Table of Contents
191 relations: Aṣṭādhyāyī, Academic journal, Adaptive system, Adjective, Adjective phrase, Adjunct (grammar), Adposition, Adpositional phrase, Adverb, Agreement (linguistics), Ancient Greek, Antecedent (grammar), Antoine Arnauld, Apposition, Arc pair grammar, Argument (linguistics), Argument of a function, Article (grammar), Autonomy of syntax, Auxiliary verb, Branching (linguistics), C-command, Cartographic syntax, Categorial grammar, Catena (linguistics), Chinese language, Claude Lancelot, Clause, Cognition, Cognitive grammar, Comparison (grammar), Complement (linguistics), Complementizer, Compound (linguistics), Conjunction (grammar), Connectionism, Constituent (linguistics), Construction grammar, Coordination (linguistics), Crossover effects, Dangling modifier, Declension, Dependency grammar, Dependent-marking language, Derek Bickerton, Determiner, Dionysius Thrax, Dual (grammatical number), Endocentric and exocentric, English phrasal verbs, ... Expand index (141 more) »
- Branches of linguistics
Aṣṭādhyāyī
The (अष्टाध्यायी) is a grammar that describes a form of an early Indo-Aryan language: Sanskrit.
Academic journal
An academic journal or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published.
See Syntax and Academic journal
Adaptive system
An adaptive system is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole that together are able to respond to environmental changes or changes in the interacting parts, in a way analogous to either continuous physiological homeostasis or evolutionary adaptation in biology.
See Syntax and Adaptive system
Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated adj.) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase.
Adjective phrase
An adjective phrase (or adjectival phrase) is a phrase whose head is an adjective. Syntax and adjective phrase are grammar.
See Syntax and Adjective phrase
Adjunct (grammar)
In linguistics, an adjunct is an optional, or structurally dispensable, part of a sentence, clause, or phrase that, if removed or discarded, will not structurally affect the remainder of the sentence. Syntax and adjunct (grammar) are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Adjunct (grammar)
Adposition
Adpositions are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, behind, ago, etc.) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
Adpositional phrase
An adpositional phrase is a syntactic category that includes prepositional phrases, postpositional phrases, and circumpositional phrases. Syntax and adpositional phrase are grammar.
See Syntax and Adpositional phrase
Adverb
An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, clause, preposition, or sentence.
Agreement (linguistics)
In linguistics, agreement or concord (abbreviated) occurs when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates.
See Syntax and Agreement (linguistics)
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
Antecedent (grammar)
In grammar, an antecedent is one or more words that establish the meaning of a pronoun or other pro-form.
See Syntax and Antecedent (grammar)
Antoine Arnauld
Antoine Arnauld (6 February 16128 August 1694) was a French Catholic theologian, philosopher and mathematician.
See Syntax and Antoine Arnauld
Apposition
Apposition is a grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side so one element identifies the other in a different way. Syntax and Apposition are grammar.
Arc pair grammar
In linguistics, arc pair grammar (APG) is a theory of syntax that aims to formalize and expand upon relational grammar.
See Syntax and Arc pair grammar
Argument (linguistics)
In linguistics, an argument is an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate, the latter referring in this context to a main verb and its auxiliaries. Syntax and argument (linguistics) are grammar and syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Argument (linguistics)
Argument of a function
In mathematics, an argument of a function is a value provided to obtain the function's result.
See Syntax and Argument of a function
Article (grammar)
In grammar, an article is any member of a class of dedicated words that are used with noun phrases to mark the identifiability of the referents of the noun phrases. Syntax and article (grammar) are grammar.
See Syntax and Article (grammar)
Autonomy of syntax
In linguistics, the autonomy of syntax is the assumption that syntax is arbitrary and self-contained with respect to meaning, semantics, pragmatics, discourse function, and other factors external to language. Syntax and autonomy of syntax are philosophy of language.
See Syntax and Autonomy of syntax
Auxiliary verb
An auxiliary verb (abbreviated) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.
