370 relations: Abrud, Absolute monarchy, Alba County, Alba Iulia, Albania, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Amphetamine, Angel, Angela Gheorghiu, Arad County, Armenians of Romania, Aromanian language, Aromanians, Art of Romania, Asia, Assumption of Mary Cathedral, Baia Mare, Aurel Vlaicu, Aurochs, Austria-Hungary, Austrian Empire, Austrians, Autosome, Avram Iancu, Babesiosis, Balkans, Banat, Bessarabia, Bihor County, Black eagle, Bogdan I of Moldavia, Brașov, Brașov County, Bram Stoker, Brazil, Brodnici, Bucharest, Buhuși, Bukovina, Bulgarians, Bulgars, Byzantine Empire, Canada, Carol I of Romania, Carol II of Romania, Carpathian Mountains, Carpi (people), Catholic Church in Romania, Cell biology, Celts, Celts in Transylvania, ..., Census, Central Europe, Central Powers, Christian, Cluj-Napoca, Coandă effect, Coat of arms of Romania, Constanța, Constantin Brâncuși, Constitutional monarchy, Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova, Count Dracula, Counties of Romania, Cristi Puiu, Cristian Mungiu, Croatia, Cross, Cultural heritage, Culture of Romania, Cumania, Cybernetics, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Czechs, Dacia, Dacian language, Dacians, Daco-Roman, Danubian Principalities, David S. 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Volhynia, Vrancea County, Walhaz, Wallachia, Wallachian Revolution of 1848, Wallachian uprising of 1821, West Slavs, Western Europe, White Wallachia, World War I, Yehudi Menuhin, Zlatna, 2000 United States Census. Expand index (320 more) »
Abrud
Abrud (Abruttus;Ștefan Pascu: A History of Transylvania, Dorset Press, 1990,, Abrudbánya; Großschlatten) is a town in the north-western part of Alba County, Transylvania, Romania, located on the river Abrud.
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Absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs.
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Alba County
Alba is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, its capital city being Alba-Iulia with a population of 63,536.
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Alba Iulia
Alba Iulia (Karlsburg or Carlsburg, formerly Weißenburg, Gyulafehérvár, Apulum, Ottoman Turkish: Erdel Belgradı or Belgrad-ı Erdel) is a city located on the Mureş River in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 63,536.
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Albania
Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.
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Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Alexandru Ioan Cuza (or Alexandru Ioan I, also anglicised as Alexander John Cuza; 20 March 1820 – 15 May 1873) was Prince of Moldavia, Prince of Wallachia, and later Domnitor (Ruler) of the Romanian Principalities.
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Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
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Angel
An angel is generally a supernatural being found in various religions and mythologies.
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Angela Gheorghiu
Angela Gheorghiu (née Burlacu; born 7 September 1965) is a Romanian soprano.
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Arad County
Arad is an administrative division (judeţ) of Romania roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with Hungary, mostly in the region of Crișana and few villages in Banat.
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Armenians of Romania
Armenians have been present in what is now Romania and Moldova for over a millennium, and have been an important presence as traders since the 14th century.
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Aromanian language
Aromanian (rrãmãneshti, armãneashti, armãneshce., "Aromanian", or limba rrãmãniascã/ armãneascã/ armãneshce, "Aromanian language"), also known as Macedo-Romanian or Vlach, is an Eastern Romance language, similar to Meglenoromanian, or a dialect of the Romanian language.
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Aromanians
The Aromanians (Rrãmãnj, Armãnj; Aromâni) are a Latin European ethnic group native to the Balkans, traditionally living in northern and central Greece, central and southern Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo and south-western Bulgaria.
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Art of Romania
Art of Romania encompasses the artists and artistic movements in Romania.
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Asia
Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.
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Assumption of Mary Cathedral, Baia Mare
The Assumption of Mary Cathedral (Catedrala Adormirea Maicii Domnului din Baia Mare, Catedrala Sfânta Maria) is a Romanian Orthodox church in Baia Mare, Romania.
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Aurel Vlaicu
Aurel Vlaicu (November 19, 1882 – September 13, 1913) was a Romanian engineer, inventor, airplane constructor and early pilot.
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Aurochs
The aurochs (or; pl. aurochs, or rarely aurochsen, aurochses), also known as urus or ure (Bos primigenius), is an extinct species of large wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa.
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Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.
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Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling Kaisertum Österreich) was a Central European multinational great power from 1804 to 1919, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs.
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Austrians
Austrians (Österreicher) are a Germanic nation and ethnic group, native to modern Austria and South Tyrol that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history.
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Autosome
An autosome is a chromosome that is not an allosome (a sex chromosome).
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Avram Iancu
Avram Iancu (1824 – September 10, 1872) was a Transylvanian Romanian lawyer who played an important role in the local chapter of the Austrian Empire Revolutions of 1848–1849.
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Babesiosis
Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with Babesia, a genus of Apicomplexa.
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Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
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Banat
The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe that is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Körös/Criș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except a part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád county).
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Bessarabia
Bessarabia (Basarabia; Бессарабия, Bessarabiya; Besarabya; Бессара́бія, Bessarabiya; Бесарабия, Besarabiya) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.
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Bihor County
Bihor is a county (județ) of Romania, in Crișana.
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Black eagle
The black eagle (Ictinaetus malaiensis) is a bird of prey.
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Bogdan I of Moldavia
Bogdan I, or Bogdan the Founder (Bogdan Întemeietorul), was the first independent ruler, or voivode, of Moldavia in the 1360s.
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Brașov
Brașov (Corona, Kronstadt, Transylvanian Saxon: Kruhnen, Brassó) is a city in Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County.
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Brașov County
Brașov County is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Brașov.
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Bram Stoker
Abraham "Bram" Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912) was an Irish author, best known today for his 1897 Gothic novel Dracula.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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Brodnici
The Brodnici (Бродники, Brodniki) were a tribe of uncertain origin.
