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Adrenal cortex

Index Adrenal cortex

Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, such as aldosterone and cortisol, respectively. [1]

154 relations: Absent adrenal gland, ACE inhibitor, ACTH receptor, ADAMTS4, Addison's disease, Adrenal cortex, Adrenal gland, Adrenal gland disorder, Adrenal insufficiency, Adrenal medulla, Adrenal steroid, Adrenal tumor, Adrenaline, Adrenarche, Adrenocortical adenoma, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Adrenocortical hormone, Adrenocortical hyperfunction, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Adrenoleukodystrophy, Adrenosterone, Aldosterone, Aldosterone synthase, Androgen, Androstenediol, Angiotensin, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Anterior pituitary, Atrial natriuretic peptide, Blood pressure, Blood sugar regulation, Brain natriuretic peptide, Broda Otto Barnes, Calcium channel blocker, Canine brain tumors, Canine parvovirus, Cardiac physiology, CCDC130, CCDC82, Central serous retinopathy, CGMP-dependent protein kinase, Choh Hao Li, Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, Cortex, Cortex (anatomy), Corticosteroid, Corticosterone, Cortisol, Cortisone, ..., Cushing's syndrome, CYP17A1, Cytochrome P450, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Dense irregular connective tissue, Development of the endocrine system, Eating disorder, Eglumegad, Empty sella syndrome, Endocrine gland, Epigenetics of depression, Estradiol, Estrogen-related receptor alpha, Etiocholanolone, Evelyn M. Anderson, Feline hyperaldosteronism, Francis M. Pottenger Jr., G protein, Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, Glucocorticoid, Glucocorticoid deficiency 1, Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism, Glutamic acid, Glycerol kinase deficiency, GRID2, H295R, Hans Selye, Head and neck anatomy, High-density lipoprotein, HINT2, Histology of the vocal folds, Homeostasis, Hyperandrogenism, Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, ICD-10 Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Inborn errors of steroid metabolism, Index of oncology articles, Insulin tolerance test, Iodocholesterol, Kenneth Callow, Kisspeptin, L-type calcium channel, LDL receptor, Lennox Broster, List of human endocrine organs and actions, List of human hormones, List of incurable diseases, List of Jewish Nobel laureates, List of MeSH codes (A06), List of MeSH codes (D06), List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine, Manipura, Memory improvement, Metabotropic glutamate receptor, Metomidate, Mineralocorticoid, Mitotane, Myelolipoma, Negative feedback, Nerve growth factor, NNT (gene), Olfactory ensheathing glia, Osmoreceptor, Peptide hormone, Philip Edward Smith, Philip Showalter Hench, Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, Positron emission tomography, Progestin-induced virilization, Proopiomelanocortin, Puberty, Purkinje cell, Rage (emotion), Releasing and inhibiting hormones, Renin–angiotensin system, Repressed memory, Reticular (disambiguation), Secondary hypertension, Social stress, Sound annoyance, Spironolactone, Spongiocyte, Steroid, Steroid Delta-isomerase, Steroid hormone, Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, Steroidogenic enzyme, Steroidogenic factor 1, Stress in early childhood, Stressor, Subgranular zone, Sympathoadrenal system, Thirst, Trophic hormone, Tropic hormone, Zona fasciculata, Zona glomerulosa, Zona reticularis, 11-Ketoprogesterone, 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency, 21-Hydroxylase. Expand index (104 more) »

Absent adrenal gland

Absent adrenal gland is a rare condition where the adrenal gland is absent at birth.

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ACE inhibitor

An angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension (elevated blood pressure) and congestive heart failure.

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ACTH receptor

The adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor or ACTH receptor also known as the melanocortin receptor 2 or MC2 receptor is a type of melanocortin receptor (type 2) which is specific for ACTH.

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ADAMTS4

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAMTS4 gene.

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Addison's disease

Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism, is a long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones.

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Adrenal cortex

Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, such as aldosterone and cortisol, respectively.

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Adrenal gland

The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.

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Adrenal gland disorder

Adrenal gland disorders (or diseases) are conditions that interfere with the normal functioning of the adrenal glands.

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Adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol; but may also include impaired production of aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), which regulates sodium conservation, potassium secretion, and water retention.

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Adrenal medulla

The adrenal medulla (medulla glandulae suprarenalis) is part of the adrenal gland.

