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Al-Mutawakkil

Index Al-Mutawakkil

Abu’l-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Muʿtaṣim bi’llāh (جعفر بن محمد المعتصم بالله; March 822 – 11 December 861), better known by his regnal name al-Mutawakkil ʿAlā ’llāh (المتوكل على الله, "He who relies on God") was an Abbasid caliph who reigned in Samarra from 847 until 861. [1]

170 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid civil war (865–866), Abbasid Samarra, Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz, Abu Dulaf Mosque, Abu'l-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn al-Mudabbir, Academy of Gondishapur, Acre, Israel, Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad, Ahmad ibn al-Khasib al-Jarjara'i, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ahmad ibn Isra'il al-Anbari, Ahmad ibn Tulun, Al-Baladhuri, Al-Fath ibn Khaqan, Al-Hasan ibn Makhlad al-Jarrah, Al-Jahiz, Al-Kindi, Al-Ma'mun, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Al-Mu'ayyad, Al-Mu'tadid, Al-Mu'tamid, Al-Mu'tasim, Al-Mu'tazz, Al-Mubarrad, Al-Muhtadi, Al-Muktafi, Al-Muntasir, Al-Muqtadir, Al-Muwaffaq, Al-Wathiq, Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar, Ali al-Hadi, Ali ibn Ismail, Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, Anarchy at Samarra, Anbasah ibn Ishaq al-Dabbi, Arab rule in Georgia, Arab sword, Arabic literature, Ashot I of Armenia, Ashura, Badr al-Mu'tadidi, Bagrat II Bagratuni, Banū Mūsā, Banu al-Munajjim, Banu Kanz, Banu Kilab, Barmakids, ..., Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul, Bugha al-Kabir, Bugha al-Sharabi, Buhturi, Capture of Faruriyyah, Christopher Melchert, Cypress of Keshmar, December 11, Divan, Emirate of Bari, Emirate of Tbilisi, Fadak, Fadl Ashsha'ira, Faraghina, Ganja, Azerbaijan, Great Mosque of Samarra, Gundeshapur, Harthamah ibn al-Nadr al-Jabali, Harthamah Shar Bamiyan, Hasan al-Askari, Haytham ibn Khalid, Heterodoxy, Himyar ibn al-Harith, History of Islam, History of Islam in southern Italy, History of libraries, History of the Jews in Baghdad, History of the Prophets and Kings, History of theology, Homs, House of Wisdom, Hunayn ibn Ishaq, Husayn ibn Ali, Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, Ibn Qutaybah, Ibrahim ibn al-Mudabbir, Imam Ali Mosque, Imam Husayn Shrine, Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles, Index of Islam-related articles, Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafi'i, Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Mus'abi, Ishaq ibn Isma'il, Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh, Itakh, Ja'far ibn Dinar al-Khayyat, Karbala, Kaysites, Khut Abd al-Wahid ibn Yahya, Konstanti Kakhi, Kozan, Adana, Library, List of 9th-century religious leaders, List of Abbasid caliphs, List of caliphal governors of Sind, List of Caliphs, List of former Muslims, List of individual trees, List of monarchs of Persia, List of state leaders in the 9th century, Maarrat Misrin, Maghariba (Abbasid troops), Malik ibn Tawk, Mamluk, March 31, Mihna, Muʿtazila, Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir, Muhammad ibn al-Ba'ith, Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Jarjara'i, Muhammad ibn al-Zayyat, Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, Muhammad ibn Khalid, Muhammad ibn Ubayd Allah al-Khaqani, Musa ibn Bugha al-Kabir, Muzahim ibn Khaqan, Nilometer, Political aspects of Islam, Sack of Damietta (853), Sahl Smbatean, Saints Cyril and Methodius, Salih ibn Wasif, Samaritans, Samarra, Shaghab, Shatranj, Shāriyah, Shia–Sunni relations, Shirvanshah, Sind ibn Ali, Sulayman ibn Wahb, Taghlib, Tell Mannas, Theodosius (Nestorian patriarch), Timeline of 9th-century Muslim history, Timeline of antisemitism, Timeline of Baghdad, Timeline of Homs, Timeline of Jewish history, Traditionalist theology (Islam), Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan, Ushrusaniyya, Utamish, Vathek, Wasif al-Turki, Yahya ibn Aktham, Yahya ibn Umar, Yazid ibn Abdallah al-Hulwani, Yellow badge, Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu, Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Marwazi, 822, 847, 849, 851, 855, 861, 870, 9th century in architecture. Expand index (120 more) »

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Abbasid civil war (865–866)

The Abbasid civil war of 865–866, sometimes known as the Fifth Fitna, was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra" between the rival caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz, fought to determine who would gain control over the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Abbasid Samarra

Samarra is a city in central Iraq, which served as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate from 836 to 892.

