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973 relations: -al, -ose, A3 coupling reaction, Abiogenic petroleum origin, Acetal, Acetaldehyde, Acetic anhydride, Acetoin—ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase, Aconitine, Acrolein, Acyl azide, Acyl group, Acylal, Adduct, Adephaga, Aflatoxin total synthesis, Aging of wine, Air freshener, Akabori amino-acid reaction, AKR1B1, Alanine, Albright-Goldman oxidation, Alcohol, Alcohol (drug), Alcohol (medicine), Alcohol dehydrogenase, Alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor), Alcohol dehydrogenase (azurin), Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+), Alcohol oxidase, Alcohol oxidation, ALD, Aldaric acid, Aldehyde dehydrogenase, Aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent), Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+), Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+), Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+), Aldehyde dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone), Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1, Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, Aldehyde oxidase, Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead domain, Aldehyde tag, ALDH1A1, ALDH7A1, Aldimine, Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1, Aldohexose, Aldol, ..., Aldol condensation, Aldol reaction, Aldol–Tishchenko reaction, Aldonic acid, Aldose, Alexander Borodin, Alfred Wöhlk, Aliivibrio fischeri, Alkali metal, Alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor), Alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked), Alkane, Alkanesulfonate monooxygenase, Alkenal, Alkene, Alkenylglycerophosphocholine hydrolase, Alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine hydrolase, Alkoxide, Alkyl nitrites, Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution, Alkyne, Allyltrichlorosilane, Alniditan, Alpha hydroxy acid, Alpha-ketol rearrangement, Aluminium borohydride, Aluminium chloride, Aluminium hydride, Aluminium isopropoxide, Aluminium triethoxide, Amide, Amide reduction, Aminal, Amine, Amine dehydrogenase, Amine oxidase, Amine oxidase (copper-containing), Amine oxide, Ammonium dichromate, Ammonium formate, Ammoxidation, Anaerobic digestion, Angeli–Rimini reaction, Aniline acetate test, Anionic addition polymerization, Anomer, AOC2, AP site, 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Viktor Meyer, Vilsmeier–Haack reaction, Vinegar, Viniferal, Vinyl iodide functional group, Visnagin, Visual phototransduction, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12 total synthesis, Walter Reppe, Warmed-over flavor, Wax, Weerman degradation, Weinreb ketone synthesis, Wender Taxol total synthesis, Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig, Wilkinson's catalyst, Will-o'-the-wisp, Willey Glover Denis, William Summer Johnson, Wittig reaction, Wolff rearrangement, Xylitol, Xylose, Ylide, Ynol, Ynone, Zeaxanthin 7,8-dioxygenase, Zinc cyanide, Zincke aldehyde, Zincke reaction, (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase, (Z)-9-Tricosene, 1,2-Benzenedithiol, 1,2-Ethanedithiol, 1,3,5-Triazine, 1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane, 1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid, 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition, 1,3-Propanedithiol, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, 1-Hexene, 1-Octene, 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate, 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine, 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, 2,5-Diketopiperazine, 2-alkenal reductase, 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde, 2-Formylpyridine, 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase, 2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase, 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid, 2-Mercaptoethanol, 2-Methylundecanal, 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-Nonenal, 2-Propylheptanol, 2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase, 3,3,4,4-Tetramethyltetrahydrofuran, 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3-Benzoxepin, 3-Dimethylaminoacrolein, 3-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-Anisaldehyde, 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde, 4-Formylphenylboronic acid, 4-Hydroxynonenal, 4-Methylbenzaldehyde, 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 5-Chloromethylfurfural, 5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, 6-APB. Expand index (923 more) » « Shrink index

-al

The suffix -al is the IUPAC nomenclature used in organic chemistry to form names of aldehydes containing the -(CO)H group.

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-ose

The suffix -ose is used in biochemistry to form the names of sugars.

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A3 coupling reaction

The A3 coupling (also known as A3 coupling reaction or the aldehyde-alkyne-amine reaction) is a type of multicomponent reaction involving an aldehyde, an alkyne and an amine which react to give a propargyl-amine.

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Abiogenic petroleum origin

Abiogenic petroleum origin is a term used to describe a number of different hypotheses which propose that petroleum and natural gas are formed by inorganic means rather than by the decomposition of organisms.

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Acetal

An acetal is a functional group with the following connectivity R2C(OR')2, where both R' groups are organic fragments.

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Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde (systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO, sometimes abbreviated by chemists as MeCHO (Me.

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Acetic anhydride

Acetic anhydride, or ethanoic anhydride, is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO)2O.

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Acetoin—ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase

In enzymology, an acetoin-ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-hydroxybutan-2-one and D-ribose 5-phosphate, whereas its two products are acetaldehyde and 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose 7-phosphate.

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Aconitine

Aconitine is an alkaloid toxin produced by the Aconitum plant, also known as devil's helmet or monkshood.

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Acrolein

Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde.

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Acyl azide

Acyl azides are carboxylic acid derivatives with the general formula RCON3.

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Acyl group

An acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids.

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Acylal

Acylals in organic chemistry are a group of chemical compounds sharing a functional group with the general structure RCH(OOCR)2.

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Adduct

An adduct (from the Latin adductus, "drawn toward" alternatively, a contraction of "addition product") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components.

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Adephaga

The Adephaga (from Greek ἀδηφάγος, adephagos, "gluttonous"), with more than 40,000 recorded species in 10 families, are a suborder of highly specialized beetles and the second-largest suborder of the order Coleoptera.

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Aflatoxin total synthesis

Aflatoxin total synthesis concerns the total synthesis of a group of organic compounds called aflatoxins.

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Aging of wine

The aging of wine (American spelling) or ageing of wine (British spelling) is potentially able to improve the quality of wine.

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Air freshener

Air fresheners are consumer products used in homes, or commercial products used in restrooms, that typically emit fragrance.

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Akabori amino-acid reaction

There are several Akabori amino acid reactions, which are named after Shirō Akabori (jap. 赤堀 四郎) (1900–1992), a Japanese chemist.

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AKR1B1

Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1), also known as aldose reductase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKR1B1 gene.

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Alanine

Alanine (symbol Ala or A) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Albright-Goldman oxidation

The Albright-Goldman oxidation is a name reaction of organic chemistry, first described by the American chemists J. Donald Albright and Leon Goldman in 1965.

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Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a carbon.

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Alcohol (drug)

Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive substance or drug that is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).

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Alcohol (medicine)

Alcohols, in various forms, are used within medicine as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and antidote.

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Alcohol dehydrogenase

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ to NADH).

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Alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor)

In enzymology, an alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are primary alcohol and acceptor, whereas its two products are aldehyde and reduced acceptor.

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Alcohol dehydrogenase (azurin)

Alcohol dehydrogenase (azurin) (type II quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, quinohaemoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase, QHEDH, ADHIIB) is an enzyme with systematic name alcohol:azurin oxidoreductase.

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Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)

In enzymology, an alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are alcohol, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are aldehyde, NADH, NADPH, and H+.

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Alcohol oxidase

In enzymology, an alcohol oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are primary alcohol and O2, whereas its two products are aldehyde and H2O2.

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Alcohol oxidation

Alcohol oxidation is an important organic reaction.

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ALD

ALD or Ald or may refer to.

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Aldaric acid

Aldaric acids are a group of sugar acids, where the terminal hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of the sugars have been replaced by terminal carboxylic acids, and are characterised by the formula HOOC-(CHOH)n-COOH.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent)

In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, H2O, and acceptor, whereas its two products are carboxylate and reduced acceptor.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)

In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 4 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, NAD+, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are acid, NADH, NADPH, and H+.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)

In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are acid, NADH, and H+.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)

In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are acid, NADPH, and H+.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone)

In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, acceptor, and H2O, whereas its two products are carboxylate and reduced acceptor.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH3A1 gene.

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Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase

In enzymology, an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor.

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Aldehyde oxidase

Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a metabolizing enzyme, located in the cytosolic compartment of tissues in many organisms.

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Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead domain

The aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain.

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Aldehyde tag

The aldehyde tag is a short peptide tag which can be introduced into fusion proteins and by subsequent treatment with the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) a reactive aldehyde group is generated for further coupling.

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ALDH1A1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1, also known as ALDH1A1 or retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH1A1 gene.

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ALDH7A1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1, also known as ALDH7A1 or antiquitin, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH7A1 gene.

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Aldimine

In organic chemistry, an aldimine is an imine that is an analog of an aldehyde.

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Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1

Alcohol dehydrogenase also known as aldehyde reductase or aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKR1A1 gene.

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Aldohexose

An aldohexose is a hexose with an aldehyde group on one end.

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Aldol

An aldol or aldol adduct (from "Aldehyde alcohol") is a hydroxy ketone or aldehyde, and is the product of aldol addition (as opposed to aldol condensation, which produces an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety).

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Aldol condensation

An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which an enol or an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone.

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Aldol reaction

The aldol reaction is a means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry.

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Aldol–Tishchenko reaction

The Aldol–Tishchenko reaction is a tandem reaction involving an aldol reaction and a Tishchenko reaction.

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Aldonic acid

An aldonic acid is any of a family of sugar acids obtained by oxidation of the aldehyde functional group of an aldose to form a carboxylic acid functional group.

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Aldose

An aldose is a monosaccharide (a simple sugar) with a carbon backbone chain with a carbonyl group on the endmost carbon atom, making it an aldehyde, and hydroxyl groups connected to all the other carbon atoms.

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Alexander Borodin

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (a; 12 November 183327 February 1887) was a Russian Romantic composer of Georgian-Russian origin, as well as a doctor and chemist.

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Alfred Wöhlk

Alfred Wöhlk, also: Woehlk, Wøhlk, (1868–1949) was a Danish chemist and pharmacist.

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Aliivibrio fischeri

Aliivibrio fischeri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium found globally in marine environments.

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Alkali metal

The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, natrium and kalium; these are still the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian.

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Alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor)

In enzymology, an alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are primary alcohol and acceptor, whereas its two products are aldehyde and reduced acceptor.

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Alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked)

In enzymology, an alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are RCHO, reduced FMN, and O2, whereas its 4 products are RCOOH, FMN, H2O, and hn.

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Alkane

In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon.

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Alkanesulfonate monooxygenase

In enzymology, an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are alkanesulfonate (R-CH2-SO3H), FMNH2, and O2, whereas its 4 products are aldehyde, FMN, sulfite, and H2O.

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Alkenal

An Alkenal, is an aldehyde of an alkene.

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Alkene

In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond.

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Alkenylglycerophosphocholine hydrolase

In enzymology, an alkenylglycerophosphocholine hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and H2O, whereas its two products are aldehyde and sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.

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Alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine hydrolase

In enzymology, an alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and H2O, whereas its two products are aldehyde and sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.

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Alkoxide

An alkoxide is the conjugate base of an alcohol and therefore consists of an organic group bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom.

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Alkyl nitrites

Alkyl nitrites are a group of chemical compounds based upon the molecular structure R-ONO.

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Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution

Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution in organic chemistry is the organic reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to imines.

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Alkyne

In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond.

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Allyltrichlorosilane

Allyltrichlorosilane is an organosilicon compound with the formula Cl3SiCH2CH.

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Alniditan

Alniditan is a 5-HT1D receptor agonist with migraine-preventative effects.

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Alpha hydroxy acid

α-Hydroxy acids, or alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.

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Alpha-ketol rearrangement

The α-ketol rearrangement is the acid-, base-, or heat-induced 1,2-migration of an alkyl or aryl group in an α-hydroxy ketone or aldehyde to give an isomeric product.

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Aluminium borohydride

Aluminium borohydride, also known as aluminium tetrahydroborate, (in American English, aluminum borohydride and aluminum tetrahydroborate, respectively) is the chemical compound with the formula Al(BH4)3.

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Aluminium chloride

Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is the main compound of aluminium and chlorine.

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Aluminium hydride

Aluminium hydride (also known as alane or alumane) is an inorganic compound with the formula AlH3.

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Aluminium isopropoxide

Aluminium isopropoxide is the chemical compound usually described with the formula Al(O-i-Pr)3, where i-Pr is the isopropyl group (–CH(CH3)2).

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Aluminium triethoxide

Aluminium triethoxide is a reducing agent that exists as a white powder under room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure.

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Amide

An amide (or or), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RnE(O)xNR′2 (R and R′ refer to H or organic groups).

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Amide reduction

Amide reduction is a reaction in organic synthesis where an amide is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde functional group.

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Aminal

An aminal or aminoacetal is a functional group or type of organic compound that has two amine groups attached to the same carbon atom: -C(NR2)(NR2)-.

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Amine

In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.

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Amine dehydrogenase

Amine Dehydrogenase, also known as methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), is a tryptophan tryptophylquinone-dependent (TTQ-dependent) enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of a primary amine to an aldehyde and ammonia.

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Amine oxidase

An amine oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of alkylamines into aldehydes and ammonia: Amine oxidases are divided into two subfamilies based on the cofactor they contain.

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Amine oxidase (copper-containing)

Amine oxidase (copper-containing) (AOC) (and; formerly) is a family of amine oxidase enzymes which includes both primary-amine oxidase and diamine oxidase; these enzymes catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of biogenic amines including many neurotransmitters, histamine and xenobiotic amines.

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Amine oxide

An amine oxide, also known as amine-N-oxide and N-oxide, is a chemical compound that contains the functional group R3N+−O−, an N−O coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or hydrocarbon side chains attached to N. Sometimes it is written as R3N→O or, wrongly, as R3N.

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Ammonium dichromate

Ammonium dichromate is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2Cr2O7.

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Ammonium formate

Ammonium formate, NH4HCO2, is the ammonium salt of formic acid.

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Ammoxidation

In chemistry, ammoxidation is an industrial process for the production of nitriles using ammonia and oxygen.

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Anaerobic digestion

Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen.

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Angeli–Rimini reaction

The Angeli–Rimini reaction is an organic reaction between an aldehyde and the sulfonamide N-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide in presence of base forming an hydroxamic acid.

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Aniline acetate test

The aniline acetate test is a chemical test for the presence of certain carbohydrates, in which they are converted to furfural with hydrochloric acid, which reacts with aniline acetate to produce a bright pink color.

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Anionic addition polymerization

Anionic addition polymerization is a form of chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization that involves the polymerization of vinyl monomers with strong electronegative groups.

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Anomer

An anomer is a type of geometric variation found in at certain atoms in carbohydrate molecules.

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AOC2

Amine oxidase, copper containing 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AOC2 gene.

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AP site

In biochemistry and molecular genetics, an AP site (apurinic/apyrimidinic site), also known as an abasic site, is a location in DNA (also in RNA but much less likely) that has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base, either spontaneously or due to DNA damage.

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Applied spectroscopy

Applied spectroscopy is the application of various spectroscopic methods for detection and identification of different elements/compounds in solving problems in the fields of forensics, medicine, oil industry, atmospheric chemistry, pharmacology, etc.

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Apricot

An apricot is a fruit, or the tree that bears the fruit, of several species in the genus Prunus (stone fruits).

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Arabinose

Arabinose is an aldopentose – a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde (CHO) functional group.

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Aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin)

Aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin) (aromatic amine dehydrogenase, arylamine dehydrogenase, tyramine dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with the systematic name aralkylamine:azurin oxidoreductase (deaminating).

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Arctoscopus japonicus

Arctoscopus japonicus, the sailfin sandfish or Japanese sandfish, is a species of fish of the Percomorpha (perch-like) clade in the order Trachiniformes, being one of the two genera in the family Trichodontidae, the sandfishes.

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Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy uses plant materials and aromatic plant oils, including essential oils, and other aroma compounds for improving psychological or physical well-being.

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Aromatic alcohol

In organic chemistry, the aromatic alcohols or aryl-alcohols are a class of chemical compounds containing a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group, in contrast to the benzyl alcohol, where the hydroxyl group is bonded indirectly to an aromatic carbon atom.