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Bucharest
Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.
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Buhuși
Buhuși (באהוש Bohush) is a town in Bacău County, Romania with a population of 14,562 (2011).
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Bukovina
Bukovina (Bucovina; Bukowina/Buchenland; Bukowina; Bukovina, Буковина Bukovyna; see also other languages) is a historical region in Central Europe,Klaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 divided between Romania and Ukraine, located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains.
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Bulgarians
Bulgarians (българи, Bǎlgari) are a South Slavic ethnic group who are native to Bulgaria and its neighboring regions.
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Bulgars
The Bulgars (also Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolgars, Bolghars, Bolgari, Proto-Bulgarians) were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic-Caspian steppe and the Volga region during the 7th century.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Canada
Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.
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Carol I of Romania
Carol I (20 April 1839 – 27 September (O.S.) / 10 October (N.S.) 1914), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to 1914.
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Carol II of Romania
Carol II (15 October 18934 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940.
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Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.
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Carpi (people)
The Carpi or Carpiani were an ancient people that resided in the eastern parts of modern Romania in the historical region of Moldavia from no later than c. AD 140 and until at least AD 318.
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Catholic Church in Romania
The Catholic Church (Biserica Catolică din România, Romániai Római Katolikus Egyház, Katholische Kirche in Rumänien) in Romania is a Latin Rite Christian church, part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
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Cell biology
Cell biology (also called cytology, from the Greek κυτος, kytos, "vessel") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, the basic unit of life.
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Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.
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Celts in Transylvania
The appearance of Celts in Transylvania can be traced to the later La Tène period (c. 4th century BC).
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Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population.
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Central Europe
Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.
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Central Powers
The Central Powers (Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttifak Devletleri / Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit), consisting of Germany,, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria – hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (Vierbund) – was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914–18).
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Christian
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
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Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg; Kolozsvár,; Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; and קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country.
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Coandă effect
The Coandă effect is the tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a convex surface.
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Coat of arms of Romania
The coat of arms of Romania was adopted in the Romanian Parliament on 10 September 1992 as a representative coat of arms for Romania.
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Constanța
Constanța (Κωνστάντζα or Κωνστάντια, Konstantia, Кюстенджа or Констанца, Köstence), historically known as Tomis (Τόμις), is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Romania.
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Constantin Brâncuși
Constantin Brâncuși (February 19, 1876 – March 16, 1957) was a Romanian sculptor, painter and photographer who made his career in France.
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Constitutional monarchy
A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution.
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Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova
A controversy exists over the national identity and name of the native language of the main ethnic group in the Republic of Moldova.
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Count Dracula
Count Dracula is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel Dracula.
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Counties of Romania
A total of 41 counties (județe), along with the municipality of Bucharest, constitute the official administrative divisions of Romania.
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Cristi Puiu
Cristi Puiu (born 3 April 1967) is a Romanian film director and screenwriter.
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Cristian Mungiu
Cristian Mungiu (born 27 April 1968) is a Romanian filmmaker, winner of the Palme d'Or in 2007.
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Croatia
Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.
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Cross
A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other.
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Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and preserved for the benefit of future generations.
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Culture of Romania
The culture of Romania is the product of its geography and its distinct historical evolution.
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Cumania
The name Cumania originated as the Latin exonym for the Cuman-Kipchak confederation, which was a Turkic confederation in the western part of the Eurasian Steppe, between the 10th and 13th centuries.
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Cybernetics
Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems—their structures, constraints, and possibilities.
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Cyprus
Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.
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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.
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Czechs
The Czechs (Češi,; singular masculine: Čech, singular feminine: Češka) or the Czech people (Český národ), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and Czech language.
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Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians.
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Dacian language
The extinct Dacian language was spoken in the Carpathian region in antiquity.
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Dacians
The Dacians (Daci; loc Δάοι, Δάκαι) were an Indo-European people, part of or related to the Thracians.
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Daco-Roman
The term Daco-Roman describes the Romanized culture of Dacia under the rule of the Roman Empire.
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Danubian Principalities
Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene, translit) was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century.
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David S. Levinson
David Samuel Levinson (born 1969) is an American short-story writer and novelist.
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Déjà vu
Déjà vu is the feeling that the situation currently being experienced has already been experienced in the past.
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Decebalus
Decebalus (r. 87–106 AD) was the last king of Dacia.
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Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)
The Democratic Liberal Party (Partidul Democrat-Liberal, PDL) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania.
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Democratic Party (Romania)
The Democratic Party (Partidul Democrat, PD) was a social-democratic and, later, a centre-right political party in Romania.
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Denmark
Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.
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Densuș Church
The Densuș Church (also known as St Nicholas' Church) in the village of Densuș, Hunedoara County, Romania is one of the oldest Romanian churches still standing.
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Dniester
The Dniester or Dnister River is a river in Eastern Europe.
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Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (Добруджа, transliterated: Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea or; Dobruca) is a historical region in Eastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.
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Dolj County
Dolj (originally meant Dol(no)-Jiu, "lower Jiu", as opposed to Gorj (upper Jiu)) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova.
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Dolphin
Dolphins are a widely distributed and diverse group of aquatic mammals.
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Domnitor
Domnitor (pl. Domnitori) was the official title of the ruler of Romania between 1862 and 1881.
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Dormition of the Theotokos Church, Strei
The Dormition of the Theotokos Church (Biserica "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" din Strei) is a Romanian Orthodox church in Strei village, Călan town, Hunedoara County, Romania.
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Eagle
Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae.
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Early Slavs
The early Slavs were a diverse group of tribal societies who lived during the Migration Period and Early Middle Ages (approximately the 5th to the 10th centuries) in Eastern Europe and established the foundations for the Slavic nations through the Slavic states of the High Middle Ages.
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East Asia
East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.
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East–West Schism
The East–West Schism, also called the Great Schism and the Schism of 1054, was the break of communion between what are now the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches, which has lasted since the 11th century.