Branching (linguistics)
In linguistics, branching refers to the shape of the parse trees that represent the structure of sentences. Syntax and branching (linguistics) are grammar.
See Syntax and Branching (linguistics)
C-command
In generative grammar and related frameworks, a node in a parse tree c-commands its sister node and all of its sister's descendants.
Cartographic syntax
In linguistics, Cartographic syntax, or simply Cartography, is a branch of Generative syntax.
See Syntax and Cartographic syntax
Categorial grammar
Categorial grammar is a family of formalisms in natural language syntax that share the central assumption that syntactic constituents combine as functions and arguments.
See Syntax and Categorial grammar
Catena (linguistics)
In linguistics, a catena (English pronunciation:, plural catenas or catenae; from Latin for "chain") is a unit of syntax and morphology, closely associated with dependency grammars.
See Syntax and Catena (linguistics)
Chinese language
Chinese is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China.
See Syntax and Chinese language
Claude Lancelot
Claude Lancelot (c. 1615 – 1695) was a French Jansenist monk and grammarian.
See Syntax and Claude Lancelot
Clause
In language, a clause is a constituent or phrase that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate. Syntax and clause are syntactic entities.
Cognition
Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".
Cognitive grammar
Cognitive grammar is a cognitive approach to language developed by Ronald Langacker, which hypothesizes that grammar, semantics, and lexicon exist on a continuum instead of as separate processes altogether.
See Syntax and Cognitive grammar
Comparison (grammar)
Comparison is a feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are rendered in an inflected or periphrastic way to indicate a comparative degree, property, quality, or quantity of a corresponding word, phrase, or clause.
See Syntax and Comparison (grammar)
Complement (linguistics)
In grammar, a complement is a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression. Syntax and complement (linguistics) are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Complement (linguistics)
Complementizer
In linguistics (especially generative grammar), a complementizer or complementiser (glossing abbreviation) is a functional category (part of speech) that includes those words that can be used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence.
Compound (linguistics)
In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word or sign) that consists of more than one stem.
See Syntax and Compound (linguistics)
Conjunction (grammar)
In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated or) is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses that are called the conjuncts of the conjunctions. Syntax and conjunction (grammar) are grammar.
See Syntax and Conjunction (grammar)
Connectionism
Connectionism (coined by Edward Thorndike in the 1931) is the name of an approach to the study of human mental processes and cognition that utilizes mathematical models known as connectionist networks or artificial neural networks.
Constituent (linguistics)
In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure.
See Syntax and Constituent (linguistics)
Construction grammar
Construction grammar (often abbreviated CxG) is a family of theories within the field of cognitive linguistics which posit that constructions, or learned pairings of linguistic patterns with meanings, are the fundamental building blocks of human language.
See Syntax and Construction grammar
Coordination (linguistics)
In linguistics, coordination is a complex syntactic structure that links together two or more elements; these elements are called conjuncts or conjoins.
See Syntax and Coordination (linguistics)
Crossover effects
In linguistics, crossover effects are restrictions on possible binding or coreference that hold between certain phrases and pronouns.
See Syntax and Crossover effects
Dangling modifier
A dangling modifier (also known as a dangling participle or illogical participle) is a type of ambiguous grammatical construct whereby a grammatical modifier could be misinterpreted as being associated with a word other than the one intended. Syntax and dangling modifier are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Dangling modifier
Declension
In linguistics, declension (verb: to decline) is the changing of the form of a word, generally to express its syntactic function in the sentence, by way of some inflection. Syntax and declension are grammar and linguistics terminology.
Dependency grammar
Dependency grammar (DG) is a class of modern grammatical theories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation of phrase structure) and that can be traced back primarily to the work of Lucien Tesnière.
See Syntax and Dependency grammar
Dependent-marking language
A dependent-marking language has grammatical markers of agreement and case government between the words of phrases that tend to appear more on dependents than on heads.