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Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz

Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz (861 – 17 December 908) (عبد الله بن المعتز / ALA-LC: ‘Abd Allāh bin al-Mu‘utaz) is best known, not as a political figure, but as a leading Arabic poet and the author of the Kitab al-Badi, an early study of Arabic forms of poetry.

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Abu Dulaf Mosque

Abu Dulaf Mosque (جامع أبو دلف) is a historic mosque in north Samarra of Saladin Governorate, Iraq.

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Abu'l-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn al-Mudabbir

Abu’l-Ḥasan Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn al-Mudabbir, commonly simply known as Ibn al-Mudabbir, was a senior courtier and fiscal administrator for the Abbasid Caliphate, serving in the central government, in Syria and Egypt.

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Academy of Gondishapur

The Academy of Gondishapur (فرهنگستان گندی‌شاپور, Farhangestân-e Gondišâpur), also known as The Jondishapur University (دانشگاه جندی‌شاپور Dânešgâh-e Jondišapur), was one of the three Sasanian centers of education (Ctesiphon, Resaina, Gundeshapur) and academy of learning in the city of Gundeshapur, Iran during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sasanian Empire.

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Acre, Israel

Acre (or, עַכּוֹ, ʻAko, most commonly spelled as Akko; عكّا, ʻAkkā) is a city in the coastal plain region of Israel's Northern District at the extremity of Haifa Bay.

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Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad

Abu 'Abdallah Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad al-Iyadi (أبو عبد الله أحمد بن أبي دؤاد الإيادي) (776/7–June 854) was a prominent Islamic religious judge (qadi) of the mid-ninth century.

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Ahmad ibn al-Khasib al-Jarjara'i

Abu al-'Abbas Ahmad ibn al-Khasib al-Jarjara'i (أبو العباس أحمد بن الخصيب الجرجرائي; died c. 879) was a civil officer of the Abbasid Caliphate in the mid-9th century, serving as vizier (Arabic: wazir) during the caliphate of al-Muntasir (r. 861–862).

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Ahmad ibn Hanbal

Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin Ḥanbal Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shaybānī (احمد بن محمد بن حنبل ابو عبد الله الشيباني; 780–855 CE/164–241 AH), often referred to as Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal or Ibn Ḥanbal for short, or reverentially as Imam Aḥmad by Sunni Muslims, was an Arab Muslim jurist, theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist.

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Ahmad ibn Isra'il al-Anbari

Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Isra'il al-Anbari (أبو جعفر أحمد بن إسرائيل الأنباري) (824 or 825 – September 8, 869) was a prominent civil officer of the Abbasid Caliphate in the mid-9th century, serving as vizier (Arabic: wazir) during the caliphate of al-Mu'tazz (r. 866–869).

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Ahmad ibn Tulun

Ahmad ibn Tulun (translit; ca. 20 September 835 – 10 May 884) was the founder of the Tulunid dynasty that ruled Egypt and Syria between 868 and 905.

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Al-Baladhuri

ʾAḥmad Ibn Yaḥyā al-Balādhurī (أحمد بن يحيى بن جابر البلاذري) was a 9th-century Muslim historian.

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Al-Fath ibn Khaqan

Al-Fatḥ ibn Khāqān (ca. 817/8 – 11 December 861) was an Abbasid official and one of the most prominent figures of the court of the Caliph al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861).

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Al-Hasan ibn Makhlad al-Jarrah

Al-Hasan ibn Makhlad ibn al-Jarrah was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Al-Jahiz

al-Jāḥiẓ (الجاحظ) (full name Abū ʿUthman ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al-Baṣrī أبو عثمان عمرو بن بحر الكناني البصري) (born 776, in Basra – December 868/January 869) was an Arab prose writer and author of works of literature, Mu'tazili theology, and politico-religious polemics.

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Al-Kindi

Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; Alkindus; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and musician.

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Al-Ma'mun

Abu al-Abbas al-Maʾmūn ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd (أبو العباس المأمون; September 786 – 9 August 833) was the seventh Abbasid caliph, who reigned from 813 until his death in 833.

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Al-Masjid an-Nabawi

The Prophet's Mosque (Classical ٱلْـمَـسْـجِـدُ ٱلـنَّـبَـوِيّ, Al-Masjidun-Nabawiyy; Modern Standard ٱلْـمَـسْـجِـدْ اَلـنَّـبَـوِي, Al-Masjid An-Nabawī) is a mosque established and originally built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, situated in the city of Medina in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia.

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Al-Mu'ayyad

Al-Mu'ayyad (died 866) was the third son of the Abbasid caliph, al-Mutawakkil and the brother of al-Muntasir and al-Mu'tazz, who both would eventually become Caliphs as well.