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Aromatization

Aromatization is a chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed.

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Arpège

Arpège is a 1927 perfume by Lanvin.

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Arrow pushing

Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms.

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Artemisia annua

Artemisia annua, also known as sweet wormwood, sweet annie, sweet sagewort, annual mugwort or annual wormwood, is a common type of wormwood native to temperate Asia, but naturalized in many countries including scattered parts of North America.

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Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase

In enzymology, an aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are aromatic alcohol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are aromatic aldehyde, NADH, and H+.

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Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)

In enzymology, an aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are aromatic alcohol and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are aromatic aldehyde, NADPH, and H+.

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Aryl-alcohol oxidase

In enzymology, an aryl-alcohol oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are aromatic primary alcohol and O2, whereas its two products are aromatic aldehyde and H2O2.

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Aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, an aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aromatic aldehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are aromatic acid, NADH, and H+.

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Aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)

In enzymology, an aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 5 substrates of this enzyme are aromatic aldehyde, NADP+, AMP, diphosphate, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are aromatic acid, NADPH, H+, and ATP.

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Aryl-aldehyde oxidase

In enzymology, an aryl-aldehyde oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aromatic aldehyde, O2, and H2O, whereas its two products are aromatic carboxylic acid and H2O2.

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Ascaridole

Ascaridole is a natural organic compound classified as a bicyclic monoterpene that has an unusual bridging peroxide functional group.

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Aspartame

Aspartame (APM) is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages.

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Asthma

Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.

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Astrochemistry

Astrochemistry is the study of the abundance and reactions of molecules in the Universe, and their interaction with radiation.

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Asymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydes

Asymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydes is a chemical reaction in enantioselective synthesis that reacts an alkenylmetal with an aldehyde to give an allyl alcohol (Figure "Asymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydes").

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Asymmetric addition of alkynylzinc compounds to aldehydes

The asymmetric addition of alkynylzinc compounds to aldehydes is an example of a Nef synthesis, a chemical reaction whereby a chiral propargyl alcohol is prepared from a terminal alkyne and an aldehyde.

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Asymmetric addition of dialkylzinc compounds to aldehydes

In asymmetric addition of dialkylzinc compounds to aldehydes dialkyl zinc compounds can be used to perform asymmetric additions to aldehydes, generating substituted alcohols as products (See Barbier reaction).

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Asymmetric induction

Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment.

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Asymmetric nucleophilic epoxidation

Nucleophilic epoxidation is the formation of epoxides from electron-deficient double bonds through the action of nucleophilic oxidants.

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Auxochrome

An auxochrome (from Ancient Greek auxanō "increase" and chrōma "colour") is a group of atoms attached to a chromophore which modifies the ability of that chromophore to absorb light.

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Avobenzone

Avobenzone (trade names Parsol 1789, Milestab 1789, Eusolex 9020, Escalol 517, Neo Heliopan 357 and others, INCI Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane) is an oil-soluble ingredient used in sunscreen products to absorb the full spectrum of UVA rays.

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Azane

Azanes are acyclic, saturated hydronitrogens, which means that they consist only of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms and all bonds are single bonds.

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Azomethine ylide

Azomethine ylides are nitrogen-based 1,3-dipoles, consisting of an iminium ion next to a carbanion.

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Étard reaction

The Étard reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the direct oxidation of an aromatic or heterocyclic bound methyl group to an aldehyde using chromyl chloride.

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Banert cascade

The Banert cascade is an organic reaction in which an NH-1,2,3-triazole is prepared from a propargyl halide or sulfate and sodium azide in a dioxane- water mixture at elevated temperatures.

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Baudisch reaction

In organic chemistry, the Baudisch reaction is a process for the synthesis of nitrosophenols using metal ions.

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Büchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck reaction

The Buchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck reaction is the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with aliphatic diazoalkanes to form homologated ketones.

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Bürgi–Dunitz angle

The Bürgi–Dunitz angle (BD angle) is one of two angles that fully define the geometry of "attack" (approach via collision) of a nucleophile on a trigonal unsaturated center in a molecule, originally the carbonyl center in an organic ketone, but now extending to aldehyde, ester, and amide carbonyls, and to alkenes (olefins) as well.

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Beer chemistry

The chemical compounds in beer give it a distinctive taste, smell and appearance.

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Beetle

Beetles are a group of insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Endopterygota.

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Benary reaction

The Benary reaction is an organic reaction.

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Benedict's reagent

Benedict's reagent (often called Benedict's qualitative solution or Benedict's solution) is a chemical reagent named after American chemist Stanley Rossiter Benedict.

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Benzaldehyde

Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent.

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Benzoin condensation

The benzoin condensation is a reaction (often called a condensation reaction, for historical reasons) between two aromatic aldehydes, particularly benzaldehyde.

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Benzylamine

Benzylamine is an organic chemical compound with the condensed structural formula C6H5CH2NH2 (sometimes abbreviated as PhCH2NH2 or BnNH2).

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Bergamot essential oil

Bergamot essential oil is a cold-pressed essential oil produced by cells inside the rind of a bergamot orange fruit.

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Bergmann degradation

The Bergmann degradation is a series of chemical reactions designed to remove a single amino acid from the carboxylic acid (C-terminal) end of a peptide.

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Beta-Hydride elimination

β-Hydride elimination is a reaction in which an alkyl group bonded to a metal centre is converted into the corresponding metal-bonded hydride and an alkene.

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Betti reaction

The Betti reaction is a chemical addition reaction of aldehydes, primary aromatic amines and phenols producing α-aminobenzylphenols.

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Bifunctional

In organic chemistry, when a single organic molecule has two different functional groups, it is called bifunctional.

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Biginelli reaction

The Biginelli reaction is a multiple-component chemical reaction that creates 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones 4 from ethyl acetoacetate 1, an aryl aldehyde (such as benzaldehyde 2), and urea 3.

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Biochemistry

Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

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Bioconjugation

Bioconjugation is a chemical strategy to form a stable covalent link between two molecules, at least one of which is a biomolecule.

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Biogenic amine

A biogenic amine is a biogenic substance with one or more amine groups.

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Bioluminescent bacteria

Bioluminescent bacteria are light-producing bacteria that are predominantly present in sea water, marine sediments, the surface of decomposing fish and in the gut of marine animals.

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Biomolecule

A biomolecule or biological molecule is a loosely used term for molecules and ions that are present in organisms, essential to some typically biological process such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.

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Bioorthogonal chemical reporter

In chemical biology, bioorthogonal chemical reporter is a non-native chemical functionality that is introduced into the naturally occurring biomolecules of a living system, generally through metabolic or protein engineering.

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Bioorthogonal chemistry

The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes.

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Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.

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Biotinylation

In biochemistry, biotinylation is the process of covalently attaching biotin to a protein, nucleic acid or other molecule.

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Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP; dioctyl phthalate, DOP) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2.

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Bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide

Bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula ((CH3)3Si)2S.

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Bischler–Napieralski reaction

The Bischler–Napieralski reaction is an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that allows for the cyclization of β-arylethylamides or β-arylethylcarbamates.

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Blue bottle experiment

The blue bottle experiment is a chemical reaction.

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Bodroux–Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis

The Bodroux–Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis is a chemical reaction whereby a Grignard reagent is converted to an aldehyde one carbon longer.

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Borane tert-butylamine

Borane tert-butylamine (TBAB) is an amine borane complex derived from ''tert''-butylamine and borane.

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Boranes

Boranes are a large group of group-13 hydride compounds that have the generic formula BxHy.

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Borinic acid

Borinic acid, also known as boronous acid, is an oxyacid of boron with formula.

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Borrowing hydrogen

Borrowing hydrogen catalysis, also called hydrogen autotransfer, is an important catalytic concept.

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Bourgeonal

Bourgeonal is an aromatic aldehyde used in perfumery.

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Bouveault aldehyde synthesis

The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis (also known as the Bouveault reaction) is a one-pot substitution reaction that replaces an alkyl or aryl halide with a formyl group using a N,N-disubstituted formamide.

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Brazilian hair straightening

Brazilian hair straightening is a semi-permanent hair straightening method done by temporarily sealing a liquid keratin and a preservative solution into the hair with a hair iron.

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Bromine water

Bromine water is a highly oxidizing intense yellow to red mixture containing diatomic bromine (Br2) dissolved in water (H2O).

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Bucherer–Bergs reaction

The Bucherer–Bergs reaction is the chemical reaction of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) or cyanohydrins with ammonium carbonate and potassium cyanide to give hydantoins.

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Butyraldehyde

Butyraldehyde, also known as butanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)2CHO.

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C3H6O

The molecular formula C3H6O may refer to.

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Caesium acetate

Caesium acetate or cesium acetate is an ionic caesium compound with the molecular formula CH3CO2Cs.

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Calciseptine

Calciseptine (CaS) is a natural neurotoxin isolated from the black mamba Dendroaspis p. polylepis venom.

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Calcium hypochlorite

Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula2.

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Calixarene

A calixarene is a macrocycle or cyclic oligomer based on a hydroxyalkylation product of a phenol and an aldehyde.

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Calostomal

Calostomal is an organic compound that has a carboxylic acid and an aldehyde group.

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Campden tablet

Campden tablets (potassium or sodium metabisulfite) are a sulfur-based product that is used primarily to sterilize wine, cider and in beer making to kill bacteria and to inhibit the growth of most wild yeast: this product is also used to eliminate both free chlorine and the more stable form, chloramine, from water solutions (e.g., drinking water from municipal sources).

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Cancer stem cell

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample.

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Cannizzaro reaction

The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a chemical reaction that involves the base-induced disproportionation of a non-enolizable aldehyde.

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Capnellene

Capnellene is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon derived from Capnella imbricata, a species of soft coral found in Indonesia.

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Carbocatalysis

Carbocatalysis is a form of catalysis that uses heterogeneous carbon materials for the transformation or synthesis of organic or inorganic substrates.

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Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).

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Carbohydrate dehydrogenase

Carbohydrate dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the conversion from a carbohydrate to an aldehyde, lactone, or ketose.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.

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Carbon–oxygen bond

A carbon–oxygen bond is a polar covalent bond between carbon and oxygen.

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Carbonyl alpha-substitution reactions

Alpha-substitution reactions occur at the position next to the carbonyl group, the α-position, and involve the substitution of an α hydrogen atom by an electrophile, E, through either an enol or enolate ion intermediate.

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Carbonyl group

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C.

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Carbonyl reduction

In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the organic reduction of any carbonyl group by a reducing agent.

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Carbonylation

Carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide into organic and inorganic substrates.

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Carboxylate reductase

In enzymology, a carboxylate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, acceptor, and H2O, whereas its two products are carboxylate and reduced acceptor.

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Carboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(.

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Carcerand

A carcerand is a host molecule that completely entraps its guest so that it will not escape even at high temperatures.

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Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.

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Cardiac glycoside

Cardiac glycosides are a class of organic compounds that increase the output force of the heart and decrease its rate of contractions by acting on the cellular sodium-potassium ATPase pump.

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Carnosine

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), featuring the characteristic Imidazole-ring, is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine.

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Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.

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Catalyst poisoning

Catalyst poisoning refers to the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst.

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CBR1

Carbonyl reductase 1, also known as CBR1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the CBR1 gene.

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Chanel No. 22

Chanel No.

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Channelrhodopsin

Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels.

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Charles Adolphe Wurtz

Charles Adolphe Wurtz (26 November 1817 – 10 May 1884) was an Alsatian French chemist.

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Charlie (fragrance)

Charlie is a line of women's and men's fragrances produced by the American cosmetic and perfume house Revlon.

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Cheesemaking

Cheesemaking (or caseiculture) is the craft of making cheese, which dates back at least 5,000 years.

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Chemical process of decomposition

Decomposition in animals is a process that begins immediately after death and involves the destruction of soft tissue, leaving behind skeletonized remains.

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Chemical substance

A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.

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Chemical test

In chemistry, a chemical test is a qualitative or quantitative procedure designed to identify, quantify, or characterise a chemical compound or chemical group.

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Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

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Chichibabin pyridine synthesis

The Chichibabin pyridine synthesis is a method for synthesizing pyridine rings.

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Chiral auxiliary

A chiral auxiliary is a stereogenic group or unit that is temporarily incorporated into an organic compound in order to control the stereochemical outcome of the synthesis.

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Chiral Lewis acid

Chiral Lewis acids (CLAs) are a type of Lewis acid catalyst that effects the chirality of the substrate as it reacts with it.

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Chloral

Chloral, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde or trichloroethanal, is the organic compound with the formula Cl3CCHO.

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Chloroform

Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3.

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Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.

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Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll a is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs most energy from wavelengths of violet-blue and orange-red light. It also reflects green-yellow light, and as such contributes to the observed green color of most plants. This photosynthetic pigment is essential for photosynthesis in eukaryotes, cyanobacteria and prochlorophytes because of its role as primary electron donor in the electron transport chain. Chlorophyll a also transfers resonance energy in the antenna complex, ending in the reaction center where specific chlorophylls P680 and P700 are located.

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Chlorophyll f

Chlorophyll f is a type form of chlorophyll that absorbs further in the red (infrared light) than other chlorophylls.

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CHO

CHO or C.H.O. may refer to.

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Cholesterol total synthesis

Cholesterol total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule cholesterol and is considered a great scientific achievement.

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Chondrite

Chondrites are stony (non-metallic) meteorites that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body.

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Choristoneura fumiferana

Choristoneura fumiferana, the eastern spruce budworm, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae.

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Chromic acid

The term chromic acid is usually used for a mixture made by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a dichromate, which may contain a variety of compounds, including solid chromium trioxide.

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Chromyl chloride

Chromyl chloride is a chemical compound with the formula CrO2Cl2.

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Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, systematically named cinnamaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-cinnamoylating) but commonly referred to by the acronym CCR, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a substituted cinnamoyl-CoA to its corresponding cinnamaldehyde, utilizing NADPH and H+ and releasing free CoA and NADP+ in the process.

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Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol

cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, also known as (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and leaf alcohol, is a colorless oily liquid with an intense grassy-green odor of freshly cut green grass and leaves.

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Cis-3-Hexenal

cis-3-Hexenal, also known as (Z)-3-hexenal and leaf aldehyde, is colorless liquid and an aroma compound with an intense odor of freshly cut grass and leaves.

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Claisen rearrangement

The Claisen rearrangement (not to be confused with the Claisen condensation) is a powerful carbon–carbon bond-forming chemical reaction discovered by Rainer Ludwig Claisen.

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Clathrus ruber

Clathrus ruber is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family, and the type species of the genus Clathrus.

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Cleaning agent

Cleaning agents are substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or granules) used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces.

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Clemmensen reduction

Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones (or aldehydes) to alkanes using zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid.

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Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride

Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride is an organometallic compound with the formula HCo(CO)4.

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Cofactor (biochemistry)

A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity.

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Coffee bean

A coffee bean is a seed of the coffee plant and the source for coffee.

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Coffee roasting

Roasting coffee transforms the chemical and physical properties of green coffee beans into roasted coffee products.

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Colin Raston

Colin Llewellyn Raston AO is a Professor of Chemistry of Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia and the Premier's Professorial Fellow in Clean Technology.

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Collins oxidation

The Collins oxidation is an organic reaction for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes.

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Collins reagent

Collins reagent is the complex of chromium(VI) oxide with pyridine in dichloromethane.

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Comparison of anaerobic and aerobic digestion

The following article is a comparison of aerobic and anaerobic digestion.

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Compounds of oxygen

The oxidation state of oxygen is −2 in almost all known compounds of oxygen.

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Concurrent tandem catalysis

Concurrent tandem catalysis (CTC) is a technique in chemistry which uses multiple catalysts on a single molecule in a one-pot reaction to produce a product otherwise not accessible by a single catalyst.

