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194 relations: A Life for Hungary, Aftermath of World War II, Anarchism in France, Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930, Appeasement, Aristotelis Korakas, Armenians, Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz, Aster Revolution, Augustów, Austria-Hungary, Austrian Partition, Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia, Automotive industry in Poland, Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, Łachwa Ghetto, Baltische Landeswehr, Battle of Westerplatte, Bavarian Soviet Republic, Beetroot, Berta Lask, Bertha Braunthal, Biennio Rosso, Bremen Soviet Republic, British campaign in the Baltic (1918–19), Caliphate, Causes of the Polish–Soviet War, Céleste Albaret, Chicago race riot of 1919, Colonization attempts by Poland, Confessing Church, Coonagh, Limerick City, Czechoslovakia–Poland relations, David Kahane, Demilitarisation, Democratic Republic of Georgia, Die Gartenlaube, Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918), Emminger Reform, Estonian Red Riflemen, Estonian Sovereignty Declaration, Ethnographic Lithuania, Events preceding World War II in Europe, Female Red Guards of the Finnish Civil War, Ferdinand Foch, Ferdinand Udvardy, Finnish Civil War, First Republic of Armenia, Florian Znaniecki, Franco-Turkish War, ..., Franz Dahlem, Free City of Danzig, Freikorps in the Baltic, Georg Kenzian, Georgian–Armenian War, German Empire, German General Staff, Germany in the early modern period, Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941, Gesine Becker, Grand Duchy of Kraków, Great Depression, Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919), Greek genocide, Hanns Grewenig, Heinrich Schmitt, History of Austria, History of Budapest, History of Hungary, History of Kuwait, History of Pakistan, History of passive solar building design, History of Poland during World War I, History of the Balkans, History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Kurds, History of Transylvania, Holy Roman Empire, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungary in World War I, International relations (1919–1939), Irena Iłłakowicz, Italo Insolera, Józef Piłsudski, Jean Weidt, Johannes Müller (theologian), Josef Wenig, Katowice historic train station, Knud Kristensen, Kurds, Kurt Rosenfeld, Kuwait-Najd War, Latvian Riflemen, Latvian War of Independence, League of Nations, Legislative Sejm (Second Polish Republic), Lemko Republic, Leopold Saverio Vaccaro, List of international trips made by the President of the United States, List of micronations, List of military occupations, List of non-sovereign monarchs who lost their thrones in the 20th and 21st centuries, List of wars involving Haiti, Lithuanian auksinas, Lithuanian–Soviet War, Little Treaty of Versailles, Liudas Gira, Mangelwurzel, Margarethe von Reinken, Maria Backenecker, Marinebrigade Ehrhardt, Marion Newbigin, Mary of Teck, Michel Temer, Military districts of Poland, Modern history, Modern Man in Search of a Soul, Mordechai Anielewicz, Mostar, Nansen passport, Ottoman Caliphate, Ottoman casualties of World War I, Ottoman Empire, People's State of Bavaria, Perloja, Poland–Russia relations, Poland–Ukraine relations, Polish-Lithuanian identity, Polish–Lithuanian War, Polish–Soviet War, Post–World War I recession, Post–World War II economic expansion, Presidency of Calvin Coolidge, Presidency of Warren G. Harding, Presidency of Woodrow Wilson, Prussian Partition, Red Week (Netherlands), Regent, Republic of Central Lithuania, Republic of Poland Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Revolutionary wave, Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–20), Revolutions of 1917–1923, Rheda, Germany, Roaring Twenties, Roberta Gropper, Roma moderna, Rosa Aschenbrenner, Rosi Wolfstein, Saldutiškis, Samaria, Second Polish Republic, Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Posen, Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus (1918), Sheikhdom of Kuwait, Sochi conflict, Sporthotel Pontresina, Stefan Fejes, Suwałki Agreement, Territorial evolution of Poland, The Hobbit (film series), Three Emperors' Corner, Treaty of Kars, Treaty of Lausanne, Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919), Treaty of Trianon, Treaty of Versailles, Turkish courts-martial of 1919–1920, Turkish War of Independence, Turkish–Armenian War, Tverečius, U.S.–Austrian Peace Treaty (1921), United Baltic Duchy, United States elections, 1920, United States presidential election, 1920, United States presidential visits to Southern Europe, United States presidential visits to Western Europe, Vilnius University, Walery Roman, War resistance in the United States, Władysław Marian Jakowicki, Weimar culture, Westerplatte, Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939), World War I reparations, World War II, World War One (TV series), 1919 Polish coup attempt, 1919 Polish coup d'état attempt in Lithuania, 1919 revolution, 1919 Southampton mutiny, 1920 Summer Olympics, 1923 Kraków riot, 1940 Soviet ultimatum to Lithuania. Expand index (144 more) »
A Life for Hungary
Ein Leben für Ungarn (A Life for Hungary) are the memoirs of Nikolaus von Horthy (also known as Miklós Horthy), Regent of Hungary.