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Al-Mu'tadid

Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Talha al-Muwaffaq (854 or 861 – 5 April 902), better known by his regnal name al-Mu'tadid bi-llah (المعتضد بالله, "Seeking Support in God") was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 892 until his death in 902.

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Al-Mu'tamid

Abu’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Jaʿfar (ca. 842 – died 15 October 892), better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtamid ʿAlā ’llāh ("Dependent on God"), was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 870 to 892.

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Al-Mu'tasim

Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd (أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الرشيد; October 796 – 5 January 842), better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtaṣim bi’llāh (المعتصم بالله, "he who seeks refuge in God"), was the eighth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 833 to his death in 842.

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Al-Mu'tazz

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar (أبو عبد الله محمد بن جعفر; 847 – 16 July 869), better known by his regnal title al-Muʿtazz bi-ʾllāh (المعتز بالله, "He who is strengthened by God") was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 866 to 869, during the "Anarchy at Samarra".

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Al-Mubarrad

Mubarrad or Mobarrad, full name Abū-l ‘Abbās Maḥommed ibn Yazīd ul-Azdī, (March 25, 826 in Basra – October, 898 in Baghdad) was an Arab grammarian.

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Al-Muhtadi

Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn al-Wāṯiq (died 21 June 870), better known by his regnal name al-Muhtadī bi-'llāh (المهتدي بالله, "Guided by God"), was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from July 869 to June 870, during the "Anarchy at Samarra".

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Al-Muktafi

Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad (أبو محمد علي بن أحمد; 877/878 – 13 August 908), better known by his regnal name al-Muktafī bi-llāh (المكتفي بالله, "Content with God Alone"), was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 902 to 908.

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Al-Muntasir

Abu Ja'far Muhammad (أبو جعفر محمد; November 837 – 7 June 862), better known by his regnal title al-Muntasir bi-llah (المنتصر بالله, "He who triumphs in God") was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 861 to 862, during the "Anarchy at Samarra".

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Al-Muqtadir

Abu’l-Faḍl Jaʿfar ibn Ahmad al-Muʿtaḍid (أبو الفضل جعفر بن أحمد المعتضد) (895 – 31 October 932 CE), better known by his regnal name al-Muqtadir bi-llāh (المقتدر بالله, "Mighty in God"), was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 908 to 932 CE (295–320 AH), with the exception of a brief deposition in favour of al-Qahir in 928.

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Al-Muwaffaq

Abu Ahmad Talha ibn Ja'far (أبو أحمد طلحة بن جعفر) (842 – June 2, 891), better known by his laqab as al-Muwaffaq bi-Allah ("Blessed of God"), was an Abbasid prince and military leader, who acted as the virtual regent of the Abbasid Caliphate for most of the reign of his brother, Caliph al-Mu'tamid.

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Al-Wathiq

Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad (أبو جعفر هارون بن محمد المعتصم; 18 April 812 – 10 August 847), better known by his regnal name al-Wāthiq Bi’llāh (الواثق بالله, "He who trusts in God"), was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 842 until 847 AD (227–232 AH in the Islamic calendar).

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Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar

Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkār (أبو عبدالله الزبير بن بكار بن عبد الله بن مصعب بن ثابت بن عبد الله بن الزبير بن العوام., (788-870 CE / 172-256 AH), a descendant of Al-Zubayr ibn al-ʻAwwām, was a leading Arab Muslim historian and genealogist of the Arabs, particularly the Hijaz region. He composed a number of works on genealogy that made him a standing authority on the subject of the genealogies of the Quraysh tribe. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani regarded him as the most reliable authority for Quraysh genealogical matters.

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Ali al-Hadi

Alī ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Alī (علي بن محمد بن علي; 828-868 C.E.) commonly called Ali al-Hadi and Alī an-Naqī was known as al-Hadi. He was the tenth of the Twelve Imams after his father Muhammad al-Jawad and before his son Hasan al-Askari. He remained in Medina teaching until the age of 30 when he was summoned to Samarra by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil. There he was treated roughly by the caliph and his successors until, according to Shiite accounts, he was poisoned through intrigue of Al-Mu'tazz the Abbasid caliph, in 254/868, and was buried in Samarra.

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Ali ibn Ismail

Ali ibn Isma'il (Arabic: علی ابن اسماعیل) was born in Medina Saudi Arabia in 135 AH and was the second son of Isma'il ibn Jafar and grand son of Jafar al Sadiq.

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Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari

Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (علی ابن سهل ربان طبری) (c. 838 – c. 870 CE; also given as 810–855 or 808–864 also 783–858), was a Persian Muslim scholar, physician and psychologist, who produced one of the first encyclopedia of medicine entitled Firdous al-Hikmah ("Paradise of wisdom").

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Anarchy at Samarra

The term "Anarchy at Samarra" refers to the period 861–870 in the history of the Abbasid Caliphate, which was marked by extreme internal instability and the violent succession of four caliphs, who became puppets in the hands of powerful rival military groups.