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Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Eastern Romance languages
The Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages that developed in Eastern Europe (specifically in the Balkans) from the local variant of Vulgar Latin.
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Emil Cioran
Emil Cioran (8 April 1911 – 20 June 1995) was a Romanian philosopher and essayist, who published works in both Romanian and French.
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Emil Constantinescu
Emil Constantinescu (born 19 November 1939) is a Romanian professor and politician, who served as the third President of Romania, from 1996 to 2000.
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Emil Racoviță
Emil Racoviță (also spelled Racovitza; 15 November 1868 – 17 November 1947) was a Romanian biologist, zoologist, speleologist, explorer of Antarctica and the first biologist in the world to study the arctic life.
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Engineering
Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Ethnogenesis
Ethnogenesis (from Greek ethnos ἔθνος, "group of people, nation", and genesis γένεσις, "beginning, coming into being"; plural ethnogeneses) is "the formation and development of an ethnic group." This can originate through a process of self-identification as well as come about as the result of outside identification.
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Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world.
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Eugène Ionesco
Eugène Ionesco (born Eugen Ionescu,; 26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian-French playwright who wrote mostly in French, and one of the foremost figures of the French Avant-garde theatre.
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Eurobarometer
Eurobarometer is a series of public opinion surveys conducted regularly on behalf of the European Commission since 1973.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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European bison
The European bison (Bison bonasus), also known as wisent or the European wood bison, is a Eurasian species of bison.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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Evil eye
The evil eye is a curse or legend believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware.
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Exonym and endonym
An exonym or xenonym is an external name for a geographical place, or a group of people, an individual person, or a language or dialect.
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Extraterrestrial life
Extraterrestrial life,Where "extraterrestrial" is derived from the Latin extra ("beyond", "not of") and terrestris ("of Earth", "belonging to Earth").
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Ștefan Odobleja
Ştefan Odobleja (13 October 1902 – 4 September 1978) was a Romanian scientist considered to be one of the precursors of cybernetics.
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Ferdinand I of Romania
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 10 October 1914 until his death in 1927.
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Flag of Romania
The national flag of Romania (drapelul României) is a tricolor with vertical stripes, beginning from the flagpole: blue, yellow and red.
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Folklore of Romania
A feature of Romanian culture is the special relationship between folklore and the learned culture, determined by two factors.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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Gagauz people
The Gagauzes are a Turkic people living mostly in southern Moldova (Gagauzia, Taraclia District, Basarabeasca District), southwestern Ukraine (Budjak), northeastern Bulgaria, Greece, Brazil, the United States and Canada.
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Geography of Romania
With an area of 238,400 square kilometers, Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe.
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George Constantinescu
George "Gogu" Constantinescu (first name's diminutive is Gogu, last name also Constantinesco; 4 October 1881 – 11 December 1965) was a Romanian scientist, engineer and inventor.
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George Emil Palade
George Emil Palade ForMemRS HonFRMS (November 19, 1912 – October 8, 2008) was a Romanian-American cell biologist.
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George Enescu
George Enescu (19 August 1881 – 4 May 1955), known in France as Georges Enesco, was a Romanian composer, violinist, pianist, conductor, and teacher.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Southern Africa.
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Germans of Romania
The Germans of Romania or Rumäniendeutsche are an ethnic group of Romania.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Getae
The Getae or or Gets (Γέται, singular Γέτης) were several Thracian tribes that once inhabited the regions to either side of the Lower Danube, in what is today northern Bulgaria and southern Romania.
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Gheorghe Hagi
Gheorghe "Gică" Hagi (born 5 February 1965) is a Romanian former professional footballer, considered one of the best attacking midfielders in Europe during the 1980s and '90s and the greatest Romanian footballer of all time.
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Ghost
In folklore, a ghost (sometimes known as an apparition, haunt, phantom, poltergeist, shade, specter or spectre, spirit, spook, and wraith) is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living.
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God
In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and the principal object of faith.
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Goths
The Goths (Gut-þiuda; Gothi) were an East Germanic people, two of whose branches, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire through the long series of Gothic Wars and in the emergence of Medieval Europe.
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Great Vlachia
Great Wallachia or Great Vlachia (Μεγάλη Βλαχία, Megáli Vlachía) or simply Vlachia (Βλαχία) was a province in southeastern Thessaly in the late 12th century, and was used to denote the entire region of Thessaly in the 13th and 14th centuries.
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Greece
No description.
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Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.
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Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.
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Haplogroup E-V68
Haplogroup E-V68, also known as E1b1b1a, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup found in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia and Europe.
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Haplogroup I-M170
Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup I-M438
Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 (and until 2007 as I1b), is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of Haplogroup I-M170.
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Haplogroup J-M172
In human genetics, Haplogroup J-M172 or J2 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subclade (branch) of haplogroup J-P209.
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Haplogroup R1a
Haplogroup R1a, or haplogroup R-M420, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to southern Siberia and South Asia.
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Haplogroup R1b
Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), also known as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.
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Harghita County
Harghita (Hargita megye) is a county (județ) in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc.
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Heaven
Heaven, or the heavens, is a common religious, cosmological, or transcendent place where beings such as gods, angels, spirits, saints, or venerated ancestors are said to originate, be enthroned, or live.
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Henri Coandă
Henri Marie Coandă (7 June 1886 – 25 November 1972Flight 1973) was a Romanian inventor, aerodynamics pioneer, and builder of an experimental aircraft, the Coandă-1910 described by Coandă in the mid-1950s as the world's first jet, a controversial claim disputed by some and supported by others.
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History of Romania
This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the history of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below).
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History of the Jews in Romania
The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory.
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Holy Trinity Cathedral, Blaj
The Holy Trinity Cathedral (Catedrala Sfânta Treime) in Blaj, Romania is a Romanian Greek Catholic cathedral commissioned by bishop Inocențiu Micu-Klein in 1738.