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Aftermath of World War II
The Aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of all great powers except for the Soviet Union and the United States, and the simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA).
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Anarchism in France
Anarchism in France can trace its roots to thinker Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who grew up during the Restoration and was the first self-described anarchist.
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Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930
The Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930 was a treaty of alliance between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the British-Mandate-controlled administration of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq.
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Appeasement
Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.
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Aristotelis Korakas
Aristotelis Korakas (Αριστοτέλης Κόρακας) was a Hellenic Army officer who rose to the rank of Lieutenant General.
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Armenians
Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.
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Assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz
Gabriel Narutowicz, the first president of Poland after regaining independence, was assassinated on 16 December 1922, five days after taking office.
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Aster Revolution
The Aster Revolution or Chrysanthemum Revolution (Őszirózsás forradalom) was a revolution in Hungary led by Count Mihály Károlyi in the aftermath of World War I which led to the foundation of the short-lived First Hungarian People's Republic.
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Augustów
Augustów (Polish:; Augustavas), formerly known in English as Augustovo or Augustowo," is a city in north-eastern Poland with 30,802 inhabitants (2011).
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Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.
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Austrian Partition
The Austrian Partition (zabór austriacki) comprise the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired by the Habsburg Monarchy during the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century.
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Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia
In the aftermath of the First World War, there was an Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia in which ethnic Slovenes and ethnic Germans (Austrians) fought for control of the linguistically mixed region between Styria and Carinthia.
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Automotive industry in Poland
The automobile industry in Poland makes up a sizeable part of the Polish economy, accounting for about 11% of Poland's industrial production.
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Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College
The Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, also popularly known as Tibbia College, is an institution under Government of Delhi, located at Karol Bagh in New Delhi, India.
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Łachwa Ghetto
Łachwa (or Lakhva) Ghetto was a World War II ghetto created by Nazi Germany on 1 April 1942 in the town of Łachwa in occupied eastern Poland (now Lakhva, Belarus), with the aim of persecution, terror and exploitation of the local Jews.
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Baltische Landeswehr
The Baltic Landwehr or Baltische Landeswehr ("Baltic Territorial Army") was the name of the unified armed forces of the Couronian and Livonian nobility from 7 December 1918 to 3 July 1919.
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Battle of Westerplatte
The Battle of Westerplatte was one of the first battles in the Invasion of Poland marking the start of the Second World War in Europe.
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Bavarian Soviet Republic
The Bavarian Soviet Republic (Bayerische Räterepublik)Hollander, Neil (2013) Elusive Dove: The Search for Peace During World War I. McFarland.
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Beetroot
The beetroot is the taproot portion of the beet plant, usually known in North America as the beet, also table beet, garden beet, red beet, or golden beet.
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Berta Lask
Berta Lask (17 November 1878 – 28 March 1967) was a German writer, playwright and journalist.
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Bertha Braunthal
Bertha Braunthal (1 February 1887 - 1968) was a communist politician in Germany from the party's creation in 1920 till her emigration to London in 1933.
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Biennio Rosso
The Biennio Rosso (English: "Red Biennium" or "Two Red Years") was a two-year period, between 1919 and 1920, of intense social conflict in Italy, following the First World War.
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Bremen Soviet Republic
The Bremen Soviet Republic was an unrecognised, short-lived state, existing for 25 days in 1919.
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British campaign in the Baltic (1918–19)
The British Campaign in the Baltic 1918–19 was a part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The codename of the Royal Navy campaign was "Operation Red Trek". The intervention played a key role in enabling the establishment of the independent states of Estonia and LatviaKinvig, Churchill's Crusade but failed to secure the control of Petrograd by White Russian forces, which was one of the main goals of the campaign.Kinvig, Churchill's Crusade, pp. 271–90.
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Caliphate
A caliphate (خِلافة) is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (خَليفة), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).
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Causes of the Polish–Soviet War
In the Polish–Soviet War of 1919-1921, Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine were in combat with the newly independent Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic.
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Céleste Albaret
Céleste Albaret (Gineste, 17 May 1891 – 25 April 1984) was a country girl who moved to Paris in 1913 when she married the taxi driver Odilon Albaret.
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Chicago race riot of 1919
The Chicago race riot of 1919 was a major racial conflict that began in Chicago, Illinois, on July 27, 1919, and ended on August 3.
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Colonization attempts by Poland
Poland never formally had any colonial territories, however over its history the acquisition of such territories was at times contemplated, but never attempted.
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Confessing Church
The Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche) was a movement within German Protestantism during Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to unify all Protestant churches into a single pro-Nazi Protestant Reich Church.
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Coonagh, Limerick City
Coonagh is an area, comprising the townlands of.
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Czechoslovakia–Poland relations
The Republic of Poland and Czechoslovakia established relations early in the interwar period, after both countries gained independence.