See Syntax and Dependent-marking language
Derek Bickerton
Derek Bickerton (March 25, 1926 – March 5, 2018) was an English-born linguist and professor at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
See Syntax and Derek Bickerton
Determiner
Determiner, also called determinative (abbreviated), is a term used in some models of grammatical description to describe a word or affix belonging to a class of noun modifiers. Syntax and Determiner are grammar.
Dionysius Thrax
Dionysius Thrax (Διονύσιος ὁ Θρᾷξ Dionýsios ho Thrâix, 170–90 BC) was a Greek grammarian and a pupil of Aristarchus of Samothrace.
See Syntax and Dionysius Thrax
Dual (grammatical number)
Dual (abbreviated) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural.
See Syntax and Dual (grammatical number)
Endocentric and exocentric
In theoretical linguistics, a distinction is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions.
See Syntax and Endocentric and exocentric
English phrasal verbs
In the traditional grammar of Modern English, a phrasal verb typically constitutes a single semantic unit consisting of a verb followed by a particle (examples: turn down, run into or sit up), sometimes collocated with a preposition (examples: get together with, run out of or feed off of).
See Syntax and English phrasal verbs
Evolutionary linguistics
Evolutionary linguistics or Darwinian linguistics is a sociobiological approach to the study of language.
See Syntax and Evolutionary linguistics
Finite verb
A finite verb is the form of a verb that immediately complements a subject unless its clause is expressed in the imperative mood, which typically omits specific mention of the subject.
Finnish grammar
The Finnish language is spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns elsewhere.
See Syntax and Finnish grammar
Formal system
A formal system is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for inferring theorems from axioms by a set of inference rules.
Franz Bopp
Franz Bopp (14 September 1791 – 23 October 1867) was a German linguist known for extensive and pioneering comparative work on Indo-European languages.
Function (mathematics)
In mathematics, a function from a set to a set assigns to each element of exactly one element of.
See Syntax and Function (mathematics)
Function word
In linguistics, function words (also called functors) are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker. Syntax and function word are grammar.
Functional discourse grammar
Functional grammar (FG) and functional discourse grammar (FDG) are grammar models and theories motivated by functional theories of grammar. Syntax and functional discourse grammar are grammar.
See Syntax and Functional discourse grammar
Functional generative description
Functional generative description (FGD) is a linguistic framework developed at Charles University in Prague since the 1960s by a team led by Petr Sgall.
See Syntax and Functional generative description
Functional linguistics
Functional linguistics is an approach to the study of language characterized by taking systematically into account the speaker's and the hearer's side, and the communicative needs of the speaker and of the given language community.
See Syntax and Functional linguistics
Generalized phrase structure grammar
Generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG) is a framework for describing the syntax and semantics of natural languages.
See Syntax and Generalized phrase structure grammar
Generative grammar
Generative grammar is a research tradition in linguistics that aims to explain the cognitive basis of language by formulating and testing explicit models of humans' subconscious grammatical knowledge. Syntax and Generative grammar are grammar.
See Syntax and Generative grammar
Generative semantics
Generative semantics was a research program in theoretical linguistics which held that syntactic structures are computed on the basis of meanings rather than the other way around.
See Syntax and Generative semantics
Gerald Gazdar
Gerald James Michael Gazdar, FBA (born 24 February 1950) is a British linguist and computer scientist.
Gerund
In linguistics, a gerund (abbreviated ger) is any of various nonfinite verb forms in various languages; most often, but not exclusively, it is one that functions as a noun. Syntax and gerund are syntactic entities.
Government (linguistics)
In grammar and theoretical linguistics, government or rection refers to the relationship between a word and its dependents.
See Syntax and Government (linguistics)
Government and binding theory
Government and binding (GB, GBT) is a theory of syntax and a phrase structure grammar in the tradition of transformational grammar developed principally by Noam Chomsky in the 1980s.
See Syntax and Government and binding theory
Grammar
In linguistics, a grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Syntax and grammar are linguistics terminology.
Grammatical aspect
In linguistics, aspect is a grammatical category that expresses how a verbal action, event, or state, extends over time.
