimes thought to represent souls of deceased loved ones.

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Mania (deity)

In Roman and Etruscan mythology, Mania (or Manea) was a goddess of the dead.

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Marcus Terentius Varro

Marcus Terentius Varro (116 BC – 27 BC) was an ancient Roman scholar and writer.

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Mars (mythology)

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Mars (Mārs) was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome.

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Martius (month)

Martius or mensis Martius ("March") was the first month of the ancient Roman year until possibly as late as 153 BC.

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Mater Matuta

Mater Matuta was an indigenous Latin goddess, whom the Romans eventually made equivalent to the dawn goddess Aurora, and the Greek goddess Eos.

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Matronalia

In ancient Roman religion, the Matronalia (or Matronales Feriae) was a festival celebrating Juno Lucina, the goddess of childbirth ("Juno who brings children into the light"), and of motherhood (mater is "mother" in Latin) and women in general.

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Meditrinalia

In Roman religion, Meditrinalia was a now obscure festival celebrated on October 11 in honor of the new vintage, which was offered as libations to the gods for the first time each year.

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Megalesia

The Megalesia, Megalensia, or Megalenses Ludi, was a festival celebrated in Ancient Rome from April 4 to April 10, in honour of Cybele, known to Romans as Magna Mater (Great Mother).

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Mens

In Roman mythology, Mens, also known as Bona Mens or Mens Bona (Latin for "Good Mind"), was the personification of thought, consciousness and the mind, and also of "right-thinking".

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Mercuralia

Mercuralia is a Roman celebration known also as the "Festival of Mercury".

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Mercury (mythology)

Mercury (Latin: Mercurius) is a major god in Roman religion and mythology, being one of the Dii Consentes within the ancient Roman pantheon.

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Minerva

Minerva (Etruscan: Menrva) was the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare, although it is noted that the Romans did not stress her relation to battle and warfare as the Greeks would come to, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy.

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Moveable feast

A moveable feast or movable feast is an observance in a Christian liturgical calendar that occurs on a different date (relative to the dominant civil or solar calendar) in different years.

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Nemoralia

The festival of Nemoralia (aka Festival of Torches) was celebrated by the ancient Romans either on 13–15 August or on the August Full Moon, in honor of the goddess Diana (see Diana Nemorensis).

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Neptunalia

The Neptunalia was an obscure archaic two-day festival in honor of Neptune as god of waters, celebrated at Rome in the heat and drought of summer, probably 23 July (Varro, De lingua Latina vi.19).

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Neptune (mythology)

Neptune (Neptūnus) was the god of freshwater and the sea in Roman religion.

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New moon

In astronomy, the new moon is the first lunar phase, when the Moon and Sun have the same ecliptic longitude.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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November (Roman month)

November (from Latin novem, "nine") or mensis November was originally the ninth of ten months on the Roman calendar, following October (octo, "eight") and preceding December (decem, "ten").

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Numa Pompilius

Numa Pompilius (753–673 BC; reigned 715–673 BC) was the legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus.

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Nymph

A nymph (νύμφη, nýmphē) in Greek and Latin mythology is a minor female nature deity typically associated with a particular location or landform.

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October (Roman month)

October (from Latin octo, "eight") or mensis October was the eighth of ten months on the oldest Roman calendar.

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October Horse

In ancient Roman religion, the October Horse (Latin Equus October) was an animal sacrifice to Mars carried out on October 15, coinciding with the end of the agricultural and military campaigning season.

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Opiconsivia

The Opiconsivia (or Opeconsiva or Opalia) was an ancient Roman religious festival held August 25 in honor of Ops ("Plenty"), also known as Opis, a goddess of agricultural resources and wealth.

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Ops

In ancient Roman religion, Ops or Opis (Latin: "Plenty") was a fertility deity and earth goddess of Sabine origin.

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Ostia Antica

Ostia Antica is a large archaeological site, close to the modern town of Ostia, that is the location of the harbour city of ancient Rome, 15 miles (25 kilometres) southwest of Rome.