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Congener (alcohol)

In the alcoholic beverages industry, congeners are substances, other than the desired type of alcohol, ethanol, produced during fermentation.

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Coniine

Coniine refers to a poisonous chemical compound, an alkaloid present in and isolable from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), where its presence has been a source of significant economic, medical, and historico-cultural interest; coniine is also produced by the yellow pitcher plant (Sarracenia flava), and fool's parsley (Aethusa cynapium).

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Conjugated microporous polymer

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a sub-class of porous materials that are related to structures such as zeolites, metal-organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks, but are amorphous in nature, rather than crystalline.

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Cool flame

Cold fire is a fire having maximal temperature below about.

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Corey–Fuchs reaction

The Corey–Fuchs reaction, also known as the Ramirez–Corey–Fuchs reaction, is a series of chemical reactions designed to transform an aldehyde into an alkyne.

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Corey–Kim oxidation

The Corey–Kim oxidation is an oxidation reaction used to synthesise aldehydes and ketones from primary and secondary alcohols.

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Coriander

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), also known as cilantro or Chinese parsley, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae.

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Cornforth reagent

The Cornforth reagent or pyridinium dichromate (PDC) is a pyridinium salt of dichromate with the chemical formula 2.

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Creighton process

The Creighton process involves the hydrogenation of a 6 carbon chain alcohol.

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Criegee oxidation

The Criegee oxidation is a glycol cleavage reaction in which vicinal diols are oxidized to form ketones and aldehydes using lead tetraacetate.

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Crosslinking of DNA

In genetics, crosslinking of DNA occurs when various exogenous or endogenous agents react with two nucleotides of DNA, forming a covalent linkage between them.

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Crotonaldehyde

Crotonaldehyde is a chemical compound with the formula CH3CH.

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Crotyl

A crotyl group is an organic functional group with the formula RCH2CH.

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Cucumber

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae.

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Cucurbituril

Cucurbiturils are macrocyclic molecules made of glycoluril (.

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Cyanohydrin

A cyanohydrin is a functional group found in organic compounds in which a cyano and a hydroxy group are attached to the same carbon atom.

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Cyanohydrin reaction

A cyanohydrin reaction is an organic chemical reaction by an aldehyde or ketone with a cyanide anion or a nitrile to form a cyanohydrin.

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Cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl

Cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl or (C4H4)Fe(CO)3 is an organoiron compound with the formula Fe(C4H4)(CO)3.

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Cys/Met metabolism PLP-dependent enzyme family

In molecular biology, the Cys/Met metabolism PLP-dependent enzyme family is a family of proteins including enzymes involved in cysteine and methionine metabolism which use PLP (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) as a cofactor.

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D-Galacturonic acid

D-Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of D-galactose.

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Dakin oxidation

The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox reaction in which an ortho- or para-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide in base to form a benzenediol and a carboxylate.

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Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis

The Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry is an important third Taxol synthesis published by the group of Samuel Danishefsky in 1996 two years after the first two efforts described in the Holton Taxol total synthesis and the Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis.

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Danishefsky's diene

Danishefsky’s diene (Kitahara diene) is an organosilicon compound and a diene with the formal name trans-1-methoxy-3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene named after Samuel J. Danishefsky.

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Darzens reaction

The Darzens reaction (also known as the Darzens condensation or glycidic ester condensation) is the chemical reaction of a ketone or aldehyde with an α-haloester in the presence of a base to form an α,β-epoxy ester, also called a "glycidic ester".

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Debus-Radziszewski imidazole synthesis

The Debus-Radziszewski imidazole synthesis is an organic reaction used for the synthesis of imidazoles from a dicarbonyl, an aldehyde, and ammonia.

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Decanal

Decanal is an organic compound with the chemical formula C9H19CHO.

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Decarbonylation

Decarbonylation is a type of organic reaction that involves loss of CO.

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Defense in insects

Insects have a wide variety of predators, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, carnivorous plants, and other arthropods.

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Dehydrogenation

Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen from an organic molecule.

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Deoxyribose

Deoxyribose, or more precisely 2-deoxyribose, is a monosaccharide with idealized formula H−(C.

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Derivative (chemistry)

In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction.

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Descriptor (Chemistry)

A descriptor is in chemical nomenclature a prefix placed before the systematic substance name, which describes the configuration or the stereochemistry of the molecule.

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Dess–Martin oxidation

The Dess–Martin oxidation is an organic reaction for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones using Dess-Martin periodinane.

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Dess–Martin periodinane

Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) is a chemical reagent used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones.

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Dextrose equivalent

Dextrose equivalent (DE) is a measure of the amount of reducing sugars present in a sugar product, expressed as a percentage on a dry basis relative to dextrose.

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Dial

Dial may refer to.

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Diarylquinoline

Diarylquinolines (DARQs) is a chemical class of drugs that treat tuberculosis, They target subunit c of mycobacterial ATP synthase, inhibiting the enzyme so mycobacterium tuberculosis cannot synthesise ATP.

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Diazomethane

Diazomethane is the chemical compound CH2N2, discovered by German chemist Hans von Pechmann in 1894.

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Dicobalt octacarbonyl

Dicobalt octacarbonyl is the inorganic compound Co2(CO)8.

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Diethyl azodicarboxylate

Diethyl azodicarboxylate, conventionally abbreviated as DEAD and sometimes as DEADCAT, is an organic compound with the structural formula CH3CH2O2CN.

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Diethyl ether peroxide

Diethyl ether peroxides are a class of organic peroxides that slowly form in diethyl ether upon storage under air, light, or in the presence of metal by autoxidation.

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Diethylphosphite

Diethylphosphite is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (C2H5O)2P(O)H.

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Dihydroartemisinin

Dihydroartemisinin (also known as dihydroqinghaosu, artenimol or DHA) is a drug used to treat malaria.

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Diisobutylaluminium hydride

Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH, DIBAL, DIBAL-H or DIBAH) is a reducing agent with the formula (i-Bu2AlH)2, where i-Bu represents isobutyl (-CH2CH(CH3)2).

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Diisopinocampheylborane

Diisopinocampheylborane is an organoborane that is useful for asymmetric synthesis.

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Dimedone

Dimedone is a cyclic diketone used in organic chemistry to determine whether a compound contains an aldehyde group.

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Dimethyl sulfide

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S.

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Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is a reagent for transferring a dimethylcarbamoyl group to alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl groups forming dimethyl carbamates, usually having pharmacological or pesticidal activities.

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Dimethylformamide

Dimethylformamide is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NC(O)H.

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Dioxolane

Dioxolane is a heterocyclic acetal with the chemical formula (CH2)2O2CH2.

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Diphosphorus tetraiodide

Diphosphorus tetraiodide is an orange crystalline solid with the formula P2I4.

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Disaccharide

A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or bivose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides (simple sugars) are joined by glycosidic linkage.

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Discodermolide

(+)-Discodermolide is a polyketide natural product found to stabilize microtubule.

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Discovery and development of beta-blockers

β adrenergic receptor antagonists (also called beta-blockers or β-blockers) were initially developed in the 1960s, for the treatment of angina pectoris but are now also used for hypertension, congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias.

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Disiamylborane

Disiamylborane (bis(1,2-dimethylpropyl)borane) is an organoborane used in organic synthesis.

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Disinfectant

Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.

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Disodium tetracarbonylferrate

Disodium tetracarbonylferrate is the organoiron compound with the formula Na2.

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Disproportionation

Disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which a compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two different compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation states.

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Dithiol

A dithiol is a type of organosulfur compound with two thiol functional groups.

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DNA-encoded chemical library

DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DEL) is a technology for the synthesis and screening on unprecedented scale of collections of small molecule compounds.

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Dodecahedrane

Dodecahedrane is a chemical compound (C20H20) first synthesised by Leo Paquette of Ohio State University in 1982, primarily for the "aesthetically pleasing symmetry of the dodecahedral framework".

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Doebner reaction

The Doebner reaction is the chemical reaction of an aniline with an aldehyde and pyruvic acid to form quinoline-4-carboxylic acids.

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Dolichodial

Dolichodial is a natural chemical compound with two aldehyde groups, which belongs to the group of iridoids.

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Droplet-based microfluidics

Droplet-based microfluidics manipulate discrete volumes of fluids in immiscible phases with low Reynolds number and laminar flow regimes.

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Drug metabolism

Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems.

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Duff reaction

The Duff reaction or hexamine aromatic formylation is a formylation reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of benzaldehydes with hexamine as the formyl carbon source.

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Ei mechanism

The Ei mechanism (Elimination Internal/Intramolecular), also known as a thermal syn elimination or a pericyclic syn elimination, in organic chemistry is a special type of elimination reaction in which two vicinal substituents on an alkane framework leave simultaneously via a cyclic transition state to form an alkene in a ''syn'' elimination.

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Elastic fiber

Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries.

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Electrogalvanization

Electrogalvanizing is a process in which a layer of zinc is bonded to steel in order to protect against corrosion.

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Electron microscope

An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.

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Electrophilic aromatic directing groups

In organic chemistry, an electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG) (+I effect) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance or inductive effects, thus making the π system more nucleophilic.

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Electroplating

Electroplating is a process that uses an electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode.

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Electrosynthesis

Electrosynthesis in chemistry is the synthesis of chemical compounds in an electrochemical cell.

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Elias James Corey

Elias James "E.J." Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist.

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Emil Erlenmeyer

Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer, known in his own day and subsequently simply as Emil Erlenmeyer (28 June 1825 – 22 January 1909), was a German chemist known for contributing to the early development of the theory of structure, formulating the Erlenmeyer rule, and designing the Erlenmeyer flask, a type of chemical flask, which is named after him.

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Enamine

An enamine is an unsaturated compound derived by the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with a secondary amine.

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Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone-alkylation reaction

The Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone alkylation reaction is an asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formation reaction facilitated by pyrrolidine chiral auxiliaries.

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Endiandric acid C

Endiandric acid C, isolated from the tree Endiandra introrsa, is a well characterized chemical compound.

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Engine

An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.

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Enol

Enols, or more formally, alkenols, are a type of reactive structure or intermediate in organic chemistry that is represented as an alkene (olefin) with a hydroxyl group attached to one end of the alkene double bond.

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Enone

An enone, also called an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, is a type of organic compound consisting of an alkene conjugated to a ketone.

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Enzyme inhibitor

4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.

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Epicuticular wax

Epicuticular wax is a coating of wax covering the outer surface of the plant cuticle in land plants.

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Epimerox

Epimerox is an experimental broad-spectrum antibiotic compound being developed by scientists at the Rockefeller University and Astex Pharmaceuticals.

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Epothilone

The epothilones are a class of potential cancer drugs.

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Ernst Otto Beckmann

Ernst Otto Beckmann (July 4, 1853 – July 12, 1923) was a German pharmacist and chemist who is remembered for his invention of the Beckmann differential thermometer and for his discovery of the Beckmann rearrangement.

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Erythrose

Erythrose is a tetrose sacharide with the chemical formula C4H8O4.

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Ester

In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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Ethanol fuel

Ethanol fuel is ethyl alcohol, the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, used as fuel.

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Ethanol fuel in Brazil

Brazil is the world's second largest producer of ethanol fuel.

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Ether

Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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Ethyl methylphenylglycidate

Ethyl methylphenylglycidate, commonly known as "strawberry aldehyde", is an organic compound used in the flavor industry in artificial fruit flavors, in particular strawberry.

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Ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide, called oxirane by IUPAC, is an organic compound with the formula. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening. Ethylene oxide is isomeric with acetaldehyde and with vinyl alcohol. Ethylene oxide is industrially produced by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of silver catalyst. The reactivity that is responsible for many of ethylene oxide's hazards also make it useful. Although too dangerous for direct household use and generally unfamiliar to consumers, ethylene oxide is used for making many consumer products as well as non-consumer chemicals and intermediates. These products include detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers, and other compounds. Although it is a vital raw material with diverse applications, including the manufacture of products like polysorbate 20 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are often more effective and less toxic than alternative materials, ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. At room temperature it is a flammable, carcinogenic, mutagenic, irritating, and anaesthetic gas. As a toxic gas that leaves no residue on items it contacts, ethylene oxide is a surface disinfectant that is widely used in hospitals and the medical equipment industry to replace steam in the sterilization of heat-sensitive tools and equipment, such as disposable plastic syringes. It is so flammable and extremely explosive that it is used as a main component of thermobaric weapons; therefore, it is commonly handled and shipped as a refrigerated liquid to control its hazardous nature.Rebsdat, Siegfried and Mayer, Dieter (2005) "Ethylene Oxide" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim..

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Ethylenediamine

Ethylenediamine (abbreviated as en when a ligand) is the organic compound with the formula C2H4(NH2)2.

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Ethylvanillin

Ethylvanillin is the organic compound with the formula (C2H5O)(HO)C6H3CHO.

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Ethynyl radical

The ethynyl radical (systematically named λ3-ethyne and hydridodicarbon(C—C)) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C≡CH (also written or). It is a simple molecule that does not occur naturally on Earth but is abundant in the interstellar medium.

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EuFOD

EuFOD is the chemical compound with the formula Eu(OCC(CH3)3CHCOC3F7)3, also called Eu(fod)3.

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Evans–Tishchenko reaction

The Evans–Tishchenko reaction is the diastereoselective reduction of β-hydroxy ketones to the corresponding 1,3-anti diol monoesters.

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Evolution of metal ions in biological systems

Evolution of metal ions in biological systems refers to the incorporation of metallic ions into living organisms and how it has changed over time.

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Fatty aldehyde

Fatty aldehydes are aliphatic, long-chain aldehydes which may be mono- or polyunsaturated.

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Favorskii reaction

The Favorskii reaction is the nucleophilic attack of an acetylide on a carbonyl group.In fact this rearrangement is observed when alpha-halogenoketones are reacted with alkoxide bases(RO-) and forms carboxylic acids and/esters.

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Fétizon oxidation

Fétizon oxidation is the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols utilizing the compound silver(I) carbonate absorbed onto the surface of celite also known as Fétizon's reagent first employed by Marcel Fétizon in 1968.

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Fehling's solution

Fehling's solution is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' reagent test.

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Fermentation in winemaking

The process of fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage.

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Ferrocene

Ferrocene is an organometallic compound with the formula Fe(C5H5)2.

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Festuca arundinacea

Festuca arundinacea (syn., Schedonorus arundinaceus and Lolium arundinaceum) is a species of grass commonly known as tall fescue.

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Fischer indole synthesis

The Fischer indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces the aromatic heterocycle indole from a (substituted) phenylhydrazine and an aldehyde or ketone under acidic conditions.

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Fischer oxazole synthesis

The Fischer oxazole synthesis is a chemical synthesis of an oxazole from a cyanohydrin and an aldehyde in the presence of anhydrous hydrochloric acid.

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Fischer projection

The Fischer projection, devised by Hermann Emil Fischer in 1891, is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule by projection.

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Fixation (histology)

In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction.

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Flash-gas (petroleum)

In an oil and gas production, flash-gas is a spontaneous vapor that is produced from the heating or depressurization of the extracted oil mixture during different phases of production.

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Flavin adenine dinucleotide

In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox cofactor, more specifically a prosthetic group of a protein, involved in several important enzymatic reactions in metabolism.

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Fleming–Tamao oxidation

The Fleming–Tamao oxidation, or Tamao–Kumada–Fleming oxidation, converts a carbon–silicon bond to a carbon–oxygen bond with a peroxy acid or hydrogen peroxide.

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Flippin–Lodge angle

The Flippin–Lodge angle is one of two angles used by organic and biological chemists studying the relationship between a molecule's chemical structure and ways that it reacts, for reactions involving "attack" of an electron-rich reacting species, the nucleophile, on an electron-poor reacting species, the electrophile.