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Adrenal steroid

Adrenal steroids are steroids that are derived from the adrenal glands.

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Adrenal tumor

An adrenal tumor or adrenal mass is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, several of which are notable for their tendency to overproduce endocrine hormones.

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Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.

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Adrenarche

Adrenarche is an early sexual maturation stage in some higher primates that in humans typically occurs at around 10-12 years of age and is responsible for pubic hair, body odor, skin oiliness, and acne.

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Adrenocortical adenoma

A adrenocortical adenoma (or adrenal cortical adenoma, or sometimes simply adrenal adenoma) is a benign tumor of the adrenal cortex.

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Adrenocortical carcinoma

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC, adrenal cortical carcinoma, adrenal cortical cancer, adrenal cortex cancer, etc.) is an aggressive cancer originating in the cortex (steroid hormone-producing tissue) of the adrenal gland.

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Adrenocortical hormone

In humans and other animals, the adrenocortical hormones are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, the outer region of the adrenal gland.

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Adrenocortical hyperfunction

Adrenocortical hyperfunction is a condition where there is an overexpression of products of the adrenal cortex.

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Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

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Adrenoleukodystrophy

Adrenoleukodystrophy is a disease linked to the X chromosome.

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Adrenosterone

Adrenosterone, also known as Reichstein's substance G, as well as 11-ketoandrostenedione (11-KA4), 11-oxoandrostenedione (11-OXO), and androst-4-ene-3,11,17-trione, is a steroid hormone with a weak androgenic effect, and an intermediate/prohormone of 11-ketotestosterone.

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Aldosterone

Aldosterone, the main mineralocorticoid hormone, is a steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.

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Aldosterone synthase

Aldosterone synthase is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone.

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Androgen

An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone which regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.

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Androstenediol

Androstenediol, or 5-androstenediol (abbreviated as A5 or Δ5-diol), also known as androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol, is an endogenous weak androgen and estrogen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

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Angiotensin

Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body.

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Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses)

The differential diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN) includes various types of medical and psychological conditions, which may be misdiagnosed as AN.

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Anterior pituitary

A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior), is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis).

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Atrial natriuretic peptide

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a peptide hormone which reduces an expanded extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by increasing renal sodium excretion.

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Blood pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.

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Blood sugar regulation

Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, primarily glucose, are maintained by the body within a narrow range.

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Brain natriuretic peptide

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume.

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Broda Otto Barnes

Broda Otto Barnes (14 April 1906 – 1 November 1988) was an American physician who studied endocrine dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism.

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Calcium channel blocker

Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists are several medications that disrupt the movement of calcium through calcium channels.

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Canine brain tumors

Cancer of the nervous system is common in domestic canids, and includes primary neoplasia of the peripheral nervous system, primary neoplasia of the central nervous system and various metastatic cancers.

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Canine parvovirus

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2, colloquially parvo) is a contagious virus mainly affecting dogs, and thought to originate in cats.

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Cardiac physiology

Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.

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CCDC130

Coiled-coil domain containing 130 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC130 gene.

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CCDC82

Coiled-Coil Domain Containing protein 82 (CCDC82) is a protein that in humans, is encoded for by the gene of the same name, CCDC82.

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Central serous retinopathy

Central serous retinopathy (CSR), also known as central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC or CSCR), is an eye disease which causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye.

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CGMP-dependent protein kinase

cGMP-dependent protein kinase or Protein Kinase G (PKG) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is activated by cGMP.

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Choh Hao Li

Choh Hao Li (sometimes Cho Hao Li) (pinyin: Lǐ Zhuōhào) (April 21, 1913 – November 28, 1987) was a Chinese-born U.S. biochemist who discovered, in 1966, that human pituitary growth hormone (somatotropin) consists of a chain of 256 amino acids.

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Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a pelvic pain condition in men, and should be distinguished from other forms of prostatitis such as chronic bacterial prostatitis and acute bacterial prostatitis.

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Cortex

Cortex or cortical may refer to.

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Cortex (anatomy)

In anatomy and zoology, the cortex (Latin for bark, rind, shell or husk) is the outermost (or superficial) layer of an organ.

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Corticosteroid

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.

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Corticosterone

Corticosterone, also known as 17-deoxycortisol and 11β,21-dihydroxyprogesterone, is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.