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Anbasah ibn Ishaq al-Dabbi

Anbasah ibn Isḥāq al-Ḍabbi (عنبسة بن اسحاق الضبي; died c. 860) was a provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth century, serving as governor of Raqqa (833), al-Sind (c. 840s) and Egypt (852-856).

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Arab rule in Georgia

Arab rule in Georgia refers to the period in the History of Georgia when all or part of the country was under political domination of Muslim Arab rulers, from the first Arab incursions in the mid-7th century until the final defeat of the Emirate of Tbilisi at the hands of King David IV in 1122.

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Arab sword

The Arab sword, sometimes called a Saif (سيف) or a Shamshir depending on the era, has its origins in Arabia in the 7th century.

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Arabic literature

Arabic literature (الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: al-Adab al-‘Arabī) is the writing, both prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language.

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Ashot I of Armenia

Ashot I (Աշոտ Ա; c. 820 – 890) was an Armenian king who oversaw the beginning of Armenia's second golden age (862 – 977).

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Ashura

Ashura (عاشوراء, colloquially:; عاشورا; عاشورا; Azerbaijani and Turkish: Aşura Günü or Day of Remembrance), and in Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago 'Hussay' or Hosay, is the tenth day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar.

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Badr al-Mu'tadidi

Abu'l-Najm Badr al-Mu'tadidi was the chief military commander of the Abbasid Caliphate during the reign of Caliph al-Mu'tadid (892–902).

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Bagrat II Bagratuni

Bagrat II Bagratuni (Բագրատ Բ Բագրատունի, Arabic: Buqrāṭ ibn Ashūṭ; died after 851) was an Armenian noble of the Bagratid (Bagratuni) family and the presiding prince ("prince of princes") of Arab-ruled Armenia between 830 and 851.

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Banū Mūsā

The Banū Mūsā brothers ("Sons of Moses"), namely Abū Jaʿfar, Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (before 803 – February 873), Abū al‐Qāsim, Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (d. 9th century) and Al-Ḥasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir (d. 9th century), were three 9th-century scholars who lived and worked in Baghdad.

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Banu al-Munajjim

The Banu al-Munajjim (بنو المنجم), was an Iranian family of Abbasid officials attested in the 9th and 10th centuries.

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Banu Kanz

Banu al-Kanz (also known as Awlad Kanz or Kunuz) was a semi-nomadic Muslim dynasty of mixed Arab-Beja ancestry that ruled the border region between Upper Egypt and Nubia between the 10th and 15th centuries.

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Banu Kilab

Banu Kilab (/ALA-LC: Banū Kilāb) was an Arab tribe that dominated central Arabia during the late pre-Islamic era.

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Barmakids

The Barmakids (برمکیان Barmakīyān; البرامكة al-Barāmikah, from the Sanskrit प्रमुख pramukha, "leader, chief administrator, registrar"); also spelled Barmecides, were an Iranian influential family from Balkh in Bactria where they were originally hereditary Buddhist leaders (in the Nawbahar monastery), and subsequently came to great political power under the Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad.

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Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul

The Battle of Dayr al-‘Aqul (دير العاقول, دیرالعاقول) was fought on April 8, 876, between forces of the Saffarid amir Ya'qub ibn Laith and the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Bugha al-Kabir

Bugha al-Kabir or Bugha the Great, also known as Bugha al-Turki ("Bugha the Turk"), was a 9th-century Turkic general who served the Abbasids.

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Bugha al-Sharabi

Bugha al-Sharabi ("the Cupbearer"), also known as Bugha al-Saghir ("the Younger") to distinguish him from his unrelated contemporary Bugha the Elder, was a senior Turkish military leader in the mid-9th century Abbasid Caliphate.

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Buhturi

Buhturi (al-Walīd ibn `Ubayd Allāh al-Buhturī) (820–897) was an Arab poet born at Manbij in Islamic Syria, between Aleppo and the Euphrates.

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Capture of Faruriyyah

The Capture of Faruriyyah in 862 was a military campaign conducted by the Abbasid Caliphate against the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire.

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Christopher Melchert

Christopher Melchert is an American professor and scholar of Islam, specialising in Islamic movements and institutions, especially in the ninth and tenth centuries C.E. A prolific author, he is University Lecturer in Arabic and Islam at the University of Oxford's Oriental Institute, and is a Fellow in Arabic at Pembroke College, Oxford.

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Cypress of Keshmar

The Cypress of Keshmar is a mythical cypress tree of legendary beauty and gargantuan dimensions.

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December 11

No description.

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Divan

A divan or diwan (دیوان, dīvān) was a high governmental body in a number of Islamic states, or its chief official (see dewan).