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Horoscope
A horoscope is an astrological chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, astrological aspects and sensitive angles at the time of an event, such as the moment of a person's birth.
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House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a dynasty of former princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania.
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Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine, central and western Romania (Transylvania and Partium), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, and northern Slovenia due to the effects of the Treaty of Trianon, which resulted in many ethnic Hungarians being displaced from their homes and communities in the former territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States). Like Finnish and Estonian, Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family branch, its closest relatives being Mansi and Khanty.
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Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 ("1848–49 Revolution and War") was one of the many European Revolutions of 1848 and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas.
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Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary (Magyarország) and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history and speak the Hungarian language.
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Hungarians in Romania
The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania, consisting of 1,227,623 people and making up 6.1% of the total population, according to the 2011 census.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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IHF World Men's Handball Championship
The World Men's Handball Championship has been organized by the International Handball Federation since 1938.
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Ilie Năstase
Ilie "Nasty" Năstase (born 19 July 1946) is a Romanian former world No. 1 professional tennis player, and one of the world's top players of the 1970s.
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Illyria
In classical antiquity, Illyria (Ἰλλυρία, Illyría or Ἰλλυρίς, Illyrís; Illyria, see also Illyricum) was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians.
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Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
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Ioana Ciolacu
Ioana Ciolacu Miron (/i'wanʌ tʃɔ'lɑkʊ/ Ee-wa-na Cho-la-koo; born November 21, 1982) is a Romanian fashion designer.
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Ion Țiriac
Ion Țiriac (born 9 May 1939), also known as the 'Brașov Bulldozer' is a Romanian businessman and former professional tennis and ice hockey player.
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Ion Iliescu
Ion Iliescu (born 3 March 1930) is a Romanian politician who served as President of Romania from 1989 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
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Istria
Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra; Istriot: Eîstria; Istria; Istrien), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea.
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Istro-Romanian language
The Istro-Romanian language (Istro-Romanian: Rumârește) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken in a few villages and hamlets in the peninsula of Istria in Croatia, as well as in diaspora, most notably in Italy, Sweden, Germany, Northern and Southern America, and Australia.
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Istro-Romanians
Istro-Romanians / Istrorumeni (ethnonym: Rumeni and occasionally also Rumâri and Rumêri), also called Ćiribirci, Ćići, and Vlahi by the local population, and Istro-Romanians by linguists, are a small ethnic group living in small area of northeastern Istria, in the village Žejane in eastern plateau of mountain Ćićarija, and several villages in a region of former Lake Čepić west of Mt.
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Italian language
Italian (or lingua italiana) is a Romance language.
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Italian Peninsula
The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula (Penisola italiana, Penisola appenninica) extends from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Ivan Patzaichin
Ivan Patzaichin (born 26 November 1949) is a Romanian canoe racing coach and retired sprint canoeist.
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John Hunyadi
John Hunyadi (Hunyadi János, Ioan de Hunedoara; 1406 – 11 August 1456) was a leading Hungarian military and political figure in Central and Southeastern Europe during the 15th century.
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King of the Romanians
The King of the Romanians (Romanian: Regele Românilor) or King of Romania (Romanian: Regele României), was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when Romania was proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication.
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).
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Kingdom of Poland
"Kingdom of Poland" (Polish: Królestwo Polskie, Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was the name of Poland under a series of former monarchial governments, from c.1000/1025 CE to 1795.
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Kingdom of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe which existed from 1881, when prince Carol I of Romania was proclaimed King, until 1947, when King Michael I of Romania abdicated and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic.
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Klaus Iohannis
Klaus Werner Iohannis (also spelled Johannis; born 13 June 1959) is the current President of Romania.
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Language barrier
A language barrier is a figurative phrase used primarily to refer to linguistic barriers to communication, i.e. the difficulties in communication experienced by people or groups speaking different languages, or even dialects in some cases.
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Late Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Latin peoples
Latin peoples, also called Romance peoples, is a term used broadly to refer to those societies heavily influenced by Roman culture that, after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, started to diverge from the spoken Vulgar Latin language, creating localized versions which nowadays make up the Romance languages.
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Lavinia Miloșovici
Lavinia Corina Miloșovici (born 21 October 1976) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast.
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Lazăr Edeleanu
Lazăr Edeleanu (1 September 1861, Bucharest – 7 April 1941) was a Romanian chemist of Jewish origin.
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Legacy of the Roman Empire
The legacy of the Roman Empire includes the set of cultural values, religious beliefs, technological advancements, engineering and language.
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Liberalism and radicalism in Romania
This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Romania.
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Lion
The lion (Panthera leo) is a species in the cat family (Felidae).
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List of Romanians
Note: Names that cannot be confirmed in Wikipedia database nor through given sources are subject to removal.
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List of rulers of Wallachia
This is a list of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania.
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Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Macedonia or Macedon (Μακεδονία, Makedonía) was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.
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Macedonia (region)
Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe.
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Macedonian Muslims
The Macedonian Muslims (Македонци-муслимани, Makedonci-muslimani), also known as Muslim Macedonians or Torbeši, (Торбеши) and in some sources grouped together with Pomaks, are a minority religious group within the community of ethnic Macedonians who are Muslims (primarily Sunni, with Sufism being widespread among the population).
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Maramureș
Maramureș (Maramureș; Мармарощина, Marmaroshchyna) is a geographical, historical and cultural region in northern Romania and western Ukraine.
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Maramureș County
Maramureș is a county (județ) of Romania, in the Maramureș region.
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Megleno-Romanian language
The Megleno-Romanian language (Megleno-Romanian: Vlăheshte), also known as Meglenitic or Moglenitic, is an Eastern Romance language.