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Fluorothreonine transaldolase

In enzymology, a fluorothreonine transaldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-threonine and fluoroacetaldehyde, whereas its two products are acetaldehyde and 4-fluoro-L-threonine.

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Formaldehyde

No description.

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Formaldehyde transketolase

In enzymology, a formaldehyde transketolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-xylulose 5-phosphate and formaldehyde, whereas its two products are glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone.

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Formic acid

Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid.

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Formylation

In biochemistry, the addition of a formyl functional group is termed formylation.

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Formylation reaction

A formylation reaction in organic chemistry refers to organic reactions in which an organic compound is functionalized with a formyl group (-CH.

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Fragrance extraction

Fragrance extraction refers to the separation process of aromatic compounds from raw materials, using methods such as distillation, solvent extraction, expression, sieving, or enfleurage.

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Fragrance wheel

A fragrance wheel, variously called an aroma wheel, a fragrance circle, a perfume wheel or a smell wheel, is a round diagram showing the inferred relationships among olfactory groups based upon similarities and differences in their odor.

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Friedel–Crafts reaction

The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring.

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Friedrich Asinger

Friedrich Asinger (26 June 1907 in Freiland/Niederdonau (Austria); – 7 March 1999 in Aachen) was an Austrian chemist and professor for Technical Chemistry.

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Fukuyama reduction

The Fukuyama reduction is an organic reaction and an organic reduction in which a thioester is reduced to an aldehyde by a silyl hydride in presence of a catalytic amount of palladium.

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Fulvene

Fulvene is one of several hydrocarbons with the same formula as benzene, C6H6.

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Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

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Furfural

Furfural is an organic compound produced from a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust.

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Galactose oxidase

Galactose oxidase (D-galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase, D-galactose oxidase, beta-galactose oxidase; abbreviated GAO, GAOX, GOase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of D-galactose in some species of fungi.

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Galantamine total synthesis

The article concerns the total synthesis of galanthamine, a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

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Galium aparine

Galium aparine, ('aparine' from Greek 'apairo' - “lay hold of” or “seize”) with many common names including cleavers, clivers, "bort", bedstraw, goosegrass, catchweed, stickyweed, stickybud, robin-run-the-hedge, sticky willy, sticky willow, stickyjack, stickeljack, and grip grass, is a herbaceous annual plant of the family Rubiaceae.

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Gamma-Hydroxybutyraldehyde

γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde, also referred to as GHBAL, γ-hydroxybutaldehyde or γ-hydroxybutanal, is a chemical intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) from 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD).

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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample.

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Gattermann reaction

The Gattermann reaction, (also known as the Gattermann formylation and the Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis) is a chemical reaction in which aromatic compounds are formylated by hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a Friedel–Crafts catalyst (e.g. AlCl3).

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Geminal

In chemistry, the descriptor geminal refers to the relationship between two atoms or functional groups that are attached to the same atom.

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Geminal diol

A geminal diol (or gem-diol for short) is any organic compound having two hydroxyl functional groups (-OH) bound to the same carbon atom.

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Geminal halide hydrolysis

Geminal halide hydrolysis is an organic reaction.

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Georg Wittig

Georg Wittig (June 16, 1897 – August 26, 1987) was a German chemist who reported a method for synthesis of alkenes from aldehydes and ketones using compounds called phosphonium ylides in the Wittig reaction.

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Gertrude Maud Robinson

Gertrude Maud Robinson (formerly Walsh) was an influential organic chemist most famous for her work on plant pigments; the Piloty-Robinson Pyrrole Synthesis, which is named for her; her syntheses of fatty acids; and her synthesis of δ-hexenolactone,Medawar, P.B.; Robinson, G.M.; Robinson, R. A Synthetic Differential Growth Inhibitor.

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Gewald reaction

The Gewald reaction is an organic reaction involving the condensation of a ketone (or aldehyde when R2.

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Gitoformate

Gitoformate (INN, or pentaformylgitoxin, trade name Dynocard) is a cardiac glycoside, a type of drug that can be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat).

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Glossary of chemistry terms

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of winemaking terms

This glossary of winemaking terms lists some of terms and definitions involved in making wine, fruit wine, and mead.

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Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

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Glucose chain shortening and lengthening

Glucose chain shortening and lengthening refers to the chemical processes for decreasing or increasing the carbon chain length of glucose.

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Glucuronolactone

Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.

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Glutaraldehyde

Glutaraldehyde, sold under the brandname Cidex and Glutaral among others, is a disinfectant and medication.

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Glycal

Glycal is a name for cyclic enol ether derivatives of sugars having a double bond between carbon atoms 1 and 2 of the ring.

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Glyceraldehyde

Glyceraldehyde (glyceral) is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C3H6O3.

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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (abbreviated as GAPDH or less commonly as G3PDH) is an enzyme of ~37kDa that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis and thus serves to break down glucose for energy and carbon molecules.

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Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (a.k.a. glycerone phosphate, outdated) to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.

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Glycine betaine aldehyde

Glycine betaine aldehyde, often simply called betaine aldehyde, is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine.

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Glycol cleavage

Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation.

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Glycolaldehyde

Glycolaldehyde is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2-CHO.

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Glyoxal

Glyoxal is an organic compound with the chemical formula OCHCHO.

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Glyoxalase system

The glyoxalase system is a set of enzymes that carry out the detoxification of methylglyoxal and the other reactive aldehydes that are produced as a normal part of metabolism.

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Glyoxylic acid

Glyoxylic acid or oxoacetic acid is an organic compound.

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Gonyautoxin

Gonyautoxins (GTX) are a few similar toxic molecules that are naturally produced by algae.

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Gossypol

Gossypol is a natural phenol derived from the cotton plant (genus Gossypium).

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Green leaf volatiles

Green leaf volatiles (commonly abbreviated as GLV) are volatile organic compounds that are released when plants suffer tissue damage.

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Grieco three-component condensation

The Grieco three-component condensation is an organic chemistry reaction that produces nitrogen-containing six-member heterocycles via a multi-component reaction of an aldehyde, an aniline, and an electron-rich alkene.

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Grignard reaction

The Grignard reaction (pronounced) is an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl, vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides (Grignard reagents) add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone.

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Grundmann aldehyde synthesis

The Grundmann aldehyde synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces an aldehyde from an acyl halide.

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Guerbet reaction

The Guerbet reaction, named after Marcel Guerbet (1861–1938), is an organic reaction converting a primary aliphatic alcohol into its β-alkylated dimer alcohol with loss of one equivalent of water.

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Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction

The Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction in organic chemistry is a proline catalysed asymmetric aldol reaction.

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Haloform reaction

The haloform reaction is a chemical reaction where a haloform (CHX3, where X is a halogen) is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of a methyl ketone (a molecule containing the R–CO–CH3 group) in the presence of a base.

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Halogen bond

A halogen bond occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a halogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity.

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Haloketone

A haloketone in organic chemistry is a functional group consisting of a ketone group or more generally a carbonyl group with an α-halogen substituent.

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Hammick reaction

The Hammick reaction, named after Dalziel Hammick, is a chemical reaction in which the thermal decarboxylation of α-picolinic (or related) acids in the presence of carbonyl compounds forms 2-pyridyl-carbinols.

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Hantzsch pyridine synthesis

The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis or Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis is a multi-component organic reaction between an aldehyde such as formaldehyde, 2 equivalents of a β-keto ester such as ethyl acetoacetate and a nitrogen donor such as ammonium acetate or ammonia.

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HCO

HCO may refer to.

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Headspace technology

Headspace technology is a technique developed in the 1980s to elucidate the odor compounds present in the air surrounding various objects.

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Heliconius charithonia

Heliconius charithonia, the zebra longwing or zebra heliconian, is a species of butterfly belonging to the subfamily Heliconiinae of the family Nymphalidae.

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Helional

Helional (from heliotropin, from which is it commonly derived) is a chemical compound used as a perfume in soap and laundry detergent.

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Heme

Heme or haem is a coordination complex "consisting of an iron ion coordinated to a porphyrin acting as a tetradentate ligand, and to one or two axial ligands." The definition is loose, and many depictions omit the axial ligands.

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Heme A

Heme A (or haem A) is a heme, a coordination complex consisting of a macrocyclic ligand called a porphyrin, chelating an iron atom.

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Heme O

Heme O (or haem O) differs from the closely related heme A by having a methyl group at ring position 8 instead of the formyl group.

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Hemiacetal

A hemiacetal or a hemiketal is a compound that results from the addition of an alcohol to an aldehyde or a ketone, respectively.

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Hemithioacetal

Hemithioacetal is an organic functional group with the general formula RCH(OH)SR.

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Henri Robert

Henri Robert (1899, Grasse – 1987) is a French perfumer and chemist, he is best known for his role as Chief Perfumer at Les Parfums Chanel from 1953–1978.

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Henry Stephen

Henry Stephen OBE (10 July 1889 – 6 July 1965) was an English chemist who might be best remembered for inventing the Stephen reaction, a way to make aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN).

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Heptanal

Heptanal or heptanaldehyde is an alkyl aldehyde.

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Heptose

A heptose is a monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms.

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Herbert C. Brown

Herbert Charles Brown (May 22, 1912 – December 19, 2004) was an English-born American chemist and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with organoboranes.

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Herbivore adaptations to plant defense

Herbivores are dependent on plants for food, and have coevolved mechanisms to obtain this food despite the evolution of a diverse arsenal of plant defenses against herbivory.

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Herboxidiene

Herboxidiene is a polyketide molecule soluble in polar solvents such as water, ethanol, n-butanol and acetone but insoluble in non-polar molecule such as hexane.

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Heterogeneous gold catalysis

Heterogeneous gold catalysis refers to the catalysis of chemical reactions by gold nanoparticles, typically supported on metal oxide substrates.

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Hexanal

Hexanal, also called hexanaldehyde or caproaldehyde is an alkyl aldehyde used in the flavor industry to produce fruity flavors.

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Hexose

In bio-organic chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula C6H12O6.

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Histidinol dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a histidinol dehydrogenase (HIS4) (HDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-histidinol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are L-histidine, NADH, and H+.

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Homochirality

Homochirality is a uniformity of chirality, or handedness.

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Homologation reaction

A homologation reaction, also known as homologization, is any chemical reaction that converts the reactant into the next member of the homologous series.

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Homologous series

In organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.

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Homoserine dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a homoserine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 2 substrates of this enzyme are L-homoserine and NAD+ (or NADP+), whereas its 3 products are L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde, NADH (or NADPH), and H+.

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Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction

The Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reaction is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry of stabilized phosphonate carbanions with aldehydes (or ketones) to produce predominantly E-alkenes.

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Hugo Schiff

Hugo (Ugo) Schiff (26 April 1834 – 8 September 1915) was an Italian naturalized chemist, German by nationality.

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Humulus lupulus

Humulus lupulus (common hop or hops) is a species of flowering plant in the Cannabaceae family, native to Europe, western Asia and North America.

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Hydrazine

Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written), called diamidogen, archaically.

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Hydrazone

Semihydrazone Hydrazones are a class of organic compounds with the structure.

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Hydroboration–oxidation reaction

In organic chemistry, the hydroboration–oxidation reaction is a two-step organic reaction that converts an alkene into a neutral alcohol by the net addition of water across the double bond.

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Hydroformylation

Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes.

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Hydrogen-bond catalysis

Hydrogen-bond catalysis is a type of organocatalysis that relies on use of hydrogen bonding interactions to accelerate and control organic reactions.

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Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum.

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Hydrosilylation

Hydrosilylation, also called catalytic hydrosilation, describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds.

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Hydroxamic acid

A hydroxamic acid is a class of organic compounds bearing the functional group RC(O)N(OH)R', with R and R' as organic residues and CO as a carbonyl group.

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Hydroxy group

A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.

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Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid

Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid ("HOSA") is the inorganic compound with molecular formula H3NO4S that is formed by the sulfonation of hydroxylamine with oleum.

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Hydroxylammonium sulfate

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (NH3OH)2SO4, is the sulfuric acid salt of hydroxylamine.

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Hydroxymethylfurfural

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), also 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, is an organic compound formed by the dehydration of certain sugars.

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Hyoscine

Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is a medication used to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

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Hyoscyamine

Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine) is a tropane alkaloid.

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Idose

Idose is a hexose, a six carbon monosaccharide.

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Imidazole

Imidazole is an organic compound with the formula C3N2H4.

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Imidazolidine

Imidazolidine is a heterocyclic compound (CH2)2(NH)2CH2.

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Imine

An imine is a functional group or chemical compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond.

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Incense

Incense is aromatic biotic material which releases fragrant smoke when burned.

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Indene

Indene is a flammable polycyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C9H8.

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Index of chemistry articles

Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem), meaning "earth") is the physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.

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Indium(III) fluoride

Indium(III) fluoride or indium trifluoride is the chemical compound composed of indium and fluorine with the formula InF3.

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Indole

Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with formula C8H7N.

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Indole alkaloid

Indole alkaloids are a class of alkaloids containing a structural moiety of indole; many indole alkaloids also include isoprene groups and are thus called terpene indole or secologanin tryptamine alkaloids.

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Indole-3-acetic acid

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 3-IAA) is the most common, naturally occurring, plant hormone of the auxin class.

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Indoor air pollution in developing nations

Indoor air pollution in developing nations is a significant form of indoor air pollution (IAP) that is little known to those in the developed world.

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Indoor air quality

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term which refers to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants.

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Infrared spectroscopy correlation table

An infrared spectroscopy correlation table (or table of infrared absorption frequencies) is a list of absorption peaks and frequencies, typically reported in wavenumber, for common types of molecular bonds and functional groups.

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Ink eraser

An ink eraser is an instrument used to remove ink from a writing surface, more difficult than removing pencil markings.

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Insect morphology

Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects.

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Insect olfaction

Insect olfaction refers to the function of chemical receptors that enable insects to detect and identify volatile compounds for foraging, predator avoidance, finding mating partners (via pheromones) and locating oviposition habitats.

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Integrasone

Integrasone is a polyketide natural product isolated from an unknown fungus that has been shown the inhibit the HIV-1 integrase enzyme.

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Iodine

Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.

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Ionic liquid

An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state.

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Iron(III) nitrate

Iron(III) nitrate, or ferric nitrate, is the chemical compound with the formula Fe(NO3)3.

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Ishikawa reagent

Ishikawa's reagent is a fluorinating reagent used in organic chemistry.

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Isobutyraldehyde

Isobutyraldehyde is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCHO.

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Isomerase

Isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another.

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Isoprene

Isoprene, or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a common organic compound with the formula CH2.

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Isoquinoline

Isoquinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound.

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Isovaleraldehyde

Isovaleraldehyde organic compound, also known as 3-methylbutanal, with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2CHO.

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Issues relating to biofuels

There are various social, economic, environmental and technical issues with biofuel production and use, which have been discussed in the popular media and scientific journals.

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IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

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Ivanov reaction

The Ivanov reaction is the chemical reaction of the dianions (endiolates) of aryl acetic acids (Ivanov reagents) with electrophiles, primarily carbonyl compounds or isocyanates.

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Ivar Karl Ugi

Ivar Karl Ugi (9 September 1930 in Saaremaa, Estonia – 29 September 2005 in Munich) was an Estonian-born German chemist who made major contributions to organic chemistry.

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Jacques Guerlain

Jacques Edouard Guerlain (7 October 1874 – 2 May 1963) was a French perfumer, the third and most famous of the Guerlain family.

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Japp–Maitland condensation

The Japp–Maitland condensation is an organic reaction and a type of Aldol reaction and a tandem reaction.

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Jinhua ham

Jinhua ham is a type of dry-cured ham named after the city of Jinhua, where it is produced, in the Zhejiang province of eastern China.