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David Kahane
David Kahane ('''דוד כהנא'''., Dawid Kahane.; Grzymałów, 15 March 1903 – 24 September 1998, Jerusalem), religious teacher, a doctor of philosophy, member of the Mizrachi party leadership in Lwów, Holocaust survivor, Chief rabbi of the Polish post-war army.
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Demilitarisation
Demilitarisation or demilitarization may mean the reduction of state armed forces.
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Democratic Republic of Georgia
The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა) existed from May 1918 to February 1921 and was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia. The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. Its established borders were with the Kuban People's Republic and the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus in the north, the Ottoman Empire and the First Republic of Armenia in the south, and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in the southeast. It had a total land area of roughly 107,600 km2 (by comparison, the total area of today's Georgia is 69,700 km2), and a population of 2.5 million. The republic's capital was Tbilisi, and its state language was Georgian. Proclaimed on May 26, 1918, on the break-up of the Transcaucasian Federation, it was led by the Georgian Social Democratic Party (also known as the Georgian Menshevik Party). Facing permanent internal and external problems, the young state was unable to withstand invasion by the Russian SFSR Red Armies, and collapsed between February and March 1921 to become a Soviet republic.
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Die Gartenlaube
Die Gartenlaube – Illustriertes Familienblatt (The Garden Arbor – Illustrated Family Journal) was the first successful mass-circulation German newspaper and a forerunner of all modern magazines.
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Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was briefly a client state of the German Empire.
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Emminger Reform
The Emminger Decree or Emminger Reform (Emminger Verordnung, Lex Emminger, or Emmingersche Justizreform; formally the Verordnung über Gerichtsverfassung und Strafrechtspflege) was an emergency decree in the democratic Weimar Republic by Justice Minister Erich Emminger (BVP) on 4 January 1924 that among other things abolished the jury as trier of fact and replaced it with a mixed system of judges and lay judges in Germany's judiciary which still exists today.
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Estonian Red Riflemen
Estonian Riflemen, Estonian Red Riflemen, Estonian Red Army, Estonian Red Guards (Eesti Kütiväed, Eesti Punased Kütid, Eestimaa Punaarmee, Eesti Punakaart) were military formations assembled starting 1917 in the Soviet Russia.
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Estonian Sovereignty Declaration
The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration (suveräänsusdeklaratsioon), fully: Declaration on the Sovereignty of the Estonian SSR (Deklaratsioon Eesti NSV suveräänsusest), was issued on November 16, 1988 during the Singing Revolution in Estonia.
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Ethnographic Lithuania
Ethnographic Lithuania was an early 20th-century concept that define Lithuanian territories as a significant part of the territories that belonged to Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Lithuanians as all people living on them, regardless of whether those people spoke the Lithuanian language and considered themselves Lithuanian.
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Events preceding World War II in Europe
The events preceding World War II in Europe are closely tied to the rise of fascism, especially in Nazi Germany.
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Female Red Guards of the Finnish Civil War
All-female units of the paramilitary Red Guards served in the 1918 Finnish Civil War.
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Ferdinand Foch
Marshal Ferdinand Jean Marie Foch (2 October 1851 – 20 March 1929) was a French general and military theorist who served as the Supreme Allied Commander during the First World War.
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Ferdinand Udvardy
Stabsfeldwebel Ferdinand Udvardy was a Hungarian conscript into the military of the Austro-Hungarian Empire who became a flying ace credited with nine aerial victories.
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Finnish Civil War
The Finnish Civil War was a conflict for the leadership and control of Finland during the country's transition from a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state.
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First Republic of Armenia
The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia (classical Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն), was the first modern Armenian state since the loss of Armenian statehood in the Middle Ages.
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Florian Znaniecki
Florian Witold Znaniecki (15 January 1882 – 23 March 1958) was a Polish philosopher and sociologist who taught and wrote in Poland and in the United States.
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Franco-Turkish War
The Franco-Turkish War, known as the Cilicia Campaign (La campagne de Cilicie) in France and as the Southern Front (Güney Cephesi) of the Turkish War of Independence in Turkey, was a series of conflicts fought between France (the French Colonial Forces and the French Armenian Legion) and the Turkish National Forces (led by the Turkish provisional government after April 1920) from December 1918 to October 1921 in the aftermath of World War I. French interest in the region resulted from the Sykes-Picot Agreement and returning Armenian refugees of the Armenian Genocide back to their homes. Along with the other Allied powers, the French abandoned interest in Armenian population in favor of supporting Turkey as a buffer state from Bolshevik expansionism.
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Franz Dahlem
Franz Dahlem (14 January 1892 – 17 December 1981) was a leading official of the German Communist Party and, after 1945, of East Germany's ruling Socialist Unity Party (''Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands'' / SED).