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Megleno-Romanians
The Megleno-Romanians (Meglenoromâni), Moglenite Vlachs (Βλαχομογλενίτες, Vlachomoglenítes) or simply Meglenites (Megleniţi, Megleno-Romanian: Miglinits) or Vlachs (Megleno-Romanian: Vlaș; Vlaşi. Власи) are a small Eastern Romance people, originally inhabiting seven villages in the Moglena region spanning the Pella and Kilkis regional units of Central Macedonia, Greece, and one village, Huma, across the border in the Republic of Macedonia.
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Mehedinți County
Mehedinți is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia and Bulgaria.
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Metropolitan Cathedral, Iași
The Metropolitan Cathedral, Iași (Catedrala Mitropolitană din Iași), located at 16 Ștefan cel Mare și Sfânt Boulevard, Iași, Romania, is the seat of the Romanian Orthodox Archbishop of Iași and Metropolitan of Moldavia and Bukovina, and the largest historical Orthodox church in Romania.
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Michael I of Romania
Michael I (Mihai I; 25 October 1921 – 5 December 2017) was the last King of Romania, reigning from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930 and again from 6 September 1940 until his abdication on 30 December 1947.
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Michael the Brave
Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazu(l) or Mihai Bravu, Vitéz Mihály; 1558 – 9 August 1601) was the Prince of Wallachia (as Michael II, 1593–1601), Prince of Moldavia (1600) and de facto ruler of Transylvania (1599–1600).
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Middle East
The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).
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Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship (also known as a military junta) is a form of government where in a military force exerts complete or substantial control over political authority.
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Mircea Eliade
Mircea Eliade (– April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.
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Mircea I of Wallachia
Mircea the Elder (Mircea cel Bătrân,, d. 31 January 1418) was Voivode of Wallachia from 1386 until his death.
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Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Moesia
Moesia (Latin: Moesia; Μοισία, Moisía) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River.
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Moldavia
Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), Цара Мѡлдовєй (in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.
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Moldavian Revolution of 1848
The Moldavian Revolution of 1848 is the name used for an unsuccessful Romanian liberal and Romantic nationalist movement inspired by the Revolutions of 1848 in the principality of Moldavia.
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Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (shortly: Moldavian SSR, abbr.: MSSR; Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, in Cyrillic alphabet: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ; Молда́вская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Moldavskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known to as Soviet Moldavia or Soviet Moldova, was one of the fifteen republics of the Soviet Union existed from 1940 to 1991.
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Moldova
Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).
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Moldova River
The Moldova River is a river in Romania, in the historical region of Moldavia.
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Moldovan language
Moldovan (also Moldavian; limba moldovenească, or лимба молдовеняскэ in Moldovan Cyrillic) is one of the two names of the Romanian language in the Republic of Moldova, prescribed by the Article 13 of the current constitution; the other name, recognized by the Declaration of Independence of Moldova and the Constitutional Court, is "Romanian".
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Moldovans
Moldovans or Moldavians (in Moldovan/Romanian moldoveni; Moldovan Cyrillic: Молдовень) are the largest population group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population, as of 2014), and a significant minority in Ukraine and Russia.
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Moldovans in Ukraine
Moldovans in Ukraine are the third biggest minority recorded in the 2001 All Ukrainian Census after Russians and Belarusians.
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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.
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Moravia
Moravia (Morava;; Morawy; Moravia) is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
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Moravian Wallachia
Moravian Wallachia (Moravské Valašsko), or simply Valašsko (Valahia Moravă), is a mountainous region located in the easternmost part of Moravia in the Czech Republic, near the Slovak border, roughly centered on the cities Vsetín, Valašské Meziříčí and Rožnov pod Radhoštěm.
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Morlachs
Morlachs (Morlaci, Vlaji, Морлаци) has been an exonym used for a rural Christian community in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Lika and the Dalmatian Hinterland.
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Multidimensional scaling
Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a means of visualizing the level of similarity of individual cases of a dataset.
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Mureș (river)
The Mureș (Maros,; Moriš) is a river in Eastern Europe.
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Music of Romania
Romania is a European country with a multicultural music environment which includes active ethnic music scenes.
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Nadia Comăneci
Nadia Elena Comăneci (born November 12, 1961) is a Romanian retired gymnast and a five-time Olympic gold medalist, all in individual events.
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Name of Romania
The name of Romania (România) comes from the Romanian Român, which is a derivative of the Latin adjective Romanus (Roman).
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Nation
A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.
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National awakening of Romania
In the Romantic era, the concept of a national state emerged among the Romanians, as among many other peoples of Europe and a "national awakening" began.
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National Liberal Party (Romania)
The National Liberal Party (Partidul Național Liberal, PNL) is a national liberal and conservative-liberal political party in Romania.
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National liberalism
National liberalism is a variant of liberalism, combining liberal policies and issues with elements of nationalism and/or a term used to describe a series of European political parties that have been especially active in the 19th century in several national contexts from Central Europe to the Nordic countries and Southeast Europe.
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Nativity of St. John the Baptist Church, Piatra Neamț
The Nativity of St.
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NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.
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Neamț County
Neamț is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamț.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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New York City
The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.
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Nicolae Ceaușescu
Nicolae Ceaușescu (26 January 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian Communist politician.
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Nicolae Paulescu
Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for discovering insulin, who worked on pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin).
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Norbert Wiener
Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American mathematician and philosopher.
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Noricum
Noricum is the Latin name for a Celtic kingdom, or federation of tribes, that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia.
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North America
North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.
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Northern Transylvania
Northern Transylvania (Transilvania de Nord, Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
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Obște
The obște (pl. obști) was an autonomous agricultural community of the Romanians/Vlachs during the Middle Ages.
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Oil refinery
Oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils.
