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32 relations: Adenine, Aromaticity, Base pair, Cytosine, DNA, Dyad symmetry, Five prime untranslated region, Genetic code, Guanine, Hammerhead ribozyme, Hydrogen bond, Initiation, Intrinsic termination, Inverted repeat, Kissing stem-loop, Messenger RNA, MicroRNA, Nucleotide, Palindromic sequence, Pi bond, Prokaryote, Pseudoknot, Repeated sequence (DNA), Ribosome-binding site, Ribozyme, RNA, RNA polymerase, Steric effects, Tetraloop, Transfer RNA, Translation (biology), Uracil.
Adenine
Adenine (A, Ade) is a nucleobase (a purine derivative).
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Aromaticity
In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms.
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Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
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Cytosine
Cytosine (C) is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Dyad symmetry
In genetics, dyad symmetry refers to two areas of a DNA strand whose base pair sequences are inverted repeats of each other.
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Five prime untranslated region
The 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) (also known as a leader sequence or leader RNA) is the region of an mRNA that is directly upstream from the initiation codon.
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Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.
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Guanine
Guanine (or G, Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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Hammerhead ribozyme
The hammerhead ribozyme is an RNA motif that catalyzes reversible cleavage and ligation reactions at a specific site within an RNA molecule.
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Hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen (H) which is bound to a more electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F), and another adjacent atom bearing a lone pair of electrons.
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Initiation
Initiation is a rite of passage marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society.
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Intrinsic termination
Intrinsic termination (also called Rho-independent termination) is a mechanism in prokaryotes that causes RNA transcription to stop and release the newly made RNA.
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Inverted repeat
An inverted repeat (or IR) is a single stranded sequence of nucleotides followed downstream by its reverse complement.
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Kissing stem-loop
A kissing stem-loop, or kissing interaction, is formed in RNA when two bases between two hairpin loops pair.
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Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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MicroRNA
A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
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Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.
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Palindromic sequence
A palindromic sequence is a nucleic acid sequence on double-stranded DNA or RNA wherein reading 5' (five-prime) to 3' (three prime) forward on one strand matches the sequence reading 5' to 3' on the complementary strand with which it forms a double helix.
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Pi bond
In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds where two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap two lobes of an orbital on another atom.
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Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
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Pseudoknot
A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem.
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Repeated sequence (DNA)
Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, or repeats) are patterns of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome.
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Ribosome-binding site
A ribosome binding site, or ribosomal binding site (RBS), is a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of protein translation.
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Ribozyme
Ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that are capable of catalyzing specific biochemical reactions, similar to the action of protein enzymes.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase (ribonucleic acid polymerase), both abbreviated RNAP or RNApol, official name DNA-directed RNA polymerase, is a member of a family of enzymes that are essential to life: they are found in all organisms (-species) and many viruses.
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Steric effects
Steric effects are nonbonding interactions that influence the shape (conformation) and reactivity of ions and molecules.
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Tetraloop
Tetraloops are a type of four-base hairpin loop motifs in RNA secondary structure that cap many double helices.
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Transfer RNA
A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Translation (biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
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Uracil
Uracil (U) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
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DNA hairpin, Hairpin (genetics), Hairpin loop, Hairpin structure, Stem and loop, Stem loop, Stem-and-loop, Stem-loop structure.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem-loop