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Free City of Danzig
The Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig; Wolne Miasto Gdańsk) was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and nearly 200 towns and villages in the surrounding areas.
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Freikorps in the Baltic
After 1918, the term Freikorps was used for the anti-communist paramilitary organizations that sprang up around the German Empire, including in the Baltic states, as soldiers returned in defeat from World War I. It was one of the many Weimar paramilitary groups active during that time.
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Georg Kenzian
Oberleutnant Georg Kenzian Edler von Kenzianshausen followed his father's profession of arms, and served the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I. He became a fighter ace, scoring eight aerial victories.
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Georgian–Armenian War
The Georgian–Armenian War was a short border dispute fought in December 1918 between the newly-independent Democratic Republic of Georgia and the First Republic of Armenia, largely over the control of former districts of Tiflis Governorate, in Borchaly (Lori) and Akhalkalaki.
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German Empire
The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.
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German General Staff
The German General Staff, originally the Prussian General Staff and officially Great General Staff (Großer Generalstab), was a full-time body at the head of the Prussian Army and later, the German Army, responsible for the continuous study of all aspects of war, and for drawing up and reviewing plans for mobilization or campaign.
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Germany in the early modern period
The German-speaking states in the early modern period (1500–1800) were divided politically and religiously.
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Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941
German–Soviet Union relations date to the aftermath of the First World War.
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Gesine Becker
Gesine Becker (born Gesine Bolte: 16 April 1888 - 9 December 1968) was a left wing German activist and politician.
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Grand Duchy of Kraków
The Grand Duchy of Kraków (Großherzogtum Krakau, Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie) was created after the incorporation of the Free City of Cracow into Austria on 16 November 1846.
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Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.
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Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
The Greater Poland uprising of 1918–1919, or Wielkopolska uprising of 1918–1919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918–19 roku; Großpolnischer Aufstand) or Posnanian War was a military insurrection of Poles in the Greater Poland region (German: Grand Duchy of Poznań or Provinz Posen) against German rule.
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Greek genocide
The Greek genocide, including the Pontic genocide, was the systematic genocide of the Christian Ottoman Greek population carried out in its historic homeland in Anatolia during World War I and its aftermath (1914–1922).
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Hanns Grewenig
Hanns Grewenig (30 September 1891 - 6 April 1961) was a German engineer who pursued a successful career in the German Automobile Industry.
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Heinrich Schmitt
Heinrich Schmitt (6 October 1895 – 13 August 1951) was a German politician.
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History of Austria
The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state.
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History of Budapest
The city of Budapest was officially created on 17 November 1873 by the merging of the neighboring cities of Pest, Buda and Óbuda, with smaller outskirt towns amalgamated into Greater Budapest in 1950.
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History of Hungary
Hungary is a country in Central Europe whose history under this name dates to the Early Middle Ages, when the Pannonian Basin was conquered by the Hungarians (Magyars), a semi-nomadic people who had migrated from Eastern Europe.
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History of Kuwait
Kuwait is a country in the Persian Gulf.
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History of Pakistan
The history of Pakistan encompasses the history of the region constituting modern-day Pakistan.
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History of passive solar building design
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History of Poland during World War I
While Poland did not exist as an independent state during World War I, its geographical position between the fighting powers meant that much fighting and terrific human and material losses occurred on the Polish lands between 1914 and 1918.
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History of the Balkans
The Balkans is an area situated in Southeastern and Eastern Europe.
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History of the Jews in Poland
The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years.
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History of the Kurds
The Kurds (Kurdish: کورد, Kurd), also the Kurdish people (Kurdish: گەلی کورد, Gelê Kurd), are a Northwestern Iranic ethnic group in the Middle East.
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History of Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Hungarian Soviet Republic
The Hungarian Soviet Republic or literally Republic of Councils in Hungary (Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság or Magyarországi Szocialista Szövetséges Tanácsköztársaság) was a short-lived (133 days) communist rump state.
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Hungary in World War I
At the outbreak of World War I, Hungary was part of the dualist monarchy, Austria-Hungary.
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International relations (1919–1939)
International relations (1919–1939) covers the main interactions shaping world history in this era, with emphasis on diplomacy and economic relations.
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Irena Iłłakowicz
Irena Morzycka-Iłłakowicz (also as Iłłakowiczowa, July 26, 1906 – October 4, 1943) was a Polish second Lieutenant of the National Armed Forces and intelligence agent.
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Italo Insolera
Italo Insolera (Turin, February 7, 1929 – Rome, August 27, 2012) was an Italian architect, urban and land planner, and historian.
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Józef Piłsudski
Józef Klemens Piłsudski (5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman; he was Chief of State (1918–22), "First Marshal of Poland" (from 1920), and de facto leader (1926–35) of the Second Polish Republic as the Minister of Military Affairs.
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Jean Weidt
Jean Weidt is the name generally used by and in respect of Hans Weidt (7 October 1904 – 29 August 1988) who was a dancer and choreographer.