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Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic, also known as Old Church Slavic (or Ancient/Old Slavonic often abbreviated to OCS; (autonym словѣ́ньскъ ѩꙁꙑ́къ, slověnĭskŭ językŭ), not to be confused with the Proto-Slavic, was the first Slavic literary language. The 9th-century Byzantine missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius are credited with standardizing the language and using it in translating the Bible and other Ancient Greek ecclesiastical texts as part of the Christianization of the Slavs. It is thought to have been based primarily on the dialect of the 9th century Byzantine Slavs living in the Province of Thessalonica (now in Greece). It played an important role in the history of the Slavic languages and served as a basis and model for later Church Slavonic traditions, and some Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches use this later Church Slavonic as a liturgical language to this day. As the oldest attested Slavic language, OCS provides important evidence for the features of Proto-Slavic, the reconstructed common ancestor of all Slavic languages.
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Oltenia
Oltenia (also called Lesser Wallachia in antiquated versions, with the alternate Latin names Wallachia Minor, Wallachia Alutana, Wallachia Caesarea between 1718 and 1739) is a historical province and geographical region of Romania in western Wallachia.
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Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an international grantmaking network founded by business magnate George Soros.
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Origin of the Romanians
Several well-supported theories address the issue of the origin of the Romanians.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.
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Pannonia
Pannonia was a province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia.
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Pentecostalism
Pentecostalism or Classical Pentecostalism is a renewal movement"Spirit and Power: A 10-Country Survey of Pentecostals",.
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Petrache Poenaru
Petrache Poenaru (1799–1875) was a Romanian inventor of the Enlightenment era.
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Petroleum
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.
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Piatra Neamț
Piatra Neamț, Bistritz, Karácsonkő) is the capital city of Neamț County, in the historical region of Moldavia, eastern Romania. Because of its privileged location in the Eastern Carpathian mountains, it is considered one of the most picturesque cities in Romania. The ''Nord-Est'' Regional Development Agency is located in Piatra Neamț.
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Pindus
The Pindus (also Pindos or Pindhos) (Πίνδος) mountain range is located in northern Greece and southern Albania.
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Ploiești
Ploiești (older spelling: Ploești) is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Poles
The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.
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Prince Nicholas of Romania
Prince Nicholas of Romania (Principele Nicolae al României; 5 August 1903, date given as 18 August Gregorian calendar, which converts to 5 August in the Julian calendar used in Romania at the time. – 9 June 1978), later known as Prince Nicholas of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the fourth child and second son of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his wife Queen Marie.
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Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)
The Principality of Transylvania, from 1765 Grand Principality of Transylvania, was an Austrian crownland, 1860, Chambers's Encyclopaedia based on Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, 10th Edition and realm of the Hungarian Crown ruled by the Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine monarchs of the Habsburg Monarchy (later Austrian Empire). During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian government proclaimed union with Transylvania in the April Laws of 1848 (after the Transylvanian Diet's confirmation on 30 May and the king's approval on 10 June that Transylvania again become an integral part of Hungary, an initiative rejected by the Romanians and Saxons who formed the majority population of Transylvania). After the failure of the revolution, the March Constitution of Austria decreed that the Principality of Transylvania be a separate crown land entirely independent of Hungary. In 1867, as a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, the principality was reunited with Hungary proper.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Prut
The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth;, Прут) is a long river in Eastern Europe.
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Putna Monastery
The Putna monastery (Mănăstirea Putna) is a Romanian Orthodox monastery, one of the most important cultural, religious and artistic centers established in medieval Moldavia; as with many others, it was built and dedicated by Stephen the Great.
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Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia (translit), officially the Republic of Macedonia, is a country in the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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Roman Dacia
Roman Dacia (also Dacia Traiana "Trajan Dacia" or Dacia Felix "Fertile/Happy Dacia") was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 274–275 AD.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Romance languages
The Romance languages (also called Romanic languages or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that began evolving from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.
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Romani people in Romania
Romani people (Roma in Romani; Țigani in Romanian) in Romania, Gypsy, constitute one of the country's largest minorities.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Romania in World War II
Following the outbreak of World War II on 1 September 1939, the Kingdom of Romania under King Carol II officially adopted a position of neutrality.
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Romanian Americans
Romanian Americans (Romanian: Români americani) are Americans who have Romanian ancestry.
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Romanian Australians
Romanian Australians may include those who have immigrated to Australia from Romania, and Australian-born citizens of Romanian descent.
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Romanian Canadians
Romanian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Romanian descent or Romania-born people who reside in Canada.
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Romanian Communist Party
The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român, PCR) was a communist party in Romania.
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Romanian cuisine
Romanian cuisine is a diverse blend of different dishes from several traditions with which it has come into contact, but it also maintains its own character.
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Romanian Democratic Convention
The Romanian Democratic Convention (Convenţia Democrată Română; abbreviated CDR) was an electoral alliance of several centre-right political parties in Romania, active from 1991 until 2000.
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Romanian diaspora
The Romanian diaspora is the ethnically Romanian population outside Romania and Moldova.
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Romanian general election, 1996
General elections were held in Romania on 3 November 1996, with a second round of the presidential election on 17 November.
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Romanian Greek Catholic Church
The Romanian Greek Catholic Church or Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic (Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică) is a sui iuris Eastern Catholic Church, in full union with the Roman Catholic Church.
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Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.
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Romanian literature
Romanian literature is literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian language.
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Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church (Biserica Ortodoxă Română) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches and ranked seventh in order of precedence.
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Romanian presidential election, 2009
The first round of 2009 Romanian presidential elections was held in Romania on 22 November and a run-off round between Traian Băsescu and Mircea Geoană was held on 6 December 2009.
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Romanian presidential election, 2014
Presidential elections were held in Romania in 2014.
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Romanian Revolution
The Romanian Revolution (Revoluția Română) was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania in December 1989 and part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries.
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Romanians in France
Romanian French is the term for a French citizen of Romanian heritage and origins, born in Romania and living as an emigrant in France or being born in France from a Romanian immigrant family, that came to France at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Romanians in Germany
Romanians in Germany, are one of the sizable communities of the Romanian diaspora in Western Europe.