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Ovid

Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – 17/18 AD), known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.

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Pagus

In the later Western Roman Empire, following the reorganization of Diocletian, a pagus (compare French pays, Spanish pago, "a region, terroir") became the smallest administrative district of a province.

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Palatine Hill

The Palatine Hill (Collis Palatium or Mons Palatinus; Palatino) is the centremost of the Seven Hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city.

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Pales

In ancient Roman religion, Pales was a deity of shepherds, flocks and livestock.

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Parentalia

In ancient Rome, the Parentalia or dies parentales ("ancestral days") was a nine-day festival held in honor of family ancestors, beginning on 13 February.

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Parilia

''Festa di Pales, o L'estate'' (1783), a reimagining of the Festival of Pales by Joseph-Benoît Suvée In ancient Roman religion, the Parilia is a festival of rural character performed annually on 21 April, aimed at cleansing both sheep and shepherd.

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Pietas

Pietas, translated variously as "duty", "religiosity" or "religious behavior", "loyalty", "devotion", or "filial piety" (English "piety" derives from the Latin), was one of the chief virtues among the ancient Romans.

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Polemius Silvius

Polemius Silvius (fl. 5th century) was the author of an annotated Julian calendar that attempted to integrate the traditional Roman festival cycle with the new Christian holy days.

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Poplifugia

The poplifugia or populifugia (Latin: the day of the people's flight), was a festival of ancient Rome celebrated on July 5, according to Varro, in commemoration of the flight of the Romans, when the inhabitants of Ficuleae and Fidenae appeared in arms against them, shortly after the burning of the city by the Gauls (see Battle of the Allia); the traditional victory of the Romans, which followed, was commemorated on July 7 (called the Nonae Caprotinae as a feast of Juno Caprotina), and on the next day was the Vitulatio, supposed to mark the thank-offering of the pontifices for the event.

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Porta Capena

The Porta Capena was a gate in the Servian Wall near the Caelian Hill, in Rome, Italy according to Roman tradition the sacred grove where Numa Pompilius and the nymph Egeria would meet.

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Porta Trigemina

The Porta Trigemina was one of the main gates in the ancient 4th century Servian Wall of Rome, Italy.

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Portunus (mythology)

Portunus was the ancient Roman god of keys, doors, livestock and ports.

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Privatus

In Roman law, the Latin adjective privatus makes a legal distinction between that which is "private" and that which is publicus, "public" in the sense of pertaining to the Roman people (''populus Romanus'').

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Quinquatria

In ancient Roman religion, the Quinquatria or Quinquatrus was a festival sacred to the Goddess Minerva, celebrated from the 19-23 of March.

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Quintilis

In the ancient Roman calendar, Quintilis or Quinctilis was the month following Junius (June) and preceding Sextilis (August).

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Quirinus

In Roman mythology and religion, Quirinus is an early god of the Roman state.

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Regia

The Regia was a two-part structure in Ancient Rome lying along the Sacra Via at the edge of the Roman Forum that originally served as the residence or one of the main headquarters of kings of Rome and later as the office of the Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of Roman state religion.

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Regifugium

The Regifugium ("Flight of the King") or Fugalia ("Festival of the Flight") was an annual religious festival that took place in ancient Rome every February 24 (a.d. VI Kal.).

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Religion in ancient Rome

Religion in Ancient Rome includes the ancestral ethnic religion of the city of Rome that the Romans used to define themselves as a people, as well as the religious practices of peoples brought under Roman rule, in so far as they became widely followed in Rome and Italy.

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Rex Sacrorum

In ancient Roman religion, the rex sacrorum ("king of the sacred", also sometimes rex sacrificulus, " offerings made by the king") was a senatorial priesthood reserved for patricians.

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Robigalia

The Robigalia was a festival in ancient Roman religion held April 25, named for the god Robigus.

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Roman agriculture

Agriculture in ancient Rome was not only a necessity, but was idealized among the social elite as a way of life.

