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Sensory nervous system

Index Sensory nervous system

The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. [1]

131 relations: Action potential, Adrenal medulla, Afferent nerve fiber, Amblyopia, Amygdala, Anterior olfactory nucleus, Aortic body, Aristotle, Auditory cortex, Auditory system, Axon, Brain, Brodmann area, Brodmann area 4, Bulboid corpuscle, Bulbous corpuscle, Central nervous system, Cerebellum, Chemoreceptor, Color, Color blindness, Cone cell, Distortion, Diurnality, Electromagnetic radiation, Electroreception, Energy, Entorhinal cortex, Esophagus, Frontal lobe, Gautama Buddha, Glomerulus, Gray's Anatomy, Gustatory cortex, Hair cell, Hearing, Hearing loss, Homeostasis, Human brain, Human eye, Human musculoskeletal system, Insular cortex, Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, Itch, List of human positions, Magnetoreception, Mammal, Mechanoreceptor, Medulla oblongata, Membrane potential, ..., Motor neuron, Mouthfeel, Multisensory integration, Neocortex, Nervous system, Neural adaptation, Neural coding, Neural pathway, Nociception, Nocturnality, Occipital lobe, Olfaction, Olfactory bulb, Olfactory nerve, Olfactory receptor neuron, Olfactory system, Operculum (brain), Optic nerve, Oxygen, Pain, Parietal lobe, Perception, Peripheral nervous system, Pharynx, Phase (waves), Photoreceptor cell, Piriform cortex, Postcentral gyrus, Pressure, Primary olfactory cortex, Primary somatosensory cortex, Proprioception, Pulse, Receptive field, Receptor (biochemistry), Retina, Retinal ganglion cell, Rod cell, Secondary somatosensory cortex, Sense, Sense of balance, Sensor, Sensory cortex, Sensory neuron, Sensory neuroscience, Sensory substitution, Sensory systems in fish, Shape, Signal transduction, Skin, Soft palate, Solitary nucleus, Somatosensory system, Sound localization, Stimulation, Stimulus (physiology), Stimulus modality, Surface roughness, Sympathetic nervous system, Task-negative, Taste, Taste bud, Taste receptor, Tawny owl, Temperature, Temporal lobe, Thalamus, Thermoception, Thermoreceptor, Time, Tongue, Transducer, Two-streams hypothesis, Umami, Vestibular cortex, Vestibular system, Visual cortex, Visual perception, Visual phototransduction, Visual system, Vomeronasal organ. Expand index (81 more) »

Action potential

In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.

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Adrenal medulla

The adrenal medulla (medulla glandulae suprarenalis) is part of the adrenal gland.

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Afferent nerve fiber

Afferent nerve fibers refer to axonal projections that arrive at a particular region; as opposed to efferent projections that exit the region.

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Amblyopia

Amblyopia, also called lazy eye, is a disorder of sight due to the eye and brain not working well together.

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Amygdala

The amygdala (plural: amygdalae; also corpus amygdaloideum; Latin from Greek, ἀμυγδαλή, amygdalē, 'Almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans.

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Anterior olfactory nucleus

The anterior olfactory nucleus (AON; also called the anterior olfactory cortex) is a portion of the forebrain of vertebrates.

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Aortic body

The aortic body is one of several small clusters of peripheral chemoreceptors known as glomus cells, baroreceptors, and supporting cells located along the aortic arch.

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.

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Auditory cortex

The primary auditory cortex is the part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory information in humans and other vertebrates.

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Auditory system

The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing.

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Axon

An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials, away from the nerve cell body.

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Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

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Brodmann area

A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex, in the human or other primate brain, defined by its cytoarchitecture, or histological structure and organization of cells.

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Brodmann area 4

Brodmann area 4 refers to the primary motor cortex of the human brain.

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Bulboid corpuscle

The bulboid corpuscles (end-bulbs of Krause) are cutaneous receptors in the human body.

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Bulbous corpuscle

The Bulbous corpuscle or Ruffini ending or Ruffini corpuscle is a slowly adapting mechanoreceptor located in the cutaneous tissue.

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Central nervous system

The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

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Cerebellum

The cerebellum (Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.

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Chemoreceptor

A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor cell which transduces (responds to) a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) and generates a biological signal.

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Color

Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color categories, with names such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, or purple.

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Color blindness

Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.

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Cone cell

Cone cells, or cones, are one of three types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of mammalian eyes (e.g. the human eye).

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Distortion

Distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of something.

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Diurnality

Diurnality is a form of plant or animal behavior characterized by activity during the day, with a period of sleeping, or other inactivity, at night.

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Electromagnetic radiation

In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space-time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.

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Electroreception

Electroreception or electroception is the biological ability to perceive natural electrical stimuli.

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Energy

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.

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Entorhinal cortex

The entorhinal cortex (EC) (ento.

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Esophagus

The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet (gut), is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.