See Syntax and Grammatical aspect
Grammatical conjugation
In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to rules of grammar). Syntax and Grammatical conjugation are linguistics terminology.
See Syntax and Grammatical conjugation
Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns.
See Syntax and Grammatical gender
Grammatical modifier
In linguistics, a modifier is an optional element in phrase structure or clause structure which modifies the meaning of another element in the structure.
See Syntax and Grammatical modifier
Grammatical mood
In linguistics, grammatical mood is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality.
See Syntax and Grammatical mood
Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more").
See Syntax and Grammatical number
Grammatical particle
In grammar, the term particle (abbreviated) has a traditional meaning, as a part of speech that cannot be inflected, and a modern meaning, as a function word (functor) associated with another word or phrase in order to impart meaning.
See Syntax and Grammatical particle
Grammatical person
In linguistics, grammatical person is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person).
See Syntax and Grammatical person
Grammatical relation
In linguistics, grammatical relations (also called grammatical functions, grammatical roles, or syntactic functions) are functional relationships between constituents in a clause.
See Syntax and Grammatical relation
Grammatical tense
In grammar, tense is a category that expresses time reference.
See Syntax and Grammatical tense
Grammaticality
In linguistics, grammaticality is determined by the conformity to language usage as derived by the grammar of a particular speech variety. Syntax and grammaticality are grammar.
Harmonic grammar
Harmonic grammar is a linguistic model proposed by Geraldine Legendre, Yoshiro Miyata, and Paul Smolensky in 1990.
See Syntax and Harmonic grammar
Head (linguistics)
In linguistics, the head or nucleus of a phrase is the word that determines the syntactic category of that phrase. Syntax and head (linguistics) are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Head (linguistics)
Head-driven phrase structure grammar
Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag.
See Syntax and Head-driven phrase structure grammar
Head-marking language
A language is head-marking if the grammatical marks showing agreement between different words of a phrase tend to be placed on the heads (or nuclei) of phrases, rather than on the modifiers or dependents.
See Syntax and Head-marking language
Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also termed diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of language change over time. Syntax and Historical linguistics are Branches of linguistics.
See Syntax and Historical linguistics
History of India
Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago.
See Syntax and History of India
Infinitive
Infinitive (abbreviated) is a linguistics term for certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs. Syntax and Infinitive are syntactic entities.
Interactional linguistics
Interactional linguistics (IL) is an interdisciplinary approach to grammar and interaction in the field of linguistics, that applies the methods of Conversation Analysis to the study of linguistic structures, including syntax, phonetics, morphology, and so on. Syntax and Interactional linguistics are grammar.
See Syntax and Interactional linguistics
Intransitive verb
In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb, aside from an auxiliary verb, whose context does not entail a transitive object.
See Syntax and Intransitive verb
Inversion (linguistics)
In linguistics, inversion is any of several grammatical constructions where two expressions switch their typical or expected order of appearance, that is, they invert. Syntax and inversion (linguistics) are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Inversion (linguistics)
John A. Hawkins (linguist)
John A. Hawkins is Professor of English and Applied Linguistics at the Research Centre for English and Applied Linguistics (RCEAL) at the University of Cambridge.
See Syntax and John A. Hawkins (linguist)
Joseph Greenberg
Joseph Harold Greenberg (May 28, 1915 – May 7, 2001) was an American linguist, known mainly for his work concerning linguistic typology and the genetic classification of languages.
See Syntax and Joseph Greenberg
Language processing in the brain
In psycholinguistics, language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood.
See Syntax and Language processing in the brain
Lexical functional grammar
Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a constraint-based grammar framework in theoretical linguistics.
See Syntax and Lexical functional grammar
Lexical item
In lexicography, a lexical item is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words (catena) that forms the basic elements of a language's lexicon (≈ vocabulary). Syntax and lexical item are linguistics terminology.
Lexico
Lexico was a dictionary website that provided a collection of English and Spanish dictionaries produced by Oxford University Press (OUP), the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
Linguistic typology
Linguistic typology (or language typology) is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison. Syntax and linguistic typology are Branches of linguistics.