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Emirate of Bari

The Emirate of Bari was a short-lived Islamic state ruled by non-Arab mawali.

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Emirate of Tbilisi

The Emirs of Tbilisi (თბილისის საამირო, إمارة تفليسي) ruled over the parts of today’s eastern Georgia from their base in the city of Tbilisi, from 736 to 1080 (nominally to 1122).

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Fadak

Fadak (فدك) was a garden oasis in Khaybar, a tract of land in northern Arabia; it is now part of Saudi Arabia.

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Fadl Ashsha'ira

Fadl Ashsha'ira (فضل الشاعرة, d. 871 CE) was one of 'three early ‘Abbasid singing girls...

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Faraghina

The Faraghina (definite plural of فرغاني Farghānī, "inhabitant of Farghanah") were a regiment in the regular army of the Abbasid Caliphate which was active during the ninth century A.D. Consisting of troops who originated from the region of Farghana in Transoxiana, the Faraghina participated in several military campaigns and played a significant role in the politics of the central government, especially during the Anarchy at Samarra.

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Ganja, Azerbaijan

Ganja (Gəncə) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 331,400.

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Great Mosque of Samarra

The Great Mosque of Samarra is a ninth-century mosque located in Samarra, Iraq.

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Gundeshapur

Gondēshāpūr was the intellectual centre of the Sassanid Empire and the home of the Academy of Gundishapur, founded by Sassanid king Shapur I. Gundeshapur was home to a teaching hospital and had a library and a centre of higher learning.

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Harthamah ibn al-Nadr al-Jabali

Harthamah ibn al-Nadr (or al-Nasr) al-Jabali (هرثمة بن النضر الجبلي) was a ninth century provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, serving as governor of Egypt from 847 until his death in 849.

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Harthamah Shar Bamiyan

Harthamah Shar Bamiyan (هرثمة شارباميان) was a ninth century personage and provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Hasan al-Askari

Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad (846 – 874) was the 11th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam, after his father Ali al-Hadi.

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Haytham ibn Khalid

Haytham ibn Khalid was the first Shirvanshah, or independent ruler of Shirvan, renouncing the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate in 861 and beginning the Mazyadid dynasty.

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Heterodoxy

Heterodoxy in a religious sense means "any opinions or doctrines at variance with an official or orthodox position".

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Himyar ibn al-Harith

Himyar ibn al-Harith (حمير بن الحارث) was the last governor of the Yemen for the Abbasid Caliphate, prior to the Yu'firid conquest of Sana'a in 847.

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History of Islam

The history of Islam concerns the political, social,economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization.

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History of Islam in southern Italy

The history of Islam in Sicily and Southern Italy began with the first Muslim settlement in Sicily, at Mazara, which was captured in 827.

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History of libraries

The history of libraries began with the first efforts to organize collections of documents.

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History of the Jews in Baghdad

Not to be confused with Baghdadi Jews – Jewish emigrants from Baghdad and elsewhere in Iraq, as well as Jews from Syrian and Yemenite origin who settled on trade routes, in South and Southeast Asia as well as the west, and formed immigrant communities.

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History of the Prophets and Kings

The History of the Prophets and Kings (تاريخ الرسل والملوك Tārīkh al-Rusul wa al-Mulūk), more commonly known as Tarikh al-Tabari (تاريخ الطبري) or Tarikh-i Tabari (تاریخ طبری) is an Arabic-language historical chronicle written by the Persian historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838-923).

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History of theology

This is an overview of the history of theology in Greek thought and its relationship with Abrahamic religions.

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Homs

Homs (حمص / ALA-LC: Ḥimṣ), previously known as Emesa or Emisa (Greek: Ἔμεσα Emesa), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate.

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House of Wisdom

The House of Wisdom (بيت الحكمة; Bayt al-Hikma) refers either to a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad or to a large private library belonging to the Abbasid Caliphs during the Islamic Golden Age.

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Hunayn ibn Ishaq

Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi (also Hunain or Hunein) (أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي;, Iohannitius, ܚܢܝܢ ܒܪ ܐܝܣܚܩ) (809 – 873) was an influential Arab Nestorian Christian translator, scholar, physician, and scientist.

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Husayn ibn Ali

Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (الحسين ابن علي ابن أبي طالب; 10 October 625 – 10 October 680) (3 Sha'aban AH 4 (in the ancient (intercalated) Arabic calendar) – 10 Muharram AH 61) (his name is also transliterated as Husayn ibn 'Alī, Husain, Hussain and Hussein), was a grandson of the Islamic ''Nabi'' (نَـبِي, Prophet) Muhammad, and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib (the first Shia Imam and the fourth Rashid caliph of Sunni Islam), and Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah.