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Roman calendar

The Roman calendar was the calendar used by the Roman kingdom and republic.

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Roman consul

A consul held the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic (509 to 27 BC), and ancient Romans considered the consulship the highest level of the cursus honorum (an ascending sequence of public offices to which politicians aspired).

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Roman Holiday

Roman Holiday is a 1953 American romantic comedy film directed and produced by William Wyler.

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Roman magistrate

The Roman magistrates were elected officials in Ancient Rome.

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Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.

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Rosalia (festival)

In the Roman Empire, Rosalia or Rosaria was a festival of roses celebrated on various dates, primarily in May, but scattered through mid-July.

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Salii

In ancient Roman religion, the Salii were the "leaping priests" (from the verb saliō "leap, jump") of Mars supposed to have been introduced by King Numa Pompilius.

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Salus

Salus (salus, "safety", "salvation", "welfare") was a Roman goddess.

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Saturn (mythology)

Saturn (Saturnus) is a god in ancient Roman religion, and a character in myth as a god of generation, dissolution, plenty, wealth, agriculture, periodic renewal and liberation.

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Saturnalia

Saturnalia was an ancient Roman festival in honour of the god Saturn, held on 17 December of the Julian calendar and later expanded with festivities through to 23 December.

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Secular Games

The Secular Games (Ludi saeculares, originally Ludi Terentini) was a Roman religious celebration, involving sacrifices and theatrical performances, held in ancient Rome for three days and nights to mark the end of a saeculum and the beginning of the next.

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Sementivae

Sementivae, also known as Feriae Sementivae or Sementina dies (in the country called Paganalia), was a Roman festival of sowing.

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September (Roman month)

September (from Latin septem, "seven") or mensis September was originally the seventh of ten months on the ancient Roman calendar that began with March (mensis Martius, "Mars' month").

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Septimontium

The Septimontium was a pre-urban festival celebrated in ancient Rome by montani, residents of the seven (sept-) communities associated with the hills or peaks of Rome (montes): Oppius, Palatium, Velia, Fagutal, Cermalus, Caelius, and Cispius.

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Sextilis

Sextilis ("sixth") or mensis Sextilis was the Latin name for what was originally the sixth month in the Roman calendar, when March (Martius, "Mars' month") was the first of ten months in the year.

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Sigillaria (ancient Rome)

In ancient Roman culture, sigillaria were pottery or wax figurines given as traditional gifts during the Saturnalia.

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Skyphos

A skyphos (σκύφος; plural skyphoi) is a two-handled deep wine-cup on a low flanged base or none.

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Slavery in ancient Rome

Slavery in ancient Rome played an important role in society and the economy.

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Sol (mythology)

Sol was the solar deity in ancient Roman religion.

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Sol Invictus

Sol Invictus ("Unconquered Sun") is the official sun god of the later Roman Empire and a patron of soldiers.

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Sororium Tigillum

The Sororium Tigillum, which translates as the "sister's beam", was a wooden beam said to have been erected on the slope of the Oppian Hill in Ancient Rome by the father of Publius Horatius, one of the three brothers Horatii.

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Spes

In ancient Roman religion, Spes (pronounced) was the goddess of hope.

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Summanus

In ancient Roman religion, Summanus (Summānus) was the god of nocturnal thunder, as counterposed to Jupiter, the god of diurnal (daylight) thunder.

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Supplicia canum

The supplicia canum ("punishment of the dogs") was an annual sacrifice of ancient Roman religion in which live dogs were suspended from a furca ("fork") or cross (crux) and paraded.

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Taurian Games

The Taurian Games (Latin Ludi Taurii or Ludi Taurei, rarely Taurilia) were games (ludi) held in ancient Rome in honor of the di inferi, the gods of the underworld.

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Tempestas

In ancient Roman religion, Tempestas (Latin tempestas: "season, weather; bad weather; storm, tempest") is a goddess of storms or sudden weather.