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Johannes Thiele (chemist)

Friedrich Karl Johannes Thiele (May 13, 1865 – April 17, 1918) was a German chemist and a prominent professor at several universities, including those in Munich and Strasbourg.

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Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction

The Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction (sometimes referred to as the Corey–Chaykovsky reaction or CCR) is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of epoxides, aziridines, and cyclopropanes.

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Julia olefination

The Julia olefination (also known as the Julia–Lythgoe olefination) is the chemical reaction used in organic chemistry of phenyl sulfones (1) with aldehydes (or ketones) to give alkenes (3) after alcohol functionalization and reductive elimination using sodium amalgam or SmI2.

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Jundiz recycling plant

The Jundiz recycling plant is located in the Basque Country (autonomous community), particularly in Vitoria-Gasteiz Jundiz Álava.

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Justus von Liebig

Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and was considered the founder of organic chemistry.

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Kabachnik–Fields reaction

In organophosphorus chemistry, the Kabachnik–Fields reaction is a three-component organic reaction forming α-aminomethylphosphonates from an amine, a carbonyl compound, and a dialkyl phosphonate, (RO)2P(O)H (that are also called dialkylphosphites).

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Kalkitoxin

Kalkitoxin, a lipopeptide derived from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, induces NMDA receptor mediated neuronal necrosis, blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels, and induces cellular hypoxia by inhibiting the electron transport chain (ETC) complex 1.

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Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund

Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund (15 December 1884 – 8 February 1965) was a German chemist.

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Kauffmann olefination

The Kauffmann olefination is a chemical reaction to convert aldehydes and ketones to olefins with a terminal methylene group.

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Kawamoto Kōmin

was a 19th-century Japanese scholar of Rangaku and also a doctor.

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Ketan J. Patel

Ketan Jayakrishna Patel is a scientist and tenured principal investigator at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB).

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Keto–enol tautomerism

In organic chemistry, keto–enol tautomerism refers to a chemical equilibrium between a keto form (a ketone or an aldehyde) and an enol (an alcohol).

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Ketone

In chemistry, a ketone (alkanone) is an organic compound with the structure RC(.

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Khristo Ivanov

Khristo Ivanov (Христо Иванов) (May 3, 1916 – February 16, 2004) was a Bulgarian organic chemist.

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Kiliani–Fischer synthesis

The Kiliani–Fischer synthesis, named for German chemists Heinrich Kiliani and Hermann Emil Fischer, is a method for synthesizing monosaccharides.

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Knoevenagel condensation

The Knoevenagel condensation reaction is an organic reaction named after Emil Knoevenagel.

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Kornblum oxidation

The Kornblum oxidation, named after Nathan Kornblum, is a chemical reaction of a primary halide with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to form an aldehyde.

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Kröhnke pyridine synthesis

The Kröhnke pyridine synthesis is reaction in organic synthesis between α-pyridinium methyl ketone salts and α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds used to generate highly functionalized pyridines.

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Krische allylation

The Krische allylation involves the iridium-catalyzed enantioselective addition of an allyl group to an aldehyde or an alcohol, resulting in the formation of a secondary alcohol and a new carbon-carbon bond.

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Kumquat

Kumquats (or cumquats in Australian English,; Citrus japonica) are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae.

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Kuwajima Taxol total synthesis

The Kuwajima Taxol total synthesis by the group of Isao Kuwajima of the Tokyo Institute of Technology is one of several efforts in taxol total synthesis published in the 1990s.

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Laboratory flask

Laboratory flasks are vessels or containers which fall into the category of laboratory equipment known as glassware.

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Lactarius deterrimus

Lactarius deterrimus, also known as false saffron milkcap or orange milkcap, is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae.

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Lactobacillus reuteri

Lactobacillus reuteri is a Gram-positive bacterium that naturally inhabits the gut of mammals and birds.

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Lactol

In organic chemistry, a lactol is the cyclic equivalent of a hemiacetal or a hemiketal.

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Lactone

Lactones are cyclic esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.

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Lactoylglutathione lyase

In enzymology, a lactoylglutathione lyase (also known as glyoxalase I) is an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of hemithioacetal adducts, which are formed in a spontaneous reaction between a glutathionyl group and aldehydes such as methylglyoxal.

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Lanthanum(III) chloride

Lanthanum chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula LaCl3.

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Laundry detergent

Laundry detergent, or washing powder, is a type of detergent (cleaning agent) that is added for cleaning laundry.

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Lawesson's reagent

Lawesson's reagent, or LR, is a chemical compound used in organic synthesis as a thiation agent.

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Leachate

A leachate is any liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts soluble or suspended solids, or any other component of the material through which it has passed.

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Lead(IV) acetate

Lead(IV) acetate or lead tetraacetate is a chemical compound with chemical formula Pb(C2H3O2)4.

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Lemieux–Johnson oxidation

The Lemieux–Johnson or Malaprade–Lemieux–Johnson oxidation is a chemical reaction in which an olefin undergoes oxidative cleavage to form two aldehyde or ketone units.

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Levuglandin

Levuglandins are reactive aldehydes formed by the spontaneous rearrangement of prostaglandin H (PGH).

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Light-harvesting complex

A light-harvesting complex has a complex of subunit proteins that may be part of a larger supercomplex of a photosystem, the functional unit in photosynthesis.

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Lilial

Lilial (a trade name for lily aldehyde, also known as lysmeral) is a chemical compound commonly used as a perfume in cosmetic preparations and laundry powders, often under the name butylphenyl methylpropional.

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Lindgren oxidation

Lindgren oxidation is a selective method for oxidizing aldehydes to carboxylic acids.

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Linear alpha olefin

Linear alpha olefins (LAO) or normal alpha olefins (NAO) are olefins or alkenes with a chemical formula CxH2x, distinguished from other mono-olefins with a similar molecular formula by linearity of the hydrocarbon chain and the position of the double bond at the primary or alpha position.

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Liquid smoke

Liquid smoke is a water-soluble yellow to red liquid used for flavoring.

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List of chemical compounds with unusual names

Chemical nomenclature, replete as it is with compounds with complex names, is a repository for some very peculiar and sometimes startling names.

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List of coffee chemicals

More than 1,000 chemical compounds in coffee, and their molecular and physiological effects, are areas of active research in food chemistry.

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List of Dutch inventions and discoveries

The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.

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List of enzymes

This page lists enzymes by their classification in the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology's Enzyme Commission numbering system.

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List of German inventors and discoverers

---- This is a list of German inventors and discoverers.

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List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules

This is a list of molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes, grouped by the number of component atoms.

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List of MeSH codes (D02)

This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of organic reactions

Well-known reactions and reagents in organic chemistry include.

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List of reagents

This is a list of inorganic and organic reagents commonly used in chemistry.

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List of UN numbers 1901 to 2000

The UN numbers from UN1901 to UN2000 as assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.

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Lithium aluminium hydride

Lithium aluminium hydride, commonly abbreviated to LAH, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiAlH4.

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Locant

In organic chemistry, a locant is a figure to indicate the position of a functional group within a molecule.

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Loline alkaloid

A loline alkaloid is a member of the 1-aminopyrrolizidines (often referred to as lolines), which are bioactive natural products with several distinct biological and chemical features.

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Long-chain acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase

Long-chain acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (long-chain acyl- reductase, fatty acyl- reductase, acyl- reductase) is an enzyme with systematic name long-chain-aldehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (acyl-(acyl-carrier protein)-forming).

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Long-chain-alcohol oxidase

Long-chain alcohol oxidase is one of two enzyme classes that oxidize long-chain or fatty alcohols to aldehydes.

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Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase

Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (or Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase) is an aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme that in human is encoded in the ALDH3A2 gene on chromosome 17.

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Low-density polyethylene

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from the monomer ethylene.

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Luche reduction

Luche reduction is the selective organic reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones to allylic alcohols with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and lanthanide chlorides, mainly cerium(III) chloride (CeCl3), in methanol or ethanol.

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Lucifer yellow

Lucifer yellow is a fluorescent dye used in cell biology.

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Luciferase

Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes that produce bioluminescence, and is usually distinguished from a photoprotein.

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Lupinine

Lupinine is a quinolizidine alkaloid present in the genus Lupinus (colloquially referred to as lupins) of the flowering plant family Fabaceae.

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Lyxose

Lyxose is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group.

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Magic acid

Magic acid (FSO3H·SbF5) is a superacid consisting of a mixture, most commonly in a 1:1 molar ratio, of fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF5).

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Malate synthase

In enzymology, a malate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, H2O, and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are (S)-malate and CoA.

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Malolactic fermentation

Malolactic fermentation (also known as malolactic conversion or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid.

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Malondialdehyde

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the organic compound with the nominal formula CH2(CHO)2.

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Malononitrile

Malononitrile, also propanedinitrile or malonodinitrile, is a nitrile with the formula CH2(CN)2.

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Maltose

Maltose, also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. An example of this reaction is found in germinating seeds, which is why it was named after malt. Unlike sucrose, it is a reducing sugar.

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Manganate

In inorganic nomenclature, a manganate is any negatively charged molecular entity with manganese as the central atom.

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Manganese dioxide

Manganese(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula.

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Mannich base

A Mannich base is a beta-amino-ketone, which is formed in the reaction of an amine, formaldehyde (or an aldehyde) and a carbon acid.

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Marcel Delépine

Stéphane Marcel Delépine (19 September 1871, in Saint-Martin-le-Gaillard – 21 September 1965) was a French pharmacist and chemist, whose name is associated with the Delépine reaction for the preparation of primary amines.

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Marschalk reaction

The Marschalk reaction is the sodium dithionite promoted reaction of a phenolic anthraquinone with an aldehyde to yield a substituted phenolic anthraquinone after the addition of acid.

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McFadyen–Stevens reaction

The McFadyen–Stevens reaction is a chemical reaction best described as a base-catalyzed thermal decomposition of acylsulfonylhydrazides to aldehydes.

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McMurry reaction

The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to an alkene using a titanium chloride compound such as titanium(III) chloride and a reducing agent.

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Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction

The Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction in organic chemistry is the reduction of ketones and aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols utilizing aluminium alkoxide catalysis in the presence of a sacrificial alcohol.

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Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.

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Metal carbonyl hydride

Metal carbonyl hydrides are complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide and hydride as ligands.

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Metalation

Metalation (Alt. Spelling: Metallation) is a chemical reaction which involves the bonding of a metal atom to what is typically an organic molecule to form a new compound.

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Metal–organic framework

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures.

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Methacrolein

Methacrolein, or methacrylaldehyde, is an unsaturated aldehyde.

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Methanofuran

Methanofuran describes a family of chemical compounds found in methanogenic archaea.

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Methional

Methional is an organic compound with the formula CH3SCH2CH2CHO.

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Methoxymethylenetriphenylphosphine

Methoxymethylenetriphenylphosphine is a Wittig reagent with used as an reagent in the homologization of aldehydes and ketones to extended aldehydes, an organic reaction first reported in 1958.

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Methoxymethylfurfural

Methoxymethylfurfural (MMF), also 5-methoxymethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde, is an organic compound derived from dehydration of sugars and subsequent etherification with methanol.

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Methyl anthranilate

Methyl anthranilate, also known as MA, methyl 2-aminobenzoate, or carbomethoxyaniline, is an ester of anthranilic acid.

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Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate

Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, also commonly called methyl triflate and abbreviated MeOTf, is the organic compound with the formula CF3SO2OCH3.

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Methylglyoxal

Methylglyoxal, also called pyruvaldehyde or 2-oxopropanal, is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CHO.

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Methylglyoxal pathway

The methylglyoxal pathway is an offshoot of glycolysis found in some prokaryotes, which converts glucose into methylglyoxal and then into pyruvate.

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Methylglyoxal synthase

In enzymology, a methylglyoxal synthase is a enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, DHAP, and two products, methylglyoxal and phosphate.

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Methylrhenium trioxide

Methylrhenium trioxide, also known as methyltrioxorhenium, is an organometallic compound with the formula CH3ReO3.

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Meyer–Schuster rearrangement

The Meyer–Schuster rearrangement is the chemical reaction described as an acid-catalyzed rearrangement of secondary and tertiary propargyl alcohols to α,β-unsaturated ketones if the alkyne group is internal and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes if the alkyne group is terminal.

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Meyers synthesis

The Meyers synthesis is an organic synthesis for the preparation of unsymmetrical aldehydes via hydrolysis of an oxazine.

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Michael reaction

The Michael reaction or Michael addition is the nucleophilic addition of a carbanion or another nucleophile to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

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Microfluidics

Microfluidics deals with the behaviour, precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small, typically sub-millimeter, scale at which capillary penetration governs mass transport.

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Migratory insertion

A migratory insertion is a type of reaction in organometallic chemistry wherein two ligands on a metal complex combine.

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Miscibility

Miscibility is the property of substances to mix in all proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration), forming a homogeneous solution.

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Modified aldol tandem reaction

Modified aldol tandem reaction is a sequential chemical transformation that combines aldol reaction with other chemical reactions that generate enolates.

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Modified Wittig-Claisen tandem reaction

Modified Wittig-Claisen tandem reaction is a cascade reaction that combines Wittig reaction and Claisen rearrangement together.

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Molecular Borromean rings

Molecular Borromean rings are an example of a mechanically-interlocked molecular architecture in which three macrocycles are interlocked in such a way that breaking any macrocycle allows the others to disassociate.

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Molybdenum disulfide

Molybdenum disulfide is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur.

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Monarda fistulosa

Monarda fistulosa, the wild bergamot or bee balm,, Edmonton Naturalization Group is a wildflower in the mint family (Lamiaceae) widespread and abundant as a native plant in much of North America.

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Monoamine oxidase

L-Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines.

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Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates.

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Moonshine

Moonshine was originally a slang term for high-proof distilled spirits usually produced illicitly, without government authorization.

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Mozingo reduction

The Mozingo reduction, also known as Mozingo reaction or thioketal reduction, is a chemical reaction capable of fully reducing a ketone or aldehyde to the corresponding alkane.

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Mucobromic acid

Mucobromic acid is an organic compound that consists of a dibrominated alkene with aldehyde and carboxylic acid functional groups.

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Mukaiyama aldol addition

The Mukaiyama aldol addition is an organic reaction and a type of aldol reaction between a silyl enol ether and an aldehyde or formate.

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Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis

The Mukaiyama taxol total synthesis published by the group of Teruaki Mukaiyama of the Tokyo University of Science between 1997 and 1999 was the 6th successful taxol total synthesis.

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Multiple Michael/aldol reaction

Multiple Michael/aldol reaction (or domino Michael/aldol reaction) is a consecutive series of reactions composed of either Michael addition reactions or aldol reactions.

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Muscarine

Muscarine, L-(+)-muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C. dealbata.

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Musgraveia sulciventris

Musgraveia sulciventris is a large stink bug found in Australia, sometimes known as the bronze orange bug but more often "stink bug".

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Musth

Musth or must is a periodic condition in bull (male) elephants, characterized by highly aggressive behavior and accompanied by a large rise in reproductive hormones.

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N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is an organic compound with the chemical formula C13H22N2 whose primary use is to couple amino acids during artificial peptide synthesis.

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N-Butyllithium

n-Butyllithium (abbreviated n-BuLi) is an organolithium reagent.

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N-Formylmethionine

N-Formylmethionine (fMet) is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group.

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N-Formylmethionyl-peptidase

N-formylmethionyl-peptidase ((fMet)-releasing enzyme, formylmethionine aminopeptidase) is an enzyme.

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N-tert-Butylbenzenesulfinimidoyl chloride

N-tert-Butylbenzenesulfinimidoyl chloride is a useful oxidant for organic synthesis reactions.

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Native chemical ligation

Native chemical ligation or NCL is an important extension of the chemical ligation field, a concept for constructing a large polypeptide formed by the assembling of two or more unprotected peptides segments.