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Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam

Abu'l Qāsim ʿAbd ar-Raḥman bin ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd al-Ḥakam bin Aʿyan al-Qurashī al-Mașrī (أبو القاسم عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم بن اعين القرشي المصري), generally known simply as Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (born: 187 A.H/ 803 A.D- died 257 A.H/ 871 A.D at al-Fustat near Cairo) was an Egyptian Muslim historian who wrote a work generally known as The Conquest of Egypt and North Africa and Spain (فتح مصر و المغرب و الاندلس, Futūḥ mișr wa'l maghrab wa'l andalus).

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Ibn Qutaybah

Abū Muhammad Abd-Allāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī al-Marwazī or simply Ibn Qutaybah (Ibn Qutaybah; 828 – 13 November 889 CE / 213 – 15 Rajab 276 AH) was a renowned Islamic scholar of Persian origin.

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Ibrahim ibn al-Mudabbir

Abū Isḥāq (or Abū Yusr) Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn al-Mudabbir, commonly simply known as Ibrahim ibn al-Mudabbir, was a senior courtier and fiscal administrator for the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Imam Ali Mosque

The Imam 'Ali Holy Shrine (Ḥaram al-Imām ‘Alī), also known as the Mosque of 'Ali (Masjid ‘Alī), located in Najaf, Iraq, is the Holy site for Shia Muslims.

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Imam Husayn Shrine

The Shrine of Imam Husayn (Maqām al-Imām al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī) is the mosque and burial site of Husayn ibn Ali, the third Imam of Islam, in the city of Karbala’, Iraq.

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Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles

This is a list of people, places, things, and concepts related to or originating from the Byzantine Empire (AD 330–1453).

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Index of Islam-related articles

This is an alphabetical list of topics related to Islam, the history of Islam, Islamic culture, and the present-day Muslim world, intended to provide inspiration for the creation of new articles and categories.

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Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani

Abu Musa Isa ibn al-Shaykh ibn al-Salil al-Dhuhli al-Shaybani (died 882/83) was an Arab leader of the Shayban tribe.

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Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafi'i

Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafiqi, (عيسى بن منصور الرافقي; died 847) alternatively known as al-Rafi'i, was a governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate, holding that position from 831 to 832 and again from 843 to 847.

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Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Mus'abi

Abu al-Husayn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim (أبو الحسين إسحاق بن إبراهيم, died July 850) was a ninth-century official in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Ishaq ibn Isma'il

Ishaq b. Isma'il b. Shuab al-Tiflisi (before 833 – 853), also known as Sahak in Georgian sources, was the emir of Tbilisi between 833 and 853.

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Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh

Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh (إسحاق بن يحيى بن معاذ; died 851) was a ninth-century provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, serving as governor of Damascus and Egypt.

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Itakh

Aytākh or Ītākh al-Khazarī (إيتاخ الخزري) was a leading commander in the Turkish army of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim (r. 833-842 C.E.). As the nisba in his name suggests, he was a Khazar by origin, and is said to have been a slave working in the kitchen of Sallam al-Abrash al-Khadim—whence his nickname al-Tabbakh, "the cook"—before he was purchased as a ghulām by al-Mu'tasim in 815.

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Ja'far ibn Dinar al-Khayyat

Ja'far ibn Dinar ibn 'Abdallah al-Khayyat (جعفر بن دينار بن عبد الله الخياط) was a ninth century military commander for the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Karbala

Karbala (كَرْبَلَاء, Karbalā’, Persian: کربلاء) is a city in central Iraq, located about southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh.

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Kaysites

The Kaysite dynasty was a Muslim Arab dynasty that ruled an emirate centered in Manzikert from c. 860 until 964.

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Khut Abd al-Wahid ibn Yahya

Abd al-Wahid ibn Yahya, known as Khut (خوط عبد الواحد بن يحيى) was a ninth century governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate, serving there from 851 until 852..

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Konstanti Kakhi

Konstanti Kakhay or Konstanti Kakhi (კონსტანტი კახაჲ; კონსტანტი კახი) (768 – November 10, 853) was a Christian Georgian nobleman from Kartli, who was seized captive by the Abbasid general Bugha al-Kabir during his 853 expedition into the Caucasus.

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Kozan, Adana

Kozan (formerly Sis Սիս) is a city in Adana Province, Turkey, northeast of Adana, in the northern section of the Çukurova plain.

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Library

A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing.

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List of 9th-century religious leaders

;List of 8th-century religious leaders - List of 10th-century religious leaders - Lists of religious leaders by century This is a list of the top-level leaders for religious groups with at least 50,000 adherents, and that led anytime from January 1, 801, to December 31, 900.

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List of Abbasid caliphs

The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib.

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List of caliphal governors of Sind

During the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, the governor of Sind was an official who administered the Muslim province of Sind.

