Zimbabwe and Zimbabwean general election, 2013

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Difference between Zimbabwe and Zimbabwean general election, 2013

Zimbabwe vs. Zimbabwean general election, 2013

Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. Since the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then government and from which it withdrew from in December 2003. It is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the "Jewel of Africa" for its prosperity. Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War era, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries. Contemporary African political leaders were reluctant to criticise Mugabe, who was burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu called him "a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator". The country has been in economic decline since the 1990s, experiencing several crashes and hyperinflation along the way. On 15 November 2017, in the wake of over a year of protests against his government as well as Zimbabwe's rapidly declining economy, Mugabe was placed under house arrest by the country's national army in a coup d'état. On 19 November 2017, ZANU-PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. On 21 November 2017, Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings being completed. General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 31 July 2013.

African Union

The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent, extending slightly into Asia via the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.

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Constitution of Zimbabwe

The Constitution of Zimbabwe is officially the supreme law of Zimbabwe.

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Emmerson Mnangagwa

Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa (US:; born 15 September 1942) is a Zimbabwean politician serving as the third and current President of Zimbabwe since 24 November 2017.

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House of Assembly (Zimbabwe)

The House of Assembly of Zimbabwe is the lower chamber of Zimbabwe's bicameral Parliament.

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Jonathan Moyo

Jonathan Nathaniel Moyo (born 12 January 1957) is a Zimbabwean politician who served in the government of Zimbabwe as Minister of Higher Education from 2015 to 2017.

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Morgan Tsvangirai

Morgan Richard Tsvangirai (10 March 1952 – 14 February 2018) was a Zimbabwean politician who was Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 2009 to 2013.

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Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube

The Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube (MDC–N) is a Zimbabwean political party led by politician and attorney Welshman Ncube.

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Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai

The Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC–T) is a political party and currently the main opposition party in the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe ahead of the 2018 elections.

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Patrick Chinamasa

Patrick Antony Chinamasa (born 25 January 1947) is a Zimbabwean politician who serves in the government of Zimbabwe as Minister of Finance and Economic Planning since November 2017.

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Robert Mugabe

Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born 21 February 1924) is a former Zimbabwean politician and revolutionary who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017.

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Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, normally referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a senior, high-ranking official within the Government of the United Kingdom and head of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

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Southern African Development Community

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an inter-governmental organization headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana.

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Welshman Ncube

Welshman Ncube (born 7 July 1961) is a Zimbabwean lawyer, businessman and politician.

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ZANU–PF

The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) has been the ruling party in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980.

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Zimbabwe African People's Union

The Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) is a Zimbabwean political party.

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Zimbabwean constitutional referendum, 2013

A constitutional referendum was held in Zimbabwe on 16 and 17 March 2013, AllAfrica, 13 March 2013 after being postponed from September 2011 and from 30 June 2011.

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