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Romanians in Hungary
Currently, Romanians in Hungary (Românii din Ungaria, Magyarországi románok) constitute a small minority.
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Romanians in the United Kingdom
Romanians in the United Kingdom refers to the phenomenon of Romanian people moving to the United Kingdom as citizens or non-citizen immigrants, along with British citizens of Romanian descent.
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Romanians in Ukraine
This article represents an overview on the history of Romanians in Ukraine, including those Romanians of Northern Bukovina, Zakarpattia Oblast, and Budjak in Odessa Oblast, but also those Romanophones in the territory between the Dniester River and the Southern Bug River, who traditionally have not inhabited any Romanian state (nor Transnistria), but have been an integral part of the history of modern Ukraine, and are considered natives to the area.
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Romanians of Serbia
Romanians (Românii din Serbia, Румуни у Србији / Rumuni u Srbiji) are a recognised national minority in Serbia.
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Romano-Gothic
The Romano-Gothic is term sometimes used for the architectural style, also called Early Gothic, which evolved in Europe in the 12th century from the Romanesque style, and was an early style in Gothic architecture.
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Romantic nationalism
Romantic nationalism (also national romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of nationalism in which the state derives its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs.
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Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 (lit, named for the year 1293 in the Islamic calendar; Руско-турска Освободителна война, Russian-Turkish Liberation war) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox coalition led by the Russian Empire and composed of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.
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Saint Joseph Cathedral, Bucharest
Saint Joseph Cathedral (Catedrala Sfântul Iosif) is a historical and architectural monument located in Bucharest, and is the main place of worship which serves as Cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest.
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Sampling (statistics)
In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
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Science
R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.
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Second Vienna Award
The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
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Sergiu Celibidache
Sergiu Celibidache (Roman, Romania 14 August 1996, La Neuville-sur-Essonne, France) was a Romanian conductor, composer, and teacher.
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Simona Halep
Simona Halep (born 27 September 1991) is a Romanian professional tennis player.
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Sin
In a religious context, sin is the act of transgression against divine law.
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Slavic influence on Romanian
The Slavic influence on Romanian is noticeable on all linguistic levels: lexis, phonetics, morphology and syntax.
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Slavic languages
The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) are the Indo-European languages spoken by the Slavic peoples.
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Slavs
Slavs are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group who speak the various Slavic languages of the larger Balto-Slavic linguistic group.
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Social Democratic Party (Romania)
The Social Democratic Party (Partidul Social Democrat, PSD) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania.
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Soul
In many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, there is a belief in the incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul. Soul or psyche (Greek: "psychē", of "psychein", "to breathe") are the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.
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South Slavs
The South Slavs are a subgroup of Slavic peoples who speak the South Slavic languages.
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Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan peninsula.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Spain
Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.
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Sport in Romania
Sports in Romania are an important part of the country's culture.
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St. George's Cathedral, Timișoara
The St.
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St. Michael's Cathedral, Alba Iulia
St.
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St. Nicholas Church, Brașov
Saint Nicholas Church (Biserica Sfântul Nicolae) is a Romanian Orthodox church in Braşov, dominating the historic district of Şchei.
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Statistics Canada
Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada), formed in 1971, is the Government of Canada government agency commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture.
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Stephan Ludwig Roth
Stephan Ludwig Roth (November 24, 1796 in Mediaș – May 11, 1849 in Cluj) was a Transylvanian Saxon intellectual, pedagogue and Lutheran pastor.
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Stephen III of Moldavia
Stephen III of Moldavia, known as Stephen the Great (Ștefan cel Mare;; died on 2 July 1504) was voivode (or prince) of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504.
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Stratum (linguistics)
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences, or is influenced by another through contact.
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Suceava
Suceava is the largest city and the seat of Suceava County, situated in the historical region of Bukovina from Central EuropeKlaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 and north-eastern Romania respectively.
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Surname
A surname, family name, or last name is the portion of a personal name that indicates a person's family (or tribe or community, depending on the culture).
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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Tatars
The Tatars (татарлар, татары) are a Turkic-speaking peoples living mainly in Russia and other Post-Soviet countries.
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Třebíč
Třebíč (Trebitsch) is a town in the Moravian part of the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic.
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The arts
The arts refers to the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures.
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Theory of sonics
The theory of sonics is a branch of continuum mechanics which describes the transmission of mechanical energy through vibrations.
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Thessaly
Thessaly (Θεσσαλία, Thessalía; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name.
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Thrace
Thrace (Modern Θράκη, Thráki; Тракия, Trakiya; Trakya) is a geographical and historical area in southeast Europe, now split between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south and the Black Sea to the east.
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Thracians
The Thracians (Θρᾷκες Thrāikes; Thraci) were a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting a large area in Eastern and Southeastern Europe.
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Thraco-Roman
The term Thraco-Roman describes the Romanized culture of Thracians under the rule of the Roman Empire.
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Traian Băsescu
Traian Băsescu (born 4 November 1951) is a Romanian politician who served as President of Romania from 2004 to 2014.
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Traian Vuia
Traian Vuia or Trajan Vuia (August 17, 1872 – September 3, 1950) was a Romanian inventor and aviation pioneer who designed, built and tested the first tractor monoplane.
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Trajan
Trajan (Imperator Caesar Nerva Trajanus Divi Nervae filius Augustus; 18 September 538August 117 AD) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117AD.
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Trajan's Bridge
Trajan's Bridge (Podul lui Traian; Трајанов мост, Trajanov Most) or Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube was a Roman segmental arch bridge, the first bridge to be built over the lower Danube and one of the greatest achievements in Roman architecture.
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Trajan's Dacian Wars
The Dacian Wars (101–102, 105–106) were two military campaigns fought between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Emperor Trajan's rule.