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List of Caliphs

This is a list of people who have held the title of Caliph, the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, as the political successors to Muhammad.

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List of former Muslims

Former Muslims are people who have been Muslims for some part of their lives, but left Islam for another religion or a nonreligious philosophy.

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List of individual trees

The following is a list of notable trees from around the world.

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List of monarchs of Persia

This article lists the monarchs of Persia, who ruled over the area of modern-day Iran from the establishment of the Achaemenid dynasty by Achaemenes around 705 BCE until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.

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List of state leaders in the 9th century

;State leaders in the 8th century – State leaders in the 10th century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 9th century (801–900) AD.

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Maarrat Misrin

Ma'arrat Misrin (معرة مصرين, also spelled Ma'arrat Masrin or Ma'aret Masreen) is a small city in northwestern Syria, administratively part of Idlib Governorate.

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Maghariba (Abbasid troops)

The Maghariba (meaning "Westerners") were a regiment in the regular army of the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Malik ibn Tawk

Malik ibn Tawk ibn Malik ibn 'Attab at-Taghlibi (died 873) was an Abbasid official during the reigns of caliphs al-Wathiq (r. 842–847) and al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861).

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Mamluk

Mamluk (Arabic: مملوك mamlūk (singular), مماليك mamālīk (plural), meaning "property", also transliterated as mamlouk, mamluq, mamluke, mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke or marmeluke) is an Arabic designation for slaves.

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March 31

No description.

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Mihna

The Mihna (محنة خلق القرآن, Miḥnat Ḵẖalaq al-Qurʾān "Ordeal the creation of the Qur'an") refers to the period of religious persecution instituted by the 'Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun in 833 AD in which religious scholars were punished, imprisoned, or even killed unless they conformed to Muʿtazila doctrine.

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Muʿtazila

Muʿtazila (المعتزلة) is a rationalist school of Islamic theology"", Encyclopaedia Britannica.

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Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir

Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir (824/5 – November 867) was a Tahirid who served the Abbasid Caliphate as governor and chief of police (sahib al-shurta) of Baghdad from 851 until his death, during a particularly troubled period in the city's history, which included its siege during the civil war of 865–866, in which he played a major role.

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Muhammad ibn al-Ba'ith

Muhammad ibn al-Ba'ith ibn Halbas (محمدبن‌بعیث) (circa early 9th century) also known as Ibn Ba'ith (Son of Ba'ith) was an Arab governor of Marand during the Abbassid caliphate.

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Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Jarjara'i

Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl al-Jarjarāʾī was a senior Abbasid official and vizier briefly in 847/8 and again in 863 until his death in 864/5.

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Muhammad ibn al-Zayyat

Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik, better known as Ibn al-Zayyāt (ابن الزيات), was a wealthy merchant who became a court official and served as vizier of the Abbasid caliphs al-Mu'tasim, al-Wathiq, and al-Mutawakkil, from 836 until his downfall and death by torture in 847.

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Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim

Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim (محمد بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم, died June 851) was a Mus'abid governor of Baghdad for the Abbasid Caliphate, from 850 until his death.

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Muhammad ibn Khalid

Muhammad ibn Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani in Arabic محمد بن خالد بن يزيد الشيباني was an Arab general and governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, active in the Caliphate's Caucasian provinces in the 9th century.

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Muhammad ibn Ubayd Allah al-Khaqani

Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Khāqānī was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate, who served as vizier in 912–913.

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Musa ibn Bugha al-Kabir

Musa ibn Bugha al-Kabir (died 877) was an Abbasid military leader of Turkic origin.

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Muzahim ibn Khaqan

Muzahim ibn Khaqan (مزاحم بن خاقان; died 868) was a Turkish military commander in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Nilometer

A nilometer was a structure for measuring the Nile River's clarity and water level during the annual flood season.

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Political aspects of Islam

Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Qur'an, the Sunnah (the sayings and living habits of Muhammad), Muslim history, and elements of political movements outside Islam.

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Sack of Damietta (853)

The Sack of Damietta was a successful raid on the port city of Damietta on the Nile Delta by the Byzantine navy on 22–24 May 853.

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Sahl Smbatean

Sahl Smbatjan EṙanshahikMovses Kaghankatvatsi.

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Saints Cyril and Methodius

Saints Cyril and Methodius (826–869, 815–885; Κύριλλος καὶ Μεθόδιος; Old Church Slavonic) were two brothers who were Byzantine Christian theologians and Christian missionaries.

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Salih ibn Wasif

Salih ibn Wasif (صالح بن وصيف) (died January 29, 870) was a Turkish officer in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Samaritans

The Samaritans (Samaritan Hebrew: ࠔࠠࠌࠝࠓࠩࠉࠌ,, "Guardians/Keepers/Watchers (of the Torah)") are an ethnoreligious group of the Levant originating from the Israelites (or Hebrews) of the Ancient Near East.