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Johannes Müller (theologian)
Johannes Müller (19 April 1864 - 4 January 1949) was an unconventional German Protestant theologian.
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Josef Wenig
Josef Wenig (17 July 1896 - 16 April 1981) was a German labour and political activist (KPD).
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Katowice historic train station
Katowice historic train station was the main railway station of Katowice, in the Silesia region of what is now Poland.
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Knud Kristensen
Knud Kristensen (26 October 1880 – 28 September 1962) was Prime Minister of Denmark 7 November 1945 to 13 November 1947 in the first elected government after the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.
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Kurds
The Kurds (rtl, Kurd) or the Kurdish people (rtl, Gelî kurd), are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area spanning adjacent parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).
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Kurt Rosenfeld
Kurt Rosenfeld (1 February 1877 – 25 September 1943) was a German lawyer and politician (SPD).
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Kuwait-Najd War
The Kuwait–Najd War erupted in the aftermath of World War I. The war occurred because Ibn Saud wanted to annex Kuwait.
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Latvian Riflemen
Latvian riflemen (Latviešu strēlnieki, Латышские стрелки) were originally a military formation of the Imperial Russian Army assembled starting 1915 in Latvia in order to defend Baltic territories against Germans in World War I. Initially the battalions were formed by volunteers, and from 1916 by conscription among the Latvian population.
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Latvian War of Independence
The Latvian War of Independence (Latvijas brīvības cīņas, literally, "Latvia's freedom struggles"), sometimes called the Latvian War of Liberation (Latvijas atbrīvošanas karš, "War of Latvian Liberation"), was a series of military conflicts in Latvia between 5 December 1918, after the newly proclaimed Republic of Latvia was invaded by Soviet Russia, and the signing of the Latvian-Soviet Riga Peace Treaty on 11 August 1920.
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League of Nations
The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
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Legislative Sejm (Second Polish Republic)
Legislative Sejm (Sejm Ustawodawczy) of the Second Polish Republic was the first national parliament (Sejm) of the newly independent Second Polish Republic.
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Lemko Republic
The Ruthenian National Republic of the Lemkos (Lemko: Руска Народна Република Лемків), often known as the Lemko Republic or the Lemko-Rusyn Republic, was founded on 5 December 1918 in the aftermath of World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
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Leopold Saverio Vaccaro
Leopold Saverio Vaccaro was a noted surgeon and scientist who was decorated for assisting with the reconstruction of Italy in the aftermath of World War I.
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List of international trips made by the President of the United States
International trips made by the President of the United States have become a valuable part of U.S. diplomacy and international relations since such trips were first made in the early 20th century.
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List of micronations
Micronations, sometimes also referred to as model countries and new country projects, are small, self-proclaimed entities that claim to be independent sovereign states but which are not acknowledged as such by any recognised sovereign state, or by any supranational organization.
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List of military occupations
This article presents a list of military occupations.
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List of non-sovereign monarchs who lost their thrones in the 20th and 21st centuries
Many non-sovereign monarchs either lost their thrones through deposition by a coup d'état, by a referendum which abolished their throne, or chose to abdicate during the 20th century or 21st century.
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List of wars involving Haiti
This is a list of wars involving Haiti.
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Lithuanian auksinas
The auksinas (derived from auksas, Lithuanian for gold) was the name of two currencies of Lithuania: silver coin minted in 1564 equal to 30 Lithuanian groschens and paper German ostmark banknotes that circulated in Lithuania in the aftermath of World War I.
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Lithuanian–Soviet War
The Lithuanian–Soviet War or Lithuanian–Bolshevik War (karas su bolševikais) was fought between newly independent Republic of Lithuania and the proto-Soviet Union (Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic and Lithuanian–Belorussian SSR) in the aftermath of World War I. It was part of the larger Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919.
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Little Treaty of Versailles
Little Treaty of Versailles or the Polish Minority Treaty was one of the bilateral Minority Treaties signed between minor powers and the League of Nations in the aftermath of the First World War.
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Liudas Gira
Liudas Gira (27 August 1884 in Vilnius – 1 July 1946 in Vilnius) was a Lithuanian poet, writer, and literary critic.
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Mangelwurzel
Mangelwurzel or mangold wurzel (from German Mangel/Mangold and Wurzel, "root"), also called mangold,Wright, Clifford A. (2001) Mediterranean Vegetables: a cook's ABC of vegetables and their preparation in Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, the Middle East, and north Africa with more than 200 authentic recipes for the home cook Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Common Press,, mangel beet, field beet,, fodder beet and (archaic) root of scarcity is a cultivated root vegetable.
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Margarethe von Reinken
Margarethe von Reinken (27 March 1877 - 20 January 1962) was a German painter.
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Maria Backenecker
Maria Backenecker (born Maria Scharnetzki; 20 March 1893 - 24 December 1931) was a German politician (KPD) and feminist activist.