See Syntax and Linguistic typology
Linguistic universal
A linguistic universal is a pattern that occurs systematically across natural languages, potentially true for all of them.
See Syntax and Linguistic universal
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Syntax and Linguistics are language.
List of syntactic phenomena
A list of phenomena in syntax.
See Syntax and List of syntactic phenomena
Logic
Logic is the study of correct reasoning.
See Syntax and Logic
Logical form (linguistics)
In generative grammar and related approaches, the logical form (LF) of a linguistic expression is the variant of its syntactic structure which undergoes semantic interpretation. Syntax and logical form (linguistics) are grammar.
See Syntax and Logical form (linguistics)
Louis Hjelmslev
Louis Trolle Hjelmslev (3 October 189930 May 1965) was a Danish linguist whose ideas formed the basis of the Copenhagen School of linguistics.
See Syntax and Louis Hjelmslev
Lucien Tesnière
Lucien Tesnière (May 13, 1893 – December 6, 1954) was a prominent and influential French linguist.
See Syntax and Lucien Tesnière
M-command
In generative grammar and related frameworks, m-command is a syntactic relation between two nodes in a syntactic tree.
Meaning–text theory
Meaning–text theory (MTT) is a theoretical linguistic framework, first put forward in Moscow by Aleksandr Žolkovskij and Igor Mel’čuk, for the construction of models of natural language.
See Syntax and Meaning–text theory
Measure word
In linguistics, measure words are words (or morphemes) that are used in combination with a numeral to indicate an amount of something represented by some noun.
Merge (linguistics)
Merge is one of the basic operations in the Minimalist Program, a leading approach to generative syntax, when two syntactic objects are combined to form a new syntactic unit (a set).
See Syntax and Merge (linguistics)
Metasyntax
A metasyntax is a syntax used to define the syntax of a programming language or formal language.
Michael Brame
Michael K. Brame (January 27, 1944 – August 16, 2010) was an American linguist.
Mind
The mind is what thinks, feels, perceives, imagines, remembers, and wills, encompassing the totality of mental phenomena.
See Syntax and Mind
Minimalist program
In linguistics, the minimalist program is a major line of inquiry that has been developing inside generative grammar since the early 1990s, starting with a 1993 paper by Noam Chomsky.
See Syntax and Minimalist program
MIT Press
The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Modal particle
In linguistics, modal particles are always uninflected words, and are a type of grammatical particle.
Modal verb
A modal verb is a type of verb that contextually indicates a modality such as a likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestion, order, obligation, necessity, possibility or advice. Syntax and modal verb are philosophy of language.
Morpheme
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful constituent of a linguistic expression. Syntax and morpheme are linguistics terminology.
Morphosyntactic alignment
In linguistics, morphosyntactic alignment is the grammatical relationship between arguments—specifically, between the two arguments (in English, subject and object) of transitive verbs like the dog chased the cat, and the single argument of intransitive verbs like the cat ran away. Syntax and morphosyntactic alignment are grammar.
See Syntax and Morphosyntactic alignment
Movement paradox
A movement paradox is a phenomenon of grammar that challenges the transformational approach to syntax.
See Syntax and Movement paradox
Musical syntax
When analysing the regularities and structure of music as well as the processing of music in the brain, certain findings lead to the question of whether music is based on a syntax that could be compared with linguistic syntax.
Nanosyntax
Nanosyntax is an approach to syntax where the terminal nodes of syntactic parse trees may be reduced to units smaller than a morpheme.
Neural network
A neural network is a group of interconnected units called neurons that send signals to one another.
Noam Chomsky
Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American professor and public intellectual known for his work in linguistics, political activism, and social criticism.
Nonfinite verb
A nonfinite verb, in contrast to a finite verb, is a form of a verb that lacks inflection (conjugation) for number or person.
Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. Syntax and noun are grammar.