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Samarra

Sāmarrāʾ (سَامَرَّاء) is a city in Iraq.

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Shaghab

Shaghab or Umm al-Muqtadir (died 933) was the mother of the eighteenth Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir (reign 908-932), and wielded a considerable influence over state affairs during the reign of her son.

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Shatranj

Shatranj (شطرنج, from Middle Persian chatrang) is an old form of chess, as played in the Persian Empire.

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Shāriyah

Shāriyah (c. 815 in al-Basra – c. 870 C.E.) was an ‘Abbasid qayna (enslaved singing-girl), who enjoyed a prominent place in the court of Al-Wathiq (r. 842-47).

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Shia–Sunni relations

Sunni Islam and Shia Islam are the two major denominations of Islam.

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Shirvanshah

Shirvanshah (شروانشاه, Şirvanşah), also spelled as Shīrwān Shāh or Sharwān Shāh, was the title of the rulers of Shirvan, located in modern Azerbaijan, from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century.

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Sind ibn Ali

Sind ibn Ali-Musa, Sind ibn ʿAlī (died after 864 AD), was a renowned Sindhi Muslim astronomer, translator, mathematician and engineer.

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Sulayman ibn Wahb

Abu Ayyub Sulayman ibn Wahb (died July/August 885) was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate who served several times as vizier.

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Taghlib

The Banu Taghlib, also known as Taghlib ibn Wa'il, were an Arab tribe that originated in Najd, but inhabited Upper Mesopotamia from the late 6th century onward.

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Tell Mannas

Tell Mannas (بلدة تلمنس), sometimes spelled Telminnes, Tal Minnis, Talmanis, Talmanes or Telmans, is a village east of Maarrat al-Nu'man.

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Theodosius (Nestorian patriarch)

Theodosius was Patriarch of the Church of the East between 853 and 858.

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Timeline of 9th-century Muslim history

No description.

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Timeline of antisemitism

This timeline of antisemitism chronicles the facts of antisemitism, hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group.

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Timeline of Baghdad

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Baghdad, Iraq.

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Timeline of Homs

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Homs, Syria.

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Timeline of Jewish history

This is a timeline of the development of Jews and Judaism.

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Traditionalist theology (Islam)

Traditionalist theology is a movement of Islamic scholars who reject rationalistic Islamic theology (kalam) in favor of strict textualism in interpreting the Quran and hadith.

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Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan

Abū al-Ḥasan ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Yaḥyā ibn Khāqān was an Abbasid official who served twice as vizier, under caliphs al-Mutawakkil and al-Mu'tamid.

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Ushrusaniyya

The Ushrusaniyya were a regiment in the regular army of the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Utamish

Abu Musa Utamish (اوتامش، اتامش) (died June 6, 863) was a Turkish military officer of the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Vathek

Vathek (alternatively titled Vathek, an Arabian Tale or The History of the Caliph Vathek) is a Gothic novel written by William Beckford.

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Wasif al-Turki

Wasif al-Turki (وصيف التركي) (died October 29, 867) was a Turkish general in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Yahya ibn Aktham

Abu Muhammad Yahya ibn Aktham (أبو محمد يحيى بن أكثم, died 857) was a ninth century Islamic jurist.

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Yahya ibn Umar

Yahya ibn Umar ibn Yahya ibn Husayn ibn Zayd ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin ibn Al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Murtada was an Alid Imam.

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Yazid ibn Abdallah al-Hulwani

Yazid ibn Abdallah ibn Dinar al-Hulwani (also called al-Turki)Gordon, p. 109 (يزيد بن عبد الله التركي) was the military governor (wālī al-jaysh) of Egypt for the Abbasid dynasty from 856 to 867.

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Yellow badge

Yellow badges (or yellow patches), also referred to as Jewish badges (Judenstern, lit. Jewry star), are badges that Jews and Christians were ordered to sew on their outer garments to mark them as Jews and Christians in public at certain times in certain countries, serving as a badge of shame.

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Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu

Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu (Johannes Bukhtishu) was a 9th-century Persian or Syriac physician from Khuzestan, Persia.

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Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Marwazi

Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Marwazi (يوسف بن محمد بن يوسف المروزي) was a ninth century governor of Adharbayjan and Arminiyah for the Abbasid Caliphate, serving there from 851 until early 852, when he was killed during an Armenian revolt.

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822

Year 822 (DCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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847

Year 847 (DCCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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849

Year 849 (DCCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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851

Year 851 (DCCCLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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855

Year 855 (DCCCLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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861

Year 861 (DCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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870

Year 870 (DCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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9th century in architecture

See also: 8th century in architecture, 10th century in architecture and the architecture timeline.

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Redirects here:

Al-mutawakki, Mutawakkil.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil

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