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Natural oil polyols

Natural oil polyols, also known as NOPs or biopolyols, are polyols derived from vegetable oils by several different techniques.

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Nebivolol

Nebivolol is a β1 receptor blocker with nitric oxide-potentiating vasodilatory effect used in treatment of hypertension and, in Europe, also for left ventricular failure.

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Nef reaction

The Nef reaction is an organic reaction describing the acid hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary nitroalkane (1) to an aldehyde or a ketone (3) and nitrous oxide (4).

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Nef synthesis

In organic chemistry, Nef synthesis is the addition of sodium acetylides to aldehydes and ketones to yield acetylenic carbinols.

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Neopentyl glycol

Neopentyl glycol (IUPAC name: 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol) is an organic chemical compound.

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Nickel boride

Nickel borides are inorganic compounds with the chemical formula NixBy, where x and y vary.

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Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis

The Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis, published by K. C. Nicolaou and his group in 1994 concerns the total synthesis of Taxol.

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Niementowski quinoline synthesis

The Niementowski quinoline synthesis is the chemical reaction of anthranilic acids and ketones (or aldehydes) to form γ-hydroxyquinoline derivatives.

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Nitrile

A nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group.

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Nitrile reduction

In nitrile reduction a nitrile is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde with a suitable chemical reagent.

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Nitrile rubber

Nitrile rubber, also known as NBR, Buna-N, and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, is a synthetic rubber copolymer of acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene.

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Nitro compound

Nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−2).

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Nitroaldol reaction

The Henry Reaction (also referred to as the nitro-aldol reaction) is a classic carbon–carbon bond formation reaction in organic chemistry.

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Nitroalkane oxidase

In enzymology, a nitroalkane oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are nitroalkane, H2O, and O2, whereas its 4 products are aldehyde, ketone, nitrite, and H2O2.

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Nitromethane

Nitromethane is an organic compound with the chemical formula.

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Nitrophenyl pentadienal

Nitrophenyl pentadienal, nitrophenylpentadienal, NPPD, or METKA (Russian for "mark") colloquially known as "spy dust", is a chemical compound used as a tagging agent by the KGB during the Cold War Soviet Era.

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Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization

Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization is a method of radical polymerization that makes use of an alkoxyamine initiator to generate polymers with well controlled stereochemistry and a very low polydispersity index.

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Nonanal

Nonanal, also called nonanaldehyde, pelargonaldehyde or Aldehyde C-9, is an alkyl aldehyde.

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Noncovalent solid-phase organic synthesis

Noncovalent solid-phase organic synthesis or NC-SPOS is a form of Solid-phase synthesis whereby the organic substrate is bonded to the solid phase not by a covalent bond but by other chemical interactions.

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Nonribosomal peptide

Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.

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Norrish reaction

The Norrish reaction in organic chemistry describes the photochemical reactions taking place with ketones and aldehydes.

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Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation

In chemistry, the Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones is a chemical reaction for the enantioselective hydrogenation of ketones, aldehydes, and imines.

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Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction

The Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction is a nickel/chromium coupling reaction forming an alcohol from the reaction of an aldehyde with an allyl or vinyl halide.

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Nucleophilic acyl substitution

Nucleophilic acyl substitution describe a class of substitution reactions involving nucleophiles and acyl compounds.

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O-Phenylenediamine

o-Phenylenediamine is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2.

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Oak (wine)

Oak is used in winemaking to vary the color, flavor, tannin profile and texture of wine.

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Octadecanal

Octodecanal is a long-chain aldehyde, with the chemical formula C18H36O (also known as stearyl aldehyde).

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Octanal

Octanal is the organic compound, an aldehyde, with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)6CHO.

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Oddy test

The Oddy test is a procedure created at the British Museum by conservation scientist William Andrew Oddy in 1973, in order to test materials for safety in and around art objects.

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Odor

An odor, odour or fragrance is always caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds.

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Odorant-binding protein 2A

Odorant-binding protein 2a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OBP2A gene.

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Old person smell

Old person smell is the characteristic odor of elderly humans.

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Omega oxidation

Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) is a process of fatty acid metabolism in some species of animals.

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One-pot synthesis

In chemistry a one-pot synthesis is a strategy to improve the efficiency of a chemical reaction whereby a reactant is subjected to successive chemical reactions in just one reactor.

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Oppenauer oxidation

Oppenauer oxidation, named after Rupert Viktor Oppenauer, is a gentle method for selectively oxidizing secondary alcohols to ketones.

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OR6A2

Olfactory receptor 6A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR6A2 gene.

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Orange (fruit)

The orange is the fruit of the citrus species ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' in the family Rutaceae.

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Orange oil

Orange oil is an essential oil produced by cells within the rind of an orange fruit (Citrus sinensis fruit).

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Organic nomenclature in Chinese

The Chinese Chemical Society (CCS) lays out a set of rules based on those given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) for the purpose of systematic organic nomenclature in Chinese.

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Organic redox reaction

Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds.

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Organoboron chemistry

Organoborane or organoboron compounds are chemical compounds of boron and carbon that are organic derivatives of BH3, for example trialkyl boranes.

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Organocopper compound

Organocopper compounds in organometallic chemistry contain carbon to copper chemical bonds.

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Organolithium reagent

Organolithium reagents are organometallic compounds that contain carbon – lithium bonds.

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Organomanganese chemistry

Organomanganese chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to manganese chemical bond.

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Organorhenium chemistry

Organorhenium chemistry describes the compounds with Re-C bonds.

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Organoruthenium chemistry

Organoruthenium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to ruthenium chemical bond.

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Organosilicon

Organosilicon compounds are organometallic compounds containing carbon–silicon bonds.

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Organotantalum chemistry

Organotantalum chemistry is the chemistry of chemical compounds containing a carbon-to-tantalum chemical bond.

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Organotellurium chemistry

Organotellurium chemistry in chemistry describes the synthesis and properties of chemical compounds containing a carbon to tellurium chemical bond.

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Organozinc compound

Organozinc compounds in organic chemistry contain carbon to zinc chemical bonds.

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Ortho-Vanillin

ortho-Vanillin (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an organic solid present in the extracts and essential oils of many plants.

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Orthoester

In organic chemistry, an orthoester is a functional group containing three alkoxy groups attached to one carbon atom, i.e. with the general formula RC(OR′)3.

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Oseltamivir total synthesis

Oseltamivir total synthesis concerns the total synthesis of the antiinfluenza drug oseltamivir marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche under the trade name Tamiflu.

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Osmium tetroxide

Osmium tetroxide (also osmium(VIII) oxide) is the chemical compound with the formula OsO4.

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Osteolathyrism

Osteolathyrism is a collagen cross-linking deficiency brought on by dietary over-reliance on the seeds of Lathyrus sativus or grass pea, a legume often grown as a famine crop in Asia and East Africa.

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Otto Roelen

Otto Roelen (22 March 1897 – 30 January 1993) was a German chemist.

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Outline of organic chemistry

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to organic chemistry: Organic chemistry – scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives.

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Oxalyl chloride

Oxalyl chloride is a chemical compound with the formula (COCl)2.

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Oxazoline

Oxazoline is a five-membered heterocyclic chemical compound containing one atom each of oxygen and nitrogen.

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Oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids

The oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids is an important oxidation reaction in organic chemistry.

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Oxidized cellulose

Oxidized cellulose is a water-insoluble derivative of cellulose.

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Oxidoreductase

In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor.

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Oxime

An oxime is a chemical compound belonging to the imines, with the general formula R1R2C.

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Oxo alcohol

Oxo alcohols are alcohols that are prepared by adding carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (usually combined together as synthesis gas) to an olefin to obtain an aldehyde using the hydroformylation reaction and then hydrogenating the aldehyde to obtain the alcohol.

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Oxo-Diels–Alder reaction

An oxo-Diels–Alder reaction (also called an oxa-Diels–Alder reaction) is an organic reaction and a variation of the Diels–Alder reaction in which a suitable diene reacts with an aldehyde to form a dihydropyran ring.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Ozone

Ozone, or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula.

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Ozone cracking

Cracks can be formed in many different elastomers by ozone attack, and the characteristic form of attack of vulnerable rubbers is known as ozone cracking.

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Ozonide

Ozonide is the unstable, reactive polyatomic anion analog of ozone or any of several classes of organic organic peroxide compounds similar formed by the reaction of ozone with an unsaturated compound.

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Ozonolysis

Ozonolysis is an organic reaction where the unsaturated bonds of alkenes, alkynes, or azo compounds are cleaved with ozone.

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P-Anisidine

para-Anisidine (p-anisidine) is an organic compound with the formula CH3OC6H4NH2.

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P-Toluenesulfonic acid

p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO3H.

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Palladium(II) chloride

Palladium(II) chloride, also known as palladium dichloride and palladous chloride, are the chemical compounds with the formula PdCl2.

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Para-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

para-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is an organic compound containing amine and aldehyde moieties which is used in Ehrlich's reagent and Kovac's reagent to test for indoles.

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Paraffin oxidation

Paraffin oxidation is a historical industrial process for the production of synthetic fatty acids.

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Parikh–Doering oxidation

The Parikh–Doering oxidation is an oxidation reaction that transforms primary and secondary alcohols into aldehydes and ketones, respectively.

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Parmigiano-Reggiano

Parmigiano-Reggiano is an Italian hard, granular cheese.

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Passerini reaction

The Passerini reaction is a chemical reaction involving an isocyanide, an aldehyde (or ketone), and a carboxylic acid to form a α-acyloxy amide.

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Peach (fruit)

A peach is a soft, juicy and fleshy stone fruit produced by a peach tree.

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Penicillium camemberti

Penicillium camemberti is a species of fungus in the family Trichocomaceae.

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Pentanal

Pentanal, also called pentanaldehyde or valeraldehyde, is an alkyl aldehyde, molecular formula C5H10O.

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Pentose

A pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms.

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Perillaldehyde

Perillaldehyde, or perilla aldehyde, is a natural organic compound found most abundantly in the annual herb perilla, but also in a wide variety of other plants and essential oils.

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Periodic acid

Periodic acid ("per-iodic") is the highest oxoacid of iodine, in which the iodine exists in oxidation state VII.

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Periodic acid–Schiff stain

Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) is a staining method used to detect polysaccharides such as glycogen, and mucosubstances such as glycoproteins, glycolipids and mucins in tissues.

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Perkin reaction

The Perkin reaction is an organic reaction developed by English chemist William Henry Perkin that is used to make cinnamic acids.

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Permanganate

A permanganate is the general name for a chemical compound containing the manganate(VII) ion,.

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Peroxy acid

A peroxy acid (often spelled as one word, peroxyacid, and sometimes called peracid) is an acid which contains an acidic –OOH group.

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Peroxyacyl nitrates

Peroxyacyl nitrates (also known as Acyl peroxy nitrates, APN or PANs) are powerful respiratory and eye irritants present in photochemical smog.

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Persicaria hydropiper

Water-pepper, water pepper or marshpepper knotweed (Persicaria hydropiper, syn. Polygonum hydropiper) is a plant of the family Polygonaceae.

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Persicaria odorata

Persicaria odorata, known as Vietnamese coriander, is an herb whose leaves are used in Southeast Asian cooking.

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Petasis reaction

The Petasis reaction (alternatively called the Petasis borono–Mannich (PBM) reaction) is the chemical reaction of an amine, aldehyde, and vinyl- or aryl-boronic acid to form substituted amines.

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Peterson olefination

The Peterson olefination (also called the Peterson reaction) is the chemical reaction of α-silyl carbanions (1 in diagram below) with ketones (or aldehydes) to form a β-hydroxysilane (2) which eliminates to form alkenes (3).

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Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis

The Petrenko-Kritschenko reaction is a classic multicomponent-name reactionJie-Jack Li; "Name reactions in heterocyclic chemistry"; 2005 John Wiley & Sons;; pp313 that is closely related to the Robinson–Schöpf tropinone synthesis, but was published 12 years earlier.

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Petroleum

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.

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Pfitzinger reaction

The Pfitzinger reaction (also known as the Pfitzinger-Borsche reaction) is the chemical reaction of isatin with base and a carbonyl compound to yield substituted quinoline-4-carboxylic acids.

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Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation

The Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation, sometimes referred to as simply the Moffatt oxidation, is a chemical reaction for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively.

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Pfl RNA motif

The pfl RNA motif (now called the ZMP/ZTP riboswitch) refers to a conserved RNA structure present in some bacteria and originally discovered using bioinformatics.

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Phenolic content in wine

The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.

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Phenols

In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

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Phenylglyoxal

Phenylglyoxal is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)C(O)H.

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Phenylhydrazine

Phenylhydrazine is the chemical compound with the formula C6H5NHNH2.

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Phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid (also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a mineral (inorganic) and weak acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.

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Photo-oxidation of polymers

Photo-oxidation is the degradation of a polymer surface in the presence of oxygen or ozone.

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Photoredox catalysis

Photoredox catalysis is a branch of catalysis that harnesses the energy of light to accelerate a chemical reaction via single-electron transfer events.

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Phthalaldehyde

o-Phthalaldehyde or ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) is the chemical compound with the formula C6H4(CHO)2.

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Phycotoxin

Phycotoxins (from Greek, phykos, "seaweed"; and toxikon, "toxin") are complex allelopathic chemicals produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic algal secondary metabolic pathways.

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Pictet–Spengler reaction

The Pictet–Spengler reaction is a chemical reaction in which a β-arylethylamine such as tryptamine undergoes ring closure after condensation with an aldehyde or ketone.

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Pietro Biginelli

Pietro Biginelli (25 July 1860 – 15 January 1937) was an Italian chemist, who discovered a three-component reaction between urea, acetoacetic ester and aldehydes (Biginelli reaction).

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Pinacol coupling reaction

A pinacol coupling reaction is an organic reaction in which a carbon–carbon covalent bond is formed between the carbonyl groups of an aldehyde or a ketone in presence of an electron donor in a free radical process.

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Pinnick oxidation

The Pinnick oxidation is an organic reaction by which aldehydes can be oxidized into their corresponding carboxylic acids using sodium chlorite (NaClO2) under mild acidic conditions.

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Piperonal

Piperonal, also known as heliotropin, is an organic compound which is commonly found in fragrances and flavors.

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Pitcher plant

Pitcher plants are several different carnivorous plants which have modified leaves known as pitfall traps—a prey-trapping mechanism featuring a deep cavity filled with digestive liquid.

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Pivaldehyde

Pivaldehyde is an organic compound, more specifically an aldehyde.

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Plasmalogen

There are two types of ether phospholipids, plasmanyl- and plasmenyl-phospholipids.

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Plating

Plating is a surface covering in which a metal is deposited on a conductive surface.

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Poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene oxide)

Poly(2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPPO) is a porous polymer resin based on oxidative polymerisation of 2,6-diphenylphenol.

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Polybutene

Polybutene and polyisobutylene are liquid oligomers widely used as plasticizers for high-molecular weight polymers, such as polyethylene, and as carriers and lubricants.

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Polygodial

Polygodial is an active constituent of Dorrigo Pepper, Mountain Pepper, Horopito, Canelo, Paracress and Water-pepper.

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Polyunsaturated aldehyde

Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are a group of allelopathic chemicals typically associated with diatom-copepod predator-prey interactions.

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Polyvinyl alcohol

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer.

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Porphyrin

Porphyrins (/phɔɹfɚɪn/ ''POUR-fer-in'') are a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (.

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Potassium cyanide

Potassium cyanide is a compound with the formula KCN.

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Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound and medication.

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Potassium peroxymonosulfate

Potassium peroxymonosulfate (also known as MPS, potassium monopersulfate, potassium caroate, and the trade names Caroat and Oxone) is widely used as an oxidizing agent.

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Prins reaction

The Prins reaction is an organic reaction consisting of an electrophilic addition of an aldehyde or ketone to an alkene or alkyne followed by capture of a nucleophile.

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Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

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Propionaldehyde

Propionaldehyde or propanal is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CHO.

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Propynal

Propynal is an organic compound with molecular formula HC2CHO.

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Protein microarray

A protein microarray (or protein chip) is a high-throughput method used to track the interactions and activities of proteins, and to determine their function, and determining function on a large scale.

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Pseudoacid

A Pseudoacid in Organic Chemistry is a cyclic oxocarboxylic acid.

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Ptaquiloside

Ptaquiloside is a norsesquiterpene glucoside produced by bracken ferns (majorly Pteridium aquilinum) during metabolism.

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Pterin

Pterin is a heterocyclic compound composed of a pteridine ring system, with a keto group and an amino group on positions 4 and 2 respectively.

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Pummerer rearrangement

The Pummerer rearrangement is an organic reaction whereby an alkyl sulfoxide rearranges to an α-acyloxy–thioether in the presence of acetic anhydride.

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Purine metabolism

Purine metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms.

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Pyranose

Pyranose is a collective term for saccharides that have a chemical structure that includes a six-membered ring consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.

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Pyrazole

Pyrazole is an organic compound with the formula C3H3N2H.

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Pyridine

Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N.

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Pyridinium chlorochromate

Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is a yellow-orange salt with the formula.

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Pyrimidine

Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine.

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Pyrrole

Pyrrole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH.

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Pyrrolidine

Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)4NH.

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Quelet reaction

The Quelet reaction (also called the Blanc–Quelet reaction) is an organic coupling reaction in which a phenolic ether reacts with an aliphatic aldehyde to generate an α-chloroalkyl derivative.

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Quinine total synthesis

In total synthesis, the quinine total synthesis describes the efforts in synthesis of quinine over a 150-year period.

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Quinoline

Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N.

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Quinoxaline

A quinoxaline, also called a benzopyrazine, in organic chemistry, is a heterocyclic compound containing a ring complex made up of a benzene ring and a pyrazine ring.

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Radical polymerization

Free-radical polymerization (FRP) is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of free-radical building blocks.

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Radical substitution

In organic chemistry, a radical-substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate.

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Rainer Ludwig Claisen

Rainer Ludwig Claisen (14 January 1851 – 5 January 1930) was a German chemist best known for his work with condensations of carbonyls and sigmatropic rearrangements.

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Rancidification

Rancidity is the complete or incomplete oxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, moisture or by bacterial action, resulting in unpleasant taste and odor, which may be described as rancidity.

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Reaction progress kinetic analysis

In chemistry, reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) is a subset of a broad range of kinetic techniques utilized to determine the rate laws of chemical reactions and to aid in elucidation of reaction mechanisms.

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Reactive carbonyl species

Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are molecules with highly reactive carbonyl groups, and often known for their damaging effects on proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

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Redox

Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.

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Reducing sugar

A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent because it has a free aldehyde group or a free ketone group.

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Reductions with samarium(II) iodide

Reductions with samarium(II) iodide involve the conversion of various classes of organic compounds into reduced products through the action of samarium(II) iodide, a mild one-electron reducing agent.

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Reductive amination

Reductive amination (also known as reductive alkylation) is a form of amination that involves the conversion of a carbonyl group to an amine via an intermediate imine.

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Reformatsky reaction

The Reformatsky reaction (sometimes spelled Reformatskii reaction) is an organic reaction which condenses aldehydes or ketones, with α-halo esters, using a metallic zinc to form β-hydroxy-esters: The organozinc reagent, also called a 'Reformatsky enolate', is prepared by treating an alpha-halo ester with zinc dust.

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Resorcinarene

A resorcinarene (also resorcarene or calixresorcinarene) is a macrocycle, or a cyclic oligomer, based on the condensation of resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) and an aldehyde.

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Resorcinol

Resorcinol (or resorcin) is a benzenediol (''m''-dihydroxybenzene).

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Retinal

Retinal is also known as retinaldehyde.

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Rhenium

Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75.

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Ribose

Ribose is a carbohydrate with the formula C5H10O5; specifically, it is a pentose monosaccharide (simple sugar) with linear form H−(C.

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Rive Gauche (perfume)

Rive Gauche is a women's perfume launched by Yves Saint Laurent in 1971.

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Robert Schiff

Robert Schiff (July 25, 1854 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany – 1940 in Massa, Italy) was a German-born, Italian chemist.

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Robinson annulation

The Robinson annulation is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for ring formation.

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Roger Adams

Roger Adams (January 2, 1889 – July 6, 1971) was an American organic chemist.

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Rose May Davis

Rose May Davis (born 17 November 1894) was an American chemist.

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Rosenmund reduction

The Rosenmund reduction is a hydrogenation process in which an acyl chloride is selectively reduced to an aldehyde.

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Roskamp reaction

The Roskamp reaction was first discovered by Eric J. Roskamp and co-workers in 1989.

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Roxibolone

Roxibolone (INN) (developmental code name BR-906), also known as 11β,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-2-carboxylic acid, is a steroidal antiglucocorticoid described as an anticholesterolemic (cholesterol-lowering) and anabolic drug which was never marketed.

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Ruthenium

Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44.

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Ruthenium red

The inorganic dye ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride, also known as ruthenium red, is used in histology to stain aldehyde fixed mucopolysaccharides.

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Ruthenium tetroxide

Ruthenium tetroxide (Ruthenium(VIII) oxide) is the inorganic compound with the formula RuO4.

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Safety of electronic cigarettes

The safety of electronic cigarettes is uncertain.

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Saffron

Saffron (pronounced or) is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the "saffron crocus".

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Samarium(II) bromide

Samarium(II) bromide is a crystalline compound with the chemical formula.

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Samarium(II) iodide

Samarium(II) iodide (SmI2, also known as "Kagan's reagent") is a green solid composed of samarium and iodine, with a melting point of 520 °C where the samarium atom has a coordination number of seven in a capped octahedral configuration.

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Samarium(III) oxide

Samarium(III) oxide (Sm2O3) is a chemical compound.

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Sandworm (Dune)

A sandworm is a fictional creature that appears in the ''Dune'' novels written by Frank Herbert.

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Saratov Oblast

Saratov Oblast (Сара́товская о́бласть, Saratovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Volga Federal District.

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Sarett oxidation

The Sarett oxidation is an organic reaction that oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively, using chromium trioxide and pyridine.

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Saxitoxin

Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin and the best-known paralytic shellfish toxin (PST).

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Schiff test

The Schiff test is an early organic chemistry name reaction developed by Hugo Schiff, and is a relatively general chemical test for detection of many organic aldehydes that has also found use in the staining of biological tissues.

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Schwartz's reagent

Schwartz's reagent is the common name for the chemical compound with the formula (C5H5)2ZrHCl, sometimes called zirconocene hydrochloride or zirconocene chloride hydride, and is named after Jeffrey Schwartz, a chemistry professor at Princeton University.

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Scrubber

Scrubber systems (e.g. chemical scrubbers, gas scrubbers) are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams.

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Scutelleridae

Scutelleridae is a family of true bugs.

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Selenoxide elimination

Selenoxide elimination (also called α-selenation) is a method for the chemical synthesis of alkenes from selenoxides.

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Selinum carvifolia

Selinum carvifolia is a flowering plant of the genus Selinum in the family Apiaceae.

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Seliwanoff's test

Seliwanoff’s test is a chemical test which distinguishes between aldose and ketose sugars.

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Semicarbazide

Semicarbazide is the chemical compound with the formula OC(NH2)(N2H3).

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Semicarbazone

In organic chemistry, a semicarbazone is a derivative of imines formed by a condensation reaction between a ketone or aldehyde and semicarbazide.

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Semipinacol rearrangement

The semipinacol rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry involving a heterosubstituted alcohol of the type R1R2(HO)C–C(X)R3R4.

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Senna tora

Senna tora (originally described by Linnaeus as Cassia tora) is a dicot legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae.

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Sepharose

Sepharose is a tradename for a crosslinked, beaded-form of agarose, a polysaccharide polymer material extracted from seaweed.

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Serine hydroxymethyltransferase

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is a Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (Vitamin B6) dependent enzyme which plays an important role in cellular one-carbon pathways by catalyzing the reversible, simultaneous conversions of L-serine to glycine and tetrahydrofolate (THF) to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-THF).

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Serotonin

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.

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Sex pheromone

Sex pheromones are pheromones released by an organism to attract an individual of the opposite sex, encourage them to mate with them, or perform some other function closely related with sexual reproduction.

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Seyferth–Gilbert homologation

The Seyferth–Gilbert homologation is a chemical reaction of an aryl ketone 1 (or aldehyde) with dimethyl (diazomethyl)phosphonate 2 and potassium tert-butoxide to give substituted alkynes 3.

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Shapiro reaction

The Shapiro reaction or tosylhydrazone decomposition is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an alkene through an intermediate hydrazone in the presence of 2 equivalents of strong base.

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Shell higher olefin process

The Shell higher olefin process is a chemical process for the production of linear alpha olefins via ethylene oligomerization and olefin metathesis invented and exploited by Royal Dutch Shell.

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Sigmatropic reaction

A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one σ-bond is changed to another σ-bond in an uncatalyzed intramolecular process.

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Silver nanoparticle

Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.

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Simmons–Smith reaction

The Simmons–Smith reaction is an organic cheletropic reaction involving an organozinc carbenoid that reacts with an alkene (or alkyne) to form a cyclopropane.

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Smog

Smog is a type of air pollutant.

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Smoke

Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass.

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Smoke inhalation

Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death for victims of fires.

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Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium hydride

Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium hydride (SMEAH; trade names Red-Al, Synhydrid, Vitride) is a complex hydride reductant with the formula NaAlH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)2.

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Sodium bisulfite

Sodium bisulfite (or sodium bisulphite) (sodium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NaHSO3.

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Sodium borohydride

Sodium borohydride, also known as sodium tetrahydridoborate and sodium tetrahydroborate, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBH4.

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Sodium chlorite

Sodium Chlorite (NaClO2) is a chemical compound used in the manufacturing of paper and as a disinfectant.

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Sodium hypochlorite

No description.

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Sodium periodate

Sodium periodate is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.

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Sodium sulfite

Sodium sulfite (sodium sulphite) is a soluble sodium salt of sulfurous acid (sulfite) with the chemical formula Na2SO3.

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Sodium tungstate

Sodium tungstate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2WO4.

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Solvent impregnated resin

Solvent impregnated resins (SIRs) are commercially available (macro)porous resins impregnated with a solvent/an extractant.

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Sommelet reaction

The Sommelet reaction is an organic reaction in which a benzyl halide is converted to an aldehyde by action of hexamine and water.

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Sorbitol

Sorbitol, less commonly known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly.

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Spiropyran

A spiropyran is a type of organic chemical compound, known for photochromic properties that provide this molecule with the ability of being used in medical and technological areas.

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Spirotryprostatin B

Spirotryprostatin B is an indolic alkaloid found in the Aspergillus fumigatus fungus that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines.

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Stainless steel

In metallurgy, stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox from French inoxydable (inoxidizable), is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass.

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Stephen aldehyde synthesis

Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE).

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Sterilization (microbiology)

Sterilization (or sterilisation) refers to any process that eliminates, removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life and other biological agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spore forms, prions, unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as Plasmodium, etc.) present in a specified region, such as a surface, a volume of fluid, medication, or in a compound such as biological culture media.

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Stink bomb

A stink bomb is a device designed to create an unpleasant smell.

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Stork enamine alkylation

The Stork enamine alkylation, involves the addition of an enamine to an alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl acceptor in a process similar to the Michael reaction.

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Strecker amino acid synthesis

The Strecker amino acid synthesis, also known simply as the Strecker synthesis, was discovered by German chemist Adolph Strecker, and is a term used for a series of chemical reactions that synthesize an amino acid from an aldehyde or ketone.

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Strecker degradation

The Strecker degradation is a chemical reaction which converts an α-amino acid into an aldehyde containing the side chain, by way of an imine intermediate.

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Strychnine total synthesis

Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine.

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Succinaldehyde

Succinaldehyde or succindialdehyde is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CHO)2.

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Sucrose

Sucrose is common table sugar.

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Sugar

Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.

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Sugar alcohol

Sugar alcohols (also called polyhydric alcohols, polyalcohols, alditols or glycitols) are organic compounds, typically derived from sugars, that comprise a class of polyols.

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Sulfamic acid

Sulfamic acid, also known as amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid, and sulfamidic acid, is a molecular compound with the formula H3NSO3.

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Sulfur tetrafluoride

Sulfur tetrafluoride is the chemical compound with the formula SF4.

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Sweetness

Sweetness is a basic taste most commonly perceived when eating foods rich in sugars.

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Swern oxidation

The Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde or ketone using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine.

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Syringaldehyde

Syringaldehyde is an organic compound that occurs in trace amounts widely in nature.

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Systemin

Systemin is a plant peptide hormone involved in the wound response in the Solanaceae family.

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Takahashi Taxol total synthesis

The Takahashi Taxol total synthesis published by Takashi Takahashi in 2006 is one of several successful methods in taxol total synthesis.

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Takai olefination

Takai olefination in organic chemistry describes the organic reaction of an aldehyde with a diorganochromium compound to form an alkene.

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Tamejiro Hiyama

Tamejiro Hiyama (born August 24, 1946) is a Japanese organic chemist.

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Tanning (leather)

Tanned leather in Marrakesh Tanning is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather.

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Taste

Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.

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Tebbe's reagent

The Tebbe reagent is the organometallic compound with the formula (C5H5)2TiCH2ClAl(CH3)2.

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TEMPO

(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl or (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl, commonly known as TEMPO, is a chemical compound with the formula (CH2)3(CMe2)2NO.

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Tequila

Tequila is a regional distilled beverage and type of alcoholic drink made from the blue agave plant, primarily in the area surrounding the city of Tequila, northwest of Guadalajara, and in the highlands (Los Altos) of the central western Mexican state of Jalisco.

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Tert-Amyl alcohol

tert-Amyl alcohol (TAA), systematic name: 2-methylbutan-2-ol (2M2B), is a branched pentanol.

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Tert-Butanesulfinamide

tert-Butanesulfinamide is an organosulfur compound and a member of the class of sulfinamides.

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Tessaratomidae

Tessaratomidae is a family of true bugs. It contains about 240 species of large bugs divided into 3 subfamilies and 56 genera. Tessaratomids resemble large stink bugs (family Pentatomidae) and are sometimes quite colorful. Most tessaratomids are Old World, with only three species known from the Neotropics. Some members of Tessaratomidae exhibit maternal care of eggs and offspring. The defensive chemicals of certain species can cause significant damage if they come into contact with human skin; they may also cause temporary blindness. All species are exclusively plant-eaters, some of major economic importance as agricultural pests. A few species are also consumed as human food in some countries.

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Tetrabromomethane

Tetrabromomethane, CBr4, also known as carbon tetrabromide, is a carbon bromide.

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Tetrakis(pyridine)silver(II) peroxydisulfate

Tetrakis(pyridine)silver(II) peroxydisulfate is a chemical compound which contains silver in the rare oxidation state of +2.

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Tetramethyl orthosilicate

Tetramethyl orthosilicate is the chemical compound with the formula Si(OCH3)4.

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Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate

Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP or TPAPR) is the chemical compound described by the formula N(C3H7)4RuO4.

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Tetrose

A tetrose is a monosaccharide with 4 carbon atoms.

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Thallium(III) nitrate

Thallium(III) nitrate, also known as thallic nitrate, is a thallium compound with chemical formula Tl(NO3)3.

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Theories of general anaesthetic action

A general anaesthetic (or anesthetic) is a drug that brings about a reversible loss of consciousness.