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Transnistria
Transnistria, the self-proclaimed Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR; Приднестровская Молдавская Республика, ПМР; Republica Moldovenească Nistreană, RMN; Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ; Придністровська Молдавська Республіка), and also called Transdniester, Trans-Dniestr, Transdniestria, or Pridnestrovie, is a non-recognized state which controls part of the geographical region Transnistria (the area between the Dniester river and Ukraine) and also the city of Bender and its surrounding localities on the west bank.
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Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.
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Transylvanian Saxons
The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Såksen; Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni; Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen) from the mid 12th century until the late Modern Age (specifically mid 19th century).
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Treaty of Berlin (1878)
The Treaty of Berlin (formally the Treaty between Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire for the Settlement of Affairs in the East) was signed on July 13, 1878.
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Triple Entente
The Triple Entente (from French entente "friendship, understanding, agreement") refers to the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.
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Turda
Turda (Thorenburg; Torda; Potaissa) is a city and Municipality in Cluj County, Romania, situated on the Arieș River.
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Turkish language
Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).
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Turul
The Turul is a mythological bird of prey, mostly depicted as a hawk or falcon, in Hungarian tradition and a national symbol of modern Hungary and Transylvania (now part of Romania).
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Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
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Ukrainian Census (2001)
The first Ukrainian census was carried out by State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on 5 December 2001, twelve years after the last Soviet Union census in 1989 and was so far the only census held in independent Ukraine.
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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, Украї́нська РСР, УРСР; Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, Украи́нская ССР, УССР; see "Name" section below), also known as the Soviet Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the Union's inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. The republic was governed by the Communist Party of Ukraine as a unitary one-party socialist soviet republic. The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations, although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union. Upon the Soviet Union's dissolution and perestroika, the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine. Throughout its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times, with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland, and the addition of Zakarpattia in 1946. From the start, the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic's capital. However, in 1934, the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev, Ukraine's historic capital. Kiev remained the capital for the rest of the Ukrainian SSR's existence, and remained the capital of independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Geographically, the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea, bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia, Byelorussia, and the Russian SFSR. The Ukrainian SSR's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union's western-most border point. According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants, which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union. For most of its existence, it ranked second only to the Russian SFSR in population, economic and political power.
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Ukrainians of Romania
The Ukrainians (Українці, Ucraineni) are the third-largest ethnic minority in Romania.
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Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa
Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa was the capital and the largest city of Roman Dacia, later named Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa after the former Dacian capital, located some 40 km away.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United Principalities
The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia was the official name of the personal union which later became Romania, adopted in 1859 when Alexandru Ioan Cuza was elected as the Domnitor (Ruling Prince) of both territories, which were still vassals of the Ottoman Empire.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Census
The United States Census is a decennial census mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, which states: "Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States...
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Victor Babeș
Victor Babeș (28 July 1854 in Vienna – 19 October 1926 in Bucharest) was a Romanian physician, bacteriologist, academician and professor.
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Victor Ponta
Victor Viorel Ponta (born 20 September 1972) is a Romanian jurist and politician, who served as Prime Minister of Romania between his appointment by President Traian Băsescu in May 2012 and his resignation in November 2015.
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Vlachs
Vlachs (or, or rarely), also Wallachians (and many other variants), is a historical term from the Middle Ages which designates an exonym (a name given by foreigners) used mostly for the Romanians who lived north and south of the Danube.
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Vlachs in Bulgaria
Vlachs (власи/vlasi, autonymed Rumâni; români, rumâni), are a community concentrated in the Vidin Province in the northwestern part of Bulgaria.
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Vlachs in medieval Serbia
In medieval Serbia a social group known as "Vlachs" (Власи/Vlasi) existed.
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Vlachs in the history of Croatia
The term Vlachs (Vlasi) was initially used in medieval Croatian and Venetian history for a Romance-speaking pastoralist community, called "Vlachs" and "Morlachs", inhabiting the mountains and lands of the Croatian Kingdom and the Republic of Venice (Venetian Dalmatia) from the early 14th century.
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Vlachs of Serbia
The Vlachs (endonym: Rumînji or Rumâni, Власи/Vlasi) are an ethnic minority in eastern Serbia, culturally and linguistically related to Romanians.
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Vlad the Impaler
Vlad III, known as Vlad the Impaler (Vlad Țepeș) or Vlad Dracula (1428/311476/77), was voivode (or prince) of Wallachia three times between 1448 and his death.
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Volhynia
Volhynia, also Volynia or Volyn (Wołyń, Volýn) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe straddling between south-eastern Poland, parts of south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine.
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Vrancea County
Vrancea is a county (județ) in Romania, with its seat at Focșani.
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Walhaz
*Walhaz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic word meaning "foreigner", "stranger", "Roman", "Romance-speaker", or "Celtic-speaker".
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Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia (Țara Românească; archaic: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рȣмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania.
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Wallachian Revolution of 1848
The Wallachian Revolution of 1848 was a Romanian liberal and nationalist uprising in the Principality of Wallachia.
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Wallachian uprising of 1821
The uprising of 1821 was a social and political rebellion in Wallachia, which was at the time a tributary state of the Ottoman Empire.
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West Slavs
The West Slavs are a subgroup of Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages.
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Western Europe
Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.
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White Wallachia
White Wallachia was a Byzantine term for the region between the Danube and the Balkan mountain.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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Yehudi Menuhin
Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, (22 April 191612 March 1999) was an American-born violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain.
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Zlatna
Zlatna (Klein-Schlatten, Kleinschlatten, Goldenmarkt; Zalatna; Ampellum) is a town in Alba County, central Transylvania, Romania.
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2000 United States Census
The Twenty-second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2% over the 248,709,873 people enumerated during the 1990 Census.
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Redirects here:
Dacians (Getians), Daco-Romanians, Ethnic Romanian, Ethnic Romanians, History of the Romanians, People of Romania, Population of Romania, Romanian people, Romanian population, Romanian-The Name, Romanization (identity), Roumanians, Rumanians, Rumyny.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanians