Table of Contents
430 relations: 'Aql, Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri, Abdallah bin Bayyah, Abdolkarim Soroush, Abdulaziz Al Sheikh, Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi, Abu Hanifa, Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari, Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi, Abul A'la Maududi, Adl, Afghanistan, Ahkam, Ahl al-Hadith, Ahl al-Ra'y, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ahmadiyya, Akhbari, Al-Baqara, Al-Baqara 256, Al-Darimi, Al-Ghazali, Al-Hidayah, Al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith, Al-Risala (al-Shafi'i book), Al-Shafi'i, Al-Tahawi, Al-Tirmidhi, Alawites, Alternative dispute resolution, Amaney Jamal, An-Nisa, An-Nisa, 34, Analogy, Angels in Islam, Anglo-Muhammadan law, Ann Elizabeth Mayer, Anwar Sadat, Apostasy, Apostasy in Islam, Arab Law Quarterly, Arab Spring, Arab world, Arabic, Arabization, As-Sarim al-Maslul 'ala Shatim ar-Rasul, Assize of novel disseisin, Ata ibn Abi Rabah, Atharism, Aurangzeb, ... Expand index (380 more) »
- Religious law
- Religious legal systems
'Aql
Aql (lit) is an Arabic term used in Islamic philosophy and theology for the intellect or the rational faculty of the soul that connects humans to God. Sharia and 'Aql are islamic jurisprudence and islamic terminology.
See Sharia and 'Aql
Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri
Abd el-Razzak el-Sanhuri or ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Sanhūrī (عبد الرزاق السنهوري) (11 August 1895 – 21 July 1971) was an Egyptian jurist, law professor, judge and politician.
See Sharia and Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri
Abdallah bin Bayyah
Abdallah bin Mahfudh ibn Bayyah (عبد الله بن المحفوظ بن بيّه, born 1935) is a Mauritanian Islamic scholar, politician and professor of Islamic studies at the King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, who serves as the chairman of the UAE Council for Fatwa.
See Sharia and Abdallah bin Bayyah
Abdolkarim Soroush
Abdolkarim Soroush (عبدالكريمسروش), born Hossein Haj Faraj Dabbagh (born 16 December 1945; حسين حاج فرج دباغ), is an Iranian Islamic thinker, reformer, Rumi scholar, public intellectual, and a former professor of philosophy at the University of Tehran and Imam Khomeini International University.
See Sharia and Abdolkarim Soroush
Abdulaziz Al Sheikh
Abdulaziz bin Abdullah Al-Sheikh (عبد العزيز بن عبد الله آل الشيخ ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd Āllah Āl ash-Sheikh; born 30 November 1940) is a Saudi Arabian scholar who is the current Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia.
See Sharia and Abdulaziz Al Sheikh
Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi
Najm ad-Dīn Abū Ḥafṣ 'Umar ibn Muḥammad an-Nasafī (نجمالدين أبو حفص عمر بن محمد النسفي‎; 1067–1142) was a Muslim jurist, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian.
See Sharia and Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa (translit; September 699–767) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, ascetic,Pakatchi, Ahmad and Umar, Suheyl, "Abū Ḥanīfa", in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary.
Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (translit; 874–936 CE) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist of the Shafi'i school, exegete, reformer, and scholastic theologian known for being the eponymous founder of the Ash'ari school of Islamic theology.
See Sharia and Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Shāṭibī (720 – 790 A.H./1320 – 1388 C.E.) was an Andalusí Sunni Islamic scholar.
See Sharia and Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi
Abul A'la Maududi
Abul A'la al-Maududi (ابو الاعلی المودودی|translit.
See Sharia and Abul A'la Maududi
Adl
Adl (عدل) is an Arabic word meaning 'justice' or "balanced", and is also one of the names of God in Islam.
See Sharia and Adl
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.
Ahkam
Ahkam (أحكام"rulings", plural of (حُكْم)) is an Islamic term with several meanings. Sharia and Ahkam are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Ahkam
Ahl al-Hadith
(lit) is an Islamic school of Sunni Islam that emerged during the 2nd and 3rd Islamic centuries of the Islamic era (late 8th and 9th century CE) as a movement of hadith scholars who considered the Quran and authentic hadith to be the only authority in matters of law and creed. Sharia and Ahl al-Hadith are islamic jurisprudence and islamic terminology.
Ahl al-Ra'y
(lit) refers to an Islamic creedal group advocating for the use of reason for theological decisions and scriptural interpretation.
Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Ahmad ibn Hanbal (translit; November 780 – 2 August 855) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, traditionist, ascetic and eponym of the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence—one of the four major orthodox legal schools of Sunni Islam.
See Sharia and Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Ahmadiyya
Ahmadiyya, officially the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at (AMJ) is an Islamic messianic movement originating in British India in the late 19th century. It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who said he had been divinely appointed as both the Promised Mahdi (Guided One) and Messiah expected by Muslims to appear towards the end times and bring about, by peaceful means, the final triumph of Islam; as well as to embody, in this capacity, the expected eschatological figure of other major religious traditions.
Akhbari
Akhbarism (translit) is a minority school of Twelver Shia Islam.
Al-Baqara
Al-Baqara, alternatively transliterated Al-Baqarah (الْبَقَرَة.,; "The Heifer" or "The Cow"), is the second and longest chapter (surah) of the Quran.
Al-Baqara 256
The verse (ayah) 256 of Al-Baqara is a very famous verse in the Islamic scripture, the Quran.
Al-Darimi
Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Darimi (797–869 CE) was a Muslim scholar and Imam of Arab ancestry.
Al-Ghazali
Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭūsiyy al-Ghazali (أَبُو حَامِد مُحَمَّد بْن مُحَمَّد ٱلطُّوسِيّ ٱلْغَزَّالِيّ), known commonly as Al-Ghazali (ٱلْغَزَالِيُّ;,; – 19 December 1111), known in Medieval Europe by the Latinized Algazelus or Algazel, was a Persian Sunni Muslim polymath.
Al-Hidayah
Al-Hidayah fi Sharh Bidayat al-Mubtadi (d. 593 AH/1197 CE) (الهداية في شرح بداية المبتدي, al-Hidāyah fī Sharḥ Bidāyat al-Mubtadī), commonly referred to as al-Hidayah (lit. "the guidance", also spelled HedayaCharles Hamilton (trans.) The Hedaya: Commentary on the Islamic Laws (Delhi) 1994 (2nd Edition 1870)), is a 12th-century legal manual by Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, which is considered to be one of the most influential compendium of Hanafi jurisprudence (fiqh).
Al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith
Nawawi's Forty (sc. “Forty Hadith”, in Arabic: al-arbaʿīn al-nawawiyyah) is a compilation of forty hadiths by Imam al-Nawawi, most of which are from Sahih Muslim and Sahih al-Bukhari. Sharia and al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith are islamic jurisprudence and religious legal systems.
See Sharia and Al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith
Al-Risala (al-Shafi'i book)
The Risāla by ash-Shafi'i (d. 820), full title Kitab ar-Risāla fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh (كتاب الرسالة في أصول الفقه. "book of the communication on the foundations of comprehension (i.e. Islamic jurisprudence)") is a seminal text on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Sharia and al-Risala (al-Shafi'i book) are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Al-Risala (al-Shafi'i book)
Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (translit;;767–820 CE) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence.
Al-Tahawi
Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad aṭ-Ṭaḥāwī (Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad aṭ-Ṭaḥāwī) (853 – 5 November 933), commonly known as at-Tahawi (aṭ-Ṭaḥāwī), was an Egyptian Arab Hanafi jurist and Traditionalist theologian.
Al-Tirmidhi
Muhammad ibn Isa al-Tirmidhi (translit; 824 – 9 October 892 CE / 209 - 279 AH), often referred to as Imām at-Termezī/Tirmidhī, was an Islamic scholar, and collector of hadith from Termez (early Khorasan and in present-day Uzbekistan).
Alawites
The Alawites, also known as Nusayrites, are an Arab ethnoreligious group that live primarily in the Levant and follow Alawism, a religious sect that splintered from early Shi'ism as a ghulat branch during the ninth century.
Alternative dispute resolution
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR), or external dispute resolution (EDR), typically denotes a wide range of dispute resolution processes and techniques that parties can use to settle disputes with the help of a third party.
See Sharia and Alternative dispute resolution
Amaney Jamal
Amaney A. Jamal (born December 30, 1970) is a Palestinian-American scholar of Middle Eastern politics who is currently the Edwards S. Sanford Professor of Politics and Director of the Mamdouha S. Bobst Center for Peace and Justice at Princeton University.
An-Nisa
An-Nisa' (ٱلنِّسَاء,; The Women) is the fourth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 176 verses (āyāt).
An-Nisa, 34
An-Nisa 4:34 is the 34th verse in the fourth chapter of the Quran.
Analogy
Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share.
Angels in Islam
In Islam, angels (ملاك٬ ملك|malāk; plural: ملائِكة|malāʾik/malāʾikah|label.
See Sharia and Angels in Islam
Anglo-Muhammadan law
Anglo-Muhammadan law was a legal system used in the British Empire which combined British and Islamic law.
See Sharia and Anglo-Muhammadan law
Ann Elizabeth Mayer
Ann Elizabeth Mayer is an Associate Professor of Legal Studies in the Department of Legal Studies and Business Ethics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
See Sharia and Ann Elizabeth Mayer
Anwar Sadat
Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.
Apostasy
Apostasy (defection, revolt) is the formal disaffiliation from, abandonment of, or renunciation of a religion by a person. Sharia and Apostasy are religious law.
Apostasy in Islam
Apostasy in Islam (translit or label) is commonly defined as the abandonment of Islam by a Muslim, in thought, word, or through deed.
See Sharia and Apostasy in Islam
Arab Law Quarterly
The Arab Law Quarterly is an English language quarterly devoted to Arab law, covering both Sharia and secular law.
See Sharia and Arab Law Quarterly
Arab Spring
The Arab Spring (ar-rabīʻ al-ʻarabī) or the First Arab Spring (to distinguish from the Second Arab Spring) was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s.
Arab world
The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Arabization
Arabization or Arabicization (translit) is a sociological process of cultural change in which a non-Arab society becomes Arab, meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the Arabic language, culture, literature, art, music, and ethnic identity as well as other socio-cultural factors.
As-Sarim al-Maslul 'ala Shatim ar-Rasul
As-Sarim al-Maslul 'ala Shatim ar-Rasul means The Drawn Sword against those who insult the Messenger (الصارمالمسلول على شاتمالرسول) is a book of Islamic creed written by Ibn Taymiyyah.
See Sharia and As-Sarim al-Maslul 'ala Shatim ar-Rasul
Assize of novel disseisin
In English law, the assize of novel disseisin ("recent dispossession") was an action to recover lands of which the plaintiff had been disseised, or dispossessed.
See Sharia and Assize of novel disseisin
Ata ibn Abi Rabah
Ata ibn Abi Rabah (translit) was a prominent early Muslim jurist and hadith transmitter who served as the mufti of Mecca in the late seventh and early eighth centuries.
See Sharia and Ata ibn Abi Rabah
Atharism
Atharism (translit) is a school of theology in Sunni Islam which developed from circles of the, a group that rejected rationalistic theology in favor of strict textualism in interpretation the Quran and the hadith.
Aurangzeb
Muhi al-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known as italics, was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707.
Austin Dacey
Austin Dacey (born April 19, 1972) is an American philosopher, writer, and human rights activist whose work concerns secularism, religion, freedom of expression, and freedom of conscience.
Baligh
In Islamic legal terminology, bāligh (بالغ, adult) or mukallāf (مكلف, responsible) or muhallāq (محلاق, tendril, mentally matured) or murāhiq (adolescent) or muhtalim (محتلم, pubescent) refers to someone who has reached maturity or puberty, and has full responsibility under Islamic law. Sharia and Baligh are islamic jurisprudence.
Bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans.
See Sharia and Bank
Basij
The Basij (بسيج, lit. "The Mobilization") or Niru-ye Moghāvemat-e Basij (نیروی مقاومت بسیج, "Resistance Mobilization Force"), full name Sâzmân-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin (سازمان بسیج مستضعفین, "The Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed"), is a paramilitary volunteer militia within the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and one of its five branches.
See Sharia and Basij
BBC News Online
BBC News Online is the website of BBC News, the division of the BBC responsible for newsgathering and production.
See Sharia and BBC News Online
Bernard Lewis
Bernard Lewis, (31 May 1916 – 19 May 2018) was a British American historian specialized in Oriental studies.
Bild
Bild or Bild-Zeitung is a German tabloid newspaper published by Axel Springer SE.
See Sharia and Bild
Blasphemy in Pakistan
The Pakistan Penal Code outlaws blasphemy (قانون ناموس رسالت) against any recognized religion, with punishments ranging from a fine to the death penalty.
See Sharia and Blasphemy in Pakistan
Blasphemy law
A blasphemy law is a law prohibiting blasphemy, which is the act of insulting or showing contempt or lack of reverence to a deity, or sacred objects, or toward something considered sacred or inviolable.
Blood money in Islam
Diya (دية;: diyāt, ديات) in Islamic law, is the financial compensation paid to the victim or heirs of a victim in the cases of murder, bodily harm or property damage by mistake. Sharia and Blood money in Islam are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Blood money in Islam
Boston Review
Boston Review is an American quarterly political and literary magazine.
Brunei
Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo.
Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) is a declaration of the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) first adopted in Cairo, Egypt, on 5 August 1990, (Conference of Foreign Ministers, 9–14 Muharram 1411H in the Islamic calendar), and later revised in 2020 and adopted on 28 November 2020 (Council of Foreign Ministers at its 47th session in Niamey, Republic of Niger).
See Sharia and Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor. Sharia and caliphate are islamic terminology.
Cambridge
Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Sharia and Cambridge University Press
Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct.
See Sharia and Capital punishment
Capital punishment for homosexuality
Capital punishment as a criminal punishment for homosexuality has been implemented by a number of countries in their history.
See Sharia and Capital punishment for homosexuality
Capital punishment in Islam
Capital punishment in Islam is traditionally regulated by the Islamic law (sharīʿa), which derived from the Quran, ''ḥadīth'' literature, and sunnah (accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad during his lifetime).
See Sharia and Capital punishment in Islam
Chicago
Chicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States.
Child custody
Child custody is a legal term regarding guardianship which is used to describe the legal and practical relationship between a parent or guardian and a child in that person's care.
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Circumstantial evidence
Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact—such as a fingerprint at the scene of a crime.
See Sharia and Circumstantial evidence
Codification (law)
In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction in certain areas, usually by subject, forming a legal code, i.e. a codex (book) of law.
See Sharia and Codification (law)
Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)
The Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (hayʾa al-ʾamr bil-maʿrūf wan-nahī ʿan al-munkar, abbreviated CPVPV, colloquially termed hai’a (committee), and known as mutawa, mutaween and by other similar names and translations in English-language sources) is a government religious authority in Saudi Arabia that is charged with implementing the Islamic doctrine of hisbah in the country.
See Sharia and Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)
Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Gaza Strip)
The Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (hayʾa al-ʾamr bil-maʿrūf wan-nahī ʿan al-munkar) is a group in the Palestinian territory of Gaza Strip, responsible for enforcing traditional Muslim codes of behavior (Sharia).
See Sharia and Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Gaza Strip)
Common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions.
Companions of the Prophet
The Companions of the Prophet (lit) were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime, while being a Muslim and were physically in his presence. Sharia and Companions of the Prophet are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Companions of the Prophet
Comparative law
Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law (legal systems) of different countries.
See Sharia and Comparative law
Constitutional Court of Turkey
The Constitutional Court of Turkey (Turkish: Anayasa Mahkemesi, sometimes abbreviated as AYM) is the highest legal body for constitutional review in Turkey.
See Sharia and Constitutional Court of Turkey
Contract
A contract is an agreement that specifies certain legally enforceable rights and obligations pertaining to two or more parties.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly.
See Sharia and Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
Corporal punishment
A corporal punishment or a physical punishment is a punishment which is intended to cause physical pain to a person.
See Sharia and Corporal punishment
Corporation
A corporation is an organization—usually a group of people or a company—authorized by the state to act as a single entity (a legal entity recognized by private and public law as "born out of statute"; a legal person in a legal context) and recognized as such in law for certain purposes.
Corps de droit ottoman
Corps de droit ottoman; recueil des codes, lois, règlements, ordonnances et actes les plus importants du droit intérieur, et d'études sur le droit coutumier de l'Empire ottoman ("Ottoman Body of Law: Compendium the Most Important Codes, Laws, Regulations, and Acts of Domestic Law, and Studies of Customary Law, of the Ottoman Empire") is a 1905–1906 seven-volume French-language collection of Ottoman Empire law edited by George Young (1872–1952), published by Clarendon Press in the United Kingdom.
See Sharia and Corps de droit ottoman
Criminal law
Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.
Criminalization of homosexuality
Some or all sexual acts between men, and less frequently between women, have been classified as a criminal offense in various regions.
See Sharia and Criminalization of homosexuality
Cross-examination
In law, cross-examination is the interrogation of a witness by one's opponent.
See Sharia and Cross-examination
David Cameron
David William Donald Cameron, Baron Cameron of Chipping Norton, (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016, and as UK Foreign Secretary under Prime Minister Rishi Sunak from November 2023 to July 2024.
Dawah
(دعوة,, "invitation", also spelt dâvah,,, or dakwah) is the act of inviting people to Islam. Sharia and Dawah are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Dawah
Debt
Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor.
See Sharia and Debt
Decapitation in Islam
Decapitation was a standard method of capital punishment in pre-modern Islamic law.
See Sharia and Decapitation in Islam
Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.
Democracy
Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.
Dervish
Dervish, Darvesh, or Darwīsh (from درویش, Darvīsh) in Islam can refer broadly to members of a Sufi fraternity (tariqah), or more narrowly to a religious mendicant, who chose or accepted material poverty.
Dhimmi
(ذمي,, collectively أهل الذمة / "the people of the covenant") or (معاهد) is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection.
Diana West
Diana West (born November 8, 1961) is an American conservative author and former columnist.
Dignity
Dignity (from the Latin dignitas meaning "worth, worthiness; dignity, position, rank, status; authority, office; self-respect, grace") in some of its modern usages has come to mean the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically.
Din (Arabic)
Dīn (Dīn, also anglicized as Deen) is an Arabic word with three general senses: judgment, custom, and religion. Sharia and Din (Arabic) are islamic terminology.
Discovery (law)
Discovery, in the law of common law jurisdictions, is a phase of pretrial procedure in a lawsuit in which each party, through the law of civil procedure, can obtain evidence from other parties by means of methods of discovery such as interrogatories, requests for production of documents, requests for admissions and depositions.
See Sharia and Discovery (law)
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) was a period of history of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Young Turk Revolution and ultimately ending with the empire's dissolution and the founding of the modern state of Turkey.
See Sharia and Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
Divine law
Divine law is any body of law that is perceived as deriving from a transcendent source, such as the will of God or godsin contrast to man-made law or to secular law. Sharia and Divine law are religious law.
Divorce in Islam
Divorce according to Islamic law can occur in a variety of forms, some initiated by a husband and some by a wife.
See Sharia and Divorce in Islam
Doctor (title)
Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning.
Early Muslim conquests
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (translit), also known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
See Sharia and Early Muslim conquests
Early Quranic manuscripts
In Muslim tradition the Quran is the final revelation from God, Islam's divine text, delivered to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibril (Gabriel).
See Sharia and Early Quranic manuscripts
Emory University
Emory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia.
See Sharia and Emory University
Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam.
See Sharia and Encyclopaedia of Islam
Enjoining good and forbidding wrong
Enjoining good and forbidding wrong (al-amru bi-l-maʿrūfi wa-n-nahyu ʿani-l-munkari) are two important duties imposed by Allah in Islam, as revealed in the Quran and Hadith. Sharia and Enjoining good and forbidding wrong are islamic jurisprudence and islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Enjoining good and forbidding wrong
European Convention on Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR; formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe.
See Sharia and European Convention on Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
See Sharia and European Court of Human Rights
Evidence (law)
The law of evidence, also known as the rules of evidence, encompasses the rules and legal principles that govern the proof of facts in a legal proceeding.
Eye for an eye
"An eye for an eye" (עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן) is a commandment found in the Book of Exodus 21:23–27 expressing the principle of reciprocal justice measure for measure. Sharia and eye for an eye are islamic terminology.
Fahmi Huwaidi
Fahmi Huwaidi (فهمي هويدي; born 29 August 1937 in El Saff, Giza Governorate) is an Egyptian columnist.
Faqīh
A faqīh (fuqahā, فقيه;: ‏فقهاء&lrm) is an Islamic jurist, an expert in fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law. Sharia and faqīh are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Faqīh
Fard
(فرض) or (فريضة) or fardh in Islam is a religious duty commanded by God.
See Sharia and Fard
Fatawa 'Alamgiri
Fatawa 'Alamgiri, also known as Al-Fatawa al-'Alamgiriyya (الفتاوى العالمكيرية) or Al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya (الفتاوى الهندية), is a 17th-century sharia based compilation on statecraft, general ethics, military strategy, economic policy, justice and punishment, that served as the law and principal regulating body of the Mughal Empire, during the reign of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Muhiuddin Aurangzeb Alamgir. Sharia and Fatawa 'Alamgiri are legal codes.
See Sharia and Fatawa 'Alamgiri
Fatwa
A fatwa (translit; label) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist (faqih) in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government. Sharia and fatwa are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Fatwa
Fiqh
Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence. Sharia and Fiqh are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Fiqh
Fitna (word)
Fitna (or, pl.; فتنة, فتن: "temptation, trial; sedition, civil strife, conflict"Wehr (1976), p. 696.) is an Arabic word with extensive connotations of trial, affliction, or distress.
Flagellation
Flagellation (Latin, 'whip'), flogging or whipping is the act of beating the human body with special implements such as whips, rods, switches, the cat o' nine tails, the sjambok, the knout, etc.
Forensic identification
Forensic identification is the application of forensic science, or "forensics", and technology to identify specific objects from the trace evidence they leave, often at a crime scene or the scene of an accident.
See Sharia and Forensic identification
Four Doors
Four Doors is a concept in Sufism and in branches of Islam heavily influenced by Sufism such as Isma'ilism and Alevism. Sharia and Four Doors are islamic terminology.
Free Inquiry
Free Inquiry is a bimonthly journal of secular humanist opinion and commentary published by the Council for Secular Humanism, a program of the Center for Inquiry.
Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.
See Sharia and Freedom of religion
Freedom of thought
Freedom of thought is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, independent of others' viewpoints.
See Sharia and Freedom of thought
Galata
Galata is the former name of the Karaköy neighbourhood in Istanbul, which is located at the northern shore of the Golden Horn.
Gallup, Inc.
Gallup, Inc. is an American multinational analytics and advisory company based in Washington, D.C. Founded by George Gallup in 1935, the company became known for its public opinion polls conducted worldwide.
George Makdisi
George Abraham Makdisi was born in Detroit, Michigan, on May 15, 1920.
Gerd R. Puin
Gerd Rüdiger Puin (born 1940) is a German scholar of Oriental studies, specializing in Quranic palaeography, Arabic calligraphy and orthography.
Glossary of Islam
The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from Islamic and associated cultural (Arab, Persian, Turkish) traditions, which are expressed as words in Arabic or Persian language. Sharia and Glossary of Islam are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Glossary of Islam
God in Islam
In Islam, God (Allāh, contraction of ٱلْإِلَٰه, lit.) is seen as the creator and sustainer of the universe, who lives eternally and will eventually resurrect all humans.
Governance
Governance is the overall complex system or framework of processes, functions, structures, rules, laws and norms borne out of the relationships, interactions, power dynamics and communication within an organized group of individuals which not only sets the boundaries of acceptable conduct and practices of different actors of the group and controls their decision-making processes through the creation and enforcement of rules and guidelines, but also manages, allocates and mobilizes relevant resources and capacities of different members and sets the overall direction of the group in order to effectively address its specific collective needs, problems and challenges.
Government of Pakistan
The Government of Pakistan (حکومتِ پاکستان, abbreviated as GoP), constitutionally known as the Federal Government, commonly known as the Centre, is the national authority of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, a federal republic located in South Asia, consisting of four provinces and one federal territory.
See Sharia and Government of Pakistan
Grand Imam of al-Azhar
The Grand Imam of al-Azhar (الإمامالأكبر), also known as Grand Sheikh of al-Azhar (شيخ الأزهر الشريف), currently Ahmed el-Tayeb, is a prestigious and a prominent official title in Egypt and Islamic world.
See Sharia and Grand Imam of al-Azhar
Grand Mufti
The Grand Mufti (also called Chief Mufti, State Mufti and Supreme Mufti) is the head of regional muftis, Islamic jurisconsults, of a state.
Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia
The Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia is the most senior and most influential Muslim religious and legal authority in Saudi Arabia.
See Sharia and Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia
Greenwood Publishing Group
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio.
See Sharia and Greenwood Publishing Group
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (ولایت فقیه|Velâyat-e Faqih, also Velayat-e Faghih; Wilāyat al-Faqīh) is a concept in Twelver Shia Islamic law which holds that until the reappearance of the "infallible Imam" (sometime before Judgement Day), at least some of the religious and social affairs of the Muslim world should be administered by righteous Shi'i jurists (Faqīh).
See Sharia and Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
H. Patrick Glenn
H.
See Sharia and H. Patrick Glenn
Hadith
Hadith (translit) or Athar (أثر) is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad. Sharia and Hadith are islamic terminology.
Hadith studies
Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, (i.e. what most Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators).
Hadith terminology
Hadith terminology (muṣṭalaḥu l-ḥadīth) is the body of terminology in Islam which specifies the acceptability of the sayings (hadith) attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by other early Islamic figures of significance such as the companions and followers/successors. Sharia and Hadith terminology are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Hadith terminology
Hajj
Hajj (translit; also spelled Hadj, Haj or Haji) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Sharia and Hajj are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Hajj
Halakha
Halakha (translit), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho, is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah. Sharia and halakha are legal codes and religious law.
Halal
Halal (حلال) is an Arabic word that translates to in English. Sharia and Halal are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Halal
Hamid bin Abdallah al-Ali
Hamid bin Abdallah al-Ali (born 1960) has been described as "an influential Salafi cleric" based in Kuwait, whom the U.S. Treasury Department has described as "an Al Qaeda facilitator and fundraiser." However, following the release of Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif's anti-terrorist manifesto Rationalizing Jihad in Egypt and the World, he is reported to have "declared on a Web site that he welcomed the rejection of violence as a means of fostering change in the Arab world".
See Sharia and Hamid bin Abdallah al-Ali
Hanafi school
The Hanafi school or Hanafism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Hanbali school
The Hanbali school or Hanbalism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Hanging
Hanging is killing a person by suspending them from the neck with a noose or ligature.
Haqiqa
Haqiqa (Arabic rtl ḥaqīqa "truth") is one of "the four stages" in Sufism, shari’a (exoteric path), tariqa (esoteric path), haqiqa (mystical truth) and marifa (final mystical knowledge, unio mystica).
Haram
Haram (حَرَام) is an Arabic term meaning 'forbidden'.
See Sharia and Haram
Hassan al-Turabi
Hassan al-Turabi (1 February 1932 – 5 March 2016) was a Sudanese politician and scholar.
See Sharia and Hassan al-Turabi
Hawala
Hawala or hewala (حِوالة ḥawāla, meaning transfer or sometimes trust), originating in India as havala (हवाला), also known as havaleh in Persian, and xawala or xawilaad in Somali, is a popular and informal value transfer system based on the performance and honour of a huge network of money brokers (known as hawaladars).
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
See Sharia and Hebrew language
Heresy
Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, particularly the accepted beliefs or religious law of a religious organization. Sharia and Heresy are religious law.
Hijab
In modern usage, hijab (translit) generally refers to various head coverings conventionally worn by many Muslim women.
See Sharia and Hijab
Historical revisionism
In historiography, historical revisionism is the reinterpretation of a historical account.
See Sharia and Historical revisionism
History of responsa in Judaism
The history of responsa in Judaism (Hebrew: שאלות ותשובות, Sephardic: She'elot Utshuvot, Ashkenazic: Sheilos Utshuvos, usually shortened to שו"ת Shu"t), spans a period of 1,700 years.
See Sharia and History of responsa in Judaism
Hudud
Hudud (Arabic: حدود Ḥudūd, also transliterated hudood; plural of hadd, حد) is an Arabic word meaning "borders, boundaries, limits". Sharia and Hudud are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Hudud
Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,.
Human rights group
A human rights group, or human rights organization, is a non-governmental organization which advocates for human rights through identification of their violation, collecting incident data, its analysis and publication, promotion of public awareness while conducting institutional advocacy, and lobbying to halt these violations.
See Sharia and Human rights group
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
See Sharia and Human Rights Watch
Ibadah
Ibadah (عبادة., ‘ibādah, also spelled ibada) is an Arabic word meaning service or servitude. Sharia and ibadah are islamic jurisprudence.
Ibadi Islam
The Ibadi movement or Ibadism (al-ʾIbāḍiyya) is a branch inside Islam, which many believe is descended from the Kharijites.
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (ابن حجر العسقلاني; 18 February 1372 – 2 February 1449), or simply ibn Ḥajar, was a classic Islamic scholar "whose life work constitutes the final summation of the science of hadith." He authored some 150 works on hadith, history, biography, exegesis, poetry, and the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, the most valued of which being his commentary of Sahih al-Bukhari, titled Fath al-Bari.
See Sharia and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
Ibn Taymiyya
Ibn Taymiyya (ٱبْن تَيْمِيَّة; 22 January 1263 – 26 September 1328)Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi al-Din Ahmad, The Oxford Dictionary of Islam.
Ignác Goldziher
Ignác (Yitzhaq Yehuda) Goldziher (22 June 1850 – 13 November 1921), often credited as Ignaz Goldziher, was a Hungarian scholar of Islam.
See Sharia and Ignác Goldziher
Ijazah
An ijazah (الإِجازَة, "permission", "authorization", "license"; plural: ijazahs or ijazat) is a license authorizing its holder to transmit a certain text or subject, which is issued by someone already possessing such authority. Sharia and ijazah are islamic jurisprudence.
Ijma
Ijma (lit) is an Arabic term referring to the consensus or agreement of the Islamic community on a point of Islamic law. Sharia and Ijma are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Ijma
Ijtihad
Ijtihad (اجتهاد) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question. Sharia and Ijtihad are islamic jurisprudence.
Imamate in Shia doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah (إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad. Sharia and Imamate in Shia doctrine are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Imamate in Shia doctrine
Indian Penal Code
The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was the official criminal code in the Republic of India, inherited from British India after independence, until it was repealed and replaced by Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) in December 2023, which came into effect on 1 July 2024.
See Sharia and Indian Penal Code
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
See Sharia and Indian subcontinent
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Inheritance
Inheritance is the practice of receiving private property, titles, debts, entitlements, privileges, rights, and obligations upon the death of an individual.
Inns of Court
The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations for barristers in England and Wales.
International Islamic Fiqh Academy
International Islamic Fiqh Academy (مجمع الفقه الإسلامي الدولي.) is an international Islamic institution for the advanced study of Islamic jurisprudence and law based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
See Sharia and International Islamic Fiqh Academy
International propagation of Salafism
Starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s (and appearing to diminish after 2017), Salafism and Wahhabism — along with other Sunni interpretations of Islam favored by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other Gulf monarchies — achieved a "preeminent position of strength in the global expression of Islam." The impetus for the international propagation of these interpretations of Islam through the Muslim world was, according to political scientist Alex Alexiev, "the largest worldwide propaganda campaign ever mounted", David A.
See Sharia and International propagation of Salafism
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
See Sharia and Iran
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.
See Sharia and Iranian Revolution
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See Sharia and Islam
Islam and blasphemy
In Islam, blasphemy is impious utterance or action concerning God, but is broader than in normal English usage, including not only the mocking or vilifying of attributes of Islam but denying any of the fundamental beliefs of the religion. Sharia and Islam and blasphemy are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Islam and blasphemy
Islamic advice literature
Islamic advice literature may include collections of stories or anecdotes such as legal opinion, interpretation of religious text, legal theory, guidance, consultation, or Islamic stories.
See Sharia and Islamic advice literature
Islamic banking and finance
Islamic banking, Islamic finance (مصرفية إسلامية masrifiyya 'islamia), or Sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with Sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics.
See Sharia and Islamic banking and finance
Islamic calendar
The Hijri calendar (translit), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days. Sharia and Islamic calendar are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Islamic calendar
Islamic criminal jurisprudence
Islamic criminal law (فقه العقوبات) is criminal law in accordance with Sharia. Sharia and Islamic criminal jurisprudence are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Islamic criminal jurisprudence
Islamic criminal law in Aceh
The province of Aceh in Indonesia enforces some provisions of Islamic criminal law, the sole Indonesian province to do so.
See Sharia and Islamic criminal law in Aceh
Islamic economics
Islamic economics (الاقتصاد الإسلامي) refers to the knowledge of economics or economic activities and processes in terms of Islamic principles and teachings.
See Sharia and Islamic economics
Islamic extremism
Islamic extremism, Islamist extremism or radical Islam refers a set of extremist beliefs, behaviors and ideology within Islam.
See Sharia and Islamic extremism
Islamic family jurisprudence
Islamic family jurisprudence (فقه الأسرة الإسلامية) or Islamic family law or Muslim Family Law is the fiqh of laws and regulations related to maintaining of Muslim family, which are taken from Quran, hadith, fatwas of Muslim jurists and ijma of the Muslims.
See Sharia and Islamic family jurisprudence
Islamic fundamentalism
Islamic fundamentalism has been defined as a revivalist and reform movement of Muslims who aim to return to the founding scriptures of Islam.
See Sharia and Islamic fundamentalism
Islamic holy books
Islamic holy books are certain religious scriptures that are viewed by Muslims as having valid divine significance, in that they were authored by God (Allah) through a variety of prophets and messengers, including those who predate the Quran.
See Sharia and Islamic holy books
Islamic inheritance jurisprudence
Islamic Inheritance jurisprudence is a field of Islamic jurisprudence (فقه) that deals with inheritance, a topic that is prominently dealt with in the Qur'an.
See Sharia and Islamic inheritance jurisprudence
Islamic modernism
Islamic modernism is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response to the Western cultural challenge," attempting to reconcile the Islamic faith with values percieved as modern such as democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress.
See Sharia and Islamic modernism
Islamic republic
The term Islamic republic has been used in different ways.
See Sharia and Islamic republic
Islamic revival
Islamic revival (تجديد, lit., "regeneration, renewal"; also الصحوة الإسلامية, "Islamic awakening") refers to a revival of the Islamic religion, usually centered around enforcing sharia.
See Sharia and Islamic revival
Islamic schools and branches
Islamic schools and branches have different understandings of Islam.
See Sharia and Islamic schools and branches
Islamic Sharia Council
The Islamic Sharia Council (ISC) is a British organisation that provides legal rulings and advice to Muslims in accordance with its interpretation of Islamic Sharia based on the four Sunni schools of thought.
See Sharia and Islamic Sharia Council
Islamic state
An Islamic state has a form of government based on sharia law.
Islamic views on slavery
Islamic views on slavery represent a complex and multifaceted body of Islamic thought,Brockopp, Jonathan E., “Slaves and Slavery”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
See Sharia and Islamic views on slavery
Islamism
Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.
Isma'ilism
Isma'ilism (translit) is a branch or sect of Shia Islam.
Istihsan
(Arabic) is an Arabic term for juristic discretion. Sharia and Istihsan are islamic jurisprudence.
Istishab
Istiṣḥāb (استصحاب) is an Islamic term used in the jurisprudence to denote the principle of the presumption of continuity. Sharia and Istishab are islamic jurisprudence.
Istislah
Istislah (Arabic: استصلاح) is a method employed by Islamic jurists to solve problems that find no clear answer in sacred religious texts.
Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
Abū Muḥammad ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz bin ʿAbd al-Salām bin Abī al-Qāsim bin Ḥasan al-Sulamī al-Shāfiʿī (أبو محمد عز الدين عبد العزيز بن عبد السلامبن أبي القاسمبن حسن السُّلَمي الشافعي‎; 577 AH - 660 AH / 1262 CE), also known by his titles, Sultan al-'Ulama/ Sulthanul Ulama, Abu Muhammad al-Sulami, was a famous mujtahid, Ash'ari theologian, jurist and the leading Shafi'i authority of his generation.
See Sharia and Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
Jihad
Jihad (jihād) is an Arabic word which literally means "exerting", "striving", or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim.
See Sharia and Jihad
Jizya
Jizya (jizya), or jizyah, is a tax historically levied on dhimmis, that is, protected non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law.
See Sharia and Jizya
John Esposito
John Louis Esposito (born May 19, 1940) is an American academic, professor of Middle Eastern and religious studies, and scholar of Islamic studies, who serves as Professor of Religion, International Affairs, and Islamic Studies at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He is also the founding director of the Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding at Georgetown.
Jonathan A. C. Brown
Jonathan Andrew Cleveland Brown, born August 7, 1977, is a university academic and American scholar of Islamic studies.
See Sharia and Jonathan A. C. Brown
Joseph Schacht
Joseph Franz Schacht (15 March 1902 – 1 August 1969) was a British-German professor of Arabic and Islam at Columbia University in New York.
Judaism
Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.
Judeo-Christian
The term Judeo-Christian is used to group Christianity and Judaism together, either in reference to Christianity's derivation from Judaism, Christianity's recognition of Jewish scripture to constitute the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or values supposed to be shared by the two religions.
See Sharia and Judeo-Christian
Jury
A jury is a sworn body of people (jurors) convened to hear evidence, make findings of fact, and render an impartial verdict officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment.
See Sharia and Jury
Kafir
Kafir (kāfir; كَافِرُون, كُفَّار, or كَفَرَة; كَافِرَة; كَافِرَات or كَوَافِر) is an Arabic term in Islam which refers to a person who disbelieves the God in Islam, denies his authority, rejects the tenets of Islam, or simply is not a Muslim—one who does not believe in the guidance of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Sharia and Kafir are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Kafir
Kalam
Ilm al-kalam or ilm al-lahut, often shortened to kalam, is the scholastic, speculative, or philosophical study of Islamic theology (aqida). Sharia and kalam are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Kalam
Kano State
Kano State (Hausa: Jihar Kano جِهَرْ كَنُوَ; translit) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria, located in the northern region of the country.
Kano State Hisbah Corps
The Kano State Hisbah Corps is a religious police force in Kano state, Nigeria responsible for the enforcement of Shari'a to only Muslims in Kano state and other parts of the northern Nigeria.
See Sharia and Kano State Hisbah Corps
Khaled Abou El Fadl
Khaled Abou el Fadl (خالد أبو الفضل) (born October 23, 1963) is the Omar and Azmeralda Alfi Distinguished Professor of Law at the UCLA School of Law where he has taught courses on International Human Rights, Islamic jurisprudence, National Security Law, Law and Terrorism, Islam and Human Rights, Political Asylum, and Political Crimes and Legal Systems.
See Sharia and Khaled Abou El Fadl
Khutbah
Khutbah (خطبة, khuṭbah; خطبه, khotbeh; hutbe) serves as the primary formal occasion for public preaching in the Islamic tradition.
Languages of the Ottoman Empire
The language of the court and government of the Ottoman Empire was Ottoman Turkish, but many other languages were in contemporary use in parts of the empire.
See Sharia and Languages of the Ottoman Empire
Law of agency
The law of agency is an area of commercial law dealing with a set of contractual, quasi-contractual and non-contractual fiduciary relationships that involve a person, called the agent, who is authorized to act on behalf of another (called the principal) to create legal relations with a third party.
Law of the land
The phrase law of the land is a legal term, equivalent to the Latin lex terrae, or legem terrae in the accusative case.
See Sharia and Law of the land
Law Quarterly Review
The Law Quarterly Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering common law throughout the world.
See Sharia and Law Quarterly Review
Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre/center, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution, professional school, or department of a college or university specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction.
Lawrence Conrad
Lawrence Irvin Conrad (born 1949) is a British historian and scholar of Oriental studies, specializing in Near Eastern studies and the history of medicine.
See Sharia and Lawrence Conrad
Legal person
In law, a legal person is any person or 'thing' (less ambiguously, any legal entity) that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on.
Leiden University
Leiden University (abbreviated as LEI; Universiteit Leiden) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands.
See Sharia and Leiden University
Lexicography
Lexicography is the study of lexicons, and is divided into two separate academic disciplines.
Limited liability
Limited liability is a legal status in which a person's financial liability is limited to a fixed sum, most commonly the value of a person's investment in a corporation, company or joint venture.
See Sharia and Limited liability
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
The Lady Chief Justice of England and Wales (alternatively Lord Chief Justice when the holder is male) is the head of the judiciary of England and Wales and the president of the courts of England and Wales.
See Sharia and Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
Ma'rifa
In Sufism, maʿrifa ("experiential knowledge" or "gnosis") is the mystical understanding of God or Divine Reality. Sharia and Ma'rifa are islamic terminology.
Ma'ruf
Ma'ruf (معروف) is an Islamic term meaning that which is "well-known, universally accepted,... Sharia and Ma'ruf are islamic terminology.
Madhhab
A madhhab (way to act,, pl. label) refers to any school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence. Sharia and madhhab are islamic jurisprudence.
Madrasa
Madrasa (also,; Arabic: مدرسة, pl. مدارس), sometimes transliterated as madrasah or madrassa, is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary education or higher learning.
Magi
Magi, or magus, is the term for priests in Zoroastrianism and earlier Iranian religions.
See Sharia and Magi
Magister degree
A magister degree (also magistar, female form: magistra; from magister, "teacher") is an academic degree used in various systems of higher education.
See Sharia and Magister degree
Mahr
In Islam, a mahr (in مهر; مهريه; mehir; mahari; mahar; also transliterated mehr, meher, mehrieh, or mahriyeh) is the bride wealth obligation, in the form of money, possessions or teaching of verses from the Quran by the groom, to the bride at the time of the Islamic Wedding (payment also has circumstances on when and how to pay). Sharia and mahr are islamic jurisprudence and islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Mahr
Majus
Majūs (مجوس) or Magūs (مگوش) was originally a term meaning Zoroastrians, specifically priests.
See Sharia and Majus
Makruh
In Islamic terminology, something which is makruh or makrooh (مكروه, transliterated: makrooh or makrūh) is "disliked", literally "detestable" or "abominable". Sharia and makruh are islamic jurisprudence.
Malik ibn Anas
Malik ibn Anas (translit; –795) was an Islamic scholar and traditionalist who is the eponym of the Maliki school, one of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence in Sunni Islam.
Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Manumission
Manumission, or enfranchisement, is the act of freeing slaves by their owners.
Marriage in Islam
In Islam, nikah (translit) is a contract exclusively between a man and woman.
See Sharia and Marriage in Islam
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg.
See Sharia and Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Maslaha
Maslaha or maslahah (مصلحة) is a concept in Sharia (Islamic divine law) regarded as a basis of law. Sharia and maslaha are islamic jurisprudence.
Master of Laws
A Master of Laws (M.L. or LL.M.; Latin: Magister Legum or Legum Magister) is an advanced postgraduate academic degree, pursued by those either holding an undergraduate academic law degree, a professional law degree, or an undergraduate degree in a related subject.
Mazalim
Al-Maẓālim (injustices, grievances) were an ancient pre-Islamic institution that was adopted by the Abbasid Caliphate in the eighth century CE.
Mecelle
The Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye (مجلۀ احكامعدلیە), or the Mecelle in short, was the civil code of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Melbourne University Law Review
The Melbourne University Law Review is a triannual law journal published by a student group at Melbourne Law School covering all areas of law.
See Sharia and Melbourne University Law Review
Michael Broyde
Michael Jay Broyde (born May 12, 1964) is an American legal scholar.
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
Mihna
The Mihna (lit) (also known as the first Muslim inquisition) was a period of religious persecution instituted by the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun in 833 CE in which religious scholars were punished, imprisoned, or even killed unless they conformed to Muʿtazila doctrine.
See Sharia and Mihna
Ministry of Justice (Israel)
The Justice Ministry (מִשְׂרָד הַמִשְׁפָּטִים, Misrad HaMishpatim; وزارة العدل) is the Israeli government ministry that oversees the Israeli judicial system.
See Sharia and Ministry of Justice (Israel)
Minority rights
Minority rights are the normal individual rights as applied to members of racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or gender and sexual minorities, and also the collective rights accorded to any minority group.
See Sharia and Minority rights
Mishnah
The Mishnah or the Mishna (מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah, or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.
Mohammed al-Ghazali
Sheikh Mohammed al-Ghazali al-Saqqa (1917–1996) (الشيخ محمد الغزالي السقا.) was an Islamic scholar whose writings "have influenced generations of Egyptians".
See Sharia and Mohammed al-Ghazali
Mohammed Arkoun
Mohammed Arkoun (محمد أركون; 1 February 1928 – 14 September 2010) was an Algerian scholar and thinker.
See Sharia and Mohammed Arkoun
Moses
Moses; Mōše; also known as Moshe or Moshe Rabbeinu (Mishnaic Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ); Mūše; Mūsā; Mōÿsēs was a Hebrew prophet, teacher and leader, according to Abrahamic tradition.
See Sharia and Moses
Mu'amalat
Muamalat (also muʿāmalāt, معاملات., literally "transactions"TBE, "CHAPTER A1, INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC MUAMALAT", 2012: p.6 or "dealings") is a part of Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh. Sharia and Mu'amalat are islamic jurisprudence.
Mu'tazilism
Mu'tazilism (translit, singular translit) was an Islamic sect that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad.
Mubah
Mubāḥ (Arabic: مباح) is an Arabic word roughly meaning "permitted", which has technical uses in Islamic law.
See Sharia and Mubah
Mudawana
The Mudawana (or Moudawana, lit), short for mudawwanat al-aḥwāl ash-shakhṣiyyah, is the personal status code, also known as the family code, in Moroccan law.
Mufti
A mufti (مفتي) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion (fatwa) on a point of Islamic law (sharia).
See Sharia and Mufti
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.
Muhammad
Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.
Muhammad Abduh
Muḥammad ʿAbduh (1849 – 11 July 1905) (also spelled Mohammed Abduh, محمد عبده) was an Egyptian Islamic scholar, judge, and Grand Mufti of Egypt.
Muhammad al-Bukhari
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ibrāhīm al-Juʿfī al-Bukhārī (21 July 810 – 1 September 870) was a 9th-century Muslim muhaddith who is widely regarded as the most important hadith scholar in the history of Sunni Islam.
See Sharia and Muhammad al-Bukhari
Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy
Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy (محمد سيد طنطاوي; 28 October 1928 – 10 March 2010), also referred to as Tantawi, was an influential Islamic scholar in Egypt.
See Sharia and Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 192417 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer who served as the sixth president of Pakistan from 1978 until his death.
See Sharia and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Muhtasib
A muḥtasib (محتسب, from the root ḥisbah, or "accountability"Sami Zubaida (2005), Law and Power in the Islamic World,, pages 58-60) was "a holder of the office of al-hisbah in classical Islamic administrations", according to Oxford Islamic Studies.
Mukhtasar
Mukhtaṣar (المختصر), in Islamic law, refers to a concise handbook of legal treatises, characterized by neatness and clarity.
Mumin
Mu'min or mumin (muʾmin; مُؤْمِنَة) is an Arabic name and Islamic term frequently referenced in the Quran, meaning 'believer'.
See Sharia and Mumin
Musawah
Musawah ('equality'; in Arabic: مساواة) is a global movement for equality and justice in the Muslim family and family laws, led by 'Islamic feminists' "seeking to reclaim Islam and the Koran for themselves", applying progressive interpretations of sacred texts usually referred as feminist tafsir.
Muslim Arbitration Tribunal
The Muslim Arbitration Tribunal is a form of alternative dispute resolution which operates under the Arbitration Act 1996 which is available in England.
See Sharia and Muslim Arbitration Tribunal
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī (أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلمبن الحجاج بن مسلمبن وَرْد القشيري النيسابوري; after 815 – May 875 CE / 206 – 261 AH), commonly known as Imam Muslim, was an Islamic scholar from the city of Nishapur, particularly known as a muhaddith (scholar of hadith).
See Sharia and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Muslim world
The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Musta'min
Mustaʾmīn or Musta'man (مستأمن) is a historical Islamic term for a non-Muslim foreigner temporarily residing in Muslim lands with aman, or guarantee of short-term safe-conduct (aman mu'aqqat), affording the protected status of dhimmi (non-Muslim subjects permanently living in a Muslim-ruled land) without the payment of jizya. Sharia and Musta'min are islamic terminology.
Mustahabb
Mustahabb is an Islamic term referring to an action or thing that is recommended and favoured. Sharia and Mustahabb are islamic jurisprudence.
Muwatta Imam Malik
The Muwaṭṭaʾ (الموطأ, "well-trodden path") or Muwatta Imam Malik (موطأ الإماممالك) of Imam Malik (711–795) written in the 8th-century, is one of the earliest collections of hadith texts comprising the subjects of Islamic law, compiled by the Imam, Malik ibn Anas.
See Sharia and Muwatta Imam Malik
Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Code, officially the Civil Code of the French (simply referred to as Code civil), is the French civil code established during the French Consulate in 1804 and still in force in France, although heavily and frequently amended since its inception.
See Sharia and Napoleonic Code
Naskh (tafsir)
Naskh (نسخ) is an Arabic word usually translated as "abrogation". Sharia and Naskh (tafsir) are islamic terminology.
Nasr Abu Zayd
Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd (نصر حامد أبو زيد,; also Abu Zaid or Abu Zeid; July 10, 1943 – July 5, 2010) was an Egyptian Quranic thinker, author, academic and one of the leading liberal theologians in Islam.
Nass (Islam)
Nass (naṣṣ) is an Arabic word variously translated as "a known, clear legal injunction," a "divine decree", a "designation", "written law" as opposed to unwritten law, "canonical text" that forbids or requires, a "textual proof". Sharia and Nass (Islam) are islamic terminology.
Natana J. DeLong-Bas
Natana J. DeLong-Bas is an American academic, scholar of Middle Eastern and Islamic studies, and author of a number of academic publications on Islam on the subjects of Saudi Arabia and Wahhabism, Islamic thought and history, Islam and politics, and contemporary jihadism.
See Sharia and Natana J. DeLong-Bas
Natural person
In jurisprudence, a natural person (also physical person in some Commonwealth countries, or natural entity) is a person (in legal meaning, i.e., one who has its own legal personality) that is an individual human being, distinguished from the broader category of a legal person, which may be a private (i.e., business entity or non-governmental organization) or public (i.e., government) organization.
Nawal El Saadawi
Nawal Elsaadawi (نوال السعداوى,, 22 October 1931 – 21 March 2021) was an Egyptian feminist writer, activist and physician.
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Newt Gingrich
Newton Leroy Gingrich (né McPherson; born June 17, 1943) is an American politician and author who served as the 50th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999.
Nick Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers
Nicholas Addison Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers,,, (born 21 January 1938) is a British former senior judge.
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Nikah mut'ah
Nikah mut'ah nikāḥ al-mutʿah, literally "fun sex", "pleasure marriage"; temporary marriage or Sigheh (صیغه ، ازدواج موقت) is a private and verbal temporary marriage contract that is practiced in Twelver Shia Islam in which the duration of the marriage and the mahr must be specified and agreed upon in advance. Sharia and Nikah mut'ah are islamic terminology.
Niyyah
Niyyah (Arabic: نِيَّةٌ, variously transliterated niyyah, niyya, "intention") is an Islamic concept: the intention in one's heart to do an act for the sake of God (Allah).
North Carolina Law Review
The North Carolina Law Review is a law journal of the University of North Carolina School of Law.
See Sharia and North Carolina Law Review
Nuh Ha Mim Keller
Nuh Ha Mim Keller (born 1954) is an American Islamic scholar, teacher and author who lives in Amman.
See Sharia and Nuh Ha Mim Keller
Oneworld Publications
Oneworld Publications is a British independent publishing firm founded in 1986 by Novin Doostdar and Juliet Mabey originally to publish accessible non-fiction by experts and academics for the general market.
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Ontario
Ontario is the southernmost province of Canada.
Oral tradition
Oral tradition, or oral lore, is a form of human communication in which knowledge, art, ideas and culture are received, preserved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another.
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1969.
See Sharia and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Orientalism
In art history, literature and cultural studies, orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects of the Eastern world (or "Orient") by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world.
Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism.
See Sharia and Orthodox Judaism
Osama bin Laden
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (translit; 10 March 19572 May 2011) was a Saudi Arabian-born Islamist dissident and militant leader who was the founder and first general emir of al-Qaeda from 1988 until his death in 2011.
See Sharia and Osama bin Laden
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Ottoman family law
Muslim sharia law that was prominent during the Ottoman Empire is family law.
See Sharia and Ottoman family law
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
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Patricia Crone
Patricia Crone (28 March 1945 – 11 July 2015) was a Danish historian specialising in early Islamic history.
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
See Sharia and Pew Research Center
Plaintiff
A plaintiff (Π in legal shorthand) is the party who initiates a lawsuit (also known as an action) before a court.
Political aspects of Islam
Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Quran, ''ḥadīth'' literature, and sunnah (accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad during his lifetime), the history of Islam, and elements of political movements outside Islam.
See Sharia and Political aspects of Islam
Political Islam
Political Islam is any interpretation of Islam as a source of political identity and action.
See Sharia and Political Islam
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Pre-Islamic Arabia, referring to the Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad's first revelation in 610 CE, is referred to in Islam in the context of, highlighting the prevalence of paganism throughout the region at the time.
See Sharia and Pre-Islamic Arabia
Precedent
Precedent is a principle or rule established in a legal case that becomes authoritative to a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar legal issues or facts.
Presidencies and provinces of British India
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent.
See Sharia and Presidencies and provinces of British India
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Principle of legality in French criminal law
The principle of legality in French criminal law holds that no one may be convicted of a criminal offense unless a previously published legal text sets out in clear and precise wording the constituent elements of the offense and the penalty which applies to it.
See Sharia and Principle of legality in French criminal law
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (translit) are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) for deriving the rulings of Islamic law (sharia). Sharia and principles of Islamic jurisprudence are islamic jurisprudence and islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
Professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.
Prophets and messengers in Islam
Prophets in Islam (translit) are individuals in Islam who are believed to spread God's message on Earth and serve as models of ideal human behaviour.
See Sharia and Prophets and messengers in Islam
Qadi
A qāḍī (Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, kadi, kadhi, kazi, or gazi) is the magistrate or judge of a sharīʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and audition of public works.
See Sharia and Qadi
Qanun (law)
Qanun is an Arabic term that refers to laws established by Muslim sovereigns, especially the body of administrative, economic and criminal law promulgated by Ottoman sultans. Sharia and Qanun (law) are islamic jurisprudence, islamic terminology and legal codes.
Qisas
Qisas or Qiṣāṣ (lit) is an Islamic term interpreted to mean "retaliation in kind",Mohamed S. El-Awa (1993), Punishment In Islamic Law, American Trust Publications, "eye for an eye", or retributive justice.
See Sharia and Qisas
Qiyas
In Islamic jurisprudence, qiyas (قياس) is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Quran, in order to apply a known injunction (nass) to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. Sharia and qiyas are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Qiyas
Quebec
QuebecAccording to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.
Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah). Sharia and Quran are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Quran
Quranism
Quranism (translit) is an Islamic movement that holds the belief that the Quran is the only valid source of religious belief, guidance, and law in Islam. Sharia and Quranism are islamic terminology.
Rabbinic Judaism
Rabbinic Judaism (יהדות רבנית|Yahadut Rabanit), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, or Rabbanite Judaism, has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud.
See Sharia and Rabbinic Judaism
Rached Ghannouchi
Rached Ghannouchi (Rāshid al-Ghannūshī; born 22 June 1941), also spelled Rachid al-Ghannouchi or Rached el-Ghannouchi, is a Tunisian politician, the co-founder of the Ennahdha Party and serving as its intellectual leader.
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Rachel Ehrenfeld
Rachel Ehrenfeld is an American political commentator on terrorism and corruption-related topics, and serves as director of a conservative think tank, the American Center for Democracy, and its Economic Warfare Institute.
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Rashid Rida
Muhammad Rashid Rida (translit; 1865–1935) was an Islamic scholar, reformer, theologian and revivalist.
Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Sharia and Rashidun Caliphate
Reliance of the Traveller
Umdat as-Salik wa 'Uddat an-Nasik (Reliance of the Traveller and Tools of the Worshipper, also commonly known by its shorter title Reliance of the Traveller) is a classical manual of fiqh for the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Reliance of the Traveller
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia included indigenous Arabian polytheism, ancient Semitic religions, Christianity, Judaism, Mandaeism, and Zoroastrianism.
See Sharia and Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
Religious law
Religious law includes ethical and moral codes taught by religious traditions.
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party, also known as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.
See Sharia and Republican Party (United States)
Revisionist school of Islamic studies
The revisionist school of Islamic studies (also historical-critical school of Islamic studies and skeptic-revisionist Islamic historians)Hoyland, ''In God's Path'', 2015: p.232 is a movement in Islamic studies that questions traditional Muslim narratives of Islam's origins.
See Sharia and Revisionist school of Islamic studies
Reza Aslan
Reza Aslan (رضا اصلان,; born May 3, 1972) is an Iranian-American scholar of sociality, writer, and television host.
Rhetoric
Rhetoric is the art of persuasion.
Right to property
The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership), is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions.
See Sharia and Right to property
Rowan Williams
Rowan Douglas Williams, Baron Williams of Oystermouth, (born 14 June 1950) is a Welsh Anglican bishop, theologian and poet.
Rowman & Littlefield
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.
See Sharia and Rowman & Littlefield
Ruhollah Khomeini
Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 19023 June 1989) was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989.
See Sharia and Ruhollah Khomeini
Saadia Gaon
Saʿadia ben Yosef Gaon (882/892 – 942) was a prominent rabbi, gaon, Jewish philosopher, and exegete who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate.
Safaitic
Safaitic (Al-Ṣafāʾiyyah) is a variety of the South Semitic scripts used by the Arabs in southern Syria and northern Jordan in the Ḥarrah region, to carve rock inscriptions in various dialects of Old Arabic and Ancient North Arabian.
Salafi movement
The Salafi movement or Salafism is a revival movement within Sunni Islam, which was formed as a socio-religious movement during the late 19th century and has remained influential in the Islamic world for over a century.
See Sharia and Salafi movement
Salah
Salah is the principal form of worship in Islam. Sharia and Salah are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Salah
Salman Rushdie
Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie (born 19 June 1947) is an Indian-born British-American novelist.
Salman Taseer
Salman Taseer (Punjabi and سلمان تاثیر; 4 January 2011) was a Pakistani businessman and politician, who served as the 26th Governor of Punjab from 2008 until his assassination in 2011.
Satanic Verses controversy
The Satanic Verses controversy, also known as the Rushdie Affair, was a controversy sparked by the 1988 publication of Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses.
See Sharia and Satanic Verses controversy
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
Sayyid Qutb
Sayyid Ibrahim Husayn Shadhili Qutb (9 October 190629 August 1966) was an Egyptian political theorist and revolutionary who was a leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Sīrah
Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, commonly shortened to Sīrah and translated as prophetic biography, are the traditional Muslim biographies of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and Hadiths, most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived. Sharia and Sīrah are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Sīrah
Scholasticism
Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories.
Secularism
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.
Secularity
Secularity, also the secular or secularness (from Latin saeculum, "worldly" or "of a generation"), is the state of being unrelated or neutral in regards to religion.
Shafi'i school
The Shafi'i school or Shafi'ism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
Shahbaz Bhatti
Clement Shahbaz Bhatti (9 September 19682 March 2011) was a Pakistani politician and the first Christian Federal Minister for Minorities Affairs.
Sharia
Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith. Sharia and Sharia are islamic jurisprudence, islamic terminology, legal codes, religious law and religious legal systems.
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
Shia Personal Status Law
The Shia Personal Status Law, also known as the Shia Family Law, is a law of Afghanistan that was approved in February 2009 with Afghan President Hamid Karzai's signature.
See Sharia and Shia Personal Status Law
Shura
Shura (lit) can for example take the form of a council or a referendum.
See Sharia and Shura
Shurta
Shurṭa (شرطة) is the common Arabic term for police.
Skyhorse Publishing
Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. is an American independent book publishing company founded in 2006 and headquartered in New York City, with a satellite office in Brattleboro, Vermont.
See Sharia and Skyhorse Publishing
Social status
Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess.
Sources of Sharia
Various sources of Islamic Laws are used by Islamic jurisprudence to elaborate the body of Islamic law. Sharia and sources of Sharia are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Sources of Sharia
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
The speaker of the United States House of Representatives, commonly known as the speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives.
See Sharia and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
Status of women's testimony in Islam
The status of women's testimony in Islam is disputed. Sharia and status of women's testimony in Islam are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Status of women's testimony in Islam
Stoning
Stoning, or lapidation, is a method of capital punishment where a group throws stones at a person until the subject dies from blunt trauma.
Sufism
Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism and asceticism.
Sulaiman Al-Alwan
Sulaymān al-ʿAlwān (born 1969) or more fully known as, Sulaymān bin Nāṣir bin ʿAbdillāh al-ʿAlwān (سليمان بن ناصر بن عبد الله العلوان), is a theoretician of militant jihad.
See Sharia and Sulaiman Al-Alwan
Sunnah
In Islam,, also spelled (سنة), is the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow. Sharia and Sunnah are islamic terminology.
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
Swiss Civil Code
The Swiss Civil Code (SR/RS 210, Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB); Code civil suisse (CC); Codice civile svizzero (CC); Cudesch civil svizzer) is a portion of the second part (SR/RS 2) of the internal Swiss law ("Private law - Administration of civil justice - Enforcement") that regulates the codified law ruling in Switzerland and relationship between individuals.
See Sharia and Swiss Civil Code
Syracuse University Press
Syracuse University Press, founded in 1943, is a university press that is part of Syracuse University.
See Sharia and Syracuse University Press
Tabi'un
The tābiʿūn (اَلتَّابِعُونَ, also accusative or genitive tābiʿīn اَلتَّابِعِينَ, singular tābiʿ تَابِعٌ), "followers" or "successors", are the generation of Muslims who followed the companions (ṣaḥāba) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and thus received their teachings secondhand. Sharia and Tabi'un are islamic terminology.
Taliban
The Taliban (lit), which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is an Afghan militant movement with an ideology comprising elements of Pashtun nationalism and the Deobandi movement of Islamic fundamentalism.
Talmud
The Talmud (תַּלְמוּד|Talmūḏ|teaching) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.
Tanzimat
The (lit, see nizam) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
Taqlid
Taqlid (taqlīd) is an Islamic term denoting the conformity of one person to the teaching of another. Sharia and Taqlid are islamic jurisprudence.
Tarek El-Bishry
Tarek El-Bishry (طارق عبد الفتاح سليمالبشري,; 1 November 1933 – 26 February 2021) was an Egyptian judge.
See Sharia and Tarek El-Bishry
Tariqa
A tariqa is a religious order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking, which translates as "ultimate truth". Sharia and tariqa are islamic terminology.
Tazir
In Islamic Law, tazir (ta'zeer or ta'zir, تعزير) refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge (Qadi) or ruler of the state. Sharia and tazir are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Tazir
Term logic
In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, the Peripatetics.
Textual criticism
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books.
See Sharia and Textual criticism
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Sharia and The New York Times
The Satanic Verses
The Satanic Verses is the fourth novel of the British-Indian writer Salman Rushdie.
See Sharia and The Satanic Verses
Theocracy
Theocracy is a form of government in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the government's daily affairs.
Theology
Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity.
Theonomy
Theonomy (from Greek theos "God" and nomos "law") is a hypothetical Christian form of government in which society is ruled by divine law.
Thomas de Maizière
Karl Ernst Thomas de Maizière (born 21 January 1954) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Federal Minister of the Interior from 2009 to 2011 and 2013 to 2018, as well as Federal Minister of Defence from 2011 to 2013.
See Sharia and Thomas de Maizière
Timur Kuran
Timur Kuran is a Turkish-American economist and political scientist currently serving as a Professor of Economics and Political Science, and Gorter Family Professor of Islamic Studies at Duke University.
Torah
The Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
See Sharia and Torah
Trust (law)
A trust is a legal relationship in which the owner of property (or any other transferable right) gives it to another person or entity, who must manage and use the property solely for the benefit of another designated person.
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
See Sharia and Turkish language
Twelve Imams
The Twelve Imams (ٱلْأَئِمَّة ٱلْٱثْنَا عَشَر,; دوازده امام) are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, including that of the Alawite and Alevi.
Twelver Shi'ism
Twelver Shīʿism (ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة), also known as Imāmiyya (إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa, comprising about 90% of all Shīas.
See Sharia and Twelver Shi'ism
Ulama
In Islam, the ulama (the learned ones; singular ʿālim; feminine singular alimah; plural aalimath), also spelled ulema, are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law.
See Sharia and Ulama
Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644.
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Ummah
(أُمَّة) is an Arabic word meaning "nation".
See Sharia and Ummah
Umrah
The Umrah (lit) is an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims, located in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia.
See Sharia and Umrah
UNICEF
UNICEF, originally the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, officially United Nations Children's Fund since 1953, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.
See Sharia and United Arab Emirates
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings.
See Sharia and Universal Declaration of Human Rights
University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Sharia and University of Chicago Press
University of Florida Levin College of Law
The University of Florida Fredric G. Levin College of Law (UF Law) is the law school of the University of Florida located in Gainesville, Florida.
See Sharia and University of Florida Levin College of Law
University of Georgia Press
The University of Georgia Press or UGA Press is the university press of the University of Georgia, a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia.
See Sharia and University of Georgia Press
University of Pennsylvania Law Review
The University of Pennsylvania Law Review, formerly known as the American Law Register, is a law review published by an organization of second and third year J.D. students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School.
See Sharia and University of Pennsylvania Law Review
Urf
(العرف) is an Arabic Islamic term referring to the custom, or 'knowledge', of a given society. Sharia and Urf are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Urf
Usul Fiqh in Ja'fari school
Ja'fari principles (علماصول در مکتب جعفری) refers to regulations, history and eminent persons and scholars during the development of Shia's Principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Sharia and Usul Fiqh in Ja'fari school are islamic jurisprudence.
See Sharia and Usul Fiqh in Ja'fari school
Usulism
Usulism (translit) is the majority school of Twelver Shia Islam in opposition to the minority Akhbarism.
Virgin Books
Virgin Books is a British book publisher 90% owned by the publishing group Random House, and 10% owned by Virgin Group, the company originally set up by Richard Branson as a record company.
Wael Hallaq
Wael B. Hallaq is the Avalon Foundation Professor in the Humanities at Columbia University, where he has been teaching ethics, law, and political thought since 2009.
Wahhabism
Wahhabism (translit) is a reformist religious movement within Sunni Islam, based on the teachings of 18th-century Hanbali cleric Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab.
Wali
A wali (walī; plural أَوْلِيَاء) is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate a saint, otherwise referred to by the more literal "friend of God". Sharia and wali are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Wali
Waqf
A (وَقْف;, plural), also called a (plural حُبوس or أَحْباس), or mortmain property, is an inalienable charitable endowment under Islamic law. Sharia and Waqf are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Waqf
Warren Hastings
Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818) was a British colonial administrator, who served as the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and so the first Governor-General of Bengal in 1772–1785.
See Sharia and Warren Hastings
Würzburg
Würzburg (Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is, after Nuremberg and Fürth, the third-largest city in Franconia located in the north of Bavaria.
Welfare Party
The Welfare Party (Refah Partisi, RP) was an Islamist political party in Turkey.
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
White Ribbon Campaign
The White Ribbon Campaign (WRC) is a global movement of men and boys working to end male violence against women and girls.
See Sharia and White Ribbon Campaign
Women in Islam
The experiences of Muslim women (Muslimāt, singular مسلمة Muslimah) vary widely between and within different societies.
Women's rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide.
Yusuf al-Qaradawi
Yusuf al-Qaradawi (translit; or Yusuf al-Qardawi; 9 September 1926 – 26 September 2022) was an Egyptian Islamic scholar based in Doha, Qatar, and chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars.