See Syntax and Noun
Noun ellipsis
Noun ellipsis (N-ellipsis), also noun phrase ellipsis (NPE), is a mechanism that elides, or appears to elide, part of a noun phrase that can be recovered from context.
Noun phrase
A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun.
Object (grammar)
In linguistics, an object is any of several types of arguments. Syntax and object (grammar) are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Object (grammar)
Object–subject–verb word order
In linguistic typology, object–subject–verb (OSV) or object–agent–verb (OAV) is a classification of languages, based on whether the structure predominates in pragmatically neutral expressions.
See Syntax and Object–subject–verb word order
Object–verb–subject word order
In linguistic typology, object–verb–subject (OVS) or object–verb–agent (OVA) is a rare permutation of word order.
See Syntax and Object–verb–subject word order
Operator grammar
Operator grammar is a mathematical theory of human language that explains how language carries information.
See Syntax and Operator grammar
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Syntax and Oxford University Press
Parse tree
A parse tree or parsing tree (also known as a derivation tree or concrete syntax tree) is an ordered, rooted tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some context-free grammar.
Parsing
Parsing, syntax analysis, or syntactic analysis is the process of analyzing a string of symbols, either in natural language, computer languages or data structures, conforming to the rules of a formal grammar.
Part of speech
In grammar, a part of speech or part-of-speech (abbreviated as POS or PoS, also known as word class or grammatical category) is a category of words (or, more generally, of lexical items) that have similar grammatical properties. Syntax and part of speech are grammar.
Passive voice
A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages.
Pāṇini
(पाणिनि.) was a logician, Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and revered scholar in ancient India, variously dated between the 7th and 4th century BCE.
Periphrasis
In linguistics and literature, periphrasis is the use of a larger number of words, with an implicit comparison to the possibility of using fewer.
Personal pronoun
Personal pronouns are pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it, they).
See Syntax and Personal pronoun
Phrase
In grammar, a phrasecalled expression in some contextsis a group of words or singular word acting as a grammatical unit.
Phrase structure grammar
The term phrase structure grammar was originally introduced by Noam Chomsky as the term for grammar studied previously by Emil Post and Axel Thue (Post canonical systems).
See Syntax and Phrase structure grammar
Plural
The plural (sometimes abbreviated as pl., pl, or), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number.
Port-Royal Grammar
The Port-Royal Grammar (originally Grammaire générale et raisonnée contenant les fondemens de l'art de parler, expliqués d'une manière claire et naturelle, "General and Rational Grammar, containing the fundamentals of the art of speaking, explained in a clear and natural manner") was a milestone in the analysis and philosophy of language.
See Syntax and Port-Royal Grammar
Port-Royal Logic
Port-Royal Logic, or Logique de Port-Royal, is the common name of La logique, ou l'art de penser, an important textbook on logic first published anonymously in 1662 by Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole, two prominent members of the Jansenist movement, centered on Port-Royal.
See Syntax and Port-Royal Logic
Port-Royal-des-Champs
Port-Royal-des-Champs was an abbey of Cistercian nuns in Magny-les-Hameaux, in the Vallée de Chevreuse southwest of Paris that launched a number of culturally important institutions.
See Syntax and Port-Royal-des-Champs
Prague linguistic circle
The Prague school or Prague linguistic circle is a language and literature society.
See Syntax and Prague linguistic circle
Predicate (grammar)
The term predicate is used in two ways in linguistics and its subfields. Syntax and predicate (grammar) are grammar and philosophy of language.
See Syntax and Predicate (grammar)
Predicative expression
A predicative expression (or just predicative) is part of a clause predicate, and is an expression that typically follows a copula or linking verb, e.g. be, seem, appear, or that appears as a second complement of a certain type of verb, e.g. call, make, name, etc. Syntax and predicative expression are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Predicative expression
Probability theory
Probability theory or probability calculus is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability.
See Syntax and Probability theory
Pronoun
In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (glossed) is a word or a group of words that one may substitute for a noun or noun phrase.
Recursion
Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself.