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Frontal lobe

The frontal lobe, located at the front of the brain, is the largest of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the mammalian brain.

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Gautama Buddha

Gautama Buddha (c. 563/480 – c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic (śramaṇa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.

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Glomerulus

Glomerulus is a common term used in anatomy to describe globular structures of entwined vessels, fibers, or neurons.

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Gray's Anatomy

Gray's Anatomy is an English-language textbook of human anatomy originally written by Henry Gray and illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter.

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Gustatory cortex

The primary gustatory cortex is a brain structure responsible for the perception of taste.

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Hair cell

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in the ears of all vertebrates.

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Hearing

Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear.

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Hearing loss

Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear.

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Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.

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Human brain

The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

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Human eye

The human eye is an organ which reacts to light and pressure.

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Human musculoskeletal system

The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems.

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Insular cortex

In each hemisphere of the mammalian brain the insular cortex (also insula and insular lobe) is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus (the fissure separating the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes).

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Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), also called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGC), or melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), are a type of neuron in the retina of the mammalian eye.

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Itch

Itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.

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List of human positions

Human positions refer to the different physical configurations that the human body can take.

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Magnetoreception

Magnetoreception (also magnetoception) is a sense which allows an organism to detect a magnetic field to perceive direction, altitude or location.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Mechanoreceptor

A mechanoreceptor is a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion.

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Medulla oblongata

The medulla oblongata (or medulla) is located in the brainstem, anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum.

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Membrane potential

The term "membrane potential" may refer to one of three kinds of membrane potential.

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Motor neuron

A motor neuron (or motoneuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands.

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Mouthfeel

Mouthfeel refers to the physical sensations in the mouth caused by food or drink, as distinct from taste.

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Multisensory integration

Multisensory integration, also known as multimodal integration, is the study of how information from the different sensory modalities, such as sight, sound, touch, smell, self-motion and taste, may be integrated by the nervous system.

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Neocortex

The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language.

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Nervous system

The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

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Neural adaptation

Neural adaptation or sensory adaptation is a change over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus.

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Neural coding

Neural coding is a neuroscience field concerned with characterising the hypothetical relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal responses and the relationship among the electrical activity of the neurons in the ensemble.

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Neural pathway

A neural pathway is the connection formed by axons that project from neurons to make synapses onto neurons in another location, to enable a signal to be sent from one region of the nervous system to another.

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Nociception

Nociception (also nocioception or nociperception, from Latin nocere 'to harm or hurt') is the sensory nervous system's response to certain harmful or potentially harmful stimuli.

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Nocturnality

Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day.

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Occipital lobe

The occipital lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.

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Olfaction

Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.

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Olfactory bulb

The olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the sense of smell.

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Olfactory nerve

The olfactory nerve is typically considered the first cranial nerve, or simply CN I, that contains sensory nerve fibers relating to smell.

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Olfactory receptor neuron

An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a transduction cell within the olfactory system.

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Olfactory system

The olfactory system, or sense of smell, is the part of the sensory system used for smelling (olfaction).

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Operculum (brain)

In human brain anatomy, an operculum (Latin, meaning "little lid") (pl. opercula), may refer to the frontal, temporal, or parietal operculum, which together cover the insula as the opercula of insula.

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Optic nerve

The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Pain

Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.

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Parietal lobe

The parietal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The parietal lobe is positioned above the temporal lobe and behind the frontal lobe and central sulcus. The parietal lobe integrates sensory information among various modalities, including spatial sense and navigation (proprioception), the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch (mechanoreception) in the somatosensory cortex which is just posterior to the central sulcus in the postcentral gyrus, and the dorsal stream of the visual system. The major sensory inputs from the skin (touch, temperature, and pain receptors), relay through the thalamus to the parietal lobe. Several areas of the parietal lobe are important in language processing. The somatosensory cortex can be illustrated as a distorted figure – the homunculus (Latin: "little man"), in which the body parts are rendered according to how much of the somatosensory cortex is devoted to them.Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. L. & Wegner, D. M. (2009). Psychology. (2nd ed.). New York (NY): Worth Publishers. The superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule are the primary areas of body or spacial awareness. A lesion commonly in the right superior or inferior parietal lobule leads to hemineglect. The name comes from the parietal bone, which is named from the Latin paries-, meaning "wall".

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Perception

Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.

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Peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two components of the nervous system, the other part is the central nervous system (CNS).

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Pharynx

The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat that is behind the mouth and nasal cavity and above the esophagus and the larynx, or the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs.

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Phase (waves)

Phase is the position of a point in time (an instant) on a waveform cycle.

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Photoreceptor cell

A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction.

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Piriform cortex

The piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex, is a region in the brain, part of the rhinencephalon situated in the cerebrum.

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Postcentral gyrus

The postcentral gyrus is a prominent gyrus in the lateral parietal lobe of the human brain.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

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Primary olfactory cortex

The primary olfactory cortex is a portion of the cerebral cortex involved in olfaction.

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Primary somatosensory cortex

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the postcentral gyrus, and is part of the somatosensory system.

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Proprioception

Proprioception, from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own", "individual", and capio, capere, to take or grasp, is the sense of the relative position of one's own parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement.

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Pulse

In medicine, a pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by trained fingertips.

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Receptive field

The receptive field of an individual sensory neuron is the particular region of the sensory space (e.g., the body surface, or the visual field) in which a stimulus will modify the firing of that neuron.

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Receptor (biochemistry)

In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.

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Retina

The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive "coat", or layer, of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.

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Retinal ganglion cell

A retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a type of neuron located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye.

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Rod cell

Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells.

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Secondary somatosensory cortex

The human secondary somatosensory cortex (S2, SII) is a region of cortex in the parietal operculum on the ceiling of the lateral sulcus.

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Sense

A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception.

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Sense of balance

The sense of balance or equilibrioception is one of the physiological senses related to balance.

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Sensor

In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor.

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Sensory cortex

The sensory cortex can refer informally to the primary somatosensory cortex, or it can be used as a term for the primary and secondary cortices of the different senses (two cortices each, on left and right hemisphere): the visual cortex on the occipital lobes, the auditory cortex on the temporal lobes, the primary olfactory cortex on the uncus of the piriform region of the temporal lobes, the gustatory cortex on the insular lobe (also referred to as the insular cortex), and the primary somatosensory cortex on the anterior parietal lobes.

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Sensory neuron

Sensory neurons also known as afferent neurons are neurons that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded potentials.

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Sensory neuroscience

Sensory neuroscience is a subfield of neuroscience which explores the anatomy and physiology of neurons that are part of sensory systems such as vision, hearing, and olfaction.

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Sensory substitution

Sensory substitution is a change of the characteristics of one sensory modality into stimuli of another sensory modality.

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Sensory systems in fish

Most fish possess highly developed sense organs.

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Shape

A shape is the form of an object or its external boundary, outline, or external surface, as opposed to other properties such as color, texture or material composition.

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Signal transduction

Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.

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Skin

Skin is the soft outer tissue covering vertebrates.

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Soft palate

The soft palate (also known as the velum or muscular palate) is, in mammals, the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth.

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Solitary nucleus

In the human brainstem, the solitary nucleus (SN) (nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus solitarius, nucleus tractus solitarii) is a series of purely sensory nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter embedded in the medulla oblongata.

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Somatosensory system

The somatosensory system is a part of the sensory nervous system.

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Sound localization

Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance.

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Stimulation

Stimulation is the encouragement of development or the cause of activity generally.

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Stimulus (physiology)

In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment.

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Stimulus modality

Stimulus modality, also called sensory modality, is one aspect of a stimulus or what we perceive after a stimulus.

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Surface roughness

Surface roughness often shortened to roughness, is a component of surface texture.

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Sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the other being the parasympathetic nervous system.

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Task-negative

In neuroscience, a task-negative (TN) mode, also known as the default mode network, is inversely correlated to the task-positive mode.

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Taste

Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.

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Taste bud

Taste buds contain the taste receptor cells, which are also known as gustatory cells.

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Taste receptor

A taste receptor is a type of receptor which facilitates the sensation of taste.

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Tawny owl

The tawny owl or brown owl (Strix aluco) is a stocky, medium-sized owl commonly found in woodlands across much of Eurasia.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.

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Temporal lobe

The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.

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Thalamus

The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is the large mass of gray matter in the dorsal part of the diencephalon of the brain with several functions such as relaying of sensory signals, including motor signals, to the cerebral cortex, and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

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Thermoception

Thermoception or thermoreception is the sense by which an organism perceives temperature, or more accurately, temperature differences inferred from heat flux.

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Thermoreceptor

A thermoreceptor is a non-specialised sense receptor, or more accurately the receptive portion of a sensory neuron, that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature, primarily within the innocuous range.

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Time

Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.

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Tongue

The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication, and is used in the act of swallowing.

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Transducer

A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.

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Two-streams hypothesis

The two-streams hypothesis is a widely accepted and influential model of the neural processing of vision as well as hearing.

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Umami

Umami, or savory taste, is one of the five basic tastes (together with sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and saltiness).

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Vestibular cortex

Vestibular cortex is the portion of the cerebrum which responds to input from the vestibular system.

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Vestibular system

The vestibular system, in most mammals, is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution to the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear in most mammals.

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Visual cortex

The visual cortex of the brain is a part of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information.

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Visual perception

Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.

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Visual phototransduction

Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction of the visual system.

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Visual system

The visual system is the part of the central nervous system which gives organisms the ability to process visual detail, as well as enabling the formation of several non-image photo response functions.

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Vomeronasal organ

The vomeronasal organ (VNO), or the Jacobson's organ, is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ that is found in many animals.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_nervous_system

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