See Sharia and Yusuf al-Qaradawi
Zahiri school
The Ẓāhirī school (translit) or Zahirism is a Sunnī school of Islamic jurisprudence founded in the 9th century by Dāwūd al-Ẓāhirī, a Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian of the Islamic Golden Age.
Zakat
Zakat (or Zakāh) is one of the five pillars of Islam. Sharia and Zakat are islamic terminology.
See Sharia and Zakat
Zaydism
Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali‘s unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate.
Zina
Zināʾ (زِنَاء) or zinā (زِنًى or زِنًا) is an Islamic legal term referring to unlawful sexual intercourse.
See Sharia and Zina
See also
Religious law
- Apostasy
- Banishment in the Torah
- Bhāruci
- Canon law
- Church tax
- Concordat
- Crimes in religion
- Damnation
- Dhammasattha
- Dharmaśāstra
- Divine law
- Dratshang Lhentshog
- Food and drink prohibitions
- Halachot Pesukot
- Halakha
- Heresy
- Hindu law
- Homosexuality in the Hebrew Bible
- Homosexuality in the New Testament
- Impiety
- Internal sin
- Jain law
- Jurisdictionalism
- Laicism
- Law of chastity
- Mandatory war
- Milkhemet Mitzvah
- Modesty guard
- Neetham
- Oral law
- Orthopraxy
- Parsi law
- Proprietary church
- Public funding of the Catholic Church in Italy
- Religion and abortion
- Religious Freedom Act
- Religious law
- Religious police
- Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork
- Ritual slaughter
- Sharia
- She'iltot
- Shunning
- Sin
- Staðamálin
- Synod
- The Bible and homosexuality
- Voluntary war
- Word of Wisdom (Latter Day Saints)
Religious legal systems
- Al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith
- Baháʼí laws
- Beth din
- Buddhist law
- Christian law
- Church membership council
- Islamic law
- Jain law
- Jewish law
- Laicism
- Law of Afghanistan
- Law of Iran
- Law of Saudi Arabia
- Legal system of Saudi Arabia
- Sharia
- Tibetan dual system of government
References
Also known as Chériat, Chériet, Criticism of Sharia law, Enforcement of Sharia law, Human rights and Islamic law, Human rights and Sharia, Islam rules, Islamic Justice, Islamic Law, Islamic Laws, Islamic Shari'a, Islamic legal tradition, Islamic religious law, Islamic religious laws, Islamic rules, Koranic law, Mahommedan Law, Mashrouyah, Muslim Law, Public opinion on sharia, Qanun 'Islami, Qanun Islami, Qānūn ʾIslāmī, Rule of Islamic law, Rule of sharia, Sari'ah, Sariatu, Schér'i, Sha'ria law, Shar'ia, Shar'iah, Sharayiat, Sharee'ah, Shareea, Shareeah, Shâri'a, Shari'a law, Sharí’ah, Shari'ah law, Shari`a, Shari`ah, Sharia Law, Sharia school, Sharia'a, Sharia'h, Shariaa, Shariah, Shariah Law, Shariat, Shari‘ law, Sharī'a, Sharīʿa, Sharīʿah, Sharī‘ah, Sheri'at, Sheri'eh, Sheriat, Sherī'eh, Syari'ah, Syaria law, Syariah, Syariah law, Syariat, Tauzeeh-ul-Masail (Ayatollah al-Uzma Seyyid Ali al-Sistani), The Sharia, Şeriat, Šarīʿah, شريعة.
, Austin Dacey, Baligh, Bank, Basij, BBC News Online, Bernard Lewis, Bild, Blasphemy in Pakistan, Blasphemy law, Blood money in Islam, Boston Review, Brunei, Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, Caliphate, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Capital punishment, Capital punishment for homosexuality, Capital punishment in Islam, Chicago, Child custody, Christianity, Christians, Circumstantial evidence, Codification (law), Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia), Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Gaza Strip), Common law, Companions of the Prophet, Comparative law, Constitutional Court of Turkey, Contract, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Corporal punishment, Corporation, Corps de droit ottoman, Criminal law, Criminalization of homosexuality, Cross-examination, David Cameron, Dawah, Debt, Decapitation in Islam, Defendant, Democracy, Dervish, Dhimmi, Diana West, Dignity, Din (Arabic), Discovery (law), Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Divine law, Divorce in Islam, Doctor (title), Early Muslim conquests, Early Quranic manuscripts, Emory University, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Enjoining good and forbidding wrong, European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, Evidence (law), Eye for an eye, Fahmi Huwaidi, Faqīh, Fard, Fatawa 'Alamgiri, Fatwa, Fiqh, Fitna (word), Flagellation, Forensic identification, Four Doors, Free Inquiry, Freedom of religion, Freedom of thought, Galata, Gallup, Inc., George Makdisi, Gerd R. Puin, Glossary of Islam, God in Islam, Governance, Government of Pakistan, Grand Imam of al-Azhar, Grand Mufti, Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, Greenwood Publishing Group, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, H. Patrick Glenn, Hadith, Hadith studies, Hadith terminology, Hajj, Halakha, Halal, Hamid bin Abdallah al-Ali, Hanafi school, Hanbali school, Hanging, Haqiqa, Haram, Hassan al-Turabi, Hawala, Hebrew language, Heresy, Hijab, Historical revisionism, History of responsa in Judaism, Hudud, Human rights, Human rights group, Human Rights Watch, Ibadah, Ibadi Islam, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Ibn Taymiyya, Ignác Goldziher, Ijazah, Ijma, Ijtihad, Imamate in Shia doctrine, Indian Penal Code, Indian subcontinent, Indonesia, Inheritance, Inns of Court, International Islamic Fiqh Academy, International propagation of Salafism, Iran, Iranian Revolution, Islam, Islam and blasphemy, Islamic advice literature, Islamic banking and finance, Islamic calendar, Islamic criminal jurisprudence, Islamic criminal law in Aceh, Islamic economics, Islamic extremism, Islamic family jurisprudence, Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic holy books, Islamic inheritance jurisprudence, Islamic modernism, Islamic republic, Islamic revival, Islamic schools and branches, Islamic Sharia Council, Islamic state, Islamic views on slavery, Islamism, Isma'ilism, Istihsan, Istishab, Istislah, Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam, Jihad, Jizya, John Esposito, Jonathan A. C. Brown, Joseph Schacht, Judaism, Judeo-Christian, Jury, Kafir, Kalam, Kano State, Kano State Hisbah Corps, Khaled Abou El Fadl, Khutbah, Languages of the Ottoman Empire, Law of agency, Law of the land, Law Quarterly Review, Law school, Lawrence Conrad, Legal person, Leiden University, Lexicography, Limited liability, Linguistics, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, Ma'rifa, Ma'ruf, Madhhab, Madrasa, Magi, Magister degree, Mahr, Majus, Makruh, Malik ibn Anas, Maliki school, Manumission, Marriage in Islam, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Maslaha, Master of Laws, Mazalim, Mecelle, Melbourne University Law Review, Michael Broyde, Middle East, Mihna, Ministry of Justice (Israel), Minority rights, Mishnah, Mohammed al-Ghazali, Mohammed Arkoun, Moses, Mu'amalat, Mu'tazilism, Mubah, Mudawana, Mufti, Mughal Empire, Muhammad, Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Muhtasib, Mukhtasar, Mumin, Musawah, Muslim Arbitration Tribunal, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Muslim world, Muslims, Musta'min, Mustahabb, Muwatta Imam Malik, Napoleonic Code, Naskh (tafsir), Nasr Abu Zayd, Nass (Islam), Natana J. DeLong-Bas, Natural person, Nawal El Saadawi, Newt Gingrich, Nick Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers, Nikah mut'ah, Niyyah, North Carolina Law Review, Nuh Ha Mim Keller, Oneworld Publications, Ontario, Oral tradition, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Orientalism, Orthodox Judaism, Osama bin Laden, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman family law, Oxford University Press, Patricia Crone, Pew Research Center, Plaintiff, Political aspects of Islam, Political Islam, Pre-Islamic Arabia, Precedent, Presidencies and provinces of British India, Princeton University Press, Principle of legality in French criminal law, Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, Professor, Prophets and messengers in Islam, Qadi, Qanun (law), Qisas, Qiyas, Quebec, Quran, Quranism, Rabbinic Judaism, Rached Ghannouchi, Rachel Ehrenfeld, Rashid Rida, Rashidun Caliphate, Reliance of the Traveller, Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia, Religious law, Republican Party (United States), Revisionist school of Islamic studies, Reza Aslan, Rhetoric, Right to property, Rowan Williams, Rowman & Littlefield, Ruhollah Khomeini, Saadia Gaon, Safaitic, Salafi movement, Salah, Salman Rushdie, Salman Taseer, Satanic Verses controversy, Saudi Arabia, Sayyid Qutb, Sīrah, Scholasticism, Secularism, Secularity, Shafi'i school, Shahbaz Bhatti, Sharia, Shia Islam, Shia Personal Status Law, Shura, Shurta, Skyhorse Publishing, Social status, Sources of Sharia, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Status of women's testimony in Islam, Stoning, Sufism, Sulaiman Al-Alwan, Sunnah, Sunni Islam, Swiss Civil Code, Syracuse University Press, Tabi'un, Taliban, Talmud, Tanzimat, Taqlid, Tarek El-Bishry, Tariqa, Tazir, Term logic, Textual criticism, The New York Times, The Satanic Verses, Theocracy, Theology, Theonomy, Thomas de Maizière, Timur Kuran, Torah, Trust (law), Turkey, Turkish language, Twelve Imams, Twelver Shi'ism, Ulama, Umar, Ummah, Umrah, UNICEF, United Arab Emirates, United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, University of Chicago Press, University of Florida Levin College of Law, University of Georgia Press, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Urf, Usul Fiqh in Ja'fari school, Usulism, Virgin Books, Wael Hallaq, Wahhabism, Wali, Waqf, Warren Hastings, Würzburg, Welfare Party, Western world, White Ribbon Campaign, Women in Islam, Women's rights, Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Zahiri school, Zakat, Zaydism, Zina.