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Temple of Castor and Pollux

The Temple of Castor and Pollux (Tempio dei Dioscuri) is an ancient temple in the Roman Forum, Rome, central Italy.

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Temple of Concord

The Temple of Concord (Aedes Concordiae) in the ancient city of Rome refers to a series of shrines or temples dedicated to the Roman goddess Concordia, and erected at the western end of the Roman Forum.

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Terminus (god)

In Roman religion, Terminus was the god who protected boundary markers; his name was the Latin word for such a marker.

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Terra (mythology)

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Tellus Mater or Terra Mater ("Mother Earth") is a goddess of the earth.

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Thanksgiving

Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated in Canada, the United States, some of the Caribbean islands, and Liberia.

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Tiber

The Tiber (Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio, where it is joined by the river Aniene, to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino.

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Tiber Island

The Tiber Island (Isola Tiberina, Latin: Insula Tiberina) is the only island in the part of the Tiber river which runs through Rome.

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Tiberinus (god)

Tiberinus is a figure in Roman mythology.

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Transvectio equitum

The Transvectio equitum (English: "review of the cavalry") was a parade of the young men (iuventus) of the Roman equestrian class (equites) that took place annually on 15 July.

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Tubilustrium

In Ancient Rome the month of March was the traditional start of the campaign season, and the Tubilustrium was a ceremony to make the army fit for war.

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Tutelary deity

A tutelary (also tutelar) is a deity or spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation.

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Vejovis

Vejovis or Vejove (italic or Vēdiovis; rare Vēive or Vēdius) was a Roman god.

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Velian Hill

The Velia — or Velian Hill or Velian Ridge — is a saddle or spur stretching out from the middle of the north side of the Palatine Hill towards the Oppian Hill (itself a spur of the Esquiline Hill) in Rome.

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Veneralia

The Veneralia was an ancient Roman festival celebrated April 1 (the Kalends of Aprilis) in honor of Venus Verticordia ("Venus the changer of hearts") and Fortuna Virilis ("Manly" or "Virile Fortune").

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Venus (mythology)

Venus (Classical Latin) is the Roman goddess whose functions encompassed love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity and victory.

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Vertumnus

In Roman mythology, Vertumnus (also Vortumnus or Vertimnus) is the god of seasons, change and plant growth, as well as gardens and fruit trees.

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Vesta (mythology)

Vesta is the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman religion.

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Vestal Virgin

In ancient Rome, the Vestals or Vestal Virgins (Latin: Vestālēs, singular Vestālis) were priestesses of Vesta, goddess of the hearth.

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Vestalia

Vestalia was a Roman religious festival in honor of Vesta, the goddess of the hearth and the burning continuation of the sacred fire of Rome.

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Via Sacra

The Via Sacra (Sacred Road) was the main street of ancient Rome, leading from the top of the Capitoline Hill, through some of the most important religious sites of the Forum (where it is the widest street), to the Colosseum.

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Vica Pota

In ancient Roman religion, Vica Pota was a goddess whose shrine (aedes) was located at the foot of the Velian Hill, on the site of the domus of Publius Valerius Publicola.

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Victoria (mythology)

Victoria, in ancient Roman religion, was the personified goddess of victory.

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Vinalia

The Vinalia were Roman festivals of the wine harvest, wine vintage and gardens, held in honour of Jupiter and Venus.

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Vitulatio

The Vitulatio was an annual thanksgiving celebrated in ancient Rome on July 8, the day after the Nonae Caprotinae and following the Poplifugia on July 5.

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Volturnalia

Volturnalia was the Roman festival on August 27 dedicated to Volturnus, 'god of the waters,' god of fountains.

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Volturnus

In Roman mythology, Volturnus was a god of the Tiber, and may have been the god of all rivers.

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Vulcan (mythology)

Vulcan (Latin: Volcānus or Vulcānus) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, metalworking, and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth.

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Faunalia, Feriae conceptivae, Mercatus, Roman Festival, Roman Festivals, Roman festival.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_festivals

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