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Thermodynamic versus kinetic reaction control

Thermodynamic reaction control or kinetic reaction control in a chemical reaction can decide the composition in a reaction product mixture when competing pathways lead to different products and the reaction conditions influence the selectivity or stereoselectivity.

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Thial

A thial or thioaldehyde is a functional group in organic chemistry which is similar to an aldehyde, RC(O)H, in which a sulfur (S) atom replaces the oxygen (O) atom of the aldehyde (R represents an alkyl or aryl group).

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Thiazole

Thiazole, or 1,3-thiazole, is a heterocyclic compound that contains both sulfur and nitrogen; the term 'thiazole' also refers to a large family of derivatives.

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Thioketal

In chemistry, a thioketal is the sulfur analogue of a ketal, with one of the oxygen replaced by sulfur.

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Threose

Threose is a four-carbon monosaccharide with molecular formula C4H8O4.

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Tin(II) chloride

Tin(II) chloride, also known as stannous chloride, is a white crystalline solid with the formula 2.

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Tishchenko reaction

The Tishchenko reaction is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide.

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Titanium tetrachloride

Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl4.

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Titanocene dicarbonyl

Dicarbonylbis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium is the chemical compound with the formula (η5-C5H5)2Ti(CO)2, abbreviated Cp2Ti(CO)2.

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Tobacco smoke

Cigarette smoke is an aerosol produced by the incomplete combustion of tobacco during the smoking of cigarettes.

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Tollens' reagent

Tollens' reagent is a chemical reagent used to determine the presence of an aldehyde, aromatic aldehyde and alpha-hydroxy ketone functional groups.

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TosMIC

Toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide or TOSMIC is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2CH2NC.

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Tosylhydrazone

A tosylhydrazone in organic chemistry is a functional group with the general structure RR'C.

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Traditional Balsamic Vinegar

Traditional Balsamic Vinegar (or Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale) is a type of balsamic vinegar produced in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy.

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Trametes hirsuta

Trametes hirsuta, commonly known as hairy bracket, is a fungal plant pathogen.

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Trans,cis-2,6-Nonadienal

trans,cis-2,6-Nonadienal is an organic compound that is classified as a doubly unsaturated derivative of nonanal.

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Trans-2-Methyl-2-butenal

trans-2-Methyl-2-butenal is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH.

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Trans-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal

trans-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal is an oxygenated α,β-unsaturated aldehyde found in mammalian blood that gives blood its characteristic metallic odor.

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Transferase

A transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that enact the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor).

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Transketolase

Transketolase encoded by the TKT gene is an enzyme of both the pentose phosphate pathway in all organisms and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.

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Trehalose

Trehalose is a sugar consisting of two molecules of glucose.

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Tributylphosphine

Tributylphosphine is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(CH).

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Triethylene glycol

Triethylene glycol, TEG, or triglycol is a colorless odorless viscous liquid with molecular formula HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH.

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Trifluoromethyl

Trifluoromethyl is a functional group that has the formula -CF3.

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Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane

Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (Ruppert's reagent) is an organosilicon compound with the formula CF3Si(CH3)3.

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Trimethyl orthoformate

Trimethyl orthoformate is the simplest orthoester.

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Trimethylamine N-oxide

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3NO.

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Trimethylsilyl chloride

Trimethylsilyl chloride, also known as chlorotrimethylsilane is an organosilicon compound (silyl halide), with the formula (CH3)3SiCl, often abbreviated Me3SiCl or TMSCl.

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Trimethylsilyl cyanide

Trimethylsilyl cyanide is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)3SiCN.

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Triphenylphosphine

Triphenylphosphine (IUPAC name: triphenylphosphane) is a common organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C6H5)3 - often abbreviated to PPh3 or Ph3P.

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Tris

Tris, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2)3CNH2.

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Truffle

A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean Ascomycete fungus, predominantly one of the many species of the genus Tuber.

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Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation reaction

The Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation reaction is a method for the decarbonylation of aliphatic, aromatic, as well as α,β-unsaturated aldehydes into the corresponding C(sp3)–H or C(sp2)–H bonds.

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Twinwall plastic

Twin-wall plastic, specifically twin-wall polycarbonate, is an extruded multi-wall polymer product created for applications where its strength, thermally insulative properties, and moderate cost are ideal.

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Ugi reaction

The Ugi reaction is a multi-component reaction in organic chemistry involving a ketone or aldehyde, an amine, an isocyanide and a carboxylic acid to form a bis-amide.

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Umpolung

Umpolung or polarity inversion in organic chemistry is the chemical modification of a functional group with the aim of the reversal of polarity of that group.

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Undecanal

Undecanal, also known as undecyl aldehyde, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H21CHO.

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Uracil

Uracil (U) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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UV filter

UV filters are individual compounds or mixtures that block or absorb ultraviolet (UV) light.

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Vaginal lubrication

Vaginal lubrication is a naturally produced fluid that lubricates a woman's vagina.

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Van Leusen reaction

The Van Leusen reaction is the reaction of a ketone with TosMIC leading to the formation of a nitrile.

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Vanillin

Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, which is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3.

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Victor Grignard

François Auguste Victor Grignard (6 May 1871 in Cherbourg – 13 December 1935 in Lyon) was a Nobel Prize-winning French chemist.

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Viktor Meyer

Viktor Meyer (8 September 1848 – 8 August 1897) was a German chemist and significant contributor to both organic and inorganic chemistry.

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Vilsmeier–Haack reaction

The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction (also called the Vilsmeier reaction) is the chemical reaction of a substituted amide (1) with phosphorus oxychloride and an electron-rich arene (3) to produce an aryl aldehyde or ketone (5).

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Vinegar

Vinegar is a liquid consisting of about 5–20% acetic acid (CH3COOH), water (H2O), and trace chemicals that may include flavorings.

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Viniferal

Viniferal is a hydroxystilbenoid with an aldehyde group found in Vitis vinifera (grapevine).

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Vinyl iodide functional group

In organic chemistry, a vinyl iodide functional group (also known as iodoalkenes) is any alkene with an iodide substituent directly bonded to one of the alkene carbons (sp2).

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Visnagin

Visnagin is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C13H10O4 It is a furanochromone, a compound derivative of chromone (1,4-benzopyrone) and furan.

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Visual phototransduction

Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction of the visual system.

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Vitamin A

Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene).

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Vitamin B12 total synthesis

The total synthesis of the complex biomolecule vitamin B12 was first accomplished by the collaborating research groups of Robert Burns Woodward at Harvard and Albert Eschenmoser at ETH in 1972.

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Walter Reppe

Walter Julius Reppe (29 July 1892 in Göringen – 26 July 1969 in Heidelberg) was a German chemist.

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Warmed-over flavor

Warmed-over flavor is an unpleasant characteristic usually associated with meat which has been cooked and then refrigerated.

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Wax

Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.

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Weerman degradation

Weerman degradation, also named Weerman reaction, is a name reaction in organic chemistry.

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Weinreb ketone synthesis

The Weinreb–Nahm ketone synthesis is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry to make carbon–carbon bonds.

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Wender Taxol total synthesis

The Wender Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry describes a Taxol total synthesis (one of six to date) by the group of Paul Wender at Stanford University published in 1997.

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Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig

Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig (6 December 1835 – 19 November 1910) was a German chemist.

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Wilkinson's catalyst

Wilkinson's catalyst, is the common name for chloridotris(triphenylphosphane)rhodium(I), a coordination complex of rhodium with the formula RhCl(PPh3)3 (Ph.

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Will-o'-the-wisp

A will-o'-the-wisp, will-o'-wisp or ignis fatuus (Medieval Latin for "foolish fire") is an atmospheric ghost light seen by travellers at night, especially over bogs, swamps or marshes.

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Willey Glover Denis

Willey Glover Denis (February 26, 1879 – January 9, 1929) was an American biochemist and physiologist.

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William Summer Johnson

William Summer Johnson (February 24, 1913 – August 19, 1995) was an American chemist and teacher.

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Wittig reaction

The Wittig reaction or Wittig olefination is a chemical reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide (often called a Wittig reagent) to give an alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide.

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Wolff rearrangement

The Wolff rearrangement is a reaction in organic chemistry in which an α-diazocarbonyl compound is converted into a ketene by loss of dinitrogen with accompanying 1,2-rearrangement.

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Xylitol

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener.

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Xylose

Xylose (cf. ξύλον, xylon, "wood") is a sugar first isolated from wood, and named for it.

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Ylide

A ylide or ylid is a neutral dipolar molecule containing a formally negatively charged atom (usually a carbanion) directly attached to a heteroatom with a formal positive charge (usually nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur), and in which both atoms have full octets of electrons.

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Ynol

In chemistry, an ynol (or alkynol) is an alkyne with a hydroxyl group affixed to one of the two carbons composing the triple bond.

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Ynone

In organic chemistry, an ynone is an α,β-unsaturated ketone with the structure R1C≡C‒C(.

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Zeaxanthin 7,8-dioxygenase

Zeaxanthin 7,8-dioxygenase (zeaxanthin 7,8(7',8')-cleavage dioxygenase, CsZCD) is an enzyme with systematic name zeaxanthin:oxygen oxidoreductase (7,8-cleaving).

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Zinc cyanide

Zinc cyanide is the inorganic compound with the formula Zn(CN)2.

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Zincke aldehyde

Zincke aldehydes, or 5-aminopenta-2,4-dienals, are the product of the reaction of a pyridinium salt with two equivalents of any secondary amine, followed by basic hydrolysis.

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Zincke reaction

The Zincke reaction is an organic reaction in which a pyridine is transformed into a pyridinium salt by reaction with 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene and a primary amine, named after Theodor Zincke.

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(S)-hydroxynitrile lyase

(S)-hydroxynitrile lyase ((S)-cyanohydrin producing hydroxynitrile lyase, (S)-oxynitrilase, (S)-HbHNL, (S)-MeHNL, hydroxynitrile lyase, oxynitrilase, HbHNL, MeHNL, (S)-selective hydroxynitrile lyase, (S)-cyanohydrin carbonyl-lyase (cyanide forming), hydroxynitrilase) is an enzyme with systematic name (S)-cyanohydrin lyase (cyanide forming).

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(Z)-9-Tricosene

(Z)-9-Tricosene, known as muscalure, is an insect pheromone found in dipteran flies such as the housefly.

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1,2-Benzenedithiol

1,2-Benzenedithiol is the organosulfur compound with the formula C6H4(SH)2.

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1,2-Ethanedithiol

1,2-Ethanedithiol, also known as EDT, is a colorless liquid with the formula C2H4(SH)2.

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1,3,5-Triazine

1,3,5-triazine, also called s-triazine, is an organic chemical compound with the formula (HCN)3.

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1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane

1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane is an organic compound with the formula (CH3NCH2)3.

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1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid

1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3BPG) is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms.

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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a chemical reaction between a 1,3-dipole and a dipolarophile to form a five-membered ring.

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1,3-Propanedithiol

1,3-Propanedithiol is the chemical compound with the formula HSCH2CH2CH2SH.

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1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase

In enzymology, a 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, whereas its two products are 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate and CO2.

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1-Hexene

1-Hexene (hex-1-ene) is an organic compound with the formula C6H12.

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1-Octene

1-Octene is an organic compound with a formula CH2CHC6H13.

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10-Formyltetrahydrofolate

10-Formyltetrahydrofolate (10-CHO-THF) is a form of tetrahydrofolate that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism.

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2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH, Brady's reagent, Borche's reagent) is the chemical compound C6H3(NO2)2NHNH2.

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2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan

2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) is a heterocyclic organic compound, and is a derivative of a broader class of compounds known as furans.

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2,5-Diketopiperazine

2,5-Diketopiperazine, also known as piperazine-2,5-dione and as the cyclodipeptide cyclo(Gly-Gly), is an organic compound and the smallest cyclic dipeptide that consists of a six-membered ring containing two amide linkages where the two nitrogen atoms and the two carbonyls are at opposite positions in the ring.

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2-alkenal reductase

In enzymology, a 2-alkenal reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are n-alkanal, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are alk-2-enal, NADH, NADPH, and H+.

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2-Carboxybenzaldehyde

2-Carboxybenzaldehyde is a chemical compound.

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2-Formylpyridine

2-Formylpyridine, also commonly called pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, is an organic compound with the formula NC5H4CHO.

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2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase

In enzymology, a 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction: The two substrates of this enzyme are 2-oxoglutarate and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate and CO2.

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2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase

2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase (2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate-6-semialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase, alpha-hydroxy-gamma-carboxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, LigC, ProD) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase.

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2-Iodoxybenzoic acid

IBX or 2-iodoxybenzoic acid is an organic compound used in organic synthesis as an oxidizing agent.

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2-Mercaptoethanol

2-Mercaptoethanol (also β-mercaptoethanol, BME, 2BME, 2-ME or β-met) is the chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2SH.

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2-Methylundecanal

2-Methylundecanal is an organic compound that is found naturally in kumquat peel oil.

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2-Nitrobenzaldehyde

2-Nitrobenzaldehyde is an organic aromatic compound containing a nitro group ortho to formyl.

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2-Nonenal

2-Nonenal is an unsaturated aldehyde.

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2-Propylheptanol

2-Propylheptanol (2PH) is a colourless waxy or oily solid.

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2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase

In enzymology, SEPHCHC synthase (EC), encoded by menD gene in E. coli, is an enzyme that catalyzes the second step of menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis.

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3,3,4,4-Tetramethyltetrahydrofuran

In chemistry, 3,3,4,4-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran or 3,3,4,4-tetramethyloxolane is a heterocyclic compound with the formula, or (CH3)2((CH2)C2(CH2)O)(CH3)2.

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3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde

3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde is an organic compound.

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3-Benzoxepin

3-Benzoxepin is an annulated ring system with an aromatic benzene ring and a non-aromatic, unsaturated, oxygen-containing seven-membered heterocyclic oxepin.

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3-Dimethylaminoacrolein

3-Dimethylaminoacrolein is an organic compound with the formula Me2NC(H).

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3-Nitrobenzaldehyde

3-Nitrobenzaldehyde, meta-nitrobenzaldehyde or m-nitrobenzaldehyde is an organic aromatic compound containing a nitro group meta-substituted to an aldehyde.

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4-Anisaldehyde

4-Anisaldehyde (p-anisaldehyde, anisic aldehyde, or anise aldehyde) is an organic compound that is commonly encountered in fragrances, both synthetic and natural.

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4-Carboxybenzaldehyde

4-Carboxybenzaldehyde (CBA) is an organic compound with the formula OCHC6H4CO2H.

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4-Formylphenylboronic acid

4-Formylphenylboronic acid (4-FPBA) is a versatile synthetic building block and an important intermediate in the preparation of agrochemical and pharmaceutical active ingredients.

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4-Hydroxynonenal

4-Hydroxynonenal, or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal or 4-HNE or HNE, (9162), is an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal that is produced by lipid peroxidation in cells.

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4-Methylbenzaldehyde

4-Methylbenzaldehyde is a simple aromatic aldehyde.

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4-Nitrobenzaldehyde

4-Nitrobenzaldehyde is an organic aromatic compound containing a nitro group para-substituted to an aldehyde.

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5-Chloromethylfurfural

5-Chloromethylfurfural is an organic compound with the formula C4H2O(CH2Cl)CHO.

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5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone

5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone is a furanone derived from oxidation of furfural using singlet oxygen.

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6-APB

6-APB (6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran) is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the substituted benzofuran, substituted amphetamine and substituted phenethylamine classes.

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Redirects here:

-CHO, Acyl hydride, Aldehyde group, Aldehydes, Alkanal, Aromatic aldehyde, Carboxaldehyde, Corey-Gilman-Ganem oxidation, Corey–Gilman–Ganem oxidation, Dialdehyde, Formyl, Formyl functional group, Formyl group, Methanoyl, Methanoyl group, Monoformyl, RCHO.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde