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130 relations: Abfraction, Abrasion (dental), Acid erosion, Alkaline phosphatase, Amalgam (dentistry), AMBN, Ameloblast, Amelogenesis, Amelogenesis imperfecta, Amelogenin, Amorphous calcium phosphate, Attrition (dental), Bacteria, BCL9, Bone, Brittleness, Bruxism, Calcium phosphate, Candy, Carbohydrate, Cell (biology), Cementoenamel junction, Cementum, Coeliac disease, Coffee, Collagen, Composite material, Crown (dentistry), Crown (tooth), Crystal, Cusp (anatomy), Dental composite, Dental explorer, Dental floss, Dental fluorosis, Dental lamina, Dental papilla, Dental plaque, Dental restoration, Dental sealant, Dentin, Dentistry, Dessert, Dominance (genetics), Drinking water, ENAM, Enamel hypoplasia, Enamel organ, Enamel rod, Enamel tufts, ..., Enameloid, Encephalopathy, Endodontic therapy, Endoplasmic reticulum, Exoskeleton, Fermentation, Fish scale, Fluorapatite, Fluoride therapy, Fracture, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Glass, Gluten, Gnarled enamel, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Histology, Horse teeth, Human physical appearance, Human tooth development, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrogen peroxide - urea, Hydroxylapatite, Incisor, Infant, Interrod enamel, Ivory, James Nasmyth, Journal of Dental Research, Juice, Keratin, Lactic acid, Micrometre, Mohs scale of mineral hardness, Mouthwash, Nacre, Neonatal line, Newton (unit), Occlusion (dentistry), Perikyma, Periodontal fiber, Porphyria, Porphyrin, Pregnancy, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Protein, Pulp (tooth), PYGO2, Radiodensity, Redox, Remineralisation of teeth, Rod sheath, Rodent, Scientist, Sex linkage, Shark, Soft drink, Streptococcus mutans, Stress (mechanics), Striae of Retzius, Sucrose, Tea, Tetracycline, Tobacco, Tomes' process, Tooth, Tooth decay, Tooth eruption, Tooth whitening, Toothbrush, Toothpaste, Transparency and translucency, Tuftelin, United Kingdom, University of Bristol, University of Leeds, University of Southern California, Veneer (dentistry), Water fluoridation, Wnt signaling pathway, Young's modulus. Expand index (80 more) »
Abfraction
Abfraction is a theoretical concept explaining a loss of tooth structure not caused by tooth decay (non-carious cervical lesions).
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Abrasion (dental)
Abrasion is the non carious, mechanical wears of tooth from interaction with objects other than tooth-tooth contact.
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Acid erosion
Acid erosion, also known as dental erosion, is a type of tooth wear.
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Alkaline phosphatase
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, ALKP, ALPase, Alk Phos) or basic phosphatase is a homodimeric protein enzyme of 86 kilodaltons.
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Amalgam (dentistry)
Dental amalgam is a liquid mercury and metal alloy mixture used in dentistry to fill cavities caused by tooth decay.
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AMBN
Ameloblastin (enamel matrix protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMBN gene.
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Ameloblast
Ameloblasts are cells present only during tooth development that deposit tooth enamel, which is the hard outermost layer of the tooth forming the surface of the crown.
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Amelogenesis
Amelogenesis is the formation of enamel on teeth and begins when the crown is forming during the advanced bell stage of tooth development after dentinogenesis, forms a first layer of dentine.
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Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a congenital disorder that presents with a rare abnormal formation of the enamel or external layer of the crown of teeth, unrelated to any systemic or generalized conditions.
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Amelogenin
Amelogenin is the name for a series of closely related proteins involved in amelogenesis, the development of enamel.
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Amorphous calcium phosphate
Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP or ATCP) is a glassy precipitate of variable composition that is formed in double decomposition reactions involving a soluble phosphate and calcium salts (e.g. (NH4)2HPO4 + Ca(NO3)2) performed under carefully controlled pH conditions.
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Attrition (dental)
Dental attrition is a type of tooth wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact, resulting in loss of tooth tissue, usually starting at the incisal or occlusal surfaces.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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BCL9
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCL9 gene.
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Bone
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
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Brittleness
# A material is brittle if, when subjected to stress, it breaks without significant plastic deformation.
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Bruxism
Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching.
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Calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphate is a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions.
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Candy
Candy, also called sweets or lollies, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient.
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Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Cementoenamel junction
The cementoenamel junction, frequently abbreviated as the CEJ, is a slightly visible anatomical border identified on a tooth.
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Cementum
Cementum is a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth.
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Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease, also spelled celiac disease, is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small intestine.
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Coffee
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant.
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Collagen
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.
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Composite material
A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name) is a material made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties that, when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components.
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Crown (dentistry)
A crown, sometimes known as dental cap, is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant.
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Crown (tooth)
In dentistry, crown refers to the anatomical area of teeth, usually covered by enamel.
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Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
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Cusp (anatomy)
A cusp is a pointed, projecting, or elevated feature.
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Dental composite
Dental composite resins (better referred to as "resin-based composites" or simply "filled resins") are types of synthetic resins which are used in dentistry as restorative material or adhesives.
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Dental explorer
A No. 23 explorer, also known as a 'sickle probe' A dental explorer or sickle probe is an instrument in dentistry commonly used in the dental armamentarium.
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Dental floss
Dental floss is a cord of thin filaments used to remove food and dental plaque from between teeth in areas a toothbrush is unable to reach.
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Dental fluorosis
Dental fluorosis (also termed mottled enamel) is an extremely common disorder, characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation.
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Dental lamina
The dental lamina is a band of epithelial tissue seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth.
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Dental papilla
In embryology and prenatal development, the dental papilla is a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called odontoblasts, seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth.
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Dental plaque
Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth.
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Dental restoration
A dental restoration or dental filling is a treatment to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure resulting from caries or external trauma as well as to the replacement of such structure supported by dental implants.
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Dental sealant
Dental sealants (also termed pit and fissure sealants, or simply fissure sealants) are a dental treatment intended to prevent tooth decay.
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Dentin
Dentin (American English) or dentine (British English) (substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth.
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Dentistry
Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.
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Dessert
Dessert is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal.
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Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.
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Drinking water
Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation.
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ENAM
Enamelin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ENAM gene.
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Enamel hypoplasia
Enamel hypoplasia is a defect of the teeth in which the enamel is hard but thin and deficient in amount, caused by defective enamel matrix formation.
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Enamel organ
The enamel organ, also known as dental organ, is a cellular aggregation seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth.
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Enamel rod
An enamel rod is the basic unit of tooth enamel.
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Enamel tufts
Enamel tufts are hypomineralized ribbon-like structures that run longitudinally to the tooth axis and extend from the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) one fifth to a third into the enamel.
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Enameloid
Enameloid is an enamel-like structure found, for instance, in the scales of many fossil fish.
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Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy (from ἐγκέφαλος "brain" + πάθος "suffering") means any disorder or disease of the brain, especially chronic degenerative conditions.
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Endodontic therapy
Endodontic therapy, also known as endodontic treatment or root canal therapy, is a treatment sequence for the infected pulp of a tooth which results in the elimination of infection and the protection of the decontaminated tooth from future microbial invasion.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.
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Exoskeleton
An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω, éxō "outer" and σκελετός, skeletós "skeleton") is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human.
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Fermentation
Fermentation is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.
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Fish scale
The skin of most fishes is covered with scales, which, in many cases, are animal reflectors or produce animal coloration.
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Fluorapatite
Fluorapatite, often with the alternate spelling of fluoroapatite, is a phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3F (calcium fluorophosphate).
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Fluoride therapy
Fluoride therapy is the use of fluoride for medical purposes.
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Fracture
A fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux, is a long-term condition where stomach contents come back up into the esophagus resulting in either symptoms or complications.
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Glass
Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics.
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Gluten
Gluten (from Latin gluten, "glue") is a composite of storage proteins termed prolamins and glutelins and stored together with starch in the endosperm (which nourishes the embryonic plant during germination) of various cereal (grass) grains.
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Gnarled enamel
Gnarled enamel is a description of enamel seen in histologic sections of a tooth underneath a cusp.
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, is an alloimmune condition that develops in a peripartum fetus, when the IgG molecules (one of the five main types of antibodies) produced by the mother pass through the placenta.
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Histology
Histology, also microanatomy, is the study of the anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals using microscopy.
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Horse teeth
Horse teeth refers to the dentition of equine species, including horses and donkeys.
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Human physical appearance
Human physical appearance is the outward phenotype or look of human beings.
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Human tooth development
Tooth development or odontogenesis is the complex process by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth.
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Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
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Hydrogen peroxide - urea
Hydrogen peroxide - urea (also called Hyperol, artizone, urea hydrogen peroxide, and UHP) is a solid composed of equal amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea.
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Hydroxylapatite
Hydroxylapatite, also called hydroxyapatite (HA), is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH), but is usually written Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities.
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Incisor
Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals.
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Infant
An infant (from the Latin word infans, meaning "unable to speak" or "speechless") is the more formal or specialised synonym for "baby", the very young offspring of a human.
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Interrod enamel
Interrod enamel is histologically identified on microscopic views of tooth enamel.
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Ivory
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally elephants') and teeth of animals, that can be used in art or manufacturing.
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James Nasmyth
James Hall Nasmyth (sometimes spelled Naesmyth, Nasmith, or Nesmyth) (19 August 1808 – 7 May 1890) was a Scottish engineer, philosopher, artist and inventor famous for his development of the steam hammer.
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Journal of Dental Research
The Journal of Dental Research is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers all aspects of dentistry.
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Juice
Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables.
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Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins.
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Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
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Micrometre
The micrometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is an SI derived unit of length equaling (SI standard prefix "micro-".
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Mohs scale of mineral hardness
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale characterizing scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.
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Mouthwash
Mouthwash, mouth rinse, oral rinse, or mouth bath is a liquid which is held in the mouth passively or swilled around the mouth by contraction of the perioral muscles and/or movement of the head, and may be gargled, where the head is tilted back and the liquid bubbled at the back of the mouth.
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Nacre
Nacre (also), also known as mother of pearl, is an organic-inorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer; it also makes up the outer coating of pearls.
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Neonatal line
The neonatal line is a particular band of incremental growth lines seen in histologic sections of both enamel and dentine of primary and permanent teeth.
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Newton (unit)
The newton (symbol: N) is the International System of Units (SI) derived unit of force.
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Occlusion (dentistry)
Occlusion, in a dental context, means simply the contact between teeth.
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Perikyma
Perikymata (Greek plural of περικύμα, perikyma) are incremental growth lines that appear on the surface of tooth enamel as a series of linear grooves.
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Periodontal fiber
The periodontal ligament, commonly abbreviated as the PDL, is a group of specialized connective tissue fibers that essentially attach a tooth to the alveolar bone within which it sits.
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Porphyria
Porphyria is a group of diseases in which substances called porphyrins build up, negatively affecting the skin or nervous system.
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Porphyrin
Porphyrins (/phɔɹfɚɪn/ ''POUR-fer-in'') are a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Pulp (tooth)
The pulp, or endodontium, is the part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts.
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PYGO2
Pygopus homolog 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PYGO2 gene.
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Radiodensity
Radiodensity (or radiopacity) is opacity to the radio wave and X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum: that is, the relative inability of those kinds of electromagnetic radiation to pass through a particular material.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Remineralisation of teeth
Tooth remineralisation is a naturally occurring process in the oral cavity.
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Rod sheath
Rod sheath is an area identified in histologic sections of a tooth.
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Rodent
Rodents (from Latin rodere, "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.
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Scientist
A scientist is a person engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge that describes and predicts the natural world.
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Sex linkage
Sex linkage is the phenotypic expression of an allele related to the allosome (sex chromosome) of the individual.
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Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.
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Soft drink
A soft drink (see terminology for other names) typically contains carbonated water (although some lemonades are not carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural or artificial flavoring.
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Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.
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Stress (mechanics)
In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material.
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Striae of Retzius
The striae of Retzius are incremental growth lines or bands seen in tooth enamel.
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Sucrose
Sucrose is common table sugar.
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Tea
Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.
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Tetracycline
Tetracycline, sold under the brand name Sumycin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of infections.
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Tobacco
Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.
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Tomes' process
Tomes' processes are a histologic landmark identified on an ameloblast, cells involved in the production of tooth enamel.
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Tooth
A tooth (plural teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.
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Tooth decay
Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.
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Tooth eruption
Tooth eruption is a process in tooth development in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible.
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Tooth whitening
Tooth whitening (termed tooth bleaching when utilising bleach), is either the restoration of a natural tooth shade or whitening beyond the natural shade.
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Toothbrush
The toothbrush is an oral hygiene instrument used to clean the teeth, gums, and tongue.
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Toothpaste
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush as an accessory to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth.
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Transparency and translucency
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without being scattered.
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Tuftelin
Tuftelin is an acidic phosphorylated glycoprotein found in tooth enamel.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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University of Bristol
The University of Bristol (simply referred to as Bristol University and abbreviated as Bris. in post-nominal letters, or UoB) is a red brick research university located in Bristol, United Kingdom.
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University of Leeds
The University of Leeds is a Russell Group university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
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University of Southern California
The University of Southern California (USC or SC) is a private research university in Los Angeles, California.
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Veneer (dentistry)
In dentistry, a veneer is a layer of material placed over a tooth, veneers improve the aesthetics of a smile and/or protect the tooth's surface from damage.
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Water fluoridation
Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay.
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Wnt signaling pathway
The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors.
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Young's modulus
Young's modulus, also known as the elastic modulus, is a measure of the stiffness of a solid material.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_enamel