Relational grammar
In linguistics, relational grammar (RG) is a syntactic theory which argues that primitive grammatical relations provide the ideal means to state syntactic rules in universal terms.
See Syntax and Relational grammar
Restrictiveness
In semantics, a modifier is said to be restrictive (or defining) if it restricts the reference of its head. Syntax and Restrictiveness are grammar.
See Syntax and Restrictiveness
Right node raising
In linguistics, the term right node raising (RNR) denotes a sharing mechanism that sees the material to the immediate right of parallel structures being in some sense "shared" by those parallel structures, e.g. but the debates. Syntax and right node raising are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Right node raising
Role and reference grammar
Role and reference grammar (RRG) is a model of grammar developed by William A. Foley and Robert Van Valin, Jr. in the 1980s, which incorporates many of the points of view of current functional grammar theories.
See Syntax and Role and reference grammar
Scrambling (linguistics)
Scrambling is a syntactic phenomenon wherein sentences can be formulated using a variety of different word orders without any change in meaning.
See Syntax and Scrambling (linguistics)
Selection (linguistics)
In linguistics, selection denotes the ability of predicates to determine the semantic content of their arguments. Syntax and selection (linguistics) are grammar.
See Syntax and Selection (linguistics)
Semantics
Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning. Syntax and Semantics are Branches of linguistics, grammar, linguistics terminology and Semiotics.
Semiotics
Semiotics is the systematic study of sign processes and the communication of meaning. Syntax and Semiotics are Branches of linguistics, linguistics terminology and philosophy of language.
Sentence (linguistics)
In linguistics and grammar, a sentence is a linguistic expression, such as the English example "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." In traditional grammar, it is typically defined as a string of words that expresses a complete thought, or as a unit consisting of a subject and predicate. Syntax and sentence (linguistics) are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Sentence (linguistics)
Separable verb
A separable verb is a verb that is composed of a lexical core and a separable particle.
Stochastic grammar
A stochastic grammar (statistical grammar) is a grammar framework with a probabilistic notion of grammaticality.
See Syntax and Stochastic grammar
Subcategorization
In linguistics, subcategorization denotes the ability/necessity for lexical items (usually verbs) to require/allow the presence and types of the syntactic arguments with which they co-occur.
See Syntax and Subcategorization
Subject (grammar)
A subject is one of the two main parts of a sentence (the other being the predicate, which modifies the subject). Syntax and subject (grammar) are syntactic entities.
See Syntax and Subject (grammar)
Subject–object–verb word order
In linguistic typology, a subject–object–verb (SOV) language is one in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence always or usually appear in that order.
See Syntax and Subject–object–verb word order
Subject–verb–object word order
In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third.
See Syntax and Subject–verb–object word order
Subordination (linguistics)
In linguistics, subordination (abbreviated variously,, or) is a principle of the hierarchical organization of linguistic units.
See Syntax and Subordination (linguistics)
Syntactic category
A syntactic category is a syntactic unit that theories of syntax assume.
See Syntax and Syntactic category
Syntactic movement
Syntactic movement is the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities.
See Syntax and Syntactic movement
Syntax (journal)
Syntax is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of syntax of natural languages, established in 1998 and published by Wiley-Blackwell.
See Syntax and Syntax (journal)
Syntax (programming languages)
In computer science, the syntax of a computer language is the rules that define the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in that language.
See Syntax and Syntax (programming languages)
Syntax–semantics interface
In linguistics, the syntax–semantics interface is the interaction between syntax and semantics.
See Syntax and Syntax–semantics interface
Systemic functional grammar
Systemic functional grammar (SFG) is a form of grammatical description originated by Michael Halliday.
See Syntax and Systemic functional grammar
Theoretical linguistics
Theoretical linguistics is a term in linguistics that, like the related term general linguistics, can be understood in different ways.
See Syntax and Theoretical linguistics
Transformational grammar
In linguistics, transformational grammar (TG) or transformational-generative grammar (TGG) is part of the theory of generative grammar, especially of natural languages.
See Syntax and Transformational grammar
Transitive verb
A transitive verb is a verb that entails one or more transitive objects, for example, 'enjoys' in Amadeus enjoys music.
See Syntax and Transitive verb
Tree structure
A tree structure, tree diagram, or tree model is a way of representing the hierarchical nature of a structure in a graphical form.
Tree-adjoining grammar
Tree-adjoining grammar (TAG) is a grammar formalism defined by Aravind Joshi.
See Syntax and Tree-adjoining grammar
Uninflected word
In linguistic morphology, an uninflected word is a word that has no morphological markers (inflection) such as affixes, ablaut, consonant gradation, etc., indicating declension or conjugation.
See Syntax and Uninflected word
Universal grammar
Universal grammar (UG), in modern linguistics, is the theory of the innate biological component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky. Syntax and Universal grammar are philosophy of language.
See Syntax and Universal grammar
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania, commonly referenced as Penn or UPenn, is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
See Syntax and University of Pennsylvania
Usage (language)
The usage of a language is the ways in which its written and spoken variations are routinely employed by its speakers; that is, it refers to "the collective habits of a language's native speakers", as opposed to idealized models of how a language works (or should work) in the abstract. Syntax and usage (language) are grammar.
See Syntax and Usage (language)
V2 word order
In syntax, verb-second (V2) word order is a sentence structure in which the finite verb of a sentence or a clause is placed in the clause's second position, so that the verb is preceded by a single word or group of words (a single constituent).
Valency (linguistics)
In linguistics, valency or valence is the number and type of arguments and complements controlled by a predicate, content verbs being typical predicates.
See Syntax and Valency (linguistics)
Verb
A verb is a word (part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand).
See Syntax and Verb
Verb phrase
In linguistics, a verb phrase (VP) is a syntactic unit composed of a verb and its arguments except the subject of an independent clause or coordinate clause.
Verb–object–subject word order
In linguistic typology, a verb–object–subject or verb–object–agent language, which is commonly abbreviated VOS or VOA, is one in which most sentences arrange their elements in that order.
See Syntax and Verb–object–subject word order
Verb–subject–object word order
In linguistic typology, a verb–subject–object (VSO) language has its most typical sentences arrange their elements in that order, as in Ate Sam oranges (Sam ate oranges).
See Syntax and Verb–subject–object word order
Voice (grammar)
In grammar, the voice (aka diathesis) of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice. Syntax and voice (grammar) are grammar.
See Syntax and Voice (grammar)
Word Grammar
Word Grammar is a theory of linguistics, developed by Richard Hudson since the 1980s.
Word order
In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language.
X-bar theory
In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970Chomsky, Noam (1970). Syntax and x-bar theory are grammar and linguistics terminology.
Zellig Harris
Zellig Sabbettai Harris (October 23, 1909 – May 22, 1992) was an influential American linguist, mathematical syntactician, and methodologist of science.
See also
Branches of linguistics
- Anthropological linguistics
- Applied linguistics
- Biolinguistics
- Cognitive linguistics
- Computational linguistics
- Corpus linguistics
- Ecolinguistics
- Forensic linguistics
- Geolinguistics
- Historical linguistics
- Language geography
- Lexicology
- Linguistic morphology
- Linguistic typology
- Metalinguistics
- Neurolinguistics
- Philosophy of language
- Phonetics
- Phonology
- Phraseology
- Pragmatics
- Psycholinguistics
- Quantitative linguistics
- Semantics
- Semiotics
- Sociolinguistics
- Syntax
References
Also known as Combinational rule, English language syntax, Grammar theory, Grammatical theory, History of syntactic theory, History of syntax, Linguistic syntax, Object and Subject, Sentence structure, Subject and object, Syntacks, Syntactic, Syntactic Hierarchy, Syntactic saturation, Syntactic structure, Syntactical, Syntactically, Syntactician, Syntactis, Syntax (linguistics), Syntax hierarchy, Syntaxic, Theoretical syntax, Theories of syntax.