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Marinebrigade Ehrhardt
The Marinebrigade Ehrhardt was a Free Corps (Freikorps) group of around 6,000 men formed by Captain (Korvettenkapitän) Hermann Ehrhardt in the aftermath of World War I, also known as II Marine Brigade or the Ehrhardt Brigade.
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Marion Newbigin
Marion Isabel Newbigin (1869 – 20 July 1934) was a Scottish geographer and biologist.
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Mary of Teck
Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953) was Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Empress of India as the wife of King George V. Although technically a princess of Teck, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, she was born and raised in England.
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Michel Temer
Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia (born 23 September 1940) is a Brazilian lawyer and politician serving as the 37th and current President of Brazil.
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Military districts of Poland
Military districts of Poland were created in the aftermath of World War I, at a time when Poland regained its independence.
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Modern history
Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history.
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Modern Man in Search of a Soul
Modern Man in Search of a Soul is a book of psychological essays written by Swiss psychologist Carl Jung.
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Mordechai Anielewicz
Mordechai Anielewicz (מרדכי אנילביץ'; 1919 – 8 May 1943) was the leader of the Jewish Fighting Organization (Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa, ŻOB), which led the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; the largest Jewish insurrection during the Second World War, which inspired further rebellions in both ghettos and extermination camps.
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Mostar
Mostar is a city and the administrative center of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Nansen passport
Nansen passports, originally and officially stateless persons passports, were internationally recognized refugee travel documents from 1922 to 1938, first issued by the League of Nations to stateless refugees.
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Ottoman Caliphate
The Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924), under the Ottoman dynasty of the Ottoman Empire, was the last Sunni Islamic caliphate of the late medieval and the early modern era.
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Ottoman casualties of World War I
Ottoman casualties of World War I covers the civilian and military casualties of the Ottoman Empire.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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People's State of Bavaria
The People's State of Bavaria (Volksstaat Bayern) was a short-lived attempt to establish a socialist state in Bavaria during the German Revolution of 1918–19.
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Perloja
Perloja is a village in Varėna district, Lithuania.
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Poland–Russia relations
Poland–Russia relations (Stosunki polsko-rosyjskie, Российско-польские отношения) have a long but often turbulent history, dating to the late Middle Ages, when the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Muscovy struggled over control of their borderlands.
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Poland–Ukraine relations
Polish–Ukrainian relations as international relations were revived soon after Ukraine gained independence from the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.
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Polish-Lithuanian identity
The Polish-Lithuanian identity describes individuals and groups with histories in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or with close connections to its culture.
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Polish–Lithuanian War
The Polish–Lithuanian War was an armed conflict between newly independent Lithuania and Poland in the aftermath of World War I. The conflict primarily concerned territorial control of the Vilnius Region, including Vilnius, and the Suwałki Region, including the towns of Suwałki, Augustów, and Sejny.
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Polish–Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was fought by the Second Polish Republic, Ukrainian People's Republic and the proto-Soviet Union (Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine) for control of an area equivalent to today's western Ukraine and parts of modern Belarus.
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Post–World War I recession
The post–World War I recession was an economic recession that hit much of the world in the aftermath of World War I. In many nations, especially in North America, this growth continued during World War I as nations mobilized their economies to fight the war in Europe.
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Post–World War II economic expansion
The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of strong economic growth beginning after World War II and ending with the 1973–75 recession.
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Presidency of Calvin Coolidge
The presidency of Calvin Coolidge began on August 2, 1923, when Calvin Coolidge became President of the United States upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding, and ended on March 4, 1929.
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Presidency of Warren G. Harding
The presidency of Warren G. Harding began on March 4, 1921, when Warren G. Harding was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended when he died on August 2, 1923, a span of days.
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Presidency of Woodrow Wilson
The presidency of Woodrow Wilson began on March 4, 1913 at noon when Woodrow Wilson was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1921.
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Prussian Partition
The Prussian Partition (Zabór pruski), or Prussian Poland, refers to the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired during the Partitions of Poland, in the late 18th century by the Kingdom of Prussia.
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Red Week (Netherlands)
The Red Week (De Roode Week) was an unsuccessful attempt to start a socialist revolution in the Netherlands in early November 1918.
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Regent
A regent (from the Latin regens: ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated.
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Republic of Central Lithuania
The Republic of Central Lithuania or Middle Lithuania (Republika Litwy Środkowej, Vidurio Lietuvos Respublika, Рэспубліка Сярэдняе Літвы / Respublika Siaredniaje Litvy), or Central Lithuania (Litwa Środkowa, Vidurio Lietuva or Vidurinė Lietuva, Сярэдняя Літва / Siaredniaja Litva), was a short-lived political entity, which did not gain international recognition.