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Cortisol

Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones.

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Cortisone

Cortisone, also known as 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, is a pregnane (21-carbon) steroid hormone.

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Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to cortisol.

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CYP17A1

Cytochrome P450 17A1, also called steroid 17α-monooxygenase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, or 17,20-desmolase, is an enzyme of the hydroxylase type that in humans is encoded by the CYP17A1 gene on chromosome 10.

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Cytochrome P450

Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.

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Dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone.

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Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as DHEA sulfate or DHEA-S, also known as androstenolone sulfate, is an endogenous androstane steroid that is produced by the adrenal cortex.

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Dense irregular connective tissue

Dense irregular connective tissue has fibers that are not arranged in parallel bundles as in dense regular connective tissue.

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Development of the endocrine system

The fetal endocrine system is one of the first systems to develop during prenatal development.

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Eating disorder

An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating habits that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health.

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Eglumegad

Eglumegad (LY354740) is a research drug developed by Eli Lilly and Company, which is being investigated for its potential in the treatment of anxiety and drug addiction.

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Empty sella syndrome

Empty sella syndrome (abbreviated ESS) is where the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, filling the sella turcica with cerebrospinal fluid on imaging instead of the normal pituitary.

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Endocrine gland

Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct.

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Epigenetics of depression

Major depressive disorder is heavily influenced by environmental and genetic factors.

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Estradiol

Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.

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Estrogen-related receptor alpha

Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), also known as NR3B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group B, member 1), is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ESRRA (Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha) gene.

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Etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone, also known as 5β-androsterone, as well as 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one or etiocholan-3α-ol-17-one, is an etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid as well as an endogenous 17-ketosteroid that is produced from the metabolism of testosterone.

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Evelyn M. Anderson

Evelyn M. Anderson (March 20, 1899 – June 8, 1985) was an American physiologist and biochemist, most known for her co-discovery of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (adreno-cortical thyroid hormone or ACTH) in 1934.

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Feline hyperaldosteronism

Feline hyperaldosteronism is a disease in cats.

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Francis M. Pottenger Jr.

Francis M. Pottenger Jr. (1901–1967) was the son of Francis M. Pottenger Sr., the physician who co-founded the Pottenger Sanatorium for treatment of tuberculosis in Monrovia, California.

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G protein

G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.

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Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor

The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), now properly known as BB2 is a G protein-coupled receptor whose endogenous ligand is gastrin releasing peptide.

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Glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones.

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Glucocorticoid deficiency 1

Glucocorticoid deficiency 1 (FGD or GCCD) is an adrenocortical failure characterized by low levels of plasma cortisol produced by the adrenal gland despite high levels of plasma ACTH.

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Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism

Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism (GRA), also describable as aldosterone synthase hyperactivity, is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the increase in aldosterone secretion produced by ACTH is no longer transient.

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Glutamic acid

Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.

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Glycerol kinase deficiency

Glycerol Kinase Deficiency (GKD) is an X-linked recessive enzyme defect that is heterozygous in nature.

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GRID2

Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2, also known as GluD2, GluRδ2, or δ2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRID2 gene.

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H295R

H295R (also referred to as NCI-H295R) is an angiotensin-II-responsive steroid-producing adrenocortical cell line.

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Hans Selye

János Hugo Bruno "Hans" Selye (Selye János; January 26, 1907 – October 16, 1982), was a pioneering Hungarian-Canadian endocrinologist of Hungarian origin.

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Head and neck anatomy

This article describes the anatomy of the head and neck of the human body, including the brain, bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, and throat.

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High-density lipoprotein

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the five major groups of lipoproteins.

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HINT2

Histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 2 (HINT2) is a mitochondrial protein that in humans is encoded by the HINT2 gene on chromosome 9.

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Histology of the vocal folds

Histology is the study of the minute structure, composition, and function of tissues.

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Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.

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Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism, also known as androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens (male sex hormones such as testosterone) in the female body and the associated effects of the elevated androgen levels.

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Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs

Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs, or, as it is known in people, Addison's disease, is an endocrine system disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce enough hormones for normal function.

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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the thalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys).

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ICD-10 Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

This is an overview about the chapter IV (also called chapter E) of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10).

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Inborn errors of steroid metabolism

An inborn error of steroid metabolism is an inborn error of metabolism due to defects in steroid metabolism.

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Index of oncology articles

This is a list of terms related to oncology.

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Insulin tolerance test

An insulin tolerance test (ITT) is a medical diagnostic procedure during which insulin is injected into a patient's vein, after which blood glucose is measured at regular intervals.

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Iodocholesterol

Iodocholesterol, or 19-iodocholesterol, also as iodocholesterol (131I) (INN), is a derivative of cholesterol with an iodine atom in the C19 position and a radiopharmaceutical.

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Kenneth Callow

Robert Kenneth Callow, FRS (15 February 1901 – 1983) was a British biochemist.

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Kisspeptin

Kisspeptin (formerly known as metastin) is a protein that is encoded by the KISS1 gene in humans.

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L-type calcium channel

The L-type calcium channel (also known as the dihydropyridine channel, or DHP channel) is part of the high-voltage activated family of voltage-dependent calcium channel.

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LDL receptor

The Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor (LDL-R) is a mosaic protein of 839 amino acids (after removal of 21-amino acid signal peptide) that mediates the endocytosis of cholesterol-rich LDL.

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Lennox Broster

Lennox Ross Broster, OBE (1889 – 12 April 1965) was a South African-born surgeon who spent most of his career as a consultant at Charing Cross Hospital, London.

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List of human endocrine organs and actions

The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.

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List of human hormones

The following is a list of hormones found in Homo sapiens.

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List of incurable diseases

This is an incomplete list of incurable diseases.

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List of Jewish Nobel laureates

As of 2017, Nobel PrizesThe Nobel Prize is an annual, international prize first awarded in 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.

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List of MeSH codes (A06)

The following is a list of the "A" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (D06)

This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded annually by the Swedish Karolinska Institute to scientists and doctors in the various fields of physiology or medicine.

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Manipura

Manipura (मणिपूर, IAST:, "jewel city") is the third primary chakra according to Vedic tradition.

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Memory improvement

Memory improvement is the act of improving one's memory.

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Metabotropic glutamate receptor

The metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluRs, are a type of glutamate receptor that are active through an indirect metabotropic process.

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Metomidate

Metomidate is a non-barbiturate imidazole that was discovered by Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1965 and under the names (Hypnodil, Nokemyl) is sold as a sedative-hypnotic drug used in Europe to treat humans and for veterinary purposes.

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Mineralocorticoid

Mineralocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which in turn are a class of steroid hormones.

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Mitotane

Mitotane, sold under the brand name Lysodren, is a steroidogenesis inhibitor and cytostatic antineoplastic medication which is used in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome.

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Myelolipoma

Myelolipoma (myelo-, from the ancient greek μυελός, marrow; lipo, meaning of, or pertaining to, fat; -oma, meaning tumor or mass) is a benign tumor-like lesion composed of mature adipose (fat) tissue and haematopoietic (blood-forming) elements in various proportions.

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Negative feedback

Negative feedback (or balancing feedback) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.

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Nerve growth factor

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons.

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NNT (gene)

NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NNT gene on chromosome 5.

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Olfactory ensheathing glia

Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG), also known as olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) or olfactory ensheathing glial cells, are a type of macroglia (radial glia) found in the nervous system.

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Osmoreceptor

An osmoreceptor is a sensory receptor primarily found in the hypothalamus of most homeothermic organisms that detects changes in osmotic pressure.

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Peptide hormone

Peptide hormones or protein hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptides or proteins, respectively.

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Philip Edward Smith

Philip Edward Smith (January 1, 1884 – December 8, 1970) was an American endocrinologist who is best known for his work studying the pituitary gland.

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Philip Showalter Hench

Philip Showalter Hench (February 28, 1896 – March 30, 1965) was an American physician.

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Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), or equine Cushing's disease, is an endocrine disease affecting the pituitary gland of horses.

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Positron emission tomography

Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine functional imaging technique that is used to observe metabolic processes in the body as an aid to the diagnosis of disease.

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Progestin-induced virilization

Maternal use of androgens or high doses of certain weakly androgenic synthetic progestogens (progestins) structurally related to testosterone can masculinize (virilize) the external genitalia of a female fetus during susceptible times in pregnancy.

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Proopiomelanocortin

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor polypeptide with 241 amino acid residues.

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Puberty

Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.

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Purkinje cell

Purkinje cells, or Purkinje neurons, are a class of GABAergic neurons located in the cerebellum.

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Rage (emotion)

Rage (often called fury or frenzy) is a feeling of intense, violent, or growing anger.

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Releasing and inhibiting hormones

Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are hormones whose main purpose is to control the release of other hormones, either by stimulating or inhibiting their release.

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Renin–angiotensin system

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

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Repressed memory

Repressed memories are memories that have been unconsciously blocked due to the memory being associated with a high level of stress or trauma.

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Reticular (disambiguation)

Reticular describes a set of connective tissue, fibers, etc., in network form such as with cross-link bonds.

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Secondary hypertension

Secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension) is a type of hypertension which by definition is caused by an identifiable underlying primary cause.

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Social stress

Social stress is stress that stems from one's relationships with others and from the social environment in general.

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Sound annoyance

Sound annoyance is "a feeling of displeasure associated with any agent or condition that is believed to affect adversely an individual or a group".

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Spironolactone

Spironolactone, sold under the brand name Aldactone among others, is a medication that is primarily used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.

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Spongiocyte

In the human endocrine system, a spongiocyte is a cell in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex containing lipid droplets that show pronounced vacuolization.

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Steroid

A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

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Steroid Delta-isomerase

In enzymology, a steroid Δ5-isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, a 3-oxo-Δ5-steroid, and one product, a 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid.

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Steroid hormone

A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone.

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Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein

The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, commonly referred to as StAR (STARD1), is a transport protein that regulates cholesterol transfer within the mitochondria, which is the rate-limiting step in the production of steroid hormones.

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Steroidogenic enzyme

Steroidogenic enzymes, or steroid-metabolizing enzymes, are enzymes that are involved in steroidogenesis and steroid metabolism.

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Steroidogenic factor 1

The steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) protein is a transcription factor involved in sex determination by controlling activity of genes related to the reproductive glands or gonads and adrenal glands.

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Stress in early childhood

Early childhood is a critical period in a child’s life that includes ages from conception to five years old.

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Stressor

A stressor is a chemical or biological agent, environmental condition, external stimulus or an event that causes stress to an organism.

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Subgranular zone

The subgranular zone (SGZ) is a brain region in the hippocampus where adult neurogenesis occurs.

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Sympathoadrenal system

The sympathoadrenal system is a physiological connection between the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medulla and is crucial in an organism’s physiological response to outside stimuli.

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Thirst

Thirst is the craving for fluids, resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink.

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Trophic hormone

Trophic hormone is a hormone that has a growth effect, hyperplasia or hypertrophy, on the tissue it is stimulating.

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Tropic hormone

Tropic hormones are hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target.

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Zona fasciculata

The zona fasciculata constitutes the middle and also the widest zone of the adrenal cortex, sitting directly beneath the zona glomerulosa.

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Zona glomerulosa

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, lying directly beneath the renal capsule.

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Zona reticularis

The zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, lying deep to the zona fasciculata and superficial to the adrenal medulla.

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11-Ketoprogesterone

11-Ketoprogesterone (brand name Ketogestin; former developmental code names Bio 66, U-1258), or 11-oxoprogesterone, also known as pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, is a pregnane steroid related to cortisone (11-keto-17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone) that was formerly used in veterinary medicine in the treatment of bovine ketosis.

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17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD, HSD17B), also 17-ketosteroid reductases (17-KSR), are a group of alcohol oxidoreductases which catalyze the reduction of 17-ketosteroids and the dehydrogenation of 17β-hydroxysteroids in steroidogenesis and steroid metabolism.

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17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency is a rare disorder of sexual development, or intersex condition, affecting testosterone biosynthesis by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III (17β-HSD III), which can produce impaired virilization (historically termed male pseudohermaphroditism) of genetically male infants.

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21-Hydroxylase

Steroid 21-hydroxylase, also called steroid 21-monooxygenase, 21α-Hydroxylase, P450 21A2, and, less commonly 21β-Hydroxylase, is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that is involved with the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones aldosterone and cortisol.

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Adrenal cortex hormones, Adrenocortical, Cortical portion, Fascicular layer, Glomerular layer, Reticular layer, Suprarenal cortex.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortex

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