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Republic of Poland Ambassador to the United Kingdom
The Republic of Poland Ambassador to the United Kingdom (known formally in the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland to the Court of St James) is the official representative of the Government of the Republic of Poland to the Queen and Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Revolutionary wave
A revolutionary wave or revolutionary decade is a series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a similar time span.
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Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–20)
There was a period of revolutions and interventions in Hungary between 1918 and 1920.
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Revolutions of 1917–1923
The Revolutions of 1917–1923 were a period of political unrest and revolts around the world inspired by the success of the Russian Revolution and the disorder created by the aftermath of World War I. The uprisings were mainly socialist or anti-colonial in nature and were mostly short-lived, failing to have a long-term impact.
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Rheda, Germany
Rheda is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, a part of the municipality of Rheda-Wiedenbrück in the Kreis of Gütersloh.
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Roaring Twenties
The Roaring Twenties was the period in Western society and Western culture that occurred during and around the 1920s.
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Roberta Gropper
Roberta Gropper (16 August 1897 - 1 February 1993) was a German Communist political activist who became a member of the Reichstag (national parliament) in 1930.
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Roma moderna
Roma moderna.
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Rosa Aschenbrenner
Rosa Aschenbrenner (born Rosa Lierl: 27 April 1885 – 9 February 1967) was a German politician (KPD / SPD).
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Rosi Wolfstein
Rosi Wolfstein (after 1948, Rosi Frölich: 27 May 1888 - 11 December 1987) was a German socialist politician.
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Saldutiškis
Saldutiškis is a small town in northeastern Lithuania.
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Samaria
Samaria (שֹׁמְרוֹן, Standard, Tiberian Šōmərôn; السامرة, – also known as, "Nablus Mountains") is a historical and biblical name used for the central region of ancient Land of Israel, also known as Palestine, bordered by Galilee to the north and Judaea to the south.
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Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (1918–1939).
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Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Posen
The Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Posen (Provinziallandtag des Großherzogthums Posen, Sejm Wielkiego Księstwa Poznańskiego) was the parliament in the 19th century Grand Duchy of Posen and the Province of Posen, seated in Poznań/Posen.
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Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus (1918)
Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus (Samoobrona Litwy i Białorusi) was a voluntary military formation created during the reconstitution of sovereign Poland towards the end of World War One in the Kresy macroregion.
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Sheikhdom of Kuwait
The Sheikhdom of Kuwait (مشيخة الكويت) was a sheikhdom which gained independence from the Khalidi Emirate of Al Hasa under Sabah I bin Jaber in the year 1752.
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Sochi conflict
Sochi conflict was a three-party border conflict which involved the counterrevolutionary White Russian forces, Bolshevik Red Army and the Democratic Republic of Georgia, each of which sought control over the Black Sea town of Sochi.
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Sporthotel Pontresina
The Sporthotel Pontresina was completed in 1881.
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Stefan Fejes
Feldwebel Stefan Fejes was an Austro-Hungarian flying ace credited with 16 confirmed and 4 unconfirmed aerial victories during World War I. By war's end, he had not only received numerous decorations, he had been personally promoted by his emperor.
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Suwałki Agreement
The Suwałki Agreement, Treaty of Suvalkai, or Suwalki Treaty (Umowa suwalska, Suvalkų sutartis) was an agreement signed in the town of Suwałki between Poland and Lithuania on October 7, 1920.
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Territorial evolution of Poland
Poland (Polska) is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north.
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The Hobbit (film series)
The Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson.
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Three Emperors' Corner
Three Emperors' Corner (Trójkąt Trzech Cesarzy, Dreikaisereck, Угол трёх императоров) is a former tripoint at the confluence of the Black and White Przemsza rivers, near the towns of Mysłowice, Sosnowiec and Jaworzno in the present-day Silesian Voivodeship of Poland.
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Treaty of Kars
The Treaty of Kars (Kars Antlaşması, Карсский договор / Karskii dogovor, ყარსის ხელშეკრულება, Կարսի պայմանագիր, Qars müqaviləsi) was a peace treaty that established the common borders between Turkey and the three Transcaucasian republics of the Soviet Union (today the independent republics of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan).
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Treaty of Lausanne
The Treaty of Lausanne (Traité de Lausanne) was a peace treaty signed in the Palais de Rumine, Lausanne, Switzerland, on 24 July 1923.
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Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the Republic of German-Austria on the other.
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Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement of 1920 that formally ended World War I between most of the Allies of World War I and the Kingdom of Hungary, the latter being one of the successor states to Austria-Hungary.
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Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.
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Turkish courts-martial of 1919–1920
Turkish courts-martial of 1919–20 were courts-martial of the Ottoman Empire that occurred soon after the Armistice of Mudros, in the aftermath of World War I. The leadership of the Committee of Union and Progress and selected former officials were charged with several charges including subversion of the constitution, wartime profiteering, and the massacres of both Armenians and Greeks.
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Turkish War of Independence
The Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı "War of Liberation", also known figuratively as İstiklâl Harbi "Independence War" or Millî Mücadele "National Campaign"; 19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was fought between the Turkish National Movement and the proxies of the Allies – namely Greece on the Western front, Armenia on the Eastern, France on the Southern and with them, the United Kingdom and Italy in Constantinople (now Istanbul) – after parts of the Ottoman Empire were occupied and partitioned following the Ottomans' defeat in World War I. Few of the occupying British, French, and Italian troops had been deployed or engaged in combat.
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Turkish–Armenian War
The Turkish–Armenian war, known in Turkey as the Eastern Operation or Eastern Front (Doğu Cephesi) of the Turkish War of Independence, refers to a conflict in the autumn of 1920 between the First Republic of Armenia and the Turkish nationalists, following the signing of the Treaty of Sèvres.
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Tverečius
Tverečius (Twerecz) is a town in Ignalina district municipality, in Utena County, eastern Lithuania.
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U.S.–Austrian Peace Treaty (1921)
The U.S.–Austrian Peace Treaty is a peace treaty between the United States and Austria, signed in Vienna on August 24, 1921, in the aftermath of the First World War.
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United Baltic Duchy
The proposed United Baltic Duchy, (Vereinigtes Baltisches Herzogtum, Balti Hertsogiriik, Apvienotā Baltijas hercogiste) also known as the Grand Duchy of Livonia, was a state proposed by the Baltic German nobility and exiled Russian nobility after the Russian Revolution and German occupation of the Courland, Livonian, and Estonian governorates of the Russian Empire.
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United States elections, 1920
The 1920 United States elections was held on November 2.
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United States presidential election, 1920
The United States presidential election of 1920 was the 34th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1920.
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United States presidential visits to Southern Europe
Thirteen United States presidents have made presidential visits to Southern Europe.
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United States presidential visits to Western Europe
Thirteen United States presidents have made presidential visits to Western Europe.
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Vilnius University
Vilnius University (Vilniaus universitetas; former names exist) is the oldest university in the Baltic states and one of the oldest in Northern Europe.
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Walery Roman
Walery Roman (1877-1952) was a Polish lawyer and politician.
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War resistance in the United States
War resistance in the United States encompasses activities related to war resistance by American citizens and other who oppose military action on the part of the United States.
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Władysław Marian Jakowicki
Władysław Maria Jakowicki (1885 – ca.1940/1942) was a Polish soldier, physician and an academic.
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Weimar culture
Weimar culture was the emergence of the arts and sciences that happened in Germany during the Weimar Republic, the latter during that part of the interwar period between Germany's defeat in World War I in 1918 and Hitler's rise to power in 1933.
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Westerplatte
Westerplatte is a peninsula in Gdańsk, Poland, located on the Baltic Sea coast mouth of the Dead Vistula (one of the Vistula delta estuaries), in the Gdańsk harbour channel.
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Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)
Wołyń Voivodeship or Volhynian Voivodeship (Województwo Wołyńskie, Palatinatus Volhynensis) was an administrative region of interwar Poland (1918–1939) with an area of 35,754 km², 22 cities, and provincial capital in Łuck.
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World War I reparations
World War I reparations were compensation imposed during the Paris Peace Conference upon the Central Powers following their defeat in the First World War by the Allied and Associate Powers.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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World War One (TV series)
World War One is an American documentary television series that was shown on CBS during the 1964–1965 television season to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the start of the war.
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1919 Polish coup attempt
The Polish Coup of early January 1919 was an unsuccessful coup d'etat in Poland.
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1919 Polish coup d'état attempt in Lithuania
The Polish coup d'état attempt in Lithuania refers to a failed attempt by Polish statesman Józef Piłsudski to overthrow the existing Lithuanian government of Prime Minister Mykolas Sleževičius, and install a pro-Polish cabinet that would agree to a union with Poland.
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1919 revolution
1919 Revolution can refer to.
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1919 Southampton mutiny
The 1919 Southampton mutiny was a mutiny in the British Army which occurred in January 1919 in the aftermath of World War I. The soldiers, after being misinformed that they were being transported to Southampton to be demobilized, were then ordered to board troop ships for France.
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1920 Summer Olympics
The 1920 Summer Olympics (Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 1920; Olympische Zomerspelen van de VIIe Olympiade), officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium.
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1923 Kraków riot
The 1923 Kraków riot was a violent riot that took place during a strike on 6 November 1923 in Kraków, Poland.
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1940 Soviet ultimatum to Lithuania
The Soviet Union issued an ultimatum to Lithuania before midnight of June 14, 1940.
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Aftermath of WWI, Aftermath of the First World War, Aftermath of the WWI, Aftermath of the World War I, Aftermath of world war i, Aftermath of wwi, Aftermaths of World War I, Effects of world war i, Effects of wwi, End of World War I, Impact of